Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| jasmonate zim-domain (jaz) protein regulates host and nonhost pathogen-induced cell death in tomato and nicotiana benthamiana. | the nonhost-specific phytotoxin coronatine (cor) produced by several pathovars of pseudomonas syringae functions as a jasmonic acid-isoleucine (ja-ile) mimic and contributes to disease development by suppressing plant defense responses and inducing reactive oxygen species in chloroplast. it has been shown that the f-box protein coronatine insensitive 1 (coi1) is the receptor for cor and ja-ile. jasmonate zim domain (jaz) proteins act as negative regulators for ja signaling in arabidopsis. howeve ... | 2013 | 24086622 |
| the tomato fni3 lysine-63-specific ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme and suv ubiquitin e2 variant positively regulate plant immunity. | the activation of an immune response in tomato (solanum lycopersicum) against pseudomonas syringae relies on the recognition of e3 ligase-deficient forms of avrptob by the host protein kinase, fen. to investigate the mechanisms by which fen-mediated immunity is regulated, we characterize in this study a fen-interacting protein, fni3, and its cofactor, s. lycoperiscum uev (suv). fni3 encodes a homolog of the ubc13-type ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme that catalyzes exclusively lys-63-linked ubiquiti ... | 2013 | 24076975 |
| suppression of ds1 phosphatidic acid phosphatase confirms resistance to ralstonia solanacearum in nicotiana benthamiana. | nicotianabenthamiana is susceptible to ralstonia solanacearum. to analyze molecular mechanisms for disease susceptibility, we screened a gene-silenced plant showing resistance to r. solanacearum, designated as ds1 (disease suppression 1). the deduced amino acid sequence of ds1 cdna encoded a phosphatidic acid phosphatase (pap) 2. ds1 expression was induced by infection with a virulent strain of r. solanacearum in an hrp-gene-dependent manner. ds1 rescued growth defects of the temperature-sensiti ... | 2013 | 24073238 |
| characterization of two geraniol synthases from valeriana officinalis and lippia dulcis: similar activity but difference in subcellular localization. | two geraniol synthases (ges), from valeriana officinalis (voges) and lippia dulcis (ldges), were isolated and were shown to have geraniol biosynthetic activity with km values of 32 µm and 51 µm for gpp, respectively, upon expression in escherichia coli. the in planta enzymatic activity and sub-cellular localization of voges and ldges were characterized in stable transformed tobacco and using transient expression in nicotiana benthamiana. transgenic tobacco expressing voges or ldges accumulate ge ... | 2013 | 24060453 |
| protein fragment bimolecular fluorescence complementation analyses for the in vivo study of protein-protein interactions and cellular protein complex localizations. | the analyses of protein-protein interactions are crucial for understanding cellular processes including signal transduction, protein trafficking, and movement. protein fragment complementation assays are based on the reconstitution of protein function when non-active protein fragments are brought together by interacting proteins that were genetically fused to these protein fragments. bimolecular fluorescence complementation (bifc) relies on the reconstitution of fluorescent proteins and enables ... | 2014 | 24057390 |
| recent evolution of a novel begomovirus causing tomato leaf curl disease in the al-batinah region of oman. | for last two decades, begomoviruses (family geminiviridae) have been a major constraint for tomato production in oman, particularly in the al-batinah region, the major agricultural area of oman. farms in the al-batinah region were surveyed during january-march and november-december in 2012 and january-february in 2013. leaf samples of tomato plants showing typical leaf curl disease symptoms were collected and analyzed for begomoviruses. out of fifteen begomovirus clones sequenced, seven were sho ... | 2014 | 24052149 |
| a new ilarvirus isolated from viola × wittrockiana and its detection in pansy germoplasm by qrt-pcr. | an infectious agent was transmitted mechanically from samples of viola spp. showing white mosaic and leaf deformation to nicotiana benthamiana. dsrna extracted from the n. benthamiana plants migrated as four specific bands that were absent in non-inoculated plants. sequence analysis of cdna clones generated from the second-smallest dsrna showed the greatest similarity to the rna3 of prune dwarf virus (pdv) (genus ilarvirus, family bromoviridae). however, because of differences in molecular, biol ... | 2014 | 24048886 |
| use of recombinant tobacco mosaic virus to achieve rna interference in plants against the citrus mealybug, planococcus citri (hemiptera: pseudococcidae). | the citrus mealybug, planococcus citri, is an important plant pest with a very broad plant host range. p. citri is a phloem feeder and loss of plant vigor and stunting are characteristic symptoms induced on a range of host plants, but p. citri also reduces fruit quality and causes fruit drop leading to significant yield reductions. better strategies for managing this pest are greatly needed. rna interference (rnai) is an emerging tool for functional genomics studies and is being investigated as ... | 2013 | 24040013 |
| pepper osmotin-like protein 1 (caosm1) is an essential component for defense response, cell death, and oxidative burst in plants. | osmotin or osmotin-like protein, a pr-5 family member, is differentially induced in plants by abiotic and biotic stresses. here, we demonstrate that the pepper (capsicum annuum) osmotin-like protein 1 gene, caosm1, was required for the defense and hypersensitive cell death response and oxidative burst signaling during xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (xcv) infection. caosm1 protein was localized to the plasma membrane in leaf cells of nicotiana benthamiana. agrobacterium-mediated transient ... | 2013 | 24022744 |
| plum pox virus accumulates mutations in different genome parts during a long-term maintenance in prunus host plants and passage in nicotiana benthamiana. | plum pox virus (ppv) isolates of the strain ppv-m prevalently infect peaches under natural conditions in middle europe. comparison of complete genome sequences obtained from subisolates of a ppv-m isolate maintained experimentally over a 6-year period in different prunus host species and passaged in nicotiana benthamiana was performed with the aim to highlight the mutations potentially connected with the virus-host adaptation. the results showed that the lowest number of non-silent mutations was ... | 2013 | 24020764 |
| rna-seq reveals infection-related gene expression changes in phytophthora capsici. | phytophthora capsici is a soilborne plant pathogen capable of infecting a wide range of plants, including many solanaceous crops. however, genetic resistance and fungicides often fail to manage p. capsici due to limited knowledge on the molecular biology and basis of p. capsici pathogenicity. to begin to rectify this situation, illumina rna-seq was used to perform massively parallel sequencing of three cdna samples derived from p. capsici mycelia (my), zoospores (zo) and germinating cysts with g ... | 2013 | 24019970 |
| a naturally occurring defective dna satellite associated with a monopartite begomovirus: evidence for recombination between alphasatellite and betasatellite. | monopartite begomoviruses and their associated satellites form unique disease complexes that have emerged as a serious threat to agriculture worldwide. it is well known that frequent recombination contributes to the diversification and evolution of geminiviruses. in this study, we identified a novel defective satellite molecule (recsat) in association with tobacco leaf curl yunnan virus (tblcynv) in a naturally infected tobacco plant. sequence analysis showed that recsat comprises 754 nucleotide ... | 2013 | 24018984 |
| characterization of a putative novel nepovirus from aeonium sp. | a virus was isolated from potted plants of an unidentified species of aeonium, a succulent ornamental very common in southern italy, showing chlorotic spots and rings on both leaf surfaces. it was successfully transmitted by sap inoculation to a limited range of hosts, including nicotiana benthamiana which was used for ultrastructural observations and virus purification. virus particles are isometric, ca. 30nm in diameter, have a single type of coat protein (cp) subunits 54kda in size, that enca ... | 2013 | 24012516 |
| mp10 and mp42 from the aphid species myzus persicae trigger plant defenses in nicotiana benthamiana through different activities. | aphids are phloem-feeding insects that, like other plant parasites, deliver effectors inside their host to manipulate host responses. the myzus persicae (green peach aphid) candidate effectors mp10 and mp42 were previously found to reduce aphid fecundity upon intracellular transient overexpression in nicotiana benthamiana. we performed functional analyses of these proteins to investigate whether they activate defenses through similar activities. we employed a range of functional characterization ... | 2014 | 24006884 |
| vigs-mediated forward genetics screening for identification of genes involved in nonhost resistance. | nonhost disease resistance of plants against bacterial pathogens is controlled by complex defense pathways. understanding this mechanism is important for developing durable disease-resistant plants against wide range of pathogens. virus-induced gene silencing (vigs)-based forward genetics screening is a useful approach for identification of plant defense genes imparting nonhost resistance. tobacco rattle virus (trv)-based vigs vector is the most efficient vigs vector to date and has been efficie ... | 2013 | 23995956 |
| the arabidopsis lectin receptor kinase lecrk-i.9 enhances resistance to phytophthora infestans in solanaceous plants. | late blight caused by the plant pathogenic oomycete phytophthora infestans is known as one of the most destructive potato diseases. plant breeders tend to employ nb-lrr-based resistance for introducing genetically controlled late blight resistance in their breeding lines. however, p. infestans is able to rapidly escape this type of resistance, and hence, nb-lrr-based resistance in potato cultivars is often not durable. previously, we identified a novel type of phytophthora resistance in arabidop ... | 2014 | 23980842 |
| overexpression of cotton ghmkk4 enhances disease susceptibility and affects abscisic acid, gibberellin and hydrogen peroxide signalling in transgenic nicotiana benthamiana. | mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascades are involved in plant development, stress responses and hormonal signal transduction. mapk kinases (mapkks), as the key nodes in these cascades, link mapks and mapkk kinases (mapkkks). in this study, ghmkk4, a novel group c mapkk gene from cotton (gossypium hirsutum), was isolated and identified. its expression can be induced by various stresses and signalling molecules. the overexpression of ghmkk4 in nicotiana benthamiana enhanced its susceptibi ... | 2014 | 23980654 |
| molecular identification of ageratum enation virus, betasatellite and alphasatellite molecules isolated from yellow vein diseased amaranthus cruentus in india. | natural occurrence of yellow vein disease on amaranthus cruentus was observed at lucknow, india in the year 2008. the causal virus was successfully transmitted through whiteflies (bemisia tabaci) from diseased a. cruentus to healthy seedlings of a. cruentus and other test species which indicated begomovirus infection. the begomovirus dna-a, betasatellite, and alphasatellite components associated with yellow vein disease were amplified by rolling circle amplification using ø-29 dna polymerase fro ... | 2013 | 23963765 |
| cotton ghmpk6a negatively regulates osmotic tolerance and bacterial infection in transgenic nicotiana benthamiana, and plays a pivotal role in development. | mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascades play important roles in the perception of external signals and the generation of suitable responses. cotton (gossypium hirsutum) is an important fibre-producing and oil-producing crop worldwide. however, few mapks and their interaction partners have been functionally characterized in cotton. in the present study, the group a mapk g. hirsutum (gh)mpk6a was identified and characterized. ghmpk6a expression can be induced through multiple defence-rela ... | 2013 | 23957843 |
| the molecular characterisation of a sida-infecting begomovirus from jamaica. | the complete dna sequence of both genome components of a new begomovirus (sida golden mosaic buckup virus-[jamaica:st. elizabeth:2004]; sigmbuv-[jm:se:04]) was determined from a field-infected sida sp. sample from buckup, st. elizabeth, jamaica. phylogenetically, both genome components of sigmbuv-[jm:se:04] are most closely related to malvaceous weed-infecting floridian and mexican begomoviruses. its dna-b is a recombinant molecule, the majority of which was derived from a virus resembling sida ... | 2014 | 23933798 |
| wheat zinc finger protein talsd1, a negative regulator of programmed cell death, is involved in wheat resistance against stripe rust fungus. | genetic characterization of the arabidopsis lesion simulating disease 1 (lsd1) mutant, a lesion mimic mutant (lmm), has revealed the essential role of atlsd1 in the negative regulation of cell death and disease resistance. the three zinc-finger motifs found in atlsd1 revealed a novel plant-specific gene family, whose members are significantly related to programmed cell death (pcd). in this study, we characterized a functional homologue to atlsd1, talsd1, in the wheat-stripe rust fungus pathosyst ... | 2013 | 23933226 |
| improved silencing suppression and enhanced heterologous protein expression are achieved using an engineered viral helper component proteinase. | rna silencing limits transient expression of heterologous proteins in plants. co-expression of viral silencing suppressor proteins can increase and prolong protein expression, but highly efficient silencing suppressors may stress plant tissue and be detrimental to protein yields. little is known whether silencing suppression could be improved without harm to plant tissues. this study reports development of enhanced silencing suppressors by engineering the helper component proteinase (hcpro) of p ... | 2013 | 23933077 |
| expression and assembly of norwalk virus-like particles in plants using a viral rna silencing suppressor gene. | binary vector-based transient expression of heterologous proteins in plants is a very attractive strategy due to the short time required for proceeding from planning to expression. however, this expression system is limited by comparatively lower yields due to strong post-transcriptional gene silencing (ptgs) in the host plants. the aim of this study was to optimize a procedure for expression of norovirus virus-like particles (vlps) in plants using a binary vector with co-expression of a ptgs su ... | 2013 | 23925532 |
| immunogenic assessment of plant-produced human papillomavirus type 16 l1/l2 chimaeras. | cervical cancer is caused by infection with human papillomaviruses (hpv) and is a global concern, particularly in developing countries, which have ~80% of the burden. hpv l1 virus-like particle (vlp) type-restricted vaccines prevent new infections and associated disease. however, their high cost has limited their application, and cytological screening programmes are still required to detect malignant lesions associated with the nonvaccine types. thus, there is an urgent need for cheap second-gen ... | 2013 | 23924054 |
| rnase j participates in a pentatricopeptide repeat protein-mediated 5' end maturation of chloroplast mrnas. | nucleus-encoded ribonucleases and rna-binding proteins influence chloroplast gene expression through their roles in rna maturation and stability. one mechanism for mrna 5' end maturation posits that sequence-specific pentatricopeptide repeat (ppr) proteins define termini by blocking the 5'→3' exonucleolytic activity of ribonuclease j (rnase j). to test this hypothesis in vivo, virus-induced gene silencing was used to reduce the expression of three ppr proteins and rnase j, both individually and ... | 2013 | 23921629 |
| the production and characterization of a new active lipase from acremonium alcalophilum using a plant bioreactor. | microorganisms are the most proficient decomposers in nature, using secreted enzymes in the hydrolysis of lignocellulose. as such, they present the most abundant source for discovery of new enzymes. acremonium alcalophilum is the only known cellulolytic fungus that thrives in alkaline conditions and can be cultured readily in the laboratory. its optimal conditions for growth are 30°c and ph 9.0-9.2. the genome sequence of acremonium alcalophilum has revealed a large number of genes encoding biom ... | 2013 | 23915965 |
| a metabolic gene cluster in lotus japonicus discloses novel enzyme functions and products in triterpene biosynthesis. | genes for triterpene biosynthetic pathways exist as metabolic gene clusters in oat and arabidopsis thaliana plants. we characterized the presence of an analogous gene cluster in the model legume lotus japonicus. in the genomic regions flanking the oxidosqualene cyclase amy2 gene, genes for two different classes of cytochrome p450 and a gene predicted to encode a reductase were identified. functional characterization of the cluster genes was pursued by heterologous expression in nicotiana bentham ... | 2013 | 23909862 |
| pescadillo plays an essential role in plant cell growth and survival by modulating ribosome biogenesis. | pescadillo (pes) is involved in diverse cellular processes such as embryonic development, ribosomal biogenesis, cell proliferation, and gene transcription in yeast and metazoans. in this study, we characterized cellular functions of plant pes in nicotiana benthamiana, arabidopsis, and tobacco by-2 cells. a gfp fusion protein of pes is predominantly localized in the nucleolus, where its localization requires the n-terminal domain of pes. silencing of plant pes led to growth arrest and acute cell ... | 2013 | 23909681 |
| the tomato calcium sensor cbl10 and its interacting protein kinase cipk6 define a signaling pathway in plant immunity. | ca(2+) signaling is an early and necessary event in plant immunity. the tomato (solanum lycopersicum) kinase pto triggers localized programmed cell death (pcd) upon recognition of pseudomonas syringae effectors avrpto or avrptob. in a virus-induced gene silencing screen in nicotiana benthamiana, we independently identified two components of a ca(2+)-signaling system, cbl10 (for calcineurin b-like protein) and cipk6 (for calcineurin b-like interacting protein kinase), as their silencing inhibited ... | 2013 | 23903322 |
| the receptor-like protein remax of arabidopsis detects the microbe-associated molecular pattern emax from xanthomonas. | as part of their immune system, plants have pattern recognition receptors (prrs) that can detect a broad range of microbe-associated molecular patterns (mamps). here, we identified a prr of arabidopsis thaliana with specificity for the bacterial mamp emax from xanthomonads. response to emax seems to be restricted to the brassicaceae family and also varied among different accessions of arabidopsis. in crosses between sensitive accessions and the insensitive accession shakhdara, emax perception ma ... | 2013 | 23898033 |
| construction of a sonchus yellow net virus minireplicon: a step toward reverse genetic analysis of plant negative-strand rna viruses. | reverse genetic analyses of negative-strand rna (nsr) viruses have provided enormous advances in our understanding of animal viruses over the past 20 years, but technical difficulties have hampered application to plant nsr viruses. to develop a reverse genetic approach for analysis of plant nsr viruses, we have engineered sonchus yellow net nucleorhabdovirus (synv) minireplicon (mr) reporter cassettes for agrobacterium tumefaciens expression in nicotiana benthamiana leaves. fluorescent reporter ... | 2013 | 23885070 |
| deletions within the 3' non-translated region of alfalfa mosaic virus rna4 do not affect replication but significantly reduce long-distance movement of chimeric tobacco mosaic virus. | alfalfa mosaic virus (almv) rnas 1 and 2 with deletions in their 3' non‑translated regions (ntrs) have been previously shown to be encapsidated into virions by coat protein (cp) expressed from rna3, indicating that the 3' ntrs of rnas 1 and 2 are not required for virion assembly. here, we constructed various mutants by deleting sequences within the 3' ntr of almv subgenomic (sg) rna4 (same as of rna3) and examined the effect of these deletions on replication and translation of chimeric tobacco m ... | 2013 | 23867804 |
| allelic variation in two distinct pseudomonas syringae flagellin epitopes modulates the strength of plant immune responses but not bacterial motility. | the bacterial flagellin (flic) epitopes flg22 and flgii-28 are microbe-associated molecular patterns (mamps). although flg22 is recognized by many plant species via the pattern recognition receptor fls2, neither the flgii-28 receptor nor the extent of flgii-28 recognition by different plant families is known. here, we tested the significance of flgii-28 as a mamp and the importance of allelic diversity in flg22 and flgii-28 in plant-pathogen interactions using purified peptides and a pseudomonas ... | 2013 | 23865782 |
| divergence of host range and biological properties between natural isolate and full-length infectious cdna clone of the beet mild yellowing virus 2itb. | plant infection by poleroviruses is restricted to phloem tissues, preventing any classical leaf rub inoculation with viral rna or virions. efficient virus inoculation to plants is achieved by viruliferous aphids that acquire the virus by feeding on infected plants. the use of promoter-driven infectious cdna is an alternative means to infect plants and allows reverse genetic studies to be performed. using beet mild yellowing virus isolate 2itb (bmyv-2itb), we produced a full-length infectious cdn ... | 2014 | 23855287 |
| development of apple latent spherical virus-based vaccines against three tospoviruses. | apple latent spherical virus (alsv) is characterized by its relatively broad host range, latency in most host plants, and ability to induce gene silencing in host plants. herein, we focus on the above characteristic of alsv and describe our development of alsv vector vaccines against three tospoviruses, namely, impatiens necrotic spot virus (insv), iris yellow spot virus (iysv), and tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv). dna fragments of 201 nt of three tospovirus s-rnas (silencing suppressor (nss) a ... | 2013 | 23850843 |
| a genetic system for citrus tristeza virus using the non-natural host nicotiana benthamiana: an update. | in nature citrus tristeza virus (ctv), genus closterovirus, infects only the phloem cells of species of citrus and related genera. finding that the ctv t36 strain replicated in nicotiana benthamiana (nb) protoplasts and produced normal virions allowed development of the first genetic system based on protoplast transfection with rna transcribed from a full-genome cdna clone, a laborious and uncertain system requiring several months for each experiment. we developed a more efficient system based o ... | 2013 | 23847598 |
| cotton ghmkk1 induces the tolerance of salt and drought stress, and mediates defence responses to pathogen infection in transgenic nicotiana benthamiana. | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (mapkk) mediate a variety of stress responses in plants. so far little is known on the functional role of mapkks in cotton. in the present study, gossypium hirsutum mkk1 (ghmkk1) function was investigated. ghmkk1 protein may activate its specific targets in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. treatments with salt, drought, and h2o2 induced the expression of ghmkk1 and increased the activity of ghmkk1, while overexpression of ghmkk1 in nicotiana benthamiana en ... | 2013 | 23844212 |
| de novo genetic engineering of the camalexin biosynthetic pathway. | camalexin is a tryptophan-derived phytoalexin that is induced in the model plant arabidopsis thaliana upon pathogen attack. only few genes in the biosynthetic pathway of camalexin remain unidentified, however, investigation of candidate genes for these steps has proven particularly difficult partly because of redundancy in the genome of arabidopsis. here we describe metabolic engineering of the camalexin biosynthetic pathway in the transient nicotiana benthamiana expression system. camalexin acc ... | 2013 | 23830903 |
| the novel grcep12 peptide from the plant-parasitic nematode globodera rostochiensis suppresses flg22-mediated pti. | the potato cyst nematode globodera rostochiensis is a biotrophic pathogen that secretes effector proteins into host root cells to promote successful plant parasitism. in addition to the role in generating within root tissue the feeding cells essential for nematode development, (1) nematode secreted effectors are becoming recognized as suppressors of plant immunity. (2)(-) (4) recently we reported that the effector ubiquitin carboxyl extension protein (grubcep12) from g. rostochiensis is processe ... | 2013 | 23803745 |
| maintaining the structural integrity of the bamboo mosaic virus 3' untranslated region is necessary for retaining the catalytic constant for minus-strand rna synthesis. | bamboo mosaic virus (bamv) and the potato virus x (pvx) are members of the genus potexvirus and have a single-stranded positive-sense rna genome. the 3'-untranslated region (utr) of the bamv rna genome was mapped structurally into abc (a cloverleaf-like), d (a stem-loop), and e (pseudoknot) domains. the bamv replicase complex that was isolated from the infected plants was able to recognize the 3' utr of pvx rna to initiate minus-strand rna synthesis in vitro. | 2013 | 23800142 |
| enhanced transgene expression in sugarcane by co-expression of virus-encoded rna silencing suppressors. | post-transcriptional gene silencing is commonly observed in polyploid species and often poses a major limitation to plant improvement via biotechnology. five plant viral suppressors of rna silencing were evaluated for their ability to counteract gene silencing and enhance the expression of the enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (eyfp) or the β-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene in sugarcane, a major sugar and biomass producing polyploid. functionality of these suppressors was first verified in n ... | 2013 | 23799071 |
| a translationally controlled tumor protein negatively regulates the hypersensitive response in nicotiana benthamiana. | we have been isolating and characterizing ralstonia solanacearum-responsive genes (rsrgs) in nicotiana plants. in this study we focused on rsrg308, which we renamed nbtctp (n. benthamiana translationally controlled tumor protein) because it encodes a polypeptide showing similarity to translationally controlled tumor proteins. induction of the hypersensitive response (hr) was accelerated in nbtctp-silenced n. benthamiana plants challenged with r. solanacearum 8107 (rs8107). the rs8107 population ... | 2013 | 23788648 |
| pepper arginine decarboxylase is required for polyamine and γ-aminobutyric acid signaling in cell death and defense response. | the xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria (xcv) effector avrbst induces a hypersensitive cell death in pepper (capsicum annuum). however, the molecular mechanisms underlying avrbst-triggered cell death are not fully understood. here, we identified pepper arginine decarboxylase (caadc1) as an avrbst-interacting protein, which is early and strongly induced in incompatible pepper-xcv interactions. bimolecular fluorescence complementation and coimmunoprecipitation assays showed that the caadc1-avrbs ... | 2013 | 23784462 |
| characterizing the link between glycosylation state and enzymatic activity of the endo-β1,4-glucanase korrigan1 from arabidopsis thaliana. | defects in n-glycosylation and n-glycan processing frequently cause alterations in plant cell wall architecture, including changes in the structure of cellulose, which is the most abundant plant polysaccharide. korrigan1 (kor1) is a glycoprotein enzyme with an essential function during cellulose biosynthesis in arabidopsis thaliana. kor1 is a membrane-anchored endo-β1,4-glucanase and contains eight potential n-glycosylation sites in its extracellular domain. here, we expressed a. thaliana kor1 a ... | 2013 | 23782689 |
| self-interaction of the cucumber mosaic virus 2b protein plays a vital role in the suppression of rna silencing and the induction of viral symptoms. | the cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) 2b protein is an rna silencing suppressor protein that can also play direct and indirect roles in symptom induction. previous work has shown that a hybrid virus, frad35(2b) -cmv (renamed here as cmv-frad2b-pro), generated by replacement of the 2b gene of strain fny-cmv with that from rad35-cmv, displays markedly lower pathogenicity than fny-cmv on nicotiana species. however, the replacement of proline with leucine at position 55 of the 2b protein of cmv-frad2b-pro ... | 2013 | 23782515 |
| root-specific role for nicotiana benthamiana rdr6 in the inhibition of chinese wheat mosaic virus accumulation at higher temperatures. | some viruses only infect plants at cool temperatures but the molecular mechanism underlying this low-temperature dependence remains unclear. chinese wheat mosaic virus (cwmv, genus furovirus) was able to infect wheat and nicotiana benthamiana plants at 16 but not at 24°c. when cwmv-infected plants were transferred to 24°c for 2 weeks, the newly emerged leaves and roots became virus free. co-infection with potato virus y rescued cwmv accumulation in n. benthamiana plants after a temperature shift ... | 2013 | 23777430 |
| infectious transcripts of an asymptomatic panicovirus identified from a metagenomic survey. | a new panicovirus was identified from a metagenomic survey of plant viruses in the tallgrass prairie preserve (tpp), osage county, oklahoma, usa. thin paspalum asymptomatic virus (tpav) was isolated from paspalum setaceum var. muehlenbergii. the complete 4195 nucleotide sequence encodes six proteins of 44, 109, 8, 6.8, 26, and 15kda, whose genes are similar in size and location to those of panicum mosaic virus (pmv) and cocksfoot mild mosaic virus (cmmv). infectious transcripts made from cdnas o ... | 2013 | 23774065 |
| atdgat2 is a functional acyl-coa:diacylglycerol acyltransferase and displays different acyl-coa substrate preferences than atdgat1. | demonstration of the function of the arabidopsis thaliana acyl-coa:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (atdgat2) has remained elusive despite biochemical testing of genetic mutants and overexpression lines. we show that transiently expressed atdgat2 in the nicotiana benthamiana leaf resulted in an increase in triacylglycerol twice as great as the increase observed following parallel expression of atdgat1. atdgat2 showed higher conversion from labeled diacylglycerol to triacylglycerol compared to at ... | 2013 | 23770095 |
| characterization of the polyadenylation activity in a replicase complex from bamboo mosaic virus-infected nicotiana benthamiana plants. | bamboo mosaic virus (bamv) has a positive-sense single-stranded rna genome with a 5' cap and a 3' poly(a) tail. to characterize polyadenylation activity in the bamv replicase complex, we performed the in vitro polyadenylation with various bamv templates. we conducted a polyadenylation activity assay for bamv rna by using a partially purified bamv replicase complex. the results showed that approximately 200 adenylates at the 3' end of the rna were generated on the endogenous rna templates. specif ... | 2013 | 23768785 |
| interaction of medicago truncatula lysin motif receptor-like kinases, nfp and lyk3, produced in nicotiana benthamiana induces defence-like responses. | receptor(-like) kinases with lysin motif (lysm) domains in their extracellular region play crucial roles during plant interactions with microorganisms; e.g. arabidopsis thaliana cerk1 activates innate immunity upon perception of fungal chitin/chitooligosaccharides, whereas medicago truncatula nfp and lyk3 mediate signalling upon perception of bacterial lipo-chitooligosaccharides, termed nod factors, during the establishment of mutualism with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. however, little is still kno ... | 2013 | 23750228 |
| mutations in the capsid protein of brome mosaic virus affecting encapsidation eliminate vesicle induction in planta: implications for virus cell-to-cell spread. | positive-strand rna viruses are known to rearrange the endomembrane network to make it more conducive for replication, maturation, or egress. our previous transmission electron microscopic (tem) analysis showed that ectopic expression of wild-type (wt) capsid protein (cp) of brome mosaic virus (bmv) has an intrinsic property of modifying the endoplasmic reticulum (er) to induce vesicles similar to those present in wt bmv infection. in this study, we evaluated the functional significance of cp-me ... | 2013 | 23741003 |
| a suppressor screen of the chimeric atcngc11/12 reveals residues important for intersubunit interactions of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels. | to investigate the structure-function relationship of plant cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (cngcs), we identified a total of 29 mutant alleles of the chimeric atcngc11/12 gene that induces multiple defense responses in the arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) mutant, constitutive expresser of pr genes22 (cpr22). based on computational modeling, two new alleles, s100 (atcngc11/12:g459r) and s137 (atcngc11/12:r381h), were identified as counterparts of human cnga3 (a human cngc) mutants. both m ... | 2013 | 23735507 |
| comparative transcriptome analysis of three oil palm fruit and seed tissues that differ in oil content and fatty acid composition. | oil palm (elaeis guineensis) produces two oils of major economic importance, commonly referred to as palm oil and palm kernel oil, extracted from the mesocarp and the endosperm, respectively. while lauric acid predominates in endosperm oil, the major fatty acids (fas) of mesocarp oil are palmitic and oleic acids. the oil palm embryo also stores oil, which contains a significant proportion of linoleic acid. in addition, the three tissues display high variation for oil content at maturity. to gain ... | 2013 | 23735505 |
| the role of tir-nbs and tir-x proteins in plant basal defense responses. | toll/interleukin receptor (tir) domain-containing proteins encoded in the arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) genome include the tir-nucleotide binding site (tn) and tir-unknown site/domain (tx) families. we investigated the function of these proteins. transient overexpression of five tx and tn genes in tobacco (nicotiana benthamiana) induced chlorosis. this induced chlorosis was dependent on enhanced disease resistance1, a dependency conserved in both tobacco and arabidopsis. stable overexpressi ... | 2013 | 23735504 |
| in planta effector competition assays detect hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis effectors that contribute to virulence and localize to different plant subcellular compartments. | the genome of the pathogenic oomycete hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis is predicted to encode at least 134 high-confidence effectors (harxl) carrying the rxlr motif implicated in their translocation into plant cells. however, only four avirulence genes (atr1, atr13, atr5, and atr39) have been isolated. this indicates that identification of harxl effectors based on avirulence is low throughput. we aimed at rapidly identifying h. arabidopsidis effectors that contribute to virulence by developing met ... | 2013 | 23734779 |
| a recombinant begomovirus resulting from exchange of the c4 gene. | a begomovirus isolated from malvastrum coromandelianum and tomato originating from yunnan province (china) was shown to be representative of a new begomovirus species, for which the name tomato leaf curl yunnan virus (tlcynv) is proposed. tlcynv has high levels of sequence identity to tomato yellow leaf curl china virus (tylccnv) across the whole genome, except for sequences encompassing the c4 gene. agrobacterium-mediated inoculation showed tlcynv to be highly infectious to a range of plant spe ... | 2013 | 23720217 |
| members of the xb3 family from diverse plant species induce programmed cell death in nicotiana benthamiana. | programmed cell death has been associated with plant immunity and senescence. the receptor kinase xa21 confers resistance to bacterial blight disease of rice (oryza sativa) caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo). here we show that the xa21 binding protein 3 (xb3) is capable of inducing cell death when overexpressed in nicotiana benthamiana. xb3 is a ring finger-containing e3 ubiquitin ligase that has been positively implicated in xa21-mediated resistance. mutation abolishing the xb3 e3 ac ... | 2013 | 23717500 |
| a remarkable synergistic effect at the transcriptomic level in peach fruits doubly infected by prunus necrotic ringspot virus and peach latent mosaic viroid. | microarray profiling is a powerful technique to investigate expression changes of large amounts of genes in response to specific environmental conditions. the majority of the studies investigating gene expression changes in virus-infected plants are limited to interactions between a virus and a model host plant, which usually is arabidopsis thaliana or nicotiana benthamiana. in the present work, we performed microarray profiling to explore changes in the expression profile of field-grown prunus ... | 2013 | 23710752 |
| intergeneric recombination between a new, spinach-infecting curtovirus and a new geminivirus belonging to the genus becurtovirus: first new world exemplar. | a novel curtovirus, spinach severe curly top virus (ssctv), was associated with symptomatic spinach plants collected from a commercial field in south-central arizona during 2009. in addition, a second viral molecule of about 2.9 kb from the same spinach plants was amplified, cloned and sequenced. the latter isolate, herein named spinach curly top arizona virus (sctav), was found to share 77 % pairwise sequence identity with beet curly top iran virus (bctiv), a leafhopper-transmitted geminivirus ... | 2013 | 23708296 |
| the glutathione transferase of nicotiana benthamiana nbgstu4 plays a role in regulating the early replication of bamboo mosaic virus. | bamboo mosaic virus (bamv) is a single-stranded positive-sense rna virus. one of the plant glutathione s-transferase (gst) genes, nbgstu4, responds as an upregulated gene in nicotiana benthamiana post bamv infection. in order to identify the role of nbgstu4 in bamv infection, the expression of nbgstu4 was knocked down using a virus-induced gene silencing technique or was transiently expressed in n. benthamiana in bamv inoculation. the results show a significant decrease in bamv rna accumulation ... | 2013 | 23701112 |
| nonsense-mediated mrna degradation of ctfad2-1 and development of a perfect molecular marker for olol mutation in high oleic safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.). | there are two types of safflower oil, high oleic (ho) with 70-75 % oleic acid and high linoleic (hl) with about 70 % linoleic acid. the original ho trait in safflower, found in an introduction from india, is controlled by a partially recessive allele ol at a single locus (knowles and bill 1964). in the lipid biosynthesis pathway of developing safflower seeds, microsomal oleoyl phosphatidylcholine desaturase (fad2) is largely responsible for the conversion of oleic acid to linoleic acid. in vitro ... | 2013 | 23695179 |
| differential effects of the peptides stomagen, epf1 and epf2 on activation of map kinase mpk6 and the spch protein level. | the positioning and density of leaf stomata are regulated by three secretory peptides, epidermal patterning factor 1 (epf1), epf2 and stomagen. several lines of published evidence have suggested a regulatory pathway as follows. epf1 and epf2 are perceived by receptor complexes consisting of a receptor-like protein, too many mouths (tmm), and receptor kinases, erecta (er), erecta-like (erl) 1 and erl2. these receptors activate a mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase module. map kinases phosphory ... | 2013 | 23686240 |
| transgenic resistance to bamboo mosaic virus by expression of interfering satellite rna. | plant genetic engineering has broadened the options for plant virus resistance and is mostly based on pathogen-derived resistance. previously, we have shown that interfering satellite rna (satrna) of bamboo mosaic virus (satbamv) greatly reduces bamboo mosaic virus (bamv) accumulation and bamv-induced symptoms in co-inoculated plants. here, we generated a nonviral source of virus-resistant transgenic nicotiana benthamiana and arabidopsis thaliana by introducing interfering satbamv. asymptomatic ... | 2013 | 23675895 |
| a tandem kunitz protease inhibitor (kpi106)-serine carboxypeptidase (scp1) controls mycorrhiza establishment and arbuscule development in medicago truncatula. | plant proteases and protease inhibitors are involved in plant developmental processes including those involving interactions with microbes. here we show that a tandem between a kunitz protease inhibitor (kpi106) and a serine carboxypeptidase (scp1) controls arbuscular mycorrhiza development in the root cortex of medicago truncatula. both proteins are only induced during mycorrhiza formation and belong to large families whose members are also mycorrhiza-specific. furthermore, the interaction betw ... | 2013 | 23662629 |
| a method for rapid production of heteromultimeric protein complexes in plants: assembly of protective bluetongue virus-like particles. | plant expression systems based on nonreplicating virus-based vectors can be used for the simultaneous expression of multiple genes within the same cell. they therefore have great potential for the production of heteromultimeric protein complexes. this work describes the efficient plant-based production and assembly of bluetongue virus-like particles (vlps), requiring the simultaneous expression of four distinct proteins in varying amounts. such particles have the potential to serve as a safe and ... | 2013 | 23647743 |
| ser/thr kinase-like protein of nicotiana benthamiana is involved in the cell-to-cell movement of bamboo mosaic virus. | to investigate the plant genes affected by bamboo mosaic virus (bamv) infection, we applied a cdna-amplified fragment length polymorphism technique to screen genes with differential expression. a serine/threonine kinase-like (nbstkl) gene of nicotiana benthamiana is upregulated after bamv infection. nbstkl contains the homologous domain of ser/thr kinase. knocking down the expression of nbstkl by virus-induced gene silencing reduced the accumulation of bamv in the inoculated leaves but not in th ... | 2013 | 23646157 |
| comprehensive protein-based artificial microrna screens for effective gene silencing in plants. | artificial microrna (amirna) approaches offer a powerful strategy for targeted gene manipulation in any plant species. however, the current unpredictability of amirna efficacy has limited broad application of this promising technology. to address this, we developed epitope-tagged protein-based amirna (etpamir) screens, in which target mrnas encoding epitope-tagged proteins were constitutively or inducibly coexpressed in protoplasts with amirna candidates targeting single or multiple genes. this ... | 2013 | 23645631 |
| drought stress acclimation imparts tolerance to sclerotinia sclerotiorum and pseudomonas syringae in nicotiana benthamiana. | acclimation of plants with an abiotic stress can impart tolerance to some biotic stresses. such a priming response has not been widely studied. in particular, little is known about enhanced defense capacity of drought stress acclimated plants to fungal and bacterial pathogens. here we show that prior drought acclimation in nicotiana benthamiana plants imparts tolerance to necrotrophic fungus, sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and also to hemi-biotrophic bacterial pathogen, pseudomonas syringae pv. tabac ... | 2013 | 23644883 |
| o-glcnac modification of the coat protein of the potyvirus plum pox virus enhances viral infection. | o-glcnacylation is a dynamic protein modification which has been studied mainly in metazoans. we reported previously that an arabidopsis thaliana o-glcnac transferase modifies at least two threonine residues of the plum pox virus (ppv) capsid protein (cp). now, six additional residues were shown to be involved in o-glcnac modification of ppv cp. cp o-glcnacylation was abolished in the ppv cp7-t/a mutant, in which seven threonines were mutated. ppv cp7-t/a infected nicotiana clevelandii, nicotian ... | 2013 | 23639873 |
| the metabolite chemotype of nicotiana benthamiana transiently expressing artemisinin biosynthetic pathway genes is a function of cyp71av1 type and relative gene dosage. | artemisia annua, which produces the anti-malaria compound artemisinin, occurs as high-artemisinin production (hap) and low-artemisinin production (lap) chemotypes. understanding the basis of the difference between these chemotypes would assist breeding and optimising artemisinin biosynthesis. here we present a systematic comparison of artemisinin biosynthesis genes that may be involved in determining the chemotype (cyp71av1, dbr2 and aldh1). these genes were isolated from the two chemotypes and ... | 2013 | 23638869 |
| coronatine inhibits stomatal closure and delays hypersensitive response cell death induced by nonhost bacterial pathogens. | pseudomonas syringae is the most widespread bacterial pathogen in plants. several strains of p. syringae produce a phytotoxin, coronatine (cor), which acts as a jasmonic acid mimic and inhibits plant defense responses and contributes to disease symptom development. in this study, we found that cor inhibits early defense responses during nonhost disease resistance. stomatal closure induced by a nonhost pathogen, p. syringae pv. tabaci, was disrupted by cor in tomato epidermal peels. in addition, ... | 2013 | 23638370 |
| a geminivirus-satellite complex is associated with leaf deformity of mentha (mint) plants in punjab. | a widespread leaf deformity disease of mentha (mint), accompanied by whiteflies, the vectors of begomoviruses, was observed in punjab in the last few years. the presence of begomovirus was indicated by dna dot-blot analysis using the conserved coat protein and replication-associated protein genes of another begomovirus, sri lankan cassava mosaic virus (slcmv). a dna fragment (2.0 kb), representing a partial genomic dna of a begomovirus, amplified from the symptomatic mentha leaves was used to de ... | 2011 | 23637488 |
| rice yellow stunt rhabdovirus protein 6 suppresses systemic rna silencing by blocking rdr6-mediated secondary sirna synthesis. | the p6 protein of rice yellow stunt rhabdovirus (rysv) is a virion structural protein that can be phosphorylated in vitro. however its exact function remains elusive. we found that p6 enhanced the virulence of potato virus x (pvx) in nicotiana benthamiana and n. tabacum plants, suggesting that it might function as a suppressor of rna silencing. we examined the mechanism of p6-mediated silencing suppression by transiently expressing p6 in both n. benthamiana leaves and rice protoplasts. our resul ... | 2013 | 23634838 |
| sporopollenin biosynthetic enzymes interact and constitute a metabolon localized to the endoplasmic reticulum of tapetum cells. | the sporopollenin polymer is the major constituent of exine, the outer pollen wall. recently fatty acid derivatives have been shown to be the precursors of sporopollenin building units. acyl-coa synthetase, polyketide synthase a (pksa) and pksb, tetraketide α-pyrone reductase1 (tkpr1) and tkpr2 have been demonstrated to be involved in sporopollenin biosynthesis in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). here all these sporopollenin biosynthetic enzymes but tkpr2 have been immunolocalized to endoplas ... | 2013 | 23632852 |
| a rapid assay to quantify the cleavage efficiency of custom-designed nucleases in planta. | custom-designed nucleases are a promising technology for genome editing through the catalysis of double-strand dna breaks within target loci and subsequent repair by the host cell, which can result in targeted mutagenesis or gene replacement. implementing this new technology requires a rapid means to determine the cleavage efficiency of these custom-designed proteins in planta. here we present such an assay that is based on cleavage-dependent luciferase gene correction as part of a transient dua ... | 2013 | 23625357 |
| transcription of orfs on rna2 and rna4 of rice stripe virus terminate at an auccggau sequence that is conserved in the genus tenuivirus. | rice stripe virus, the type member of the genus tenuivirus, has four genomic rnas. rnas 2-4 have an ambisense coding strategy and the noncoding intergenic regions (irs) separating the two orfs are thought to function in termination of transcription. sequencing the 3'-untranslated region of transcripts from rna2 and rna4 in virus-infected oryza sativa (the natural host), nicotiana benthamiana (an experimental host) and laodelphax striatellus (the vector), showed that the sequences of p2 and pc2 t ... | 2013 | 23624227 |
| agroinoculation of a full-length cdna clone of cotton leafroll dwarf virus (clrdv) results in systemic infection in cotton and the model plant nicotiana benthamiana. | cotton blue disease is the most important viral disease of cotton in the southern part of south america. its etiological agent, cotton leafroll dwarf virus (clrdv), is specifically transmitted to host plants by the aphid vector (aphis gossypii) and any attempt to perform mechanical inoculations of this virus into its host has failed. this limitation has held back the study of this virus and the disease it causes. in this study, a full-length cdna of clrdv was constructed and expressed in vivo un ... | 2013 | 23623981 |
| genome-wide identification and functional analyses of calmodulin genes in solanaceous species. | calmodulin (cam) is a major calcium sensor in all eukaryotes. it binds calcium and modulates the activity of a wide range of downstream proteins in response to calcium signals. however, little is known about the cam gene family in solanaceous species, including the economically important species, tomato (solanum lycopersicum), and the gene silencing model plant, nicotiana benthamiana. moreover, the potential function of cam in plant disease resistance remains largely unclear. | 2013 | 23621884 |
| silencing of nicotiana benthamiana neuroblastoma-amplified gene causes er stress and cell death. | neuroblastoma amplified gene (nag) was identified as a gene co-amplified with the n-myc gene, whose genomic amplification correlates with poor prognosis of neuroblastoma. later it was found that nag is localized in endoplasmic reticulum (er) and is a component of the syntaxin 18 complex that is involved in golgi-to-er retrograde transport in human cells. homologous sequences of nag are found in plant databases, but its function in plant cells remains unknown. | 2013 | 23621803 |
| identification and characterization of the interaction between viroplasm-associated proteins from two different plant-infecting reoviruses and eef-1a of rice. | a rice protein homologous to eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1a (eef-1a) was found to interact with the pns6 of rice ragged stunt virus (rrsv), the type member of the genus oryzavirus, family reoviridae, in yeast two-hybrid screening. the interaction between the rice protein, designated oseef-1a, and rrsv pns6 was confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation. besides pns6, oseef-1a also interacted with the viroplasm matrix protein, pns10, of rrsv. when expressed together, oseef ... | 2013 | 23605590 |
| ophioviruses cpsv and milbvv movement protein is encoded in rna 2 and interacts with the coat protein. | citrus psorosis virus (cpsv) and mirafiori lettuce big-vein virus (milbvv), members of the ophioviridae family, have segmented negative-sense single-stranded rna genomes. to date no reports have described how ophioviruses spread within host plants and/or the proteins involved in this process. here we show that the 54k protein of cpsv is encoded by rna 2 and describe its subcellular distribution. upon transient expression in nicotiana benthamiana epidermal cells the 54k protein, and also its 54k ... | 2013 | 23602594 |
| suppression of plant defense responses by extracellular metabolites from pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci in nicotiana benthamiana. | pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci (pstab) is the causal agent of wildfire disease in tobacco plants. several pathovars of pseudomonas syringae produce a phytotoxic extracellular metabolite called coronatine (cor). cor has been shown to suppress plant defense responses. interestingly, pstab does not produce cor but still actively suppresses early plant defense responses. it is not clear if pstab produces any extracellular metabolites that actively suppress early defense during bacterial pathogenesi ... | 2013 | 23597256 |
| a nuclear localization for avr2 from fusarium oxysporum is required to activate the tomato resistance protein i-2. | plant pathogens secrete effector proteins to promote host colonization. during infection of tomato xylem vessels, fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (fol) secretes the avr2 effector protein. besides being a virulence factor, avr2 is recognized intracellularly by the tomato i-2 resistance protein, resulting in the induction of host defenses. here, we show that avr2 is highly expressed in root- and xylem-colonizing hyphae three days post inoculation of roots. co-expression of i-2 with avr2 dele ... | 2013 | 23596453 |
| the phytophthora sojae avr1d gene encodes an rxlr-deer effector with presence and absence polymorphisms among pathogen strains. | soybean root and stem rot is caused by the oomycete pathogen phytophthora sojae. the interaction between p. sojae and soybean fits the "gene-for-gene" hypothesis. although more than 10 p. sojae avirulence (avr) effectors have been genetically identified, nearly half of genetically defined avr genes have been cloned. in a previous bioinformatic and global transcriptional analysis, we identified a p. sojae rxlr effector, avr1d, which was 125 amino acids in length. mapping data demonstrated that av ... | 2013 | 23594349 |
| the phytophthora parasitica rxlr effector penetration-specific effector 1 favours arabidopsis thaliana infection by interfering with auxin physiology. | pathogenic oomycetes have evolved rxlr effectors to thwart plant defense mechanisms and invade host tissues. we analysed the function of one of these effectors (penetration-specific effector 1 (pse1)) whose transcript is transiently accumulated during penetration of host roots by the oomycete phytophthora parasitica. expression of pse1 protein in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum and nicotiana benthamiana) leaves and in arabidopsis thaliana plants was used to assess the role of this effector in plant p ... | 2013 | 23594295 |
| arabidopsis 3-ketoacyl-coenzyme a synthase9 is involved in the synthesis of tetracosanoic acids as precursors of cuticular waxes, suberins, sphingolipids, and phospholipids. | very-long-chain fatty acids (vlcfas) with chain lengths from 20 to 34 carbons are involved in diverse biological functions such as membrane constituents, a surface barrier, and seed storage compounds. the first step in vlcfa biosynthesis is the condensation of two carbons to an acyl-coenzyme a, which is catalyzed by 3-ketoacyl-coenzyme a synthase (kcs). in this study, amino acid sequence homology and the messenger rna expression patterns of 21 arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) kcss were compare ... | 2013 | 23585652 |
| transient expression of vp2 in nicotiana benthamiana and its use as a plant-based vaccine against infectious bursal disease virus. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) is the etiological agent of an immunosuppressive and highly contagious disease that affects young birds. this disease causes important economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. the vp2 protein has been used for the development of subunit vaccines in a variety of heterologous platforms. in this context, the aim of this study was to investigate vp2 expression and immunogenicity using an experimental plant-based vaccine against ibdv. we determined tha ... | 2013 | 23583894 |
| how can plant virus satellite rnas alter the effects of plant virus infection? a study of the changes in the nicotiana benthamiana proteome after infection by peanut stunt virus in the presence or absence of its satellite rna. | peanut stunt virus (psv), which belongs to the cucumovirus genus, is a pathogen of legumes. certain psv strains associated with a satellite rna (satrna) modify the symptoms of infected plants and interfere with plant metabolism. we used psv-p genomic transcripts (gts) with and without psv-p satrna and a comparative proteomic 2d-dige/ms study to assess their effects on nicotiana benthamiana infection. when the proteomes of the psv-p genomic transcripts-infected (no satrna present) and mock-inocul ... | 2013 | 23580405 |
| expression in tobacco and purification of beak and feather disease virus capsid protein fused to elastin-like polypeptides. | psittacine beak and feather disease, caused by beak and feather disease virus (bfdv), is a threat to endangered psittacine species. there is currently no vaccine against bfdv, which necessitates the development of safe and affordable vaccine candidates. a subunit vaccine based on bfdv capsid protein (cp), the major antigenic determinant, expressed in the inexpensive and highly scalable plant expression system could satisfy these requirements. full-length cp and a truncated cp (δn40 cp) were tran ... | 2013 | 23578703 |
| enhancement of rna-directed dna methylation of a transgene by simultaneously downregulating a ros1 ortholog using a virus vector in nicotiana benthamiana. | cytosine methylation can be induced by double-stranded rnas through the rna-directed dna methylation (rddm) pathway. a dna glycosylase repressor of silencing 1 (ros1) participates in dna demethylation in arabidopsis and may possibly counteract rddm. here, we isolated an ortholog of ros1 (nbros1) from nicotiana benthamiana and examined the antagonistic activity of nbros1 against virus-induced rddm by simultaneously inducing rddm and nbros1 knockdown using a vector based on cucumber mosaic virus. ... | 2013 | 23565118 |
| autophagy contributes to leaf starch degradation. | transitory starch, a major photosynthetic product in the leaves of land plants, accumulates in chloroplasts during the day and is hydrolyzed to maltose and glc at night to support respiration and metabolism. previous studies in arabidopsis thaliana indicated that the degradation of transitory starch only occurs in the chloroplasts. here, we report that autophagy, a nonplastidial process, participates in leaf starch degradation. excessive starch accumulation was observed in nicotiana benthamiana ... | 2013 | 23564204 |
| molecular characterization of nbeh1 and nbeh2, two epoxide hydrolases from nicotiana benthamiana. | plant epoxide hydrolases (eh) form two major clades, named eh1 and eh2. to gain a better understanding of the biochemical roles of the two classes, nbeh1.1 and nbeh2.1 were isolated from nicotiana benthamiana and steh from potato and heterologously expressed in escherichia coli. the purified recombinant proteins were assayed with a variety of substrates. nbeh1.1 only accepted some aromatic epoxides, and displayed the highest enzyme activity towards phenyl glycidyl ether. in contrast, nbeh2.1 dis ... | 2013 | 23562372 |
| citrus leaf blotch virus invades meristematic regions in nicotiana benthamiana and citrus. | to invade systemically host plants, viruses need to replicate in the infected cells, spread to neighbouring cells through plasmodesmata and move to distal parts of the plant via sieve tubes to start new infection foci. to monitor the infection of nicotiana benthamiana plants by citrus leaf blotch virus (clbv), leaves were agroinoculated with an infectious cdna clone of the clbv genomic rna expressing green fluorescent protein (gfp) under the transcriptional control of a duplicate promoter of the ... | 2013 | 23560714 |
| de novo transcriptome sequence assembly and analysis of rna silencing genes of nicotiana benthamiana. | nicotiana benthamiana has been widely used for transient gene expression assays and as a model plant in the study of plant-microbe interactions, lipid engineering and rna silencing pathways. assembling the sequence of its transcriptome provides information that, in conjunction with the genome sequence, will facilitate gaining insight into the plant's capacity for high-level transient transgene expression, generation of mobile gene silencing signals, and hyper-susceptibility to viral infection. | 2013 | 23555698 |
| a new virus-induced gene silencing vector based on euphorbia mosaic virus-yucatan peninsula for npr1 silencing in nicotiana benthamiana and capsicum annuum var. anaheim. | virus-induced gene silencing is based on the sequence-specific degradation of rna. here, a gene silencing vector derived from eumv-yp, named peumv-yp:δav1, was used to silence chli and npr1 genes in nicotiana benthamiana. the silencing of the chli transcripts was efficient in the stems, petioles and leaves as reflected in tissue bleaching and reduced transcript levels. the silencing was stable, reaching the flowers and fruits, and was observed throughout the life cycle of the plants. additionall ... | 2013 | 23546940 |
| the triple gene block movement proteins of a grape virus in the genus foveavirus confer limited cell-to-cell spread of a mutant potato virus x. | grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (grspav) is a member of the genus foveavirus in the family betaflexiviridae. the genome of grspav encodes five proteins, among which are three movement proteins designated the triple gene block (tgb) proteins. the tgb proteins of grspav are highly similar to their counterparts in potato virus x (pvx), as reflected in size, modular structure, conservation of critical amino acid sequence motifs, as well as similar cellular localization. based on th ... | 2013 | 23543158 |
| sugar promotes vegetative phase change in arabidopsis thaliana by repressing the expression of mir156a and mir156c. | nutrients shape the growth, maturation, and aging of plants and animals. in plants, the juvenile to adult transition (vegetative phase change) is initiated by a decrease in mir156. in arabidopsis, we found that exogenous sugar decreased the abundance of mir156, whereas reduced photosynthesis increased the level of this mirna. this effect was correlated with a change in the timing of vegetative phase change, and was primarily attributable to a change in the expression of two genes, mir156a and mi ... | 2013 | 23538384 |
| identification and characterisation crn effectors in phytophthora capsici shows modularity and functional diversity. | phytophthora species secrete a large array of effectors during infection of their host plants. the crinkler (crn) gene family encodes a ubiquitous but understudied class of effectors with possible but as of yet unknown roles in infection. to appreciate crn effector function in phytophthora, we devised a simple crn gene identification and annotation pipeline to improve effector prediction rates. we predicted 84 full-length crn coding genes and assessed crn effector domain diversity in sequenced o ... | 2013 | 23536880 |
| the tobamovirus turnip vein clearing virus 30-kilodalton movement protein localizes to novel nuclear filaments to enhance virus infection. | plant viruses overcome the barrier of the plant cell wall by encoding cell-to-cell movement proteins (mps), which direct newly replicated viral genomes to, and across, the wall. the paradigm for how a single mp regulates and coordinates these activities is the tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) 30-kda protein (mp(tmv)). detailed studies demonstrate that tmv multiplies exclusively in the cytoplasm and have documented associations of mp(tmv) with endoplasmic reticulum (er) membrane, microtubules, and plas ... | 2013 | 23536678 |
| identification of host proteins modulated by the virulence factor ac2 of tomato chlorotic mottle virus in nicotiana benthamiana. | tomato, one of the most important crops cultivated worldwide, has been severely affected by begomoviruses such as the tomato chlorotic mottle virus (tocmov). virulence factor ac2 is considered crucial for a successful virus-plant interaction and is known to act as a transcriptional activator and in some begomoviruses to function as an rna silencing suppressor factor. however, the exact functions of the ac2 protein of the begomovirus tocmov are not yet established. the aim of the present study wa ... | 2013 | 23533094 |