Publications

neutralizing immunogenicity of transgenic carrot (daucus carota l.)-derived measles virus hemagglutinin.	although edible vaccines seem to be feasible, antigens of human pathogens have mostly been expressed in plants that are not attractive for human consumption (such as potatoes) unless they are cooked. boiling may reduce the immunogenicity of many antigens. more recently, the technology to transform fruit and vegetable plants have become perfected. we transformed carrot plants with agrobacterium tumefaciens to generate plants (which can be eaten raw) transgenic for an immunodominant antigen of the ...	2003	12650613
cryopreservation of carrot (daucus carota l.) cell suspensions and protoplasts by vitrification.	carrot cell suspensions and protoplasts were successfully cryopreserved by vitrification. cells were precultured in liquid murashige and skoog medium containing 0.175 m sucrose for 3 d and then in liquid ms medium containing 0.4 m sorbitol for 1 d. after loading of the precultured carrot cells in 25 % pvs2 at room temperature for 5 min and treatment with 100 % pvs2 at 0 degrees c for 7.5 min, they were quenched in liquid nitrogen. optimal survival was 83.3 % (based on the triphenyl tetrazolium c ...	2006	12644854
root factors induce mitochondrial-related gene expression and fungal respiration during the developmental switch from asymbiosis to presymbiosis in the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus gigaspora rosea.	during spore germination, arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi show limited hyphal development in the absence of a host plant (asymbiotic). in the presence of root exudates, they switch to a new developmental stage (presymbiotic) characterized by extensive hyphal branching. presymbiotic branching of the am fungus gigaspora rosea was induced in liquid medium by a semipurified exudate fraction from carrot (daucus carota) root organ cultures. changes in rna accumulation patterns were monitored by diff ...	2003	12644696
characterization of citrate transport through the plasma membrane in a carrot mutant cell line with enhanced citrate excretion.	the superior ability of citrate excretion in a carrot (daucus carota l.) mutant cell line, namely ipg (insoluble phosphate grower) [takita et al. (1999a) plant cell physiol. 40: 489] cells has been characterized in terms of citrate transport at the plasma membrane. ipg cells released about a 20-fold increase in citrate in comparison with malate, while the concentration of malate was only 35% lower than that of citrate in the cell sap. citrate excretion was sensitive to anion channel blockers, su ...	2003	12610218
isolation and functional analysis of the 5'-flanking region of carrot top1beta gene coding for the beta isoform of dna topoisomerase i.	we have isolated and functionally characterized the promoter region of the top1beta gene encoding carrot (daucus carota) dna topoisomerase ibeta. the major transcription start site was mapped by primer extension analysis 164 nt upstream the atg translation start codon. sequence analysis of the 5'-upstream region of the gene revealed the presence of a canonical tata-like box at position -35 bp and several cis-acting sequences, including a (ct)n element in the leader region of the gene, a myb-rela ...	2003	12531479
cytokinins: new apoptotic inducers in plants.	high concentrations of cytokinins block cell proliferation and induce programmed cell death (pcd) in both carrot ( daucus carota l.) and arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. cell cultures [13 and 27 micro m n(6)-benzylaminopurine (bap), respectively]. in the present work, cell death was scored by evan's blue staining and was also demonstrated to be programmed by various parameters, including chromatin condensation, oligonucleosomal dna degradation (laddering), and release of cytochrome c from mitoch ...	2003	12520332
influence of saline irrigation on growth, ion accumulation and partitioning, and leaf gas exchange of carrot (daucus carota l.).	like those of many horticultural crop species, the growth and leaf gas exchange responses of carrot (daucus carota l.) to salinity are poorly understood. in this study ion accumulation in root tissues (periderm, xylem and phloem tissues) and in leaves of different ages was assessed for carrot plants grown in the field with a low level of salinity (5.8 mm na(+) and 7.5 mm cl(-)) and in a glasshouse with salinity ranging from 1-80 mm. at low levels of salinity (1-7.5 mm), in both the field and gla ...	2002	12451027
phosphorus effects on metabolic processes in monoxenic arbuscular mycorrhiza cultures.	the influence of external phosphorus (p) on carbon (c) allocation and metabolism as well as processes related to p metabolism was studied in monoxenic arbuscular mycorrhiza cultures of carrot (daucus carota). fungal hyphae of glomus intraradices proliferated from the solid minimal medium containing the colonized roots into c-free liquid minimal medium with different p treatments. the fungus formed around three times higher biomass in p-free liquid medium than in medium with 2.5 mm inorganic p (h ...	2002	12427983
screening seeds of scottish plants for antibacterial activity.	based on ethnopharmacological and taxonomic information, seeds of 21 scottish plant species from 14 different families were obtained from authentic seed suppliers. their n-hexane, dichloromethane and methanol extracts were assessed for antibacterial activity against 11 pathogenic bacterial species. methanol extracts of 11 plant species showed significant antibacterial activity. malva moschata and prunus padus were active against five bacterial species, reseda lutea against four, centaurium eryth ...	2002	12413709
potyviruses, novel and known, in cultivated and wild species of the family apiaceae in australia.	three potyviruses were identified by gene sequencing and found to be widespread in species of apiaceae in australia. only celery mosaic virus was found in celery crops and in one of 180 specimens of feral carrot ( daucus carota). another related but distinct novel potyvirus, carrot virus y, was the only virus found in carrot crops and all except one feral carrot. a more distantly related novel potyvirus, apium virus y, was found in plants of sea celery ( apium prostratum), cultivated parsley ( p ...	2002	12376749
soil-to-root transfer and translocation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by vegetables grown on industrial contaminated soils.	polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) are possible contaminants in some former industrial sites, representing a potential risk to human health if these sites are converted to residential areas. this work was conducted to determine whether pahs present in contaminated soils are transferred to edible parts of selected vegetables. soils were sampled from a former gasworks and a private garden, exhibiting a range of pah concentrations (4 to 53 to 172 to 1263 and 2526 mg pahs kg-1 of dry soil), and ...	2002	12371182
molecular cloning and cytochemical analysis of exopolygalacturonase from carrot.	exopolygalacturonase (exo-pgase, ec 3.2.1.67) attacks the non-reducing terminus of the polygalacturonic acid in pectic molecules, releasing galacturonic acid. we cloned the cdna of exo-pgase purified from cell homogenates of suspension-cultured carrot ( daucus carota l. cv. kintoki) cells. the nucleotide sequence of the cdna (1.4 kb) contains an open reading frame that encodes a 391-amino-acid polypeptide. sequence homology research showed 97.9% identity to the glycoprotein ep4 obtained from cul ...	2002	12244438
fourier-transform raman and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (an investigation of five higher plant cell walls and their components).	infrared and raman spectra of sequentially extracted primary cell walls and their pectic polymers were obtained from five angiosperm plants. fourier-transform raman spectrometry was shown to be a powerful tool for the investigation of primary cell-wall architecture at a molecular level, providing complementary information to that obtained by fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy. the use of an extraction procedure using imidazole instead of cyclohexane trans-1,2-n,n,n[prime],n[prime]-diam ...	1994	12232436
ammonium assimilation and the role of [gamma]-aminobutyric acid in ph homeostasis in carrot cell suspensions.	in vivo 15n nmr spectroscopy was used to monitor the assimilation of ammonium by cell-suspension cultures of carrot (daucus carota l. cv chantenay). the cell suspensions were supplied with oxygen in the form of either pure oxygen ("oxygenated cells") or air ("aerated cells"). in contrast to oxygenated cells, in which ammonium assimilation had no effect on cytoplasmic ph, ammonium assimilation by aerated cells caused a decrease in cytoplasmic ph of almost 0.2 ph unit. this led to a change in nitr ...	1994	12232346
the metabolites of the herbicide l-phosphinothricin (glufosinate) (identification, stability, and mobility in transgenic, herbicide-resistant, and untransformed plants).	the metabolism of the herbicide l-phosphinothricin (l-pt) was analyzed in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum), alfalfa (medicago sativa), and carrot (daucus carota). in transgenic, pt-resistant plants expressing the pt-n-acetyltransferase gene (pat), l-pt was acetylated, resulting in two forms of n-acetyl-pt (ac-pt). in transgenic plants expressing only low pat-encoded acetylating activity as well as in genetically unmodified plants, three metabolic compounds 4-methylphosphinico-2-oxo-butanoic acid, 3-m ...	1994	12232195
apparent role of phosphatidylcholine in the metabolism of petroselinic acid in developing umbelliferae endosperm.	studies were conducted to characterize the metabolism of the unusual fatty acid petroselinic acid (18:1cis[delta]6) in developing endosperm of the umbelliferae species coriander (coriandrum sativum l.) and carrot (daucus carota l.). analyses of fatty acid compositions of glycerolipids of these tissues revealed a dissimilar distribution of petroselinic acid in triacylglycerols (tag) and the major polar lipids phosphatidylcholine (pc) and phosphatidylethanolamine (pe). petroselinic acid comprised ...	1994	12232131
xyloglucan endotransglycosylase activity in carrot cell suspensions during cell elongation and somatic embryogenesis.	xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (xet) has been proposed to contribute to cell elongation through wall loosening. to explore this relationship further, we assayed this enzyme activity in suspensions of carrot (daucus carota l.) cells exhibiting various rates of cell elongation. in one cell line, elongation was induced by dilution into dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d)-free medium. during this elongation, 93% of the xet activity was found in the culture medium; in nonelongating controls, by contr ...	1993	12231995
calcium levels affect the ability to immunolocalize calmodulin to cortical microtubules.	calcium affects the stability of cortical microtubules (mts) in lysed protoplasts. this calmodulin (cam)-mediated interaction may provide a mechanism that serves to integrate cellular behavior with mt function. to test the hypothesis that cam associates with these mts, monoclonal antibodies were produced against cam, and one (designated mab1d10) was selected for its suitability as an immunocytochemical reagent. it is shown that cam associates with the cortical mts of cultured carrot (daucus caro ...	1993	12231960
elicitor-induced changes in ca2+ influx, k+ efflux, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid synthesis in protoplasts of daucus carota l.	suspension-cultured carrot cells (daucus carota) and their protoplasts respond to a fungal elicitor prepared from the culture medium of pythium aphanidermatum by accumulating 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-hba). protoplasts release the compound into the culture medium. using 45cacl2 as a tracer, we were able to demonstrate that the secretion of 4-hba is preceded by a rapid increase in the ca2+ influx and a concomitant k+ efflux. if the increased ca2+ influx was prevented by ethyleneglycol-bis([beta]-a ...	1993	12231948
a novel hydroxyproline-deficient arabinogalactan protein secreted by suspension-cultured cells of daucus carota (purification and partial characterization).	arabinogalactan proteins (agps) are secreted or membrane-associated glycoproteins that have been operationally defined as binding to [beta]-glucosyl yariv artificial antigen, being rich in arabinose and galactose, and containing high levels of alanine, serine, and hydroxyproline. using an anti-agp monoclonal antibody (mac 207) bound to cyanogen bromide-activated sepharose 4b, we have purified by immunoaffinity chromatography an extracellular agp from the culture medium of suspension-cultured cel ...	1993	12231918
a plasma membrane-type ca2+-atpase of 120 kilodaltons on the endoplasmic reticulum from carrot (daucus carota) cells (properties of the phosphorylated intermediate).	cytosolic ca2+ levels are regulated in part by ca2+-pumping atpases that export ca2+ from the cytoplasm; however, the types and properties of ca2+ pumps in plants are not well understood. we have characterized the kinetic properties of a 120-kd phosphoenzyme (pe) intermediate formed during the reaction cycle of a ca2+-atpase from suspension-cultured carrot (daucus carota) cells. only one ca2+-dependent phosphoprotein was formed when carrot membrane vesicles were incubated with [[gamma]-32p]atp ( ...	1993	12231855
effect of intracellular glutathione level on the production of 6-methoxymellein in cultured carrot (daucus carota) cells.	to produce phytoalexin, 6-methoxymellein (6-mm) was induced in suspension cultures of carrot (daucus carota) by buthionine sulfoximine (bso) and cucl2. addition of bso (a specific inhibitor of glutathione [gsh] synthesis) to the cultures lowered the cellular gsh levels. this depletion of gsh was bso-concentration dependent, and the extent of 6-mm accumulation was dependent on the gsh depletion. the accumulation of 6-mm induced by bso was suppressed by exogenous gsh. exogenous h2o2 stimulated the ...	1993	12231796
increased putrescine biosynthesis through transfer of mouse ornithine decarboxylase cdna in carrot promotes somatic embryogenesis.	carrot (daucus carota l.) cells were transformed with agrobacterium tumefaciens strains containing 3[prime]-truncated mouse ornithine decarboxylase (odc) cdna under the control of a cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. a neomycin phosphotransferase gene linked with a nopaline synthase promoter was used to select transformed cell lines on kanamycin. although the nontransformed cells contained no odc, high amounts of mouse-specific odc activity were observed in the transformed cells. transgenic ...	1995	12228581
heat shock disrupts cap and poly(a) tail function during translation and increases mrna stability of introduced reporter mrna.	the effect of heat shock on translational efficiency and message stability of a reporter mrna was examined in carrot (daucus carota). heat shock of short duration resulted in an increase in protein yield, whereas repression was observed following extended exposure to the stress. regardless of the duration of the heat shock, a loss in the function of the 5[prime] cap [m7g(5[prime])ppp(5[prime])n, where n represents any nucleotide] and the 3[prime] poly(a) tail, two regulatory elements that work i ...	1995	12228574
purification and characterization of a soluble phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase from carrot suspension culture cells.	previously we reported the presence of a soluble phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (pi 4-kinase) in carrot (daucus carota l.) suspension culture cells (c.m. okpodu, w. gross, w.f. boss [1990] plant physiol 93: s-63). we have purified the enzyme over 1000-fold using q-sepharose ion exchange, hydroxylapatite, and g-100 gel filtration column chromatography. the mr of the enzyme was estimated to be 83,000 by gel filtration. pi 4-kinase activity was recovered after renaturation of the 80-kd region of pol ...	1995	12228376
glycerophosphocholine metabolism in higher plant cells. evidence of a new glyceryl-phosphodiester phosphodiesterase.	glycerophosphocholine (gropcho) is a diester that accumulates in different physiological processes leading to phospholipid remodeling. however, very little is known about its metabolism in higher plant cells. (31)p-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and biochemical analyses performed on carrot (daucus carota) cells fed with gropcho revealed the existence of an extracellular gropcho phosphodiesterase. this enzymatic activity splits gropcho into sn-glycerol-3-phosphate and free choline. in vi ...	2002	12226504
evidence for opposing effects of calmodulin on cortical microtubules.	microtubule integrity within the cortical array was visualized in detergent-lysed carrot (daucus carota l.) protoplasts that were exposed to various exogenous levels of ca2+ and calmodulin (cam). cam appears to help stabilize cortical microtubules against the destabilizing action of ca2+/cam complexes at low ca2+ concentrations, but not at higher ca2+ concentrations. the hypothesis that cam interacts with microtubules at two different sites, determined by the concentration of ca2+, is supported ...	1996	12226434
the effects of exogenous auxins on endogenous indole-3-acetic acid metabolism (the implications for carrot somatic embryogenesis).	the effect of auxin application on auxin metabolism was investigated in excised hypocotyl cultures of carrot (daucus carota). concentrations of both free and conjugated indole-3-acetic acid (iaa), [2h4]iaa, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and naphthaleneacetic acid (naa) were measured by mass spectroscopy using stable-isotope-labeled internal standards. [13c1]naa was synthesized for this purpose, thus extending the range of auxins that can be assayed by stable-isotope techniques. 2,4-dichlorophe ...	1996	12226408
characterization of membrane properties in desiccation-tolerant and -intolerant carrot somatic embryos.	in previous studies, we have shown that carrot (daucus carota l.) somatic embryos acquire complete desiccation tolerance when they are treated with abscisic acid during culture and subsequently dried slowly. with this manipulable system at hand, we have assessed damage associated with desiccation intolerance. fast drying caused loss of viability, and all k+ and carbohydrates leached from the somatic embryos within 5 min of imbibition. the phospholipid content decreased by about 20%, and the free ...	1996	12226295
a g-box-binding protein from soybean binds to the e1 auxin-response element in the soybean gh3 promoter and contains a proline-rich repression domain.	the e1 promoter fragment (-249 to -203) is one of three auxin-response elements (auxres) in the soybean (glycine max l.) gh3 promoter (z.-b. liu, t. ulmasov, x. shi, g. hagen, t.j. guilfoyle [1994] plant cell 6: 645-657). results presented here further characterize and delimit the auxre within the e1 fragment. the e1 fragment functioned as an auxre in transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) plants, as well as in transfected protoplasts. the auxre within e1 contains a g-box, and this g-box was ...	1997	12223815
distinction between endoplasmic reticulum-type and plasma membrane-type ca2+ pumps (partial purification of a 120-kilodalton ca2+-atpase from endomembranes).	two biochemical types of ca2+-pumping atpases were distinguished in membranes that were isolated from carrot (daucus carota) suspension-cultured cells. one type hydrolyzed gtp nearly as well as atp, was stimulated by calmodulin, and was resistant to cyclopiazonic acid. this plasma membrane (pm)-type pump was associated with pms and endomembranes, including vacuolar membranes and the endoplasmic reticulum (er). another pump ("er-type") that was associated mainly with the er hydrolyzed atp prefere ...	1997	12223624
polyamines and pectins (i. ion exchange and selectivity).	the ion-binding and -exchange properties of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine on purified walls of carrot (daucus carota l.) cell suspensions were investigated by producing ion-exchange isotherms and comparing them with the behavior of na+, mg2+, and ca2+. the cation exchange capacity of the carrot cell walls was 0.8 equivalent kg-1 dry matter, and the ionic selectivity sequence of the walls for polyamines followed the sequence spermine4+ > spermidine3+ [almost equal to] ca2+ > putrescine2+. ...	1997	12223613
[effect of blanching and hygroscopic coating on quality of fresh cut carrots (daucus carota var. chantenay) during storage].	the effect of blanching at low temperatures (solution 1% acid citric, 50 degrees c for 30 seconds) and the application of glycerol as humectant (3% p/p, 20 seconds) to preserve the quality of fresh-cut carrots (daucus carota) were studied as individual or combined treatments. four treatments were evaluated: a control by dipping samples for 30 seconds in distilled water (t1); blanching (t2); glycerol application (t3); and blanching plus glycerol application (t4). total carotenoids content, color, ...	2002	12184154
a cell wall protein down-regulated by auxin suppresses cell expansion in daucus carota (l.).	we investigated the function of the auxin-regulated cell wall gene dc 2.15, a member of a small gene family, present in daucus carota (l.) and other plants. cultured cells derived from carrot hypocotyls transformed by the dc 2.15 cdna in antisense direction were ten-fold longer than wild-type cells, indicating a function of the corresponding protein in suppression of cell expansion. the analysis of carrot plants expressing the dc2.15 gene in antisense direction showed that the corresponding prot ...	2002	12175021
pest-managing efficacy of trans-asarone isolated from daucus carota l. seeds.	the bioactive hexane extract of daucus carota seed yielded 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde (1), oleic acid (2), trans-asarone (3), and geraniol (4). compounds 1-4 were evaluated for their mosquitocidal, nematicidal, antifeedant, and antimicrobial activities. only trans-asarone was active in the assays performed, causing 100% mortality to fourth-instar mosquito larvae, aedes aegyptii, at 200 microg ml(-1) and the nematodes caenorhabditis elegans and panagrellus redivivus at 100 microg ml(-1). in fee ...	2002	12137463
peroxynitrite scavenging activity of herb extracts.	peroxynitrite (onoo(-)) is a cytotoxicant with strong oxidizing properties toward various cellular constituents, including sulphydryls, lipids, amino acids and nucleotides and can cause cell death, lipid peroxidation, carcinogenesis and aging. the aim of this study was to characterize onoo(-) scavenging constituents from herbs. twenty-eight herbs were screened for their onoo(-) scavenging activities with the use of a fluorometric method. the potency of scavenging activity following the addition ...	2002	12112294
monitoring urban air particulate matter (fractions pm 2.5 and pm 10) genotoxicity by plant systems and human cells in vitro: a comparative analysis.	increased incidence of mortality and sickness due to cardiopulmonary complications has been associated with elevated levels of urban air particles (uap), with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 microm (pm 10) and 2.5 microm (pm 2.5). in the present report alternative plant systems and human cells in vitro are associated with human hazard and genotoxic risk assessment of uap. the genotoxic activities associated with the coarse (pm 10) and the fine fraction (pm 2.5) of airborne particulates have been a ...	2002	12111711
molecular cloning and in situ hybridization of alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase from carrot cells.	the cdna of extracellular alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase (alpha-l-afase, ec 3.2.1.55) secreted from suspension-cultured carrot cells (daucus carota l. cv. kintoki) was isolated and characterized. the nucleotide sequence of the cdna (2.4 kb) revealed an open reading frame consisting of 655 amino acid residues. sequence homology research showed 28.4% identity to the alpha-l-afase a protein of aspergillus niger. the genomic dna was cloned by pcr, and the nucleotide ligature sequence showed 18 exons an ...	2001	12060285
efficient enantioselective reduction of ketones with daucus carota root.	a novel and efficient reduction of various prochiral ketones such as acetopehones, alpha-azido aryl ketones, beta-ketoesters, and aliphatic acyclic and cyclic ketones to the corresponding optically acive secondary alcohols with moderate to excellent chemical yield was achieved by using daucus carota, root plant cells under extremely mild and environmentally benign conditions in aqueous medium, has been described. many of these optically active alcohols are the potential chiral building blocks fo ...	2002	12027710
harlequin (hlq) and short blue root (sbr), two arabidopsis mutants that ectopically express an abscisic acid- and auxin-inducible transgenic carrot promoter and have pleiotropic effects on morphogenesis.	plant growth and development is regulated by complex interactions among different hormonal, developmental and environmental signalling pathways. isolation of mutants in these processes is a powerful approach to dissect unknown mechanisms in regulatory networks. the plant hormones abscisic acid (aba) and auxin are involved in vegetative, developmental and environmental growth responses, including cell division and elongation, vascular tissue differentiation and stress adaptation. the uida (beta-g ...	2002	12008902
	the contents of sterol derivatives (sterols + esters, glycosides and acylated glycosides) have been determined using thin layer chromatography in leaves and bulky and organs from carrots (daucus carota l.) potato (solanum tuberosum l.), onion (allium cepa l.) two varieties of radish (raphanus sativus l.) and gentiana purpurea l. plants. ether-soluble lipids of leaves contain 2.8-5.2%, those of storage tissue 3.1-8.9% sterol derivatives. the fractionation of lettuce (lactuca sativa l., burpee's r ...	1970	11945480
an auxin surge following fertilization in carrots: a mechanism for regulating plant totipotency.	all plants exhibit the property of cellular totipotency, whereby individual cells can regenerate into an entire organism. however little is known about the underlying mechanisms regulating totipotency. using a preparative microtechnique, we report an 80-fold surge in the concentration of free auxin that is correlated with the initial stages of zygotic embryogenesis in carrots. the concentration of free iaa increases from a basal level of ca. 25 ng/g fw in unfertilized ovules to ca. 2.000 ng/g fw ...	2002	11925033
tolerance and metabolism of phenol and chloroderivatives by hairy root cultures of daucus carota l.	hairy root cultures are shown to be suitable experimental systems to screen higher plants for tolerance to various inorganic and organic pollutants, and for determining the role of the root matrix in the uptake and further metabolism of contaminants. a number of clones were obtained by infection of carrot tissues with agrobacterium rhizogenes and two (the fastest and the slowest growing root clones) were chosen for further experimentation. both clones showed a similar degree of tolerance towards ...	2002	11916048
pectin-bound beta-galactosidase present in cell walls of carrot cells under the different calcium status.	glycosyl-hydrolytic enzymes from suspension-cultured carrot (daucus carota l. cv. kintoki) cells grown in calcium (ca2+)-deficient and normal liquid media were studied after extraction successively by k-phosphate (ph 7.0) and na-acetate (ph 5.2) containing 3 m licl. the same activities were detected in two protein fractions from control and ca2+-deprived cells. the specific activities of alpha-galactosidase and polygalacturonase decreased under ca2+ deprivation, but beta-galactosidase activity i ...	2002	11903968
molecular characterization of a novel protein disulfide isomerase in carrot.	a protein disulfide isomerase (pdi) coding sequence was cloned from a cdna library derived from carrot (daucus carota l.) somatic embryos. the cdna is 2060 bp in length and encodes for a protein of 581 amino acids and molecular weight of 64.4 kda. primary structure analysis of the deduced protein revealed two thioredoxin-like active sites and an endoplasmic reticulum-retention signal at its c-terminus, which is also found in pdis in plants and animals. although between the carrot protein and oth ...	2002	11891063
attachment to roots and virulence of a chvb mutant of agrobacterium tumefaciens are temperature sensitive.	agrobacterium tumefaciens chvb mutants are unable to produce beta-1,2 glucan. they are nonattaching and avirulent and show reduced motility at room temperature. at lower temperatures (16 degrees c), chvb mutants became virulent on bryophyllum daigremontiana and lycopersicon esculentum and were able to attach to l. esculentum, arabidopsis thaliana, daucus carota, and tagetes erecta roots. the mutant bacteria also recovered wild-type motility at lower temperatures. two other nonattaching mutants o ...	2002	11876426
primary phloem-specific expression of a zinnia elegans homeobox gene.	some plant homeobox genes are expressed specifically in vascular cells and are assumed to function in the differentiation of specific types of vascular cells. however, homeobox genes exhibiting primary phloem-specific expression have not been reported. to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of vascular development, we undertook to isolate from zinnia elegans primary phloem-specific homeobox genes that may function in phloem development. an hd-zip type homeobox gene, zehb3, was isolated. this gene ...	2001	11726705
redox modulation of the activity of dna topoisomerase i from carrot (daucus carota) mitochondria.		2006	11712157
a novel protein elicitor (panie) from pythium aphanidermatum induces multiple defense responses in carrot, arabidopsis, and tobacco.	a novel protein elicitor (panie(234)) from pythium aphanidermatum (edson) fitzp. was purified, microsequenced, and the corresponding cdna was cloned. the deduced amino acid sequence contains a putative eukaryotic secretion signal with a proteinase cleavage site. the heterologously expressed elicitor protein without the secretion signal of 21 amino acids (panie(213)) triggered programmed cell death and de novo formation of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in cultured cells of carrot (daucus carota). program ...	2001	11706166
solubilized proteins from carrot (daucus carota l.) membranes bind calcium channel blockers and form calcium-permeable ion channels.	calcium channels have been suggested to play a major role in the initiation of a large number of signal transduction processes in higher plant cells. however, molecular components of higher plant ca2+ channels remain unidentified to date. calcium channel blockers of the phenylalkylamine family and bepridil specifically inhibit ca2+ influx into carrot (daucus carota l.) cells. by using a phenylalkylamine azido derivative, a 75-kda carrot membrane protein has been previously identified. here we ha ...	1993	11607356
seed reserve-dependent growth responses to temperature and water potential in carrot (daucus carota l.).	both temperature and soil moisture vary greatly in the surface layers of the soil through which seedlings grow following germination. the work presented studied the impact of these environmental variables on post-germination carrot growth to nominal seedling emergence. the rapid pre-crook downward growth of both the hypocotyl and root was consistent with their requirement for establishment in soil drying from the surface. at all temperatures, both hypocotyl and root growth rates decreased as wat ...	2001	11604458
quantitative analysis of aroma compounds in carrot (daucus carota l.) cultivars by capillary gas chromatography using large-volume injection technique.	dynamic headspace sampling was used to collect aroma compounds from raw samples of four carrot (daucus carota l.) cultivars (brasilia, duke, fancy, and cortez). the collected volatiles were analyzed by capillary gc-fid and gc-ms using large-volume cool on-column injection (lvi-coc). of the 36 compounds identified, 6 had not been previously detected in carrots. significant differences between the carrot cultivars were found for 31 of the identified volatiles as well as for total monoterpenes, ses ...	2001	11559135
somatic embryogenesis of carrot in hormone-free medium: external ph control over morphogenesis.	cultures of preglobular stage proembryos (pgsps) were initiated from mechanically wounded mature zygotic embryos of carrot, daucus carota, on a hormone-free, semisolid medium. these pgsps have been maintained and multiplied for extended periods without their progression into later embryo stages on the same hormone-free medium containing 1 mm nh4+ as the sole nitrogen source. sustained maintenance of cultures comprised exclusively of pgsps was dependent on medium ph throughout the culture period. ...	1990	11541515
the effect of exposure to microgravity on the development and structural organisation of plant protoplasts flown on biokosmos 9.	preparatory experiments for the iml-1 (international microgravity laboratory) mission to be flown on the space shuttle in january, 1992, were performed on a 14 day flight on biokosmos 9 (kosmos 2044) in september 1989. the purpose of the experiment was to study the effect of weightlessness on protoplast regeneration. problems with late access to the space vehicle meant that the newly isolated protoplasts from hypocotyl cells of rapeseed (brassica napus l. cv niklas) and suspension cultures of ca ...	1992	11541143
release of somatic embryogenic potential from excised zygotic embryos of carrot and maintenance of proembryonic cultures in hormone-free medium.	excised zygotic embryos, mericarps ("seeds") and hypocotyls of seedlings of cultivated carrot daucus carota cv. scarlet nantes were evaluated for their ability to generate somatic embryos on a semisolid hormone-free nutrient medium. neither intact zygotic embryos nor hypocotyls ever produced somatic embryos. however, mericarps and broken zygotic embryos were excellent sources for somatic embryo production (response levels as high as 86%). somatic embryo formation was highest from cotyledons, but ...	1989	11540921
thioredoxin and nadp-thioredoxin reductase from cultured carrot cells.	dark-grown carrot (daucus carota l.) tissue cultures were found to contain both protein components of the nadp/thioredoxin system--nadp-thioredoxin reductase and the thioredoxin characteristic of heterotrophic systems, thioredoxin h. thioredoxin h was purified to apparent homogeneity and, like typical bacterial counterparts, was a 12-kdalton (kda) acidic protein capable of activating chloroplast nadp-malate dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.82) more effectively than fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (ec 3.1.3.1 ...	1987	11539727
low external ph replaces 2,4-d in maintaining and multiplying 2,4-d-initiated embryogenic cells of carrot.	a mixed culture comprised of both embryonic globules and nonembryogenic callus was derived from seedling hypocotyls of daucus carota cv. scarlet nantes on 2,4-d- containing medium using well-established methods. then the mixed cultures were transferred to, and serially subcultured on, a hormone-free medium near ph 4. the medium contained 1 mm nh4+ as the sole nitrogen source. when cultured in this way, embryonic globules were able to multiply without development into later embryo stages. nonembr ...	1990	11537852
structural and functional organisation of regenerated plant protoplasts exposed to microgravity on biokosmos 9.	preparatory experiments for the iml-1 mission using plant protoplasts, were flown on a 14-day flight on biokosmos 9 in september 1989. thirty-six hours before launch of the biosatellite, protoplasts were isolated from hypocotyl cells of rapeseed (brassica napus) and suspension cultures of carrot (daucus carota). ultrastructural and fluorescence analysis of cell aggregates from these protoplasts, cultured under microgravity conditions, have been performed. in the flight samples as well as in the ...	1992	11536948
expression pattern of the arabidopsis thaliana atep3/atchitiv endochitinase gene.	the carrot (daucus carota l.) ep3 chitinase was shown to be essential for somatic embryo formation in a carrot mutant cell line. we identified the arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. ortholog of the carrot ep3-3 chitinase gene, designated as atep3/atchitiv and analyzed its expression in arabidopsis by means of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and promoter::beta-glucuronidase and luciferase fusions. as in carrot, the gene is expressed during somatic embryogenesis in "nursing" cells su ...	2001	11525512
influence of plant growth on degradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate in sludge-amended soil.	widespread application of sewage sludge to agricultural soils in denmark has led to concern about the possible accumulation and effects of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (las) in the soil ecosystem. therefore, we have studied the uptake and degradation of las in greenhouse pot experiments. sewage sludge was incorporated into a sandy soil to give a range from very low to very high applications (0.4 to 90 mg dry wt. ha(-1)). in addition, las was added as water solutions. the soil was transferred to ...	2006	11476504
effect of the tetrapeptide rgds on somatic embryogenesis in daucus carota.	the present work examines the requirement for rgd-binding sites, such as those in the plasma membrane protein integrin during somatic embryogenesis in carrot (daucus carota l. cv. scarlet nantes). it is possible to assay for this requirement by competitively inhibiting binding of the site to the natural rgd-containing ligand by adding an excess of synthetic rgds. we found that treatment of carrot callus cultures with rgds (2.7 mm) inhibited the development of a normal shoot pole in carrot somati ...	2001	11473718
a novel k+ channel expressed in carrot roots with a low susceptibility toward metal ions.	kdc1 is a novel k+-channel gene cloned from carrot roots, and which is also present in cultured carrot cells. we investigated the characteristics of the ionic current elicited in xenopus oocytes coinjected with kdc1 (k+-daucus carota 1) and kat1 (from arabidopsis thaliana) rna. expressed heteromeric channels displayed inward-rectifying potassium currents whose kinetics, voltage characteristics, and inhibition by metal ions depended on kdc1:kat1 ratios. at low kdc1:kat1 ratios, zn2+ inhibition of ...	2001	11460927
metabolism of the herbicide glufosinate-ammonium in plant cell cultures of transgenic (rhizomania-resistant) and non-transgenic sugarbeet (beta vulgaris), carrot (daucus carota), purple foxglove (digitalis purpurea) and thorn apple (datura stramonium).	the metabolism of the herbicide glufosinate-ammonium was investigated in heterotrophic cell suspension and callus cultures of transgenic (bar-gene) and non-transgenic sugarbeet (beta vulgaris). similar studies were performed with suspensions of carrot (daucus carota), purple foxglove (digitalis purpurea) and thorn apple (datura stramonium). 14c-labelled chemicals were the (racemic) glufosinate, l-glufosinate, and d-glufosinate, as well as the metabolites n-acetyl l-glufosinate and 3-(hydroxymeth ...	2001	11455632
4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol accumulates in suspension-cell cultures and inhibits somatic embryogenesis in carrot.	somatic embryogenesis in carrot (daucus carota l.) is strongly inhibited by certain factors that accumulate in culture medium of high-density cultures of embryogenic cells. we previously identified 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (4hba) as one of the inhibitory factors. in this study, we analyzed the accumulation pattern of 4hba in the cultures of carrot suspension cells. when somatic embryogenesis was induced by culturing embryogenic cells in phytohormone-free murashige and skoog medium at various init ...	2001	11454234
regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in uv-a-irradiated cell cultures of carrot and in organs of intact carrot plants.	two cell lines of daucus carota are known to differ with respect to anthocyanin accumulation. cdna clones encoding enzymes involved in anthocyanidin biosynthesis, namely phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal; ec 4.3.1.5), chalcone synthase (chs; ec 2.3.1.74), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (f3h; ec 1.14.11.9), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (dfr; ec 1.1.1.219) and leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (ldox; ec 1.14.11.-), were isolated from libraries derived from cell cultures. northern blot analysis of anthocyanin- ...	2001	11448762
residual fate of metribuzin on carrot (daucus carota) crop.		2001	11443338
spatial expression of dna topoisomerase i genes during cell proliferation in daucus carota.	the spatial expression of carrot (daucus carota l.) top1 genes encoding the two isoforms of the enzyme dna topoisomerase i (ec 5.99.1.2) was investigated. in situ hybridization analysis performed with a probe recognizing both top1 transcripts provided evidence that in explanted hypocotyls induced to proliferate in vitro by the addition of the growth regulator 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d), the mrna accumulation parallels the proliferation of provascular cells of the stelar cylinder. dur ...	2001	11411862
availability of arsenic, copper, lead, thallium, and zinc to various vegetables grown in slag-contaminated soils.	to anticipate a possible hazard resulting from the plant uptake of metals from slag-contaminated soils, it is useful to study whether vegetables exist that are able to mobilize a given metal in the slag to a larger proportion than in an uncontaminated control soil. for this purpose, we studied the soil to plant transfer of arsenic, copper, lead, thallium, and zinc by the vegetables bean (phaseolus vulgaris l. 'dwarf bean modus'), kohlrabi (brassica oleracea var. gongylodes l.), mangold (beta vul ...	2006	11401283
expression of the daucus carota somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase (dcserk) protein in insect cells.	the daucus carota somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase (dcserk) gene serves as marker to monitor the transition from somatic into embryogenic plant cells. to determine the intrinsic biochemical properties of the dcserk protein, a predicted transmembrane receptor, the kinase domain was expressed as a 40-kda his-tag fusion protein in the baculovirus insect cell system. the kinase domain fusion protein was able to autophosphorylate in vitro. phosphoamino acid analysis of the autophosphorylated dcs ...	2001	11368849
n-acetylglucosamine and glucosamine-containing arabinogalactan proteins control somatic embryogenesis.	in plants, complete embryos can develop not only from the zygote, but also from somatic cells in tissue culture. how somatic cells undergo the change in fate to become embryogenic is largely unknown. proteins, secreted into the culture medium such as endochitinases and arabinogalactan proteins (agps) are required for somatic embryogenesis. here we show that carrot (daucus carota) agps can contain glucosamine and n-acetyl-d-glucosaminyl and are sensitive to endochitinase cleavage. to determine th ...	2001	11299367
anaerobically digested poultry slaughterhouse wastes as fertiliser in agriculture.	chemical and physical analysis, 27-d plant growth assays with carrot (daucus carota) and chinese cabbage (brassica campestris var. chinensis), and 5-d phytotoxicity assays with chinese cabbage and perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) were used to investigate the suitability of anaerobically digested poultry slaughterhouse waste for fertiliser in agriculture and the effect of aerobic post-treatment on the properties of the digested material. the digested material appeared to be rich in nitrogen. i ...	2001	11265792
endogenous hormone levels in explants and in embryogenic and non-embryogenic cultures of carrot.	carrot (daucus carota l. f1 hybrid starca) excised hypocotyls were cultured on murashige and skoog medium with and without 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-d) to determine the effect of this plant growth regulator on their further development and their endogenous hormone levels. culture in the absence of 2,4-d stimulated root development at one end of the hypocotyl segments and increased the endogenous levels of free indole-3-acetic acid (iaa), zeatin/zeatin riboside and n6(delta2-isopenteny ...	2001	11240924
characterization of carrot nuclear proteins that exhibit specific binding affinity towards conventional and non-conventional dna methylation.	dna methylation is associated with transcriptional silencing in vertebrates and plants. in mammals, the effects of methylation are mediated by a family of methyl-cpg-binding proteins. in plants the mechanisms by which methylation represses transcription are still not clear. in this paper we describe protein factors in carrot nuclear extracts exhibiting specific affinities for conventional or non-conventional methylation acceptor sites. we characterized two classes of proteins: the first, dcmbpi ...	2000	11198426
distinct patterns of expression but similar biochemical properties of protein l-isoaspartyl methyltransferase in higher plants.	protein l-isoaspartyl methyltransferase is a widely distributed repair enzyme that initiates the conversion of abnormal l-isoaspartyl residues to their normal l-aspartyl forms. here we show that this activity is expressed in developing corn (zea mays) and carrot (daucus carota var. danvers half long) plants in patterns distinct from those previously seen in winter wheat (triticum aestivum cv augusta) and thale cress (arabidopsis thaliana), whereas the pattern of expression observed in rice (oryz ...	2001	11161058
carrot cells contain two top1 genes having the coding capacity for two distinct dna topoisomerases i.	five dna topoisomerase i cdna clones were isolated from a carrot (daucus carota) cdna library and two classes of nucleotide sequences were found. one component of the first class, ptop9, perfectly matches the open reading frame of ptop28, a truncated top1 cdna previously described, and extended it by 594 nucleotides (top1alpha). a member of the second class, ptop11, contains an open reading frame 2727 bp long (top1ss) with a coding capacity for a second putative dna topoisomerase i of 101 kda. b ...	2000	11141172
biology, ecology, and management of the bulb mites of the genus rhizoglyphus (acari: acaridae).	bulb mites of the genus rhizoglyphus (claparède) (acari: acaridae) have been identified as pests of many crops and ornamentals in storage, in the greenhouse, and in the field. the most important hosts are species in the family liliaceae (e.g. allium spp.), but bulb mites will often attack other important crops such as potatoes (solanum sp.) and carrots (daucus carota). despite their economic importance and broad distribution, the systematics of the genus remains in a state of confusion and is in ...	2000	11108390
overexpression of mitochondrial citrate synthase in arabidopsis thaliana improved growth on a phosphorus-limited soil.	the gene for mitochondrial citrate synthase (cs) was isolated from daucus carota (dccs) and introduced into arabidopsis thaliana (strain ws) using agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. characteristics of citrate excretion were compared between t3 transgenic plants, which were derived from the initial transgenic plants by self-fertilization and homozygous for dccs, and the control plants that had no dccs. the highest cs activity 0.78 micromol protein min(-1) exhibited by the transgen ...	2000	11100775
somatic embryogenesis induced by the simple application of abscisic acid to carrot (daucus carota l.) seedlings in culture.	seedlings of carrot (daucus carota l. cv. red cored chantenay) formed somatic embryos when cultured on medium containing abscisic acid (aba) as the sole source of growth regulator. the number of embryos per number of seedlings changed depending on the concentration of aba added to the medium, with a maximum embryo number at 1 x 10(-4) m aba. seedling age was critical for response to exogenous aba; no seedling with a hypocotyl longer than 3.0 cm was able to form an embryo. removal of shoot apices ...	2000	11089691
hypotensive action of coumarin glycosides from daucus carota.	daucus carota (carrot) has been used in traditional medicine to treat hypertension. activity-directed fractionation of aerial parts of d. carota resulted in the isolation of two cumarin glycosides coded as dc-2 and dc-3. intravenous administration of these compounds caused a dose-dependent (1-10 mg/kg) fall in arterial blood pressure in normotensive anaesthetised rats. in the in vitro studies, both compounds caused a dose-dependent (10-200 microg/ml) inhibitory effect on spontaneously beating gu ...	2000	11081994
the roles of rirol and ngrol genes in hairy root induction in nicotiana debneyi.	the function of rirol genes in tl-dna of the ri plasmid of agrobacterium rhizogenes has been previously studied in nicotiana tabacum and daucus carota, but it was reported that these plants have a tl-dna-similar sequence in their genome. we investigated the function of rirol genes in n. debneyi by infection with a. tumefaciens harboring these genes, because the genome of n. debneyi does not contain a tl-dna-similar sequence. the single gene rirolb induced adventitious roots in n. debneyi. introd ...	2000	11074270
the rates of deceleration of nuclear and organellar dna syntheses differ in the progenitor cells of the apical meristems during carrot somatic embryogenesis.	the synthesis of dna in nuclei and organellar nucleoids at the various stages of somatic embryogenesis in carrot (daucus carota l. cv. kurodagosun) was analyzed using anti-5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (brdu) immunofluorescence microscopy. the active syntheses of both nuclear and organellar dna started in the cells forming the embryo proper 3 d after the initiation of embryogenesis, but not in cells forming suspensor-like cell aggregates. in the early globular embryo, active dna syntheses were continu ...	2000	11030544
impact of egyptian broomrape (orobanche aegyptiaca (pers.) parasitism on amino acid composition of carrot (daucus carota l.).	the relationship between the organic nitrogen status of egyptian broomrape and one of its hosts, carrot, was studied by comparing amino acid profiles of leaf and root tissues of nonparasitized and broomrape-parasitized carrot plants and by analyzing amino acid profiles of broomrape at different growth stages. total n concentrations, expressed as a percentage of the dry weight of the tissues, were similar in leaves of nonparasitized and parasitized carrot plants but were lower in parasitized root ...	2000	10995293
effect of daucus carota var. boissieri extracts on immune response of schistosoma mansoni infected mice.	isolation and structure elucidation was carried out of flavonoid constituents found in fractionated extracts of the seeds and green leaves of daucus carota l. var. boissieri (apiaceae). the flavonoids are mainly apigenin, luteolin, their glycosidic precursors and 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde. fatty acids, hydrocarbons and sterols were identified by glc. the effect of various carrot extracts on the immune responses of schistosoma mansoni infected mice was studied. the rate of reduction in worm in ...	1999	10983240
effects on the growth of carrots (daucus carota l.), cabbage (brassica oleracea var. capitata l.) and onion (allium cepa l.) of restricting the ability of the plants to intercept resources.	the objective of this paper is to assess the size and penetration of edge effects in carrot, cabbage and onion field crops and the extent to which these edge effects are modified by the presence of aerial or soil competition between the crop rows. in all three crops, large weight differences developed between the plants in the edge rows and those in the central rows. there was no indication of plant weight fluctuating between large and small values with each successive row in from the edge, as s ...	2000	10938817
spatial and temporal distribution of solutes in the developing carrot taproot measured at single-cell resolution.	the time-course and spatial distribution of sugars and ions in carrot (daucus carota l.) was studied at fine resolution using single cell (sicsa) and tissue analysis. four phases of osmolyte accumulation in the taproot were identified: an amino acid (germination) phase, when internal sources of amino acids provide seedlings with osmotica; an ion phase, when inorganic and organic ions were the main solutes; a hexose phase, when concentrations of glucose and fructose sharply increased and reached ...	2000	10938813
atp-dependent regulation of nuclear ca(2+) levels in plant cells.	localised alterations in cytoplasmic ca(2+) levels are an integral part of the response of eukaryotic cells to a plethora of external stimuli. due to the large size of nuclear pores, it has generally been assumed that intranuclear ca(2+) levels reflect the prevailing cytoplasmic ca(2+) levels. using nuclei prepared from carrot (daucus carota l.) cells, we now show that ca(2+) can be transported across nuclear membranes in an atp-dependent manner and that over 95% of ca(2+) is accumulated into a ...	2000	10913602
isoforms of chalcone synthase in daucus carota l. and their differential expression in organs from the european wild carrot and in ultraviolet-a-irradiated cell cultures.	two isoforms of chalcone synthase (chs) were isolated from cdna libraries derived from uv-a-irradiated anthocyanin-accumulating (dcb) and non-accumulating (dcs) cell cultures of carrot (daucus carota l.). the clones designated as dcchs1, which were present only in the dcb library, had a deduced primary sequence of 389 amino acids and an expected molecular mass of 42.7 kda, and seem to be alleles of those cloned by ozeki et al. (1993). the second isoform (dcchs2) was present in both libraries. it ...	2000	10872233
the genes abi1 and abi2 are involved in abscisic acid- and drought-inducible expression of the daucus carota l. dc3 promoter in guard cells of transgenic arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh.	the aba insensitive1 (abi1) and abi2 genes encode homologous type-2c protein phosphatases with redundant yet distinct functions in abscisic acid (aba) responses. results from northern blot analysis showed that aba- and mannitol-inducible expression of the cor47 and cor78/lti78/rd29a (cor78) genes was more impaired in the abi2 mutant of arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh than in the abi1 mutant. furthermore, aba-plus-mannitol treatments were additive towards cor47 gene expression; however, the aba-d ...	2000	10872217
spontaneous and induced apoptosis in embryogenic cell cultures of carrot (daucus carota l.) in different physiological states.	programmed cell death (apoptosis) in plants - and plant cells in culture - has received much less attention than its animal counterpart. in the present work, using agents producing biotic or abiotic stress on cultivated cells from carrot - and, in a few experiments, arabidopsis -, we show that dna fragmentation, random or oligonucleosomal, can be induced by different treatments. moreover, we demonstrate that the same cultures may or may not respond to the inducing signal according to their physi ...	2000	10826497
conservation of the basic pattern of cellular amino acid composition during biological evolution in plants.	the cellular amino acid composition of plant cells was analyzed. the callus of carrot (daucus carota), leaves of torenia fournieri and protocomb-like body of cymbidium, s.p. were examined as examples of plant cells. the cellular amino acid compositions differed in the plant cells, but their basic patterns were quite similar. it is concluded that the basic pattern of the cellular amino acid composition is conserved in all terrestrial organisms, including plants.	2000	10817410
purification from conditioned medium and chemical identification of a factor that inhibits somatic embryogenesis in carrot.	somatic embryogenesis is strongly inhibited in cultures of carrot (daucus carota l.) cells when the cell density is high. the inhibition is caused by factors that are released by cells into the medium of such cultures. in this study, we purified and identified one of the inhibitory factors found in the medium of high-cell-density cultures of carrot cells. the inhibitory factor with the strongest apparent activity was purified by fractionation with ethylacetate, chromatography on an octadecylsily ...	2000	10805589
identification of highly conserved hydrophobic amino acid motif in deduced amino acid sequence of elymus sibiricus l. mitochondrial s13 ribosomal protein.	the nucleotide sequence of mitochondrial ribosomal protein rps13 gene from wild perennial grass elymus sibiricus is presented. it was determined by the method of pcr amplification with specific oligonucleotide primers and the direct sequencing of the amplification product. the sequence of e. sibiricus mitochondrial gene for s13 predicts a hydrophobic ribosomal protein of 116 amino acids that shows strong similarity to those of wheat (99.7% identity) and maize (98%). the deduced amino acid sequen ...	2000	10778389
a secreted peptide growth factor, phytosulfokine, acting as a stimulatory factor of carrot somatic embryo formation.	somatic embryogenesis of the carrot (daucus carota l.) depends on a set of factors, some of which accumulate in culture medium (conditioned medium, cm). when embryogenic cell clusters were transferred to an embryo-inducing medium, addition of cm derived from somatic embryo culture markedly stimulated somatic embryo formation. the active principles were purified using a simple bioassay system and identified to be phytosulfokines (psks), sulfated oligopeptide growth factors originally isolated fro ...	2000	10750705
dce2f, a functional plant e2f-like transcriptional activator from daucus carota.	in animal cells the progression of the cell cycle through g(1)/s transition and s phase is under the control of the prb/e2f regulatory pathway. the e2f transcription factors are key activators of genes coding for several regulatory proteins and for enzymes involved in nucleotide and dna synthesis. in this report we have detected the presence of e2f-like dna binding activities in carrot nuclear extracts, and we have isolated a carrot cdna (dce2f) encoding a plant e2f homologue. the dce2f gene is ...	2000	10748129
calcium-regulated proteolysis of eef1a.	eukaryotic elongation factor 1alpha (eef1a) can be post-translationally modified by the addition of phosphorylglycerylethanolamine (pge). [(14)c]ethanolamine was incorporated into the pge modification, and with carrot (daucus carota l.) suspension culture cells, eef1a was the only protein that incorporated detectable quantities of [(14)c]ethanolamine (ransom et al., 1998). when 1 mm cacl(2) was added to microsomes containing [(14)c]ethanolamine-labeled eef1a ([(14)c]et-eef1a), there was a 60% de ...	2000	10712560
identification and characterization of an 18-kilodalton, vamp-like protein in suspension-cultured carrot cells.	polyclonal antibodies raised against rat vesicle associated membrane protein-2 (vamp-2) recognized, in carrot (daucus carota) microsomes, two major polypeptides of 18 and 30 kd, respectively. a biochemical separation of intracellular membranes by a sucrose density gradient co-localized the two polypeptides as resident in light, dense microsomes, corresponding to the endoplasmic reticulum-enriched fractions. purification of coated vesicles allowed us to distinguish the subcellular location of the ...	2000	10631246
antisense repression of sucrose synthase in carrot (daucus carota l.) affects growth rather than sucrose partitioning.	to unravel the roles of sucrose synthase in carrot, we reduced its activity in transgenic carrot plants by an antisense approach. for this purpose, the cdna for the main form of carrot sucrose synthase was expressed in antisense orientation behind the 35s promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus. in independent antisense plant lines grown in soil, sucrose synthase activity was reduced in tap roots but not in leaves. in the sink organs, sucrose utilization was markedly decreased and higher levels of ...	1999	10608657
assembly and disassembly of the peripheral architecture of the plant cell nucleus during mitosis	the architecture of the nuclei of higher plants includes a structure similar to the nuclear lamina of vertebrates. changes in this structure were monitored during mitosis in carrot (daucus carota l.) and celery (apium graveolens l.) cells by immunofluorescence microscopy using an antibody that recognized the nuclear-matrix protein nmcp1. this protein has been shown to be localized exclusively at the periphery of the nucleus (k. masuda et al. 1997, exp cell res 232: 173-187). immunofluorescence w ...	1999	10592045
calcium and phospholipid activation of a recombinant calcium-dependent protein kinase (dccpk1) from carrot (daucus carota l.).	a calmodulin-like domain protein kinase (dccpk1, previously designated cdpk431) cloned from carrot (daucus carota l.) was expressed at high levels in escherichia coli and partially purified. ca(2+)-induced gel mobility shift and (45)ca(2+) ligand binding assays confirmed that recombinant dccpk1 binds ca(2+) through its calmodulin-like domain and undergoes a significant conformational change. ca(2+) activated the kinase activity of recombinant dccpk1 (k(0.5)=1.7 microm) up to 20-fold. ca(2+) comb ...	1999	10556555
over expression of mitochondrial citrate synthase gene improves the growth of carrot cells in al-phosphate medium.	a mitochondrial citrate synthase (cs) of arabidopsis thaliana was introduced into carrot (daucus carota l. cv. ms yonsun) cells by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. transgenic cell lines had high cs activity, the highest value observed was 0.24 mumol (mg protein)-1 min-1 which was 1.9-fold of that in wild-type cells. transcript levels of dccs were similar between transgenic lines, but those of atcs were increased as the cs activity of cells was increased. isoelectric focussing r ...	1999	10427772