Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| haemophilus influenzae strains possess variations in the global transcriptional profile in response to oxygen levels and this influences sensitivity to environmental stresses. | an alcohol dehydrogenase, adhc, is required for haemophilus influenzae rd kw20 growth with high oxygen. adhc protects against both exogenous and metabolically generated, endogenous reactive aldehydes. however, adhc in the strain 86-028np is a pseudogene. unlike the rd kw20 adhc mutant, 86-028np does grow with high oxygen. this suggests the differences between rd kw20 and 86-028np include broader pathways, such as for the maintenance of redox and metabolism that avoids the toxicity related to oxy ... | 2016 | 26362945 |
| corticosteroids for acute bacterial meningitis. | in experimental studies, the outcome of bacterial meningitis has been related to the severity of inflammation in the subarachnoid space. corticosteroids reduce this inflammatory response. | 2015 | 26362566 |
| impaired innate copd alveolar macrophage responses and toll-like receptor-9 polymorphisms. | dysfunctional innate responses of alveolar macrophages to nontypeable haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and streptococcus pneumoniae contribute to morbidity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). our earlier studies discovered impaired copd alveolar macrophage responses to toll-like receptor (tlr) ligands of nontypeable h. influenzae and provide rationale for further evaluation of tlr signaling. while the role of tlr single nucleotide polymorphisms is increasingly recognize ... | 2015 | 26361369 |
| serogroup a meningococcal conjugate vaccines in africa. | serogroup a meningococcal epidemics have been a recurrent public health problem, especially in resource-poor countries of africa. recently, the administration in mass vaccination campaigns of a single dose of the monovalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine, menafrivac, to the 1-29 year-old population of sub-saharan africa has prevented epidemics of meningitis caused by serogroup a neisseria meningitidis. this strategy has also been shown to provide herd protection of the non-vaccinated population ... | 2015 | 26358167 |
| hearing impairment after childhood bacterial meningitis dependent on etiology in luanda, angola. | childhood bacterial meningitis (bm) damages hearing, but the potential of different agents to cause impairment in developing countries is poorly understood. we compared the extent of hearing impairment in bm caused by haemophilus influenzae type b (hib), streptococcus pneumoniae or neisseria meningitidis among children aged 2 months to 13 years in luanda, angola. | 2015 | 26357930 |
| haemophilus influenzae with non-beta-lactamase-mediated beta-lactam resistance: easy to find but hard to categorize. | haemophilus influenzae is a major pathogen, and beta-lactams are first-line drugs. resistance due to altered penicillin-binding protein 3 (rpbp3) is frequent, and susceptibility testing of such strains is challenging. a collection of 154 beta-lactamase-negative isolates with a large proportion of rpbp3 (67.5%) was used to evaluate and compare etest (haemophilus test medium [htm]) and disk diffusion (eucast method) for categorization of susceptibility to aminopenicillins and cefuroxime, using mic ... | 2015 | 26354813 |
| structure and function of the escherichia coli tol-pal stator protein tolr. | tolr is a 15-kda inner membrane protein subunit of the tol-pal complex in gram-negative bacteria, and its function is poorly understood. tol-pal is recruited to cell division sites where it is involved in maintaining the integrity of the outer membrane. tolr is related to motb, the peptidoglycan (pg)-binding stator protein from the flagellum, suggesting it might serve a similar role in tol-pal. the only structure thus far reported for tolr is of the periplasmic domain from haemophilus influenzae ... | 2015 | 26354441 |
| nasopharyngeal bacterial carriage in the conjugate vaccine era with a focus on pneumococci. | seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv7) was included in the uk national immunisation program in 2006, and this was replaced by thirteen-valent pcv in 2010. during this time, the carriage of vaccine-type streptococcus pneumoniae decreased but pneumococcal carriage remained stable due to increases in non-vaccine-type s. pneumoniae. carriage studies have been undertaken in various countries to monitor vaccine-type replacement and to help predict the serotypes, which may cause invasive di ... | 2015 | 26351646 |
| [efficacy and safety of clavulanic acid/amoxicillin (1: 14) dry syrup in the treatment of children with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis]. | to demonstrate clinical value of clavulanic acid/amoxicillin (cva/ampc) 1:14 combination dry syrup for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (abrs), the efficacy and safety were evaluated in a multicenter, open-label, uncontrolled study in 27 children with abrs. the proportion of subjects who were 'cured' at the test of cure as the primary endpoint was 88.5%. in subjects with a major pathogenic bacteria at baseline (i.e., streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis) bacte ... | 2015 | 26349117 |
| meningitis in a school-aged child due to haemophilus influenzae type e during the post-conjugate vaccine era-monroe county, ny, 2011. | in late october 2011, the monroe county department of public health (mcdph) was notified of a suspected case of meningitis in a 9-year old girl from monroe county, ny. laboratory testing at the new york state department of health (nysdoh) wadsworth center confirmed the identification of haemophilus influenzae serotype e (hie) isolated from the patient's cerebrospinal fluid (csf) using real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the universal immunization of infants with conjugate h. influenzae ... | 2014 | 26344469 |
| tripartite atp-independent periplasmic (trap) transporters use an arginine-mediated selectivity filter for high affinity substrate binding. | tripartite atp-independent periplasmic (trap) transporters are secondary transporters that have evolved an obligate dependence on a substrate-binding protein (sbp) to confer unidirectional transport. different members of the dctp family of trap sbps have binding sites that recognize a diverse range of organic acid ligands but appear to only share a common electrostatic interaction between a conserved arginine and a carboxylate group in the ligand. we investigated the significance of this interac ... | 2015 | 26342690 |
| a longitudinal study of lung bacterial pathogens in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia. | in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (pcd), impaired mucociliary clearance leads to an accumulation of secretions in the airways and susceptibility to repeated bacterial infections. the primary aim of this study was to investigate the bacterial flora in non-chronic and chronic infections in the lower airways of patients with pcd. we retrospectively reviewed the presence of bacteria from patients with pcd during an 11-year period and genotyped 35 pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from 12 pat ... | 2015 | 26341913 |
| clinical characteristics of protracted bacterial bronchitis in chinese infants. | protracted bacterial bronchitis (pbb) is the common cause of chronic cough in children worldwide, but its etiology has not been fully recognized in china. we retrospectively investigated a total of 66 hospitalized infants under the age of three years with chronic wet cough enrolled in the affiliated children's hospital of soochow university from october 2010 to march 2014. all patients underwent bronchoscopy and broncho-alveolar lavage (bal) samples were processed for microbiological and cytolog ... | 2015 | 26338462 |
| safety and reactogenicity of the combined diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-inactivated poliovirus-haemophilus influenzae type b (dtpa-ipv/hib) vaccine in healthy vietnamese toddlers: an open-label, phase iii study. | the introduction of combination vaccines plays a significant role in increasing vaccine acceptance and widening vaccine coverage. primary vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis and haemophilus influenza type b (hib) diseases has been implemented in vietnam. in this study we evaluated the safety and reactogenicity of combined diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-inactivated polio (dtpa-ipv)/hib vaccine when administered as a booster dose in 300 healthy vietnamese children <2 ye ... | 2016 | 26337197 |
| vaccine hesitancy: causes, consequences, and a call to action. | vaccine hesitancy reflects concerns about the decision to vaccinate oneself or one's children. there is a broad range of factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy, including the compulsory nature of vaccines, their coincidental temporal relationships to adverse health outcomes, unfamiliarity with vaccine-preventable diseases, and lack of trust in corporations and public health agencies. although vaccination is a norm in the u.s. and the majority of parents vaccinate their children, many do so am ... | 2015 | 26337116 |
| [epiglottitis in adults in general practice: difficult to recognise and life-threatening]. | epiglottitis is a rare and life-threatening cause of acute sore throat. usually, epiglottitis is caused by a bacterium, such as haemophilus influenzae type b. symptoms of epiglottitis are acute and rapidly progressive sore throat, a hoarse voice, fever, and drooling. we present two adult patients with acute sore throat who were diagnosed with epiglottitis. in adults with symptoms compatible with epiglottitis, it is justified to look down the throat with a light. only if the view is impeded shoul ... | 2015 | 26332815 |
| ampicillin resistance of invasive haemophilus influenzae isolates in germany 2009-2012. | in this retrospective study covering a four-year observation period (2009-2012) the prevalence of aminopenicillin resistance of invasive haemophilus influenzae (hi) in germany was analyzed. the main resistance mechanism against aminopenicillins is conferred by β-lactamase production, which can be inhibited by clavulanate or sulbactam. apart from that, β-lactamase negative ampicillin resistance (blnar) has been reported due to mutations in the penicillin-binding protein pbp3. the prevalence of bl ... | 2015 | 26321008 |
| comment on: acquired macrolide resistance genes in haemophilus influenzae? | 2015 | 26318192 | |
| a review of guidance on immunization in persons with defective or deficient splenic function. | the spleen acts as a blood filter and lymphopoietic organ. asplenic and hyposplenic individuals are more susceptible to serious infections caused by encapsulated bacteria but they can be protected by antibiotic prophylaxis and immunizations. recent progress in vaccinology means prophylaxis is now successful in the vast majority of serious infections with pneumococci, meningococci and haemophilus influenzae type b responsible for the majority of cases of overwhelming sepsis in asplenic patients. ... | 2015 | 26315210 |
| national, state, and selected local area vaccination coverage among children aged 19-35 months - united states, 2014. | the reduction in morbidity and mortality associated with vaccine-preventable diseases in the united states has been described as one of the 10 greatest public health achievements of the first decade of the 21st century. a recent analysis concluded that routine childhood vaccination will prevent 322 million cases of disease and about 732,000 early deaths among children born during 1994-2013, for a net societal cost savings of $1.38 trillion. the national immunization survey (nis) has monitored va ... | 2015 | 26313470 |
| [investigation of the protective effects of beta-d-glucan against invasive encapsulated streptococcus pneumoniae sepsis in splenectomized rats]. | in asplenic individuals depending on the weakness of the immune response, sepsis are known to be developed with a high mortality rate. the most common species which are responsible for sepsis are encapsulated bacteria such as streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and neisseria meningitidis. sepsis caused by immune deficiencies linked to splenectomy leads to infections particularly in the lungs and liver and causes multiple organ failure. on the other hand, -d-glucan (bdg), a branched ... | 2015 | 26313274 |
| haemophilus influenzae: using comparative genomics to accurately identify a highly recombinogenic human pathogen. | haemophilus influenzae is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that exclusively colonises humans and is associated with both acute and chronic disease. despite its clinical significance, accurate identification of h. influenzae is a non-trivial endeavour. h. haemolyticus can be misidentified as h. influenzae from clinical specimens using selective culturing methods, reflecting both the shared environmental niche and phenotypic similarities of these species. on the molecular level, frequent geneti ... | 2015 | 26311542 |
| [comparing the safety of vaccination on vastus lateralis muscle and deltoid muscle of infants with haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine]. | to compare the safety of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) vaccine vaccination on vastus lateralis muscle and deltoid muscle of infant. | 2015 | 26310328 |
| re-analysis of metagenomic sequences from acute flaccid myelitis patients reveals alternatives to enterovirus d68 infection. | metagenomic sequence data can be used to detect the presence of infectious viruses and bacteria, but normal microbial flora make this process challenging. we re-analyzed metagenomic rna sequence data collected during a recent outbreak of acute flaccid myelitis (afm), caused in some cases by infection with enterovirus d68. we found that among the patients whose symptoms were previously attributed to enterovirus d68, one patient had clear evidence of infection with haemophilus influenzae, and a se ... | 2015 | 26309730 |
| unconventional n-linked glycosylation promotes trimeric autotransporter function in kingella kingae and aggregatibacter aphrophilus. | glycosylation is a widespread mechanism employed by both eukaryotes and bacteria to increase the functional diversity of their proteomes. the nontypeable haemophilus influenzae glycosyltransferase hmw1c mediates unconventional n-linked glycosylation of the adhesive protein hmw1, which is encoded in a two-partner secretion system gene cluster that also encodes hmw1c. in this system, hmw1 is modified in the cytoplasm by sequential transfer of hexose residues. in the present study, we examined king ... | 2015 | 26307167 |
| hemophilus influenzae infections with abscess formation in adults: a retrospective study covering an eleven-year period. | the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of haemophilus influenzae in abscesses in adults and to determine their antibiotic resistance patterns. | 2015 | 26299087 |
| international collaborative study for establishment of the 2nd who international standard for haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide. | in this report we present the results of a collaborative study for the preparation and calibration of a replacement international standard (is) for haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide (polyribosyl ribitol phosphate; 5-d-ribitol-(1 → 1)-β-d-ribose-3-phosphate; prp). two candidate preparations were evaluated. thirteen laboratories from 9 different countries participated in the collaborative study to assess the suitability and determine the prp content of two candidate standards. on the ba ... | 2015 | 26298195 |
| reclassification of actinobacillus muris as muribacter muris gen. nov., comb. nov. | to reinvestigate the taxonomy of [actinobacillus] muris, 474 strains, mainly from mice and rats, were characterized by phenotype and 130 strains selected for genotypic characterization by 16s rrna and partial rpob gene sequencing. the type strain was further investigated by whole-genome sequencing. phylogenetic analysis of the dna sequences showed one monophyletic group with intragroup similarities of 96.7 and 97.2 % for the 16s rrna and rpob genes, respectively. the highest 16s rrna gene sequen ... | 2015 | 26296776 |
| bacterial meningitis in children under 15 years of age in nepal. | bacterial meningitis in children is a life-threatening problem resulting in severe morbidity and mortality. for the prompt initiation of antibacterial therapy, rapid and reliable diagnostic methods are of utmost importance. therefore, this study was designed to find out the rate of bacterial pathogens of meningitis from suspected cases by performing conventional methods and latex agglutination. | 2015 | 26286573 |
| effectiveness of the ten-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against tympanostomy tube placements in a cluster-randomized trial. | we evaluated the impact of the new pneumococcal haemophilus influenzae protein d conjugate vaccine (phid-cv10, gsk vaccines) on tympanostomy tube placements (ttps). | 2015 | 26284652 |
| infected abdominal aortic aneurysm attributable to haemophilus influenzae: rapid changes of imaging findings. | 2015 | 26283604 | |
| integrating microbial and host transcriptomics to characterize asthma-associated microbial communities. | the relationships between infections in early life and asthma are not completely understood. likewise, the clinical relevance of microbial communities present in the respiratory tract is only partially known. a number of microbiome studies analyzing respiratory tract samples have found increased proportions of gamma-proteobacteria including haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and firmicutes such as streptococcus pneumoniae. the aim of this study was to present a new approach that comb ... | 2015 | 26277095 |
| robust vaccine responses in adult and pediatric cord blood transplantation recipients treated for hematologic malignancies. | because cord blood (cb) lacks memory t and b cells and recent decreases in herd immunity to vaccine-preventable diseases in many developed countries have been documented, vaccine responses in cb transplantation (cbt) survivors are of great interest. we analyzed vaccine responses in double-unit cbt recipients transplanted for hematologic malignancies. in 103 vaccine-eligible patients, graft-versus-host disease (gvhd) most commonly precluded vaccination. sixty-five patients (63%; engrafting units ... | 2015 | 26271191 |
| how a new health intervention affects the health systems? learnings from pentavalent vaccine introduction in india. | to summarize the findings from a post introduction evaluation (pie) of pentavalent vaccine in tamil nadu and kerala state of india and to understand how the health systems could be prepared for (prior to) introducing a new intervention and how such introduction could affect the health systems (afterwards). | 2016 | 26264631 |
| catching-up with pentavalent vaccine: exploring reasons behind lower rotavirus vaccine coverage in el salvador. | rotavirus vaccine was introduced in el salvador in 2006 and is recommended to be given concomitantly with dtp-hepb-haemophilus influenzae type b (pentavalent) vaccine at ages 2 months (upper age limit 15 weeks) and 4 months (upper age limit 8 months) of age. however, rotavirus vaccination coverage continues to lag behind that of pentavalent vaccine, even in years when national rotavirus vaccine stock-outs have not occurred. we analyzed factors associated with receipt of oral rotavirus vaccine am ... | 2015 | 26263200 |
| associations between viral and bacterial potential pathogens in the nasopharynx of children with and without respiratory symptoms. | nasopharyngeal (np) bacterial colonization is necessary for subsequent respiratory and/or invasive infection. our study aimed at comparing np bacterial colonization rates between children with and without symptoms of an acute viral respiratory tract infection and examining associations between identified microorganisms. | 2015 | 26262821 |
| dentures are a reservoir for respiratory pathogens. | recent studies have established a relationship between dental plaque and pulmonary infection, particularly in elderly individuals. given that approximately one in five adults in the uk currently wears a denture, there remains a gap in our understanding of the direct implications of denture plaque on systemic health. the aim of this study was to undertake a comprehensive evaluation of putative respiratory pathogens residing upon dentures using a targeted quantitative molecular approach. | 2016 | 26260391 |
| [contemporary conception of immune response activation mecha- nism by conjugated polysaccharide vaccines]. | vaccination remains the most effective method of control of spread of a whole range of infections of both viral and bacterial nature. many bacterial pathogens (streptococcus pneumoniae, neisseria meningitidis and haemophilus influenzae) carry polysaccharide capsule on the surface, that is one of the elements of protection from host organism immune system. at the same time, vaccination with bacteria exopolysaccharides (eps) ensures infection neutralization. effectiveness of such vaccine prophylax ... | 2015 | 26259279 |
| association of prevalence of rhinitis, atopic eczema, rhinoconjunctivitis and wheezing with mortality from infectious diseases and with antibiotic susceptibility at a country level. | it was previously reported that there is a positive correlation between incidence of type 1 diabetes and prevalence of asthma and atopic eczema. a negative correlation between the prevalence of type 1 diabetes and mortality from infectious diseases as well as a positive correlation with antibiotic susceptibility at a country level have also been reported. | 2015 | 26240791 |
| rapid and fully automated bacterial pathogen detection on a centrifugal-microfluidic labdisk using highly sensitive nested pcr with integrated sample preparation. | diagnosis of infectious diseases suffers from long turnaround times for gold standard culture-based identification of bacterial pathogens, therefore impeding timely specific antimicrobial treatment based on laboratory evidence. rapid molecular diagnostics-based technologies enable detection of microorganisms within hours however cumbersome workflows and complex equipment still prevent their widespread use in the routine clinical microbiology setting. we developed a centrifugal-microfluidic "labd ... | 2015 | 26235430 |
| long-term impact of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination on nasopharyngeal carriage in children previously vaccinated with various pneumococcal conjugate vaccine regimes. | previously, the fiji pneumococcal project (fipp) evaluated reduced dose immunization schedules that incorporated pneumococcal protein conjugate and/or polysaccharide vaccine (pcv7 and 23vppv, respectively). immune hyporesponsiveness was observed in children vaccinated with 23vppv at 12 months of age compared with children who did not receive 23vppv. here we assess the long-term impact of 23vppv vaccination on nasopharyngeal carriage rates and densities of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus in ... | 2015 | 26232540 |
| the microbiome of otitis media with effusion in indigenous australian children. | indigenous australian children have a high prevalence of otitis media with effusion (ome) and associated conductive hearing loss. only three microbiological studies of middle ear fluid (mef) from indigenous australian children with ome have been reported. all of these were reliant on culture or species-specific pcr assays. the aim of this study was to characterise the middle ear fluid (mef), adenoid and nasopharyngeal (np) microbiomes of indigenous australian children, using culture-independent ... | 2015 | 26228497 |
| bacteria etiological agents causing lower respiratory tract infections and their resistance patterns. | lower respiratory tract infections (ltris) are among the most common infectious diseases with potential life-threatening complications. | 2015 | 26220641 |
| the effect of oral polio vaccine at birth on infant mortality: a randomized trial. | routine vaccines may have nonspecific effects on mortality. an observational study found that opv given at birth (opv0) was associated with increased male infant mortality. we investigated the effect of opv0 on infant mortality in a randomized trial in guinea-bissau. | 2015 | 26219694 |
| a biphasic epigenetic switch controls immunoevasion, virulence and niche adaptation in non-typeable haemophilus influenzae. | non-typeable haemophilus influenzae contains an n(6)-adenine dna-methyltransferase (moda) that is subject to phase-variable expression (random on/off switching). five moda alleles, moda2, moda4, moda5, moda9 and moda10, account for over two-thirds of clinical otitis media isolates surveyed. here, we use single molecule, real-time (smrt) methylome analysis to identify the dna-recognition motifs for all five of these moda alleles. phase variation of these alleles regulates multiple proteins includ ... | 2015 | 26215614 |
| phid-cv induces anti-protein d antibodies but does not augment pulmonary clearance of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae in mice. | a recently-licensed 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (phid-cv; synflorix, gsk) uses protein d from haemophilus influenzae as a carrier protein. phid-cv therefore has the potential to provide additional protection against nontypeable h. influenzae (nthi). nthi frequently causes respiratory tract infections and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide and there is currently no vaccine. | 2015 | 26212006 |
| pathogen transcriptional profile in nasopharyngeal aspirates of children with acute respiratory tract infection. | acute respiratory tract infections (ari) present a significant morbidity and pose a global health burden. patients are frequently treated with antibiotics although ari are most commonly caused by virus, strengthening the need for improved diagnostic methods. | 2015 | 26209405 |
| cigarette smoke-induced disruption of pulmonary barrier and bacterial translocation drive tumor-associated inflammation and growth. | microorganisms have an important role in tumorgenesis by the induction of inflammation and by a direct impact on tumor cells. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is associated with an increased risk for lung cancer and microbial colonization. we asked whether bacterial pathogens act as tumor promoters during cs-induced pulmonary inflammation. in a metastatic lung cancer (lc) model, lewis lung carcinoma (llc) cells were injected in mice to initiate the growth of tumors in the lung. expos ... | 2015 | 26209273 |
| platelet activating factor receptor: gateway for bacterial chronic airway infection in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and potential therapeutic target. | the authors established that cigarette smoke increases airway epithelial platelet activating factor receptor (pafr) expression and that pafr is markedly up-regulated in the lungs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) patients. crucially, pafr is used by the two key bacterial species involved in chronic infection and acute exacerbations in copd, that is, streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae, as a receptor for lung epithelial colonization. the cognate adhesin of pafr, phos ... | 2015 | 26207607 |
| the conserved carboxyl domain of morc, an inner membrane protein of aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, is essential for membrane function. | morphogenesis protein c (morc) of aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is important for maintaining the membrane morphology and integrity of the cell envelope of this oral pathogen. the morc sequence and operon organization were found to be conserved in gammaproteobacteria, based on a bioinformatic analysis of 435 sequences from representative organisms. functional conservation of morc was investigated using an a. actinomycetemcomitans morc mutant as a model system to express morc homologs from ... | 2015 | 26205976 |
| ventilator-associated pneumonia in pediatric traumatic brain injury. | ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) is a common occurrence among intubated pediatric traumatic brain injury (tbi) patients. however, little is known about the epidemiology, risk factors, and microbiology of vap in pediatric tbi. we reviewed a cohort of 119 pediatric moderate-to-severe tbi patients and identified 42 with vap by positive protected bronchial brush specimens. location of intubation, severity of injury, and antibiotic administration within 2 days after injury were not associated wi ... | 2016 | 26203702 |
| changing epidemiology of the respiratory bacteriology of patients with cystic fibrosis. | monitoring potential changes in the epidemiology of cystic fibrosis (cf) pathogens furthers our understanding of the potential impact of interventions. | 2016 | 26203598 |
| phosphocholine-modified macromolecules and canonical nicotinic agonists inhibit atp-induced il-1β release. | il-1β is a potent proinflammatory cytokine of the innate immune system that is involved in host defense against infection. however, increased production of il-1β plays a pathogenic role in various inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, gout, sepsis, stroke, and transplant rejection. to prevent detrimental collateral damage, il-1β release is tightly controlled and typically requires two consecutive danger signals. lps from gram-negative bacteria is a prototypical first signal induci ... | 2015 | 26202987 |
| surveillance of the activity of aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones against ophthalmic pathogens from europe in 2010-2011. | bacterial infections of the ocular surface are commonly treated empirically with broad spectrum antibiotics. due to concerns over increasing antibiotic resistance, we evaluated current susceptibility patterns of the ocular bacterial pathogens in europe. | 2016 | 26200173 |
| in vitro activity of azd0914, a novel bacterial dna gyrase/topoisomerase iv inhibitor, against clinically relevant gram-positive and fastidious gram-negative pathogens. | azd0914, a new spiropyrimidinetrione bacterial dna gyrase inhibitor with a novel mode of inhibition, has activity against bacterial species commonly cultured from patient infection specimens, including fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates. this study assessed the in vitro activity of azd0914 against key gram-positive and fastidious gram-negative clinical isolates collected globally in 2013. azd0914 demonstrated potent activity, with mic90s for azd0914 of 0.25 mg/liter against staphylococcus aureus ... | 2015 | 26195518 |
| patterns of binding of aluminum-containing adjuvants to haemophilus influenzae type b and meningococcal group c conjugate vaccines and components. | the basis of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) and neisseria meningitidis serogroup c (menc) glycoconjugates binding to aluminum-containing adjuvants was studied. by measuring the amount of polysaccharide and protein in the non-adsorbed supernatant, the adjuvant, aluminum phosphate, alpo4, was found to be less efficient than aluminum hydroxide, al(oh)3 at binding to the conjugates, at concentrations relevant to licensed vaccine formulations and when equimolar. at neutral ph, binding of tt conj ... | 2015 | 26194164 |
| carriage of haemophilus influenzae is associated with pneumococcal vaccination in italian children. | the pneumococcal population changes observed after the implementation of children immunization with pneumococcal conjugative vaccines (pcv) might have affected the composition of the microbial flora inhabiting the same ecological niche of streptococcus pneumoniae. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pcv immunization, (pcv7 or pcv13), on s. pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae colonization in young children in italy. | 2015 | 26190092 |
| ampicillin-resistant haemophilus influenzae isolates in geneva: serotype, antimicrobial susceptibility, and β-lactam resistance mechanisms. | the purpose of this study was to analyze the molecular mechanisms of ampicillin-resistant haemophilus influenzae isolated in geneva, switzerland. we investigated the association between specific patterns of amino acid substitutions in penicillin-binding protein 3 (with or without β-lactamase production) and β-lactam susceptibility. another main focus for this study was to compare the accuracy of disk diffusion and etest methods to detect resistance to ampicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. ... | 2015 | 26187432 |
| inhibition of the dape-encoded n-succinyl-l,l-diaminopimelic acid desuccinylase from neisseria meningitidis by l-captopril. | binding of the competitive inhibitor l-captopril to the dape-encoded n-succinyl-l,l-diaminopimelic acid desuccinylase from neisseria meningitidis (nmdape) was examined by kinetic, spectroscopic, and crystallographic methods. l-captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace) inhibitor, was previously shown to be a potent inhibitor of the dape from haemophilus influenzae (hidape) with an ic50 of 3.3 μm and a measured ki of 1.8 μm and displayed a dose-responsive antibiotic activity toward escheri ... | 2015 | 26186504 |
| morphological changes in the tympanic membrane associated with haemophilus influenzae-induced acute otitis media in the chinchilla. | the tympanic membrane (tm) couples sound waves entering the outer ear canal to mechanical vibrations of the ossicular chain in the middle ear. during acute otitis media (aom), dynamic structural changes in the tm can occur, which potentially affect sound transmission. it has remained unclear whether tm changes contribute significantly to the conductive hearing loss associated with human aom. studies that systematically and quantitatively assess the impact of morphological and mechanical characte ... | 2015 | 26183006 |
| [susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with lower respiratory infectious diseases to antibacterial agents (2011)]. | from october 2011 to september 2012, we collected the specimen from 316 patients with lower respiratory tract infections in 16 institutions in japan, and investigated the susceptibilities of isolated bacteria to various antibacterial agents and patients' characteristics. all of 357 strains that were isolated from specimen (mainly from sputum) and assumed to be bacteria causing in infection, were examined. the isolated bacteria were: staphylococcus aureus 51, streptococcus pneumoniae 73, haemophi ... | 2015 | 26182814 |
| [susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with lower respiratory infectious diseases to antibacterial agents (2010)]. | from october 2010 to september 2011, we collected the specimen from 361 patients with lower respiratory tract infections in 16 institutions in japan, and investigated the susceptibilities of isolated bacteria to various antibacterial agents and patients' characteristics. all of 399 strains that were isolated from specimen (mainly from sputum) and assumed to be bacteria causing in infection, were examined. the isolated bacteria were: staphylococcus aureus 70, streptococcus pneumoniae 65, haemophi ... | 2015 | 26182813 |
| outer membrane protein p1 is the ceacam-binding adhesin of haemophilus influenzae. | haemophilus influenzae is a gram-negative pathogen colonizing the upper respiratory tract mucosa. h. influenzae is one of several human-restricted bacteria, which bind to carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules (ceacams) on the epithelium leading to bacterial uptake by the eukaryotic cells. adhesion to ceacams is thought to be mediated by the h. influenzae outer membrane protein (omp) p5. however, ceacams still bound to h. influenzae lacking omp p5 expression, and soluble ceacam ... | 2015 | 26179342 |
| how to make a non-antigenic protein (auto) antigenic: molecular complementarity alters antigen processing and activates adaptive-innate immunity synergy. | evidence is reviewed that complementary proteins and peptides form complexes with increased antigenicity and/or autoimmunogenicity. five case studies are highlighted: 1) diphtheria toxin-antitoxin (antibody), which induces immunity to the normally non-antigenic toxin, and autoimmune neuritis; 2) tryptophan peptide of myelin basic protein and muramyl dipeptide ("adjuvant peptide"), which form a complex that induces experimental allergic encephalomyelitis; 3) an insulin and glucagon complex that i ... | 2015 | 26179268 |
| secreted mucins and airway bacterial colonization in non-cf bronchiectasis. | secreted mucins play a key role in antibacterial defence in the airway, but have not previously been characterized in non-cystic fibrosis (cf) bronchiectasis patients. we aim to investigate the relationship between secreted mucins levels and the presence of bacterial colonization due to potentially pathogenic microorganisms (ppm) in the airways of stable bronchiectasis patients. | 2015 | 26172851 |
| association of β-lactam-sensitive haemophilus influenzae type b with adenoid biofilm formation in patients with adenoidectomy surgery. | chronic adenoid infection by β-lactam-resistant haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) and biofilm formation contribute to adenoid hyperplasia. middle ear disease consequently remains a critical issue in the pediatric population. the aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of hib biofilm formation with middle ear effusion with adenoid hyperplasia (mee-ah) and with pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (osa). | 2015 | 26171604 |
| glycans as vaccine antigens and adjuvants: immunological considerations. | carbohydrates can be found on the cell surface of nearly every cell ranging from bacteria to fungi right up to mammalian cells. carbohydrates and their interactions with carbohydrate-binding proteins play crucial roles in multiple biological processes including immunity, homeostasis, cellular communication, cell migration, and the regulation of serum glycoprotein levels. in the last decades, the interest in exploiting the biological activity of glycans as vaccine components has considerably incr ... | 2015 | 26169732 |
| carbohydrate-based vaccines: an overview. | vaccination is one of the key developments in the fight against infectious diseases. it is based on the principle that immunization with pathogen-derived antigens provides protection from the respective infection by inducing an antigen-specific immune response. the discovery by avery and heidelberger in the 1920s that capsular polysaccharides (cps) from streptococcus pneumoniae are immunoreactive was the starting point of the development of carbohydrate-based vaccines. cps-specific neutralizing ... | 2015 | 26169731 |
| comparative genome analysis identifies novel nucleic acid diagnostic targets for use in the specific detection of haemophilus influenzae. | haemophilus influenzae is recognised as an important human pathogen associated with invasive infections, including bloodstream infection and meningitis. currently used molecular-based diagnostic assays lack specificity in correctly detecting and identifying h. influenzae. as such, there is a need to develop novel diagnostic assays for the specific identification of h. influenzae. whole genome comparative analysis was performed to identify putative diagnostic targets, which are unique in nucleoti ... | 2015 | 26166209 |
| distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria from adults with community-acquired pneumonia or complicated skin and soft tissue infections in france: the nationwide french premium study. | the empirical therapy of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) and complicated skin and soft tissue infections (csstis) must be based on updated bacterial distribution and susceptibility data. a nationwide study consecutively collected 1288 isolates from cap (n=467) and csstis (n=821) from 18 french hospitals between 2012 and 2013. the mic values of commonly used antimicrobial agents, including ceftaroline, were determined. bacterial distribution featured pneumococcus, haemophilus influenzae, and s ... | 2015 | 26166208 |
| safety and immunogenicity of a candidate bioconjugate vaccine against shigella dysenteriae type 1 administered to healthy adults: a single blind, partially randomized phase i study. | shigellae cause severe disease in endemic countries, especially in children. several efficacy trials have been conducted with candidate vaccines against shigellae, but the lack of protection, the safety concerns, or manufacturing challenges hindered successful market approval. conjugated vaccines have been shown to be safe and effective for different pathogens (i.e., neisseria meningitidis, shigella pneumonia, haemophilus influenzae). the bio-conjugation technology, exploited here for the shigel ... | 2015 | 26162850 |
| vaccination coverage in french 17-year-old young adults: an assessment of mandatory and recommended vaccination statuses. | we aimed to assess vaccination coverage (vc) in 17-year-old french young adults (yas) participating in one mandatory day of defence and citizenship (ddc). between june 2010 and may 2011, yas participating in 43 randomly selected mandatory sessions of the ddc programme in poitou-charentes (france) were asked to provide their personal vaccination record. tetanus, diphtheria, polio, hepatitis b, haemophilus influenzae b, pertussis, measles, mumps and rubella vaccination status were assessed at ages ... | 2016 | 26159149 |
| haemophilus influenzae p4 interacts with extracellular matrix proteins promoting adhesion and serum resistance. | interaction with the extracellular matrix (ecm) is one of the successful colonization strategies employed by nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi). here we identified haemophilus lipoprotein e (p4) as a receptor for ecm proteins. purified recombinant p4 displayed a high binding affinity for laminin (kd = 9.26 nm) and fibronectin (kd = 10.19 nm), but slightly less to vitronectin (kd = 16.51 nm). a p4-deficient nthi mutant showed a significantly decreased binding to these ecm components. vitro ... | 2016 | 26153407 |
| vaccinations in sickle cell disease: an audit of vaccination uptake in sickle cell patients attending newham university hospital. | to assess the level of adherence of patients with sickle cell disease to the advised vaccination schedule with respect to the sickle cell society guidelines on vaccination [1,2]. | 2015 | 26151544 |
| the role of the local microbial ecosystem in respiratory health and disease. | respiratory tract infections are a major global health concern, accounting for high morbidity and mortality, especially in young children and elderly individuals. traditionally, highly common bacterial respiratory tract infections, including otitis media and pneumonia, were thought to be caused by a limited number of pathogens including streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae. however, these pathogens are also frequently observed commensal residents of the upper respiratory tract (ur ... | 2015 | 26150660 |
| an atypical presentation of a typical pulmonary pathogen in an immunosuppressed patient. | we describe a case of a 38-year-old, hiv-positive asthmatic man with a history of intravenous methamphetamine substance misuse who presented with worsening dyspnoea, wheeze, productive cough without haemoptysis and deteriorating exercise tolerance. his chest x-ray was clear and subsequent ct scanning demonstrated multilobar, patchy consolidation and ground glass change in the lung parenchyma. his cd4 count was 864 cells/mm(3) (n=500-1500 cells/mm(3)) and viral load 863 iu/ml. our primary diagnos ... | 2015 | 26150634 |
| nasopharyngeal bacterial burden and antibiotics: influence on inflammatory markers and disease severity in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | animal studies suggest that rsv increases nasopharyngeal (np) bacterial colonization facilitating bacterial infections. we investigated the influence of antibiotic treatment and colonization with potentially pathogenic bacteria on inflammatory markers and disease severity in rsv-infected in infants. | 2015 | 26149186 |
| the role of latex agglutination test for the etiological diagnosis of pleural effusion in children and adolescents. | the etiological diagnosis of pleural effusion is a difficult task because the diagnostic tools can only establish a definitive etiological diagnosis in at most 76% of cases. | 2015 | 26148910 |
| bacteremia in children: epidemiology, clinical diagnosis and antibiotic treatment. | the diagnosis of bacteremia in children is important and it can be clinically challenging to recognize the signs and symptoms. the reported rates of bacteremia are higher in young children but with the increasing vaccine coverage, there has been a decrease in bacteremia due to the three vaccine preventable bacteria (streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae group b and neisseria meningitidis). notably, there have been increases in healthcare-associated bacteremias with a rise in staphyloc ... | 2015 | 26143645 |
| children hospitalized due to acute otitis media: how does this condition differ from acute mastoiditis? | to evaluate the clinical picture and microbiological findings of children hospitalized due to acute otitis media and to analyze how it differs from acute mastoiditis. | 2015 | 26141864 |
| isolation of haemophilus influenzae and haemophilus parainfluenzae in urethral exudates from men with acute urethritis: a descriptive study of 52 cases. | to describe the clinical characteristics and therapeutic outcomes from male patients diagnosed of haemophilus spp urethritis. | 2016 | 26139207 |
| a decline of haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in papua new guinean children despite low vaccination coverage. | 2015 | 26130619 | |
| neonatal invasive haemophilus influenzae disease and genotypic characterization of the associated strains in italy. | 2015 | 26123935 | |
| correction: efficacy of pneumococcal nontypable haemophilus influenzae protein d conjugate vaccine (phid-cv) in young latin american children: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. | 2015 | 26115379 | |
| the lung immune response to nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (lung immunity to nthi). | haemophilus influenzae is divided into typeable or nontypeable strains based on the presence or absence of a polysaccharide capsule. the typeable strains (such as type b) are an important cause of systemic infection, whilst the nontypeable strains (designated as nthi) are predominantly respiratory mucosal pathogens. nthi is present as part of the normal microbiome in the nasopharynx, from where it may spread down to the lower respiratory tract. in this context it is no longer a commensal and bec ... | 2015 | 26114124 |
| comparison of established diagnostic methodologies and a novel bacterial smpb real-time pcr assay for specific detection of haemophilus influenzae isolates associated with respiratory tract infections. | haemophilus influenzae is a significant causative agent of respiratory tract infections (rti) worldwide. the development of a rapid h. influenzae diagnostic assay that would allow for the implementation of infection control measures and also improve antimicrobial stewardship for patients is required. a number of nucleic acid diagnostics approaches that detect h. influenzae in rtis have been described in the literature; however, there are reported specificity and sensitivity limitations for these ... | 2015 | 26109443 |
| [epidemiological survey of haemophilus influenzae-positive hospitalized children: a retrospective analysis]. | to investigate the basic clinical characteristics and drug resistance of haemophilus influenzae (hi) infection in hospitalized children in the past two years. | 2015 | 26108322 |
| correction: antagonism of mir-328 increases the antimicrobial function of macrophages and neutrophils and rapid clearance of non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) from infected lung. | [this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004549.]. | 2015 | 26107387 |
| trends in antibiotic resistance of streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae isolated from nasopharyngeal flora in children with acute otitis media in france before and after 13 valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction. | after the implementation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (pcvs), the marked shift in streptococcus pneumoniae (pnc) serotype distribution led to a modification in pneumococcal antibiotic susceptibility. in 2011, the pattern of antibiotic prescription in france for acute otitis media in infants was greatly modified, with decreased use of third-generation cephalosporins and amoxicillin-clavulanate replaced by amoxicillin alone. to assess antibiotic strategies, here we measured the antibiotic su ... | 2015 | 26093673 |
| airway bacteria measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and culture in patients with stable copd: relationship with neutrophilic airway inflammation, exacerbation frequency, and lung function. | potentially pathogenic microorganisms can be detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) in sputum from patients with copd, although how this technique relates to culture and clinical measures of disease is unclear. we used cross-sectional and longitudinal data to test the hypotheses that qpcr is a more sensitive measure of bacterial presence and is associated with neutrophilic airway inflammation and adverse clinical outcomes. | 2015 | 26089657 |
| needle size for vaccination procedures in children and adolescents. | hypodermic needles of different sizes (gauges and lengths) can be used for vaccination procedures. the gauge (g) refers to the outside diameter of the needle tubing. the higher the gauge number, the smaller diameter of the needle (eg a 25 g needle is 0.5 mm in diameter and is narrower than a 23 g needle (0.6 mm)). many vaccines are recommended for injection into muscle (intramuscularly), although some are delivered subcutaneously (under the skin) and intradermally (into skin). choosing an approp ... | 2015 | 26086647 |
| effects of vaccination with 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable haemophilus influenza protein d conjugate vaccine (phid-cv) on the nasopharyngeal microbiome of kenyan toddlers. | pneumococcal conjugate vaccines reduce the prevalence of vaccine serotypes carried in the nasopharynx. because this could alter carriage of other potential pathogens, we assessed the nasopharyngeal microbiome of children who had been vaccinated with 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable haemophilus influenzae protein-d conjugate vaccine (phid-cv). | 2015 | 26083474 |
| glucocorticoids and antibiotics, how do they get together? | antibiotic therapy in patients currently treated with corticosteroids is common in chronic respiratory diseases when exacerbation symptoms attributable to infection appear. among them, obstructive diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) are major health issues affecting hundreds of million people worldwide that are frequently treated with inhaled corticosteroids. systemic corticosteroids are also used for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a less prevalent chronic re ... | 2015 | 26077592 |
| validation of infant immunization billing codes in administrative data. | ontario has a single payer provincial health insurance program. administrative data may provide a potentially robust source of information for post-marketing vaccine studies. vaccine-specific immunization billing codes were introduced in 2011. our objective was to validate ontario's universal health care administrative datasets to assess infant immunization status. electronic medical record data from the electronic medical record administrative data linked database (emrald) was used as the refer ... | 2015 | 26075651 |
| association of targeted multiplex pcr with resequencing microarray for the detection of multiple respiratory pathogens. | a large number of viral and bacterial organisms are responsible for community-acquired pneumonia (cap) which contributes to substantial burden on health management. a new resequencing microarray (rpm-ivdc1) associated with targeted multiplex pcr was recently developed and validated for multiple respiratory viruses detection and discrimination. in this study, we evaluated the capability of rpm-ivdc1 for simultaneous identification of multiple viral and bacterial organisms. the nasopharyngeal aspi ... | 2015 | 26074910 |
| toxicity of macrolide antibiotics on isolated heart mitochondria: a justification for their cardiotoxic adverse effect. | 1. macrolides belong to the polyketide class of natural products. these products are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) which their activity stems from the presence of a macrolide ring. antibiotic macrolides are used to treat infections caused by gram-positive bacteria and haemophilus influenzae infections such as respiratory tract and soft-tissue infections. macrolides, mainly erythromycin and clarithromycin, rarely show qt prolongation, as their infamous adverse reaction which can lead t ... | 2016 | 26068526 |
| high pulmonary levels of il-6 and il-1β in children with chronic suppurative lung disease are associated with low systemic ifn-γ production in response to non-typeable haemophilus influenzae. | non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is commonly associated with chronic suppurative lung disease in children. we have previously shown that children with chronic suppurative lung disease have a reduced capacity to produce ifn-γ in response to nthi compared with healthy control children. the aim of this study was to determine if deficient nthi-specific ifn-γ production is associated with heightened systemic or airway inflammation. we measured a panel of cytokines (ifn-γ, il-1β, il-6, il-8, ... | 2015 | 26066058 |
| polyarticular septic arthritis caused by haemophilus influenzae serotype f in an 8-month-old immunocompetent infant: a case report and review of the literature. | background. the standard use of vaccinations against pathogens has resulted in a decreased incidence of musculoskeletal infections caused by these previously common bacterial pathogens. consequently, the incidence of infections caused by atypical bacteria is rising. this report presents a case of septic arthritis caused by non-type b h. influenzae in a pediatric patient. methods. we report a case of an infant with polyarticular septic arthritis caused by h. influenzae serotype f. a literature re ... | 2015 | 26064739 |
| epidemiology of infectious meningitis in the state of amazonas, brazil. | in the state of amazonas, particularly in the capital manaus, meningitis has affected populations of different cultures and social strata over the years. bacterial meningitis is caused by several different species and represents a major issue of public health importance. the present study reports the meningitis case numbers with different etiologies in amazonas from january 1976 to december 2012. | 2015 | 26061374 |
| pneumonia prevention during a humanitarian emergency: cost-effectiveness of haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in somalia. | pneumonia is a leading cause of death among children less than five years old during humanitarian emergencies. haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) and streptococcus pneumoniae are the leading causes of bacterial pneumonia. vaccines for both of these pathogens are available to prevent pneumonia. problem this study describes an economic analysis from a publicly funded health care system perspective performed on a birth cohort in somalia, a country that has experienced a protracted humanitarian eme ... | 2015 | 26061190 |