Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| involvement of bacterial quorum-sensing signals in spoilage of bean sprouts. | bacterial communication signals, acylated homoserine lactones (ahls), were extracted from samples of commercial bean sprouts undergoing soft-rot spoilage. bean sprouts produced in the laboratory did not undergo soft-rot spoilage and did not contain ahls or ahl-producing bacteria, although the bacterial population reached levels similar to those in the commercial sprouts, 10(8) to 10(9) cfu/g. ahl-producing bacteria (enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonads) were isolated from commercial sprouts, and ... | 2005 | 15933035 |
| a differential medium for the isolation and rapid identification of a plant soft rot pathogen, erwinia chrysanthemi. | a medium was developed for the isolation and differentiation of erwinia chrysanthemi from other erwinia spp. based on the production of blue-pigmented indigoidine. the medium, named ngm, consists of nutrient agar supplemented with 1% glycerol, that induces pigment production, and 2 mm mncl2*4h2o, that further enhances color development. more than fifty e. chrysanthemi strains from six different plant hosts were tested. all tested strains of e. chrysanthemi grew well on the ngm medium, developing ... | 2006 | 15927293 |
| hardness corrections for copper are inappropriate for protecting sensitive freshwater biota. | toxicity testing using a freshwater alga (chlorella sp.), a bacterium (erwinnia sp.) and a cladoceran (ceriodaphnia cf. dubia) exposed to copper in synthetic and natural freshwaters of varying hardness (44-375 mg caco3/l), with constant alkalinity, ph and dissolved organic carbon concentration, demonstrated negligible hardness effects in the ph range 6.1-7.8. therefore, the use of a generic hardness-correction algorithm, developed as part of national water quality guidelines for protecting fresh ... | 2005 | 15910895 |
| the quorum-quenching lactonase from bacillus thuringiensis is a metalloprotein. | lactonases from bacillus species hydrolyze the n-acylhomoserine lactone (ahl) signaling molecules used in quorum-sensing pathways of many gram-negative bacteria, including pseudomonas aeruginosa and erwinia carotovora, both significant pathogens. because of sequence similarity, these ahl lactonases have been assigned to the metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily of proteins, which includes metalloenzymes of diverse activity, mechanism, and metal content. however, a recent study claims that ahl lacto ... | 2005 | 15895999 |
| bacteriophage control of foodborne bacteriat. | bacteriophages are measurable components of the natural microflora in the food production continuum from the farm to the retail outlet. phages are remarkably stable in these environments and are readily recovered from soil, sewage, water, farm and processing plant effluents, feces, and retail foods. purified high-titer phage lysates have been used for the species-specific control of bacteria during the pre- and postharvest phases of food production and storage. for example, the inhibition of the ... | 2005 | 15895751 |
| stimulation of erwinia sp. fumarase and aspartase synthesis by changing medium components. | the optimal concentrations of nutrient medium components, aeration conditions, and ph providing for maximum biomass yields, as well as fumarase and l-aspartase activities, during submerged cultivation of erwinia sp. were determined. the data showed that different concentrations of carbon source (molasses) and ph of the nutrient medium were required to reach the maximum fumarase and l-aspartase activities. calculations performed by application of the additive lattice model suggested that the comb ... | 2005 | 15858235 |
| identification of a major qtl together with several minor additive or epistatic qtls for resistance to fire blight in apple in two related progenies. | although fire blight, caused by the bacterium erwinia amylovora, is one of the most destructive diseases of apple (malus x domestica) worldwide, no major, qualitative gene for resistance to this disease has been identified to date in apple. we conducted a quantitative trait locus (qtl) analysis in two f(1) progenies derived from crosses between the cultivars fiesta and either discovery or prima. both progenies were inoculated in the greenhouse with the same strain of e. amylovora, and the length ... | 2005 | 15856158 |
| structure of a full length psychrophilic cellulase from pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis revealed by x-ray diffraction and small angle x-ray scattering. | pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis is a psychrophilic gram-negative bacterium isolated in antarctica, that lives on organic remains of algae. this bacterium converts the cellulose, highly constitutive of algae, into an immediate nutritive form by biodegrading this biopolymer. to understand the mechanisms of cold adaptation of its enzymatic components, we studied the structural properties of an endoglucanase, cel5g, by complementary methods, x-ray crystallography and small angle x-ray scattering. usi ... | 2005 | 15854656 |
| identification of a carotenoid oxygenase synthesizing acyclic xanthophylls: combinatorial biosynthesis and directed evolution. | a carotenoid desaturase homolog from staphylococcus aureus (crtox) was identified. when expressed in engineered e. coli cells synthesizing linear c(30) carotenoids, polar carotenoid products were generated, identified as aldehyde and carboxylic acid c(30) carotenoid derivatives. the major product in this engineered pathway is the fully desaturated c(30) dialdehyde carotenoid 4,4'-diapolycopen-4,4'-dial. very low carotenoid yields were observed when crtox was complemented with the c(40) carotenoi ... | 2005 | 15850982 |
| sipk signaling controls multiple components of harpin-induced cell death in tobacco. | harpin from pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (hrpz) elicits a rapid cell death response in tobacco plants. multiple signaling components, including mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk), reactive oxygen species (ros) and salicylic acid (sa), have been reported to be involved in this cell death process, but the interaction between these molecules is poorly understood. here we show through utilizing plants manipulated in sipk expression levels that lack of sipk results in increased sensitiv ... | 2005 | 15842625 |
| spoilage of vegetable crops by bacteria and fungi and related health hazards. | after harvest, vegetables are often spoiled by a wide variety of microorganisms including many bacterial and fungal species. the most common bacterial agents are erwinia carotovora, pseudomonas spp., corynebacterium, xanthomonas campestris, and lactic acid bacteria with e. carotovora being the most common, attacking virtually every vegetable type. fungi commonly causing spoilage of fresh vegetables are botrytis cinerea, various species of the genera alternaria, aspergillus, cladosporium, colleto ... | 2005 | 15839403 |
| autoinduction in erwinia amylovora: evidence of an acyl-homoserine lactone signal in the fire blight pathogen. | erwinia amylovora causes fire blight disease of apple, pear, and other members of the rosaceae. here we present the first evidence for autoinduction in e. amylovora and a role for an n-acyl-homoserine lactone (ahl)-type signal. two major plant virulence traits, production of extracellular polysaccharides (amylovoran and levan) and tolerance to free oxygen radicals, were controlled in a bacterial-cell-density-dependent manner. two standard autoinducer biosensors, agrobacterium tumefaciens ntl4 an ... | 2005 | 15838048 |
| lethal effect of the gliding arc discharges on erwinia spp. | to compare the decontamination performances of glidarc on strains of erwinia of industrial interest. | 2005 | 15836472 |
| microbiological quality of sous and tamarind, traditional drinks consumed in jordan. | this study was conducted to evaluate the microbiological quality of sous (a drink prepared by extracting dried roots of glycyrrhiza glabra) and tamarind (a drink prepared by infusing tamarindus indica dried pulp), traditional drinks consumed in jordan. twenty-one samples of sous and 44 samples of tamarind were collected from the local market in amman, jordan. water is the major component of the drinks. sous drink is characterized by having an alkaline ph (range, 6.6 to 9.9; mean, 8.6), whereas t ... | 2005 | 15830669 |
| pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships of asparaginase formulations: the past, the present and recommendations for the future. | the discovery of the tumour-inhibitory properties of asparaginase began 50 years ago with the observation that guinea-pig serum-treated lymphoma-bearing mice underwent rapid and often complete regression. soon afterwards, the asparaginase of bacterial origin was isolated. the asparaginases of bacterial origin induce anti-asparaginase neutralising antibodies in a large proportion of patients (44-60%), thus negating the specific enzymatic activity and resulting in failure of the target amino acid ... | 2005 | 15828851 |
| novel quorum-sensing-controlled genes in erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora: identification of a fungal elicitor homologue in a soft-rotting bacterium. | seven new genes controlled by the quorum-sensing signal molecule n-(3-oxohexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (ohhl) have been identified in erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora. using tnphoa as a mutagen, we enriched for mutants defective in proteins that could play a role in the interaction between e. carotovora subsp. carotovora and its plant hosts, and identified nipecc and its counterpart in e. carotovora subsp. atroseptica. these are members of a growing family of proteins related to nep1 from f ... | 2005 | 15828686 |
| identification of a new quorum-sensing-controlled virulence factor in erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica secreted via the type ii targeting pathway. | two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the secreted proteins of erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica revealed a low-abundance protein that was identified by mass spectrometry as a homologue of a xanthomonas campestris avirulence protein with unknown function. the predicted svx protein has an n-terminal signal sequence and zinc binding-region signature, and the mature protein is post-translationally modified. a 2d difference gel electrophoresis (dige) showed that the protein is se ... | 2005 | 15828685 |
| the 120 592 bp incf plasmid prsb107 isolated from a sewage-treatment plant encodes nine different antibiotic-resistance determinants, two iron-acquisition systems and other putative virulence-associated functions. | the antibiotic-multiresistance incf plasmid prsb107 was isolated by a transformation-based approach from activated-sludge bacteria of a wastewater-treatment plant. it confers resistance to ampicillin, penicillin g, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, sulfonamides, tetracycline and trimethoprim and against mercuric ions. complete sequencing of this plasmid revealed that it is 120 592 bp in size and has a g+c content of 53.1 mol%. the plasmid backbone is composed of t ... | 2005 | 15817778 |
| azospirillum brasilense produces the auxin-like phenylacetic acid by using the key enzyme for indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis. | an antimicrobial compound was isolated from azospirillum brasilense culture extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography and further identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as the auxin-like molecule, phenylacetic acid (paa). paa synthesis was found to be mediated by the indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase, previously identified as a key enzyme in indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) production in a. brasilense. in minimal growth medium, paa biosynthesis by a. brasilense was only observed in ... | 2005 | 15812004 |
| improving the nutritional value of golden rice through increased pro-vitamin a content. | "golden rice" is a variety of rice engineered to produce beta-carotene (pro-vitamin a) to help combat vitamin a deficiency, and it has been predicted that its contribution to alleviating vitamin a deficiency would be substantially improved through even higher beta-carotene content. we hypothesized that the daffodil gene encoding phytoene synthase (psy), one of the two genes used to develop golden rice, was the limiting step in beta-carotene accumulation. through systematic testing of other plant ... | 2005 | 15793573 |
| cloning and sequencing of a genomic island found in the brazilian purpuric fever clone of haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius. | a genomic island was identified in the haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius brazilian purpuric fever (bpf) strain f3031. this island, which was also found in other bpf isolates, could not be detected in non-bpf biogroup aegyptius strains or in nontypeable or typeable h. influenzae strains, with the exception of a region present in the type b eagan strain. this 34,378-bp island is inserted, in reference to h. influenzae rd kw20, within a choline transport gene and contains a mosaic structure ... | 2005 | 15784532 |
| self-assembly of an amphiphilic iron(iii) chelator: mimicking iron acquisition in marine bacteria. | 2005 | 15770628 | |
| regulation and biosynthesis of carbapenem antibiotics in bacteria. | carbapenem antibiotics are members of the beta-lactam family of antibiotics, the most important class of antibiotics currently in clinical use. they are active against many important gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens. one important feature of carbapenem antibiotics is their resistance to several beta-lactamases. thienamycin, isolated from streptomyces cattleya, was the first carbapenem described. other well-studied carbapenems were isolated from the gram-negative bacteria erwinia carotov ... | 2005 | 15759042 |
| detection of and response to signals involved in host-microbe interactions by plant-associated bacteria. | diverse interactions between hosts and microbes are initiated by the detection of host-released chemical signals. detection of these signals leads to altered patterns of gene expression that culminate in specific and adaptive changes in bacterial physiology that are required for these associations. this concept was first demonstrated for the members of the family rhizobiaceae and was later found to apply to many other plant-associated bacteria as well as to microbes that colonize human and anima ... | 2005 | 15755957 |
| biosorption and recycling of gold using various microorganisms. | in order to obtain basic information on the biosorption and recycling of gold from aqueous systems using microbial cells, the biosorption of gold by various microorganisms was investigated. of 75 strains of microorganisms tested (25 bacteria, 19 actinomycetes, 17 fungi and 14 yeasts), high abilities of gold biosorption from a solution containing hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (iii) were found in some gram-negative bacterial strains, such as acinetobacter calcoaceticus, erwinia herbicola, pseudomonas ... | 2004 | 15754248 |
| characterization of the highly efficient sucrose isomerase from pantoea dispersa uq68j and cloning of the sucrose isomerase gene. | sucrose isomerase (si) genes from pantoea dispersa uq68j, klebsiella planticola uq14s, and erwinia rhapontici wac2928 were cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. the predicted products of the uq14s and wac2928 genes were similar to known sis. the uq68j si differed substantially, and it showed the highest isomaltulose-producing efficiency in e. coli cells. the purified recombinant wac2928 si was unstable, whereas purified uq68j and uq14s sis were very stable. uq68j si activity was optimal at p ... | 2005 | 15746363 |
| role of the phop-phoq system in the virulence of erwinia chrysanthemi strain 3937: involvement in sensitivity to plant antimicrobial peptides, survival at acid hh, and regulation of pectolytic enzymes. | erwinia chrysanthemi is a phytopathogenic bacterium that causes soft-rot diseases in a broad number of crops. the phop-phoq system is a key factor in pathogenicity of several bacteria and is involved in the bacterial resistance to different factors, including acid stress. since e. chrysanthemi is confronted by acid ph during pathogenesis, we have studied the role of this system in the virulence of this bacterium. in this work, we have isolated and characterized the phop and phoq mutants of e. ch ... | 2005 | 15743964 |
| mutations of ousa alter the virulence of erwinia chrysanthemi. | a negative correlation was observed between the aggressiveness of several erwinia chrysanthemi strains on potato tuber and their osmotic tolerance. the disruption of the ousa gene encoding the major osmoprotectant uptake system highly enhanced bacterial virulence on potato tubers. the ousa disruption also increased the maceration efficiency on potato tubers under anaerobic conditions. in the absence of oxygen, pectate lyase (pel) production was significantly higher in the tissue macerated with t ... | 2005 | 15720084 |
| potential ecotoxicological implication of methyl tert-butyl ether (mtbe) spills in the environment. | streptomyceticidal activity of methyl tert-butyl ether (mtbe) elucidated for the first time. adverse effect of mtbe, the gasoline additive, against 11 soil inhabitant streptomyces spp. isolates was investigated. mtbe, an octane enhancer is added to gasoline to reduce atmospheric concentrations of carbon monoxide and ozone. it contaminates soil and groundwater by fuel leaks and spills. streptomyces spp. are of the major contributors to the biological buffering of soils by exerting beneficial and ... | 2004 | 15673212 |
| an improved method for the enzymatic transformation of nucleosides into 5'-monophosphates. | an improved method to transform nucleosides into 5'-monophosphates using nucleoside phosphotransferase from erwinia herbicola is reported. the method is based on the shift in the equilibrium state of the reaction to the formation of desired product due to its precipitation by zn2+. under optimal conditions, the extent of nucleoside transformations into nucleoside-5'-monophosphates were 41-91% (mol). | 2004 | 15672226 |
| role of the stress sigma factor rpos in gaca/rsma-controlled secondary metabolism and resistance to oxidative stress in pseudomonas fluorescens cha0. | in pseudomonas fluorescens biocontrol strain cha0, the two-component system gacs/gaca positively controls the synthesis of extracellular products such as hydrogen cyanide, protease, and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, by upregulating the transcription of small regulatory rnas which relieve rsma-mediated translational repression of target genes. the expression of the stress sigma factor sigmas (rpos) was controlled positively by gaca and negatively by rsma. by comparison with the wild-type cha0, both ... | 2005 | 15668026 |
| novel mutants of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora defective in the production of plant cell wall degrading enzymes generated by mu transpososome-mediated insertion mutagenesis. | as in erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora the regulation details of the main virulence factors, encoding extracellular enzymes that degrade the plant cell wall, is only rudimentally understood, we performed a genetic screen to identify novel candidate genes involved in the process. initially, we used mu transpososome-mediated mutagenesis approach to generate a comprehensive transposon insertion mutant library of ca. 10000 clones and screened the clones for the loss of extracellular enzyme produ ... | 2005 | 15668006 |
| antibacterial activity of seed proteins of robinia pseudoacacia. | a low molecular weight cationic peptide was isolated from robinia pseudoacacia seed and tested in vitro against seven bacteria (corynebacterium michiganense, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, pseudomonas syringae pv syringae, xanthomonas campestris pv campestris, and escherichia coli). the peptide inhibited the growth of the tested strains. the effective concentrations required for 50% inhibition of bacterial growth ranged between 20 and 120 microg m ... | 2005 | 15664465 |
| carbapenem antibiotic biosynthesis in erwinia carotovora is regulated by physiological and genetic factors modulating the quorum sensing-dependent control pathway. | erwinia carotovora produces the beta-lactam antibiotic, carbapenem, in response to a quorum sensing signalling molecule, n-(3-oxohexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (ohhl). we have mapped the ohhl-dependent promoter upstream of the first of the biosynthetic genes, cara. we have also analysed the effect on this promoter of the known genetic regulators of carbapenem expression, carr, cari (encoding homologues of luxr and luxi respectively) and hor (encoding a slya/marr-like transcriptional regulator). ... | 2005 | 15659168 |
| ectopic expression of anthocyanin 5-o-glucosyltransferase in potato tuber causes increased resistance to bacteria. | the principal goal of this paper was to investigate the significance of anthocyanin 5-o-glucosyltransferase (5-ugt) for potato tuber metabolism. the ectopic expression of a 5-ugt cdna in the tuber improved the plant's defense against pathogen infection. the resistance of transgenic lines against erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora was about 2-fold higher than for nontransformed plants. in most cases the pathogen resistance was accompanied by a significant increase in tuber yield. to investigate ... | 2005 | 15656661 |
| bioactive ellagitannins from cunonia macrophylla, an endemic cunoniaceae from new caledonia. | chemical study of cunonia macrophylla, a new caledonian cunoniaceae, based on bioactive effects of a crude methanol extract of the leaves, detected bioactive tannins for the first time in this plant family. these ellagitannins have been identified as ellagic acid-4-o-beta-d-xylopyranoside (6), mallorepanin (3), mallotinic acid (1) along with corilagin (2), chebulagic acid (4), ellagic acid (5) and gallic acid (7) and have been shown to possess antimicrobial activity and to inhibit xanthine oxida ... | 2005 | 15652581 |
| escherichia coli-asparaginase (elspar) is superior to erwinia-asparaginase (erwinase) in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (all) induction--an early response study using minimal residual disease (mrd) markers. | 2004 | 15651203 | |
| use of 1,4-naphthoquinones for control of erwinia carotovora. | the antimicrobial effect of 5 naphthoquinones was tested against the phytopathogenic bacteria erwinia carotovora. disk diffusion tests and determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) indicate that the compound naphthazarin (ntz) has the best antibacterial activity among the naphthoquinones tested. studies on the mode of action indicate the effect of ntz was bactericidal at 10 microg/ml. when cultivation was done in the presence of sodium ascorbate, the restoration of e. carotovora g ... | 2004 | 15644912 |
| degradation of acyl-homoserine lactone molecules by acinetobacter sp. strain c1010. | a bacterium c1010, isolated from the rhizospheres of cucumbers in fields in korea, degraded the microbial quorum-sensing molecules, hexanoyl homoserine lactone (hhsl), and octadecanoyl homoserine lactone (ohsl). morphological characteristics and 16s rrna sequence analysis identified c1010 as acinetobacter sp. strain c1010. this strain was able to degrade the acyl-homoserine lactones (ahls) produced by the biocontrol bacterium, pseudomonas chlororaphis o6, and a phytopathogenic bacterium, burkhol ... | 2004 | 15644910 |
| effective production of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine (l-dopa) with erwinia herbicola cells carrying a mutant transcriptional regulator tyrr. | the enzymatic production of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine (l-dopa) using erwinia herbicola cells involves the action of tyrosine phenol-lyase (tpl, ec 4.1.99.2). since tpl is only synthesized under l-tyrosine-induced conditions, the addition of l-tyrosine to the medium is unavoidable when preparing cells (the enzyme source), but severely impedes the pure preparation of the final product l-dopa. we circumvented this problem by using recombinant e. herbicola cells carrying a mutant transcriptional ... | 2005 | 15639092 |
| altering substrate chain length specificity of an acylhomoserine lactone synthase in bacterial communication. | quorum sensing mediated by specific signal compounds (autoinducers) allows bacteria to monitor their cell density and enables a synchronized regulation of target gene sets. the best studied group of autoinducers are the acylhomoserine lactones (ahsls), which are central to the regulation of virulence in many plant and animal pathogens. variation of the acyl side chain of the ahsls underlies the observed species specificity of this communication system. here we show that even different strains of ... | 2005 | 15634689 |
| antibacterial activity of cuminum cyminum l. and carum carvi l. essential oils. | essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation from fruits of cuminum cyminum l. and carum carvi l. were analyzed by gas chromatography (gc) and gc-mass spectrometry (ms). the main components of c. cyminum oil were p-mentha-1,4-dien-7-al, cumin aldehyde, gamma-terpinene, and beta-pinene, while those of the c. carvi oil were carvone, limonene, germacrene d, and trans-dihydrocarvone. antibacterial activity, determined with the agar diffusion method, was observed against gram-positive and gram-negat ... | 2005 | 15631509 |
| the erwinia chrysanthemi type iii secretion system is required for multicellular behavior. | enterobacterial animal pathogens exhibit aggregative multicellular behavior, which is manifested as pellicles on the culture surface and biofilms at the surface-liquid-air interface. pellicle formation behavior requires production of extracellular polysaccharide, cellulose, and protein filaments, known as curli. protein filaments analogous to curli are formed by many protein secretion systems, including the type iii secretion system (ttss). here, we demonstrate that erwinia chrysanthemi, which d ... | 2005 | 15629935 |
| a farmer's occupational airborne contact dermatitis masqueraded by coexisting rosacea: delayed diagnosis and legal acknowledgement. | a rare case of coexistence of occupational airborne dermatitis with rosacea is presented in a 41-year-old female farmer. her first dermatitis symptoms appeared at the age of 10 when she started helping her parents on the farm. uncovered skin areas of the face, neck, décolleté, forearms and the hands gradually became involved. the dermatitis symptoms were provoked by agricultural dusts (especially of flax and dried herbs). for the subsequent 30 years, the work-related disease remained undiagnosed ... | 2004 | 15627345 |
| exposure to airborne microorganisms, dust and endotoxin during flax scutching on farms. | microbiological air sampling was performed on 5 flax farms located in eastern poland. air samples for determination of the concentrations of microorganisms, dust and endotoxin were collected in barns during machine scutching of flax stems by the farmers. the concentrations of mesophilic bacteria ranged from 203.5-698.8 x 10(3) cfu/m3, of gram-negative bacteria from 27.2-123.4 x 10(3) cfu/m3, of thermophilic actinomycetes from 0.5-2.6 x 10(3) cfu/m3, and of fungi from 23.4-99.8 x 10(3) cfu/m3. th ... | 2004 | 15627342 |
| genetic diversity of harpins from xanthomonas oryzae and their activity to induce hypersensitive response and disease resistance in tobacco. | three hrfa (hypersensitive response-functioning faction a) homologues (hrfl, hrf2 and hrf3) are cloned from 12 strains of xanthomonas oryzae using pcr based techniques. hrf1, hrf2 and hrf3 are derived from strains belonging to x. o. pv. oryzae, x. o. pv. oryzicola and x. o. pv. oryzae respectively. sequence analysis shows that all three genes encode glycine-rich proteins with various numbers of ggg-gg motifs. they all share a conserved cysteine residue at position 45 or 47. hrf1 and hrf3 encode ... | 2004 | 15623159 |
| anti-fungal and anti-bacterial activity of some herbal remedies from tanzania. | plants are not only important to the millions of people to whom traditional medicine serves as the only opportunity for health care and to those who use plants for various purposes in their daily lives, but also as a source of new pharmaceuticals. during interviews with the pare people from northeastern tanzania, 29 plants that are used for medicinal purposes as well as 41 plants used for non-medicinal purposes were reported. six medicinally used plants were selected for bioactivity analysis. ex ... | 2004 | 15619565 |
| erwinia chrysanthemi requires a second iron transport route dependent of the siderophore achromobactin for extracellular growth and plant infection. | full virulence of the pectinolytic enterobacterium erwinia chrysanthemi strain 3937 depends on the production in planta of the catechol-type siderophore chrysobactin. under iron-limited conditions, e. chrysanthemi synthesizes a second siderophore called achromobactin belonging to the hydroxy/carboxylate class of siderophore. in this study, we cloned and functionally characterized a 13 kb long operon comprising seven genes required for the biosynthesis (acs) and extracellular release (yhca) of ac ... | 2005 | 15612933 |
| the abi2-dependent abscisic acid signalling controls hrpn-induced drought tolerance in arabidopsis. | hrpn, a protein produced by the plant pathogenic bacterium erwinia amylovora, has been shown to stimulate plant growth and resistance to pathogens and insects. here we report that hrpn activates abscisic acid (aba) signalling to induce drought tolerance (dt) in arabidopsis thaliana l. plants grown with water stress. spraying wild-type plants with hrpn-promoted stomatal closure decreased leaf transpiration rate, increased moisture and proline levels in leaves, and alleviated extents of damage to ... | 2004 | 15599761 |
| chlorophyllase 1, a damage control enzyme, affects the balance between defense pathways in plants. | accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ros) is central to plant response to several pathogens. one of the sources of ros is the chloroplast because of the photoactive nature of the chlorophylls. chlorophyllase 1 (encoded by atclh1) of arabidopsis thaliana is quickly induced after tissue damage (e.g., caused by the bacterial necrotroph erwinia carotovora or the necrotrophic fungus alternaria brassicicola). rna interference silencing of atclh1 resulted in failure to degrade free chlorophyll afte ... | 2004 | 15598807 |
| the plant pathogen erwinia amylovora produces acyl-homoserine lactone signal molecules in vitro and in planta. | we report for the first time the production of acyl homoserine lactones (ahls) by erwina amylovora, an important quarantine bacterial pathogen that causes fire blight in plants. e. amylovora produces one n-acyl homoserine lactone [a n-(3-oxo-hexanoyl)-homoserine lactone or a n-(3-hydroxy-hexanoyl)-homoserine lactone] quorum sensing signal molecule both in vitro and in planta (pear plant). given the involvement of ahls in plant pathogenesis, we speculate that ahl-dependent quorum sensing could pl ... | 2004 | 15598530 |
| identification and characterization of nip, necrosis-inducing virulence protein of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora. | erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora is a gram-negative bacterium that causes soft rot disease of many cultivated crops. when a collection of e. carotovora subsp. carotovora isolates was analyzed on a southern blot using the harpin-encoding gene hrpn as probe, several harpinless isolates were found. regulation of virulence determinants in one of these, strain scc3193, has been characterized extensively. it is fully virulent on potato and in arabidopsis thaliana. an rpos (sigmas) mutant of scc319 ... | 2004 | 15597742 |
| nucleotide sequences, genetic organization, and distribution of peu30 and pel60 from erwinia amylovora. | the nucleotide sequences, genetic organization, and distribution of plasmids peu30 (30,314 bp) and pel60 (60,145 bp) from the plant pathogen erwinia amylovora are described. the newly characterized peu30 and pel60 plasmids inhabited strains isolated in the western united states and lebanon, respectively. the gene content of peu30 resembled plasmids found in plant-associated bacteria, while that of pel60 was most similar to incl/m plasmids inhabiting enteric bacteria. | 2004 | 15574957 |
| antibacterial activity of cichorium intybus. | antibacterial activity of the water, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of cichorium intybus was investigated. all the tested extracts showed antibacterial activity, the ethyl acetate extract being the most active. water extract inhibits agrobacterium radiobacter sp. tumefaciens, erwinia carotovora, pseudomonas fluorescens and p. aeruginosa. | 2004 | 15567253 |
| cloning, sequencing and partial characterisation of sorbitol transporter (srlt) gene encoding phosphotransferase system, glucitol/sorbitol-specific iibc components of erwinia herbicola atcc 21998. | a dna fragment of approximately 1500 bp, harbouring the sorbitol transport gene (srlt), was amplified from the chromosomal dna of erwinia herbicola atcc 21998 by pcr and cloned in escherichia coli jm109. degenerate oligonucleotide primers used were designed based on the conserved regions in the gene sequences within the gut operon of e. coli (gene bank accession no. j02708) and the srl operon of erwinia amylovora (gene bank accession no. y14603). the cloned dna fragment was sequenced and found t ... | 2004 | 15560368 |
| [genetic regulation of pathogenicity and virulence factors in bacteria erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica: phenotypic characteristic of bacteria with the mutant kdud gene]. | in contrast to the closely related bacteria erwinia chrysanthemi, bacteria erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica produce lower levels of main pathogenicity and virulence factors (pectate lyases, cellulases, and proteases) in the presence of pectins. this effect was shown to be connected with the accumulation of the intermediate product of intracellular degradation of these substances, 2,5-diketo-3-deoxygluconate (dk2). the presence of dk2 in the culture broth of mutant bacteria, connected to its ... | 2004 | 15559146 |
| [genetic regulation of pathogenicity and virulence factors in bacteria erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica: identification of kdud gene]. | a mutant that cannot utilize pectin substances of plant cell walls was obtained via insertion of mini-mini-tn5xyle transposon into the chromosome of phytopathogenic bacteria erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica. the inability of mutant cells to utilize these substrates was caused by a failure to accomplish the catabolism of unsaturated digalacturonic acid (uda). study of enzymatic activities has established that mutant bacteria lost the ability to produce 2,5-diketo-3-deoxygluconate dehydrogena ... | 2004 | 15559145 |
| wiring of pqq-dehydrogenases. | the performance of pyrroloquinoline quinone (pqq) dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) and two types of pqq-glucose dehydrogenases in solution and when immobilized on the carbon paste electrodes modified with ferrocene derivatives is investigated. the immobilization of adh consisting of pqq and four hemes improves its stability up to 10 times. both pqq and heme moieties are involved in the electron transport from substrate to electrode. the ferrocene derivatives improve the electron transport 1 ... | 2004 | 15556370 |
| involvement of n-acylhomoserine lactones throughout plant infection by erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica (pectobacterium atrosepticum). | erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica is responsible for potato blackleg disease in the field and tuber soft rot during crop storage. the process leading to the disease occurs in two phases: a primary invasion step followed by a maceration step. bacteria-to-bacteria communication is associated with a quorum-sensing (qs) process based on the production of n-acylhomoserine lactones (hsl). the role of hsl throughout plant infection was analyzed. to this purpose, hsl produced by a specific e. caroto ... | 2004 | 15553252 |
| molecular cloning and functional expression of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase from coleus forskohlii briq. | isopentenyl diphosphate (ipp), a common biosynthetic precursor to the labdane diterpene forskolin, has been biosynthesised via a non-mevalonate pathway. geranylgeranyl diphosphate (ggpp) synthase is an important branch point enzyme in terpenoid biosynthesis. therefore, ggpp synthase is thought to be a key enzyme in biosynthesis of forskolin. herein we report the first confirmation of the ggpp synthase gene in coleus forskohlii briq. | 2004 | 15550168 |
| erwinia toletana sp. nov., associated with pseudomonas savastanoi-induced tree knots. | gram-negative bacteria were isolated from knots induced by pseudomonas savastanoi in olive trees (olea europaea l.). a total of nine endophytic bacterial strains were isolated, each from inside a different tree knot. biochemical characterization indicated that all the strains belong to the family enterobacteriaceae. phylogenetic analyses of the 16s rrna genes of these novel isolates revealed that they formed a homogeneous cluster within erwinia species. dna signatures of these isolates were iden ... | 2004 | 15545461 |
| metabolic engineering of high carotenoid potato tubers containing enhanced levels of beta-carotene and lutein. | in order to enhance the carotenoid content of potato tubers, transgenic potato plants have been produced expressing an erwinia uredovora crtb gene encoding phytoene synthase, specifically in the tuber of solanum tuberosum l. cultivar desiree which normally produces tubers containing c. 5.6 microg carotenoid g(-1) dw and also in solanum phureja l. cv. mayan gold which has a tuber carotenoid content of typically 20 microg carotenoid g(-1) dw. in developing tubers of transgenic crtb desiree lines, ... | 2005 | 15533882 |
| comparative genomics of the kdgr regulon in erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 and other gamma-proteobacteria. | in the plant-pathogenic enterobacterium erwinia chrysanthemi, almost all known genes involved in pectin catabolism are controlled by the transcriptional regulator kdgr. in this study, the comparative genomics approach was used to analyse the kdgr regulon in completely sequenced genomes of eight enterobacteria, including erw. chrysanthemi, and two vibrio species. application of a signal recognition procedure complemented by operon structure and protein sequence analysis allowed identification of ... | 2004 | 15528647 |
| ultrastructural alterations of erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica caused by treatment with aluminum chloride and sodium metabisulfite. | aluminum and bisulfite salts inhibit the growth of several fungi and bacteria, and their application effectively controls potato soft rot caused by erwinia carotovora. in an effort to understand their inhibitory action, ultrastructural changes in erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica after exposure (0 to 20 min) to different concentrations (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 m) of these salts were examined by using transmission electron microscopy. plasma membrane integrity was evaluated by using the sytox gree ... | 2004 | 15528547 |
| glutamine, glutamate, and alpha-glucosylglycerate are the major osmotic solutes accumulated by erwinia chrysanthemi strain 3937. | erwinia chrysanthemi is a phytopathogenic soil enterobacterium closely related to escherichia coli. both species respond to hyperosmotic pressure and to external added osmoprotectants in a similar way. unexpectedly, the pools of endogenous osmolytes show different compositions. instead of the commonly accumulated glutamate and trehalose, e. chrysanthemi strain 3937 promotes the accumulation of glutamine and alpha-glucosylglycerate, which is a new osmolyte for enterobacteria, together with glutam ... | 2004 | 15528516 |
| downstream divergence of the ethylene signaling pathway for harpin-stimulated arabidopsis growth and insect defense. | ethylene (et) signal transduction may regulate plant growth and defense, depending on which components are recruited into the pathway in response to different stimuli. we report here that the et pathway controls both insect resistance (ir) and plant growth enhancement (pge) in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) plants responding to harpin, a protein produced by a plant pathogenic bacterium. pge may result from spraying plant tops with harpin or by soaking seeds in harpin solution; the latter esp ... | 2004 | 15516507 |
| innate immunity in arabidopsis thaliana: lipopolysaccharides activate nitric oxide synthase (nos) and induce defense genes. | lipopolysaccharides (lps) are cell-surface components of gram-negative bacteria and are microbe-/pathogen-associated molecular patterns in animal pathosystems. as for plants, the molecular mechanisms of signal transduction in response to lps are not known. here, we show that arabidopsis thaliana reacts to lps with a rapid burst of no, a hallmark of innate immunity in animals. fifteen lps preparations (among them burkholderia cepacia, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and erwinia carotovora) as well as lip ... | 2004 | 15498873 |
| diet-dependent effects of gut bacteria on their insect host: the symbiosis of erwinia sp. and western flower thrips. | studies on bacteria in the gut of insect species are numerous, but their focus is hardly ever on the impact on host performance. we showed earlier that erwinia bacteria occur in the gut of western flower thrips, most probably acquired during feeding. here, we investigate whether thrips gain a net benefit or pay a net cost because of these gut bacteria. on a diet of cucumber leaves, the time to maturity is shorter and the oviposition rate is higher in thrips with bacteria than in thrips without ( ... | 2004 | 15475338 |
| identification of a chromosome-borne class c beta-lactamase from erwinia rhapontici. | to characterize the beta-lactamase gene content of erwinia rhapontici. | 2004 | 15472000 |
| [multiple change of phenotype, conjugated with the loss of yellow pigmentation of erwinia herbicola]. | it has been shown that the loss of yellow pigmentation (phenotype crt) of nonphotosynthesizing epiphyte bacterium erwinia herbicola is accompanied by the loss of prototrophicity (phenotype thi). most crt thi-variants change the character of sensitivity to temperate erwiniophage e105 and bacteriocins (phenotype ph/bn). some of them become sensitive to the killer effect of their own bacteriocins--autocins (phenotype au). multiple change of the phenotype in e. herbicola occurs so spontaneously as u ... | 2004 | 15456215 |
| genome-wide identification of plant-upregulated genes of erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 using a gfp-based ivet leaf array. | a green fluorescent protein-based in vivo expression technology leaf array was used to identify genes in erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 that were specifically upregulated in plants compared with growth in a laboratory culture medium. of 10,000 e. chrysanthemi 3937 clones, 61 were confirmed as plant upregulated. on the basis of sequence similarity, these were recognized with probable functions in metabolism (20%), information transfer (15%), regulation (11%), transport (11%), cell processes (11%), and ... | 2004 | 15384490 |
| use of a pooled transposon mutation grid to demonstrate roles in disease development for erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica putative type iii secreted effector (dspe/a) and helper (hrpn) proteins. | soft rot erwinia spp., like other closely related plant pathogens, possess a type iii secretion system (ttss) (encoded by the hrp gene cluster) implicated in disease development. we report the sequence of the entire hrp gene cluster and adjacent dsp genes in erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica scri1039. the cluster is similar in content and structural organization to that in e. amylovora. however, eight putative genes of unknown function located within the e. carotovora subsp. atroseptica clus ... | 2004 | 15384484 |
| the secretome of the plant pathogenic bacterium erwinia chrysanthemi. | erwinia chrysanthemi causes soft-rot diseases of many plants by secreting a battery of enzymes which degrade the plant cell walls. we initiated a proteomic analysis to create a reference map of the e. chrysanthemi secretome. extracellular proteins were isolated from e. chrysanthemi culture supernatants and resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis. by analysis of mutants, western blotting, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (maldi-tof) 55 spots representing 25 uniqu ... | 2004 | 15378709 |
| expression of viral eps-depolymerase reduces fire blight susceptibility in transgenic pear. | erwinia amylovora is the causal agent of fire blight of maloideae. one of the main pathogenicity factors of this bacterium is the exopolysaccharide (eps) of its capsule. in this paper, we used genetic transformation tools to constitutively express an eps-depolymerase transgene in the pear (pyrus communis l.) cv. passe crassane with the aim of decreasing its high susceptibility to fire blight. expression of the depolymerase gene in 15 independent transgenic clones led, on average, to low depolyme ... | 2005 | 15375629 |
| genomic dna detection using cycling probe technology and capillary gel electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence. | cycling probe technology (cpt) is an isothermal dna analysis method that has been shown to be useful for identifying genetic markers of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in clinical settings. cpt assays have previously employed several assay methods that include polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and magnetic beads for separations and radioisotopic and colorimetric detection for detection. capillary gel electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence (cge-lif) is an alternative separation and detect ... | 2004 | 15356906 |
| [isolation of endophytic bacteria in potato and test of antagonistic action to bacterial ring rot of potato]. | in this study, two hundred and forty bacterial strains were isolated from inner tissue of potato tubers collected from datong, taiyuan and inner mongolia autonomous regions. on the basis of antagonistic examination in vitro, fifty and five bacteria strains were characterized for antagonistic bacteria to ring rot of potato. it was 22.9 percentage of all bacteria strains. the biggest radius of suppression circle was 13 mm. nine strains were chosen for their suppression of bacterial ring rot, black ... | 2002 | 15346992 |
| mutational analysis of xanthomonas harpin hpag identifies a key functional region that elicits the hypersensitive response in nonhost plants. | hpag is a type iii-secreted elicitor protein of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines. we have determined the critical amino acid residues important for hypersensitive response (hr) elicitation by random and site-directed mutagenesis of hpag and its homolog xopa. a plasmid clone carrying hpag was mutagenized by site-directed mutagenesis, hydroxylamine mutagenesis, and error-prone pcr. a total of 52 mutants were obtained, including 51 single missense mutants and 1 double missense mutant. the hr eli ... | 2004 | 15342594 |
| plant defense gene promoter enhances the reliability of shiva-1 gene-induced resistance to soft rot disease in potato. | pal5, a tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.) plant defense gene that encodes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, is known to respond to a variety of environmental stresses including pathogen infection and wounding. a shiva-1 gene recombinant that encodes a small synthetic antibacterial peptide under the pal5 gene promoter was transformed into potato (solanum tuberosum l.) and its ability to induce resistance to erwinia carotovora was compared with a construct under the control of the constitutive and ... | 2004 | 15309537 |
| potato plants genetically modified to produce n-acylhomoserine lactones increase susceptibility to soft rot erwiniae. | many gram-negative bacteria employ n-acylhomoserine lactones (ahl) to regulate diverse physiological processes in concert with cell population density (quorum sensing [qs]). in the plant pathogen erwinia carotovora, the ahl synthesized via the cari/expi genes are responsible for regulating the production of secreted plant cell wall-degrading exoenzymes and the antibiotic carbapen-3-em carboxylic acid. we have previously shown that targeting the product of an ahl synthase gene (yeni) from yersini ... | 2004 | 15305609 |
| characterization of metabolic pathway of linoleic acid 9-hydroperoxide in cytosolic fraction of potato tubers and identification of reaction products. | potato tubers are shown to contain a unique lipoxygenase pathway to form 9-hydroperoxy-10,12-octadecadienoic acid (9-hpode) from linoleic acid. here, we report the metabolic pathway of 9-hpode in the cytosolic fraction and the characterization of enzymes involved in the conversion of metabolites. the analysis of enzymatic reaction products at ph 5.5 revealed the formation of 9-keto-10,12-octadecadienoic acid, 9-hydroxy-10,12-octadecadienoic acid, 9,10-epoxy-11-hydroxy-12-octadecenoic acid, 9,10, ... | 2004 | 15304744 |
| crystallization of cytochrome b562 from erwinia chrysanthemi. | cytochrome b(562) from erwinia chrysanthemi has been crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method with ammonium sulfate as the precipitant. x-ray precession photographs show that the crystals formed belong to either of the enantiomorphic space groups p4(1)2(1)2 or p4(3)2(1)2 with the cell parameters a = b = 98.6 and c = 62.7 a. estimation of the crystal density and consideration of the possible values for v(m) indicate that there is either a dimer or trimer in the asymmetric unit. ... | 1997 | 15299955 |
| crystallization of xylanase from erwinia chrysanthemi: influence of heat and polymeric substrate. | xylanase from the bacterial plant pathogen erwinia chrysanthemi (e.c. 3.2.1.8), expressed in e. coli, has been crystallized for x-ray diffraction analysis both in the presence and the absence of its polymeric substrate 4-o-methyl glucuronoxylan. in all cases it was found that the quality, time of appearance, and reproducibility of both the native and complex crystals were significantly enhanced by heating of the protein to 323 k prior to dispensing the crystallization trials. crystals of the nat ... | 1997 | 15299927 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of shikimate kinase from erwinia chrysanthemi. | shikimate kinase from erwinia chrysanthemi, overexpressed in escherichia coli has been crystallized by the vapour-diffusion method using sodium chloride as a precipitant. mass spectrometry was used to confirm the purity of the shikimate kinase and dynamic light scattering was used to assess conditions for the monodispersity of the enzyme. the crystals are tetragonal, space group p4(1)2(1)2 or enantiomorph with cell dimensions a = b = 108.5 and c = 92.8 a (at 100 k). native crystals diffract to b ... | 1997 | 15299895 |
| erwinia chrysanthemi o antigen is required for betaine osmoprotection in high-salt media. | cellular components necessary for osmoprotection are poorly known. in this study we show that o antigen is specifically required for the effectiveness of betaines as osmoprotectants for erwinia chrysanthemi in saline media. the phenotype is correlated with the inability of rfb mutant strains to maintain a high accumulation level of betaines in hypersaline media. | 2004 | 15292161 |
| expression of bacteriophage phiea1h lysozyme in escherichia coli and its activity in growth inhibition of erwinia amylovora. | a 3.3 kb fragment from erwinia amylovora phage ea1h in plasmid pjh94 was previously characterized and found to contain an exopolysaccharide depolymerase (dpo) gene and two additional orfs encoding 178 and 119 amino acids. orf178 (lyz) and orf119 (hol) were found to overlap by 19 bp and they resembled genes encoding lysozymes and holins. in nucleotide sequence alignments, lyz had structurally conserved regions with residues important for lysozyme function. the lyz gene was cloned into an expressi ... | 2004 | 15289567 |
| kinetic and structural optimization to catalysis at low temperatures in a psychrophilic cellulase from the antarctic bacterium pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis. | the cold-adapted cellulase celg has been purified from the culture supernatant of the antarctic bacterium pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis and the gene coding for this enzyme has been cloned, sequenced and expressed in escherichia coli. this cellulase is composed of three structurally and functionally distinct regions: an n-terminal catalytic domain belonging to glycosidase family 5 and a c-terminal cellulose-binding domain belonging to carbohydrate-binding module family 5. the linker of 107 resid ... | 2004 | 15287848 |
| assessment of genetic variability of haploids extracted from tetraploid (2n = 4x = 48) solanum tuberosum. | the objectives of this study were to assess the genetic variability of haploids (2n = 2x = 24) extracted from tetraploid solanum tuberosum through 4x x 2x crosses with solanum phureja. molecular and phenotypic analyses were performed to fingerprint the genotypes used and to evaluate their potential use in breeding programs. aflp analysis revealed the presence of specific bands derived from the tetraploid seed parent s. phureja, as well as ex novo originated bands. on average, 210 bands were visu ... | 2004 | 15284867 |
| cloning and partial characterization of zwittermicin a resistance gene cluster from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain hd1. | the study seeks to shed light on the aminopolyol, broad-spectrum antibiotic zwittermicin a gene cluster of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd1 and to identify any new uncharacterized genes with an eventual goal to establish a better understanding of the resistance gene cluster. | 2004 | 15281929 |
| the bacterial type iii secretion system-associated pilin hrpa has an unusually long mrna half-life. | secondary structures affect mrna stability and may play a role in protein secretion. we have studied the mrna of hrpa, which codes for the major structural unit of the type iii secretion system-associated pilus of pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, erwinia carotovora and pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola. we show that hrpa mrna has an unusually long half-life, approximately 33-47 min. we mapped regions in the transcript that affected hrpa mrna accumulation. apparently, sequences at both 5' and ... | 2004 | 15280045 |
| fungistatic and bacteriostatic activities of alkamides from heliopsis longipes roots: affinin and reduced amides. | this work demonstrates the fungistatic and bacteriostatic activities of affinin, the main alkamide of heliopsis longipes (gray) blake (asteraceae) roots and two alkamides obtained by catalytic reduction of affinin: n-isobutyl-2e-decenamide and n-isobutyl-decanamide. the bioactivity was tested against rhizoctonia solani groups ag3 and ag5, sclerotium rolfsii, sclerotium cepivorum, fusarium sp., vertcillium sp., phytopathogenic fungi; phytophthora infestans, a phytopathogenic chromista; saccharomy ... | 2004 | 15264902 |
| genome sequence of the enterobacterial phytopathogen erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica and characterization of virulence factors. | the bacterial family enterobacteriaceae is notable for its well studied human pathogens, including salmonella, yersinia, shigella, and escherichia spp. however, it also contains several plant pathogens. we report the genome sequence of a plant pathogenic enterobacterium, erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica (eca) strain scri1043, the causative agent of soft rot and blackleg potato diseases. approximately 33% of eca genes are not shared with sequenced enterobacterial human pathogens, including s ... | 2004 | 15263089 |
| structure and hydrodynamic properties of the extracellular polysaccharide from a mutant strain (ra3w) of erwinia chrysanthemi ra3. | the structure of the extracellular polysaccharide (eps) produced by erwinia chrysanthemi strain ra3w, a mutant strain of e. chrysanthemi ra3, has been determined using low pressure size-exclusion and anion-exchange chromatographies, high ph anion-exchange chromatography, glycosyl linkage analysis, and 1d 1h nmr spectroscopy. the polysaccharide is structurally similar, if not identical, to the family of eps produced by such as e. chrysanthemi strains ech9, ech9sm6, and sr260. the molecular weight ... | 2004 | 15261600 |
| endophytic bacterial communities of field-grown potato plants and their plant-growth-promoting and antagonistic abilities. | to study the effect of plant growth on potato-associated bacteria, the composition and properties of bacteria colonizing the endosphere of field-grown potato were analyzed by a multiphasic approach. the occurrence and diversity of potato-associated bacteria were monitored by a cultivation-independent approach, using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 16s rdna. the patterns obtained revealed a high heterogeneity of community composition and suggested the existence of pl ... | 2004 | 15213748 |
| a family of conserved bacterial effectors inhibits salicylic acid-mediated basal immunity and promotes disease necrosis in plants. | salicylic acid (sa)-mediated host immunity plays a central role in combating microbial pathogens in plants. inactivation of sa-mediated immunity, therefore, would be a critical step in the evolution of a successful plant pathogen. it is known that mutations in conserved effector loci (cel) in the plant pathogens pseudomonas syringae (the delta cel mutation), erwinia amylovora (the dspa/e mutation), and pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii (the wtse mutation) exert particularly strong negative effe ... | 2004 | 15210989 |
| transgenic potatoes expressing a novel cationic peptide are resistant to late blight and pink rot. | potato is the world's largest non-cereal crop. potato late blight is a pandemic, foliar wasting potato disease caused by phytophthora infestans, which has become highly virulent, fungicide resistant, and widely disseminated. similarly, fungicide resistant isolates of phytophthora erythroseptica, which causes pink rot, have also become an economic scourge of potato tubers. thus, an alternate, cost effective strategy for disease control has become an international imperative. here we describe a st ... | 2004 | 15198205 |
| the erwinia chrysanthemi ec16 hrp/hrc gene cluster encodes an active hrp type iii secretion system that is flanked by virulence genes functionally unrelated to the hrp system. | erwinia chrysanthemi is a host-promiscuous plant pathogen that possesses a type iii secretion system (ttss) similar to that of the host-specific pathogens e. amylovora and pseudomonas syringae. the regions flanking the ttss-encoding hrp/hrc gene clusters in the latter pathogens encode various ttss-secreted proteins. dna sequencing of the complete e. chrysanthemi hrp/hrc gene cluster and approximately 12 kb of the flanking regions (beyond the previously characterized heca adhesin gene in the left ... | 2004 | 15195947 |
| determining a significant change in protein expression with decyder during a pair-wise comparison using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis. | two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (dige) is a tool for measuring changes in protein expression between samples involving pre-electrophoretic labeling with cyanine dyes. here we assess a common method to analyze dige data using the decyder software system. experimental error was studied by a series of same sample comparisons. aliquots of sample were labeled with n-hydroxyl succinimidyl ester-derivatives of cy2, cy3, and cy5 dyes and run together on one gel. this allowed assessment of ... | 2004 | 15188411 |
| characterization of pantoea dispersa uq68j: producer of a highly efficient sucrose isomerase for isomaltulose biosynthesis. | isolation, identification and characterization of a highly efficient isomaltulose producer. | 2004 | 15186446 |
| effects of quaternary-ammonium-based formulations on bacterial community dynamics and antimicrobial susceptibility. | quaternary ammonium compounds (qacs) are widely used as adjuncts to hygiene in domestic cleaning products. current concern that the increased use of such biocides in consumer products might contribute to the emergence of antibiotic resistance has led us to examine the effects of a qac-containing domestic cleaning fluid on the population dynamics and antimicrobial susceptibility of domestic sink drain biofilm communities. qac susceptibilities of numerically dominant, culturable drain bacteria (15 ... | 2004 | 15184143 |
| tolaasins a--e, five new lipodepsipeptides produced by pseudomonas tolaasii. | pseudomonas tolaasii, the causal organism of brown blotch disease of agaricus bisporus and of the yellowing of pleurotus ostreatus, was shown to produce in culture tolaasin i (1), tolaasin ii (2), and five other minor metabolites, tolaasins a, b, c, d, and e (3-7). these compounds were demonstrated to be important in the development of the disease symptoms. this paper reports on the structural elucidation, based essentially on nmr studies and ms spectra, and biological activity of the above lipo ... | 2004 | 15165142 |