Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| comparison of two pcr methods for detection of leptospira interrogans in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. | in this study we compared two polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods using either 16s ribosomal rna (rrna) or 23s rrna gene primers for the detection of different leptospira interrogans serovars. the performance of these two methods was assessed using dna extracted from bovine tissues previously inoculated with several bacterial suspensions. pcr was performed on the same tissues before and after the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedding procedure (ffpe tissues). the 23s rdna pcr detected all fresh ... | 2012 | 22310540 |
| identification of novel dna-binding proteins using dna-affinity chromatography/pull down. | this units presents methods through which one may isolate and identify novel bacterial dna-binding proteins. briefly, the dna sequence of interest is affixed to beads, and then incubated with bacterial cytoplasmic extract. washes with buffers containing nonspecific dna and low-salt concentrations will remove non-adhering and low-specificity dna-binding proteins, while subsequent washes with higher salt concentrations will elute more specific dna-binding proteins. eluted proteins may then be iden ... | 2012 | 22307548 |
| leptospirosis in american samoa 2010: epidemiology, environmental drivers, and the management of emergence. | leptospirosis has recently been reported as an emerging disease worldwide, and a seroprevalence study was undertaken in american samoa to better understand the drivers of transmission. antibodies indicative of previous exposure to leptospirosis were found in 15.5% of 807 participants, predominantly against three serovars that were not previously known to occur in american samoa. questionnaires and geographic information systems data were used to assess behavioral factors and environmental determ ... | 2012 | 22302868 |
| the role of nuclear technologies in the diagnosis and control of livestock diseases--a review. | nuclear and nuclear-related technologies have played an important role in animal health, particularly in relation to disease diagnosis and characterization of pathogenic organisms. this review focuses primarily on how and where nuclear technologies, both non-isotopic and isotopic methods, have made their impact in the past and where it might be expected they could have an impact in the future. the review outlines the extensive use of radiation attenuation in attempts to create vaccines for a mul ... | 2012 | 22286376 |
| establishment of a leptospirosis model in guinea pigs using an epicutaneous inoculations route. | abstract: background: leptospires are presumed to enter their host via small abrasions or breaches of the skin. the intraperitoneal route, although commonly used in guinea pig and hamster models of leptospirosis, does not reflect conditions encountered during natural infection. the aim of this study is to develop a novel leptospirosis guinea pig model through epicutaneous route and to elucidate the pathogenesis of leptospirosis in experimental guinea pigs by comparing the data from other studie ... | 2012 | 22273178 |
| serum antibodies to whole-cell and recombinant antigens of borrelia burgdorferi in cottontail rabbits. | archived serum samples, from 95 eastern cottontail rabbits (sylvilagus floridanus) captured in new york, new york, usa and millbrook, new york, usa, during 1985-86, were analyzed in solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) for total and class-specific immunoglobulin (ig) m antibodies to whole-cell or recombinant antigens of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto. using a polyvalent conjugate, rabbit sera contained antibodies to whole-cell and recombinant antigens (protein [p]35, p37, o ... | 2012 | 22247369 |
| leptospirosis diagnosed by molecular dna detection on skin biopsy. | leptospirosis is one of the most common anthropozoonoses in the world. humans are accidental hosts who get infected through damaged skin or conjunctiva from environmental sources such as soil and water contaminated by urine or tissues from infected animals. we report the case of a young man for whom the diagnosis was obtained by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) detection from a skin biopsy. | 2010 | 22242069 |
| antibodies to a novel leptospiral protein, lruc, in the eye fluids and sera of horses with leptospira-associated uveitis. | screening of an expression library of leptospira interrogans with eye fluids from uveitic horses resulted in identification of a novel protein, lruc. lruc is located in the inner leaflet of the leptospiral outer membrane, and an lruc gene was detected in all tested pathogenic l. interrogans strains. lruc-specific antibody levels were significantly higher in eye fluids and sera of uveitic horses than healthy horses. these findings suggest that lruc may play a role in equine leptospiral uveitis. | 2012 | 22237897 |
| three-dimensional structures of pathogenic and saprophytic leptospira revealed by cryo-electron tomography. | leptospira interrogans is the primary causative agent of the most widespread zoonotic disease, leptospirosis. an in-depth structural characterization of l. interrogans is needed to understand its biology and pathogenesis. in this study, cryo-electron tomography (cryo-et) was used to compare pathogenic and saprophytic species and examine the unique morphological features of this group of bacteria. specifically, our study revealed a structural difference between the cell envelopes of l. interrogan ... | 2012 | 22228733 |
| helicobacter pylori versus the host: remodeling of the bacterial outer membrane is required for survival in the gastric mucosa. | modification of bacterial surface structures, such as the lipid a portion of lipopolysaccharide (lps), is used by many pathogenic bacteria to help evade the host innate immune response. helicobacter pylori, a gram-negative bacterium capable of chronic colonization of the human stomach, modifies its lipid a by removal of phosphate groups from the 1- and 4'-positions of the lipid a backbone. in this study, we identify the enzyme responsible for dephosphorylation of the lipid a 4'-phosphate group i ... | 2011 | 22216004 |
| The Fate of Glucose-1-Phosphate into Oligo and Polysaccharides in Streptomyces coelicolor: Characterization of recombinant UDP- and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylases and of glycogen synthase. | Streptomyces coelicolor exhibits a major secondary metabolism, deriving important amounts of glucose to synthesize pigmented antibiotics. Understanding the pathways occurring in the bacterium with respect to synthesis of oligo and polysaccharides is of relevance to figure out a real scenario on the partitioning of glucose-1-phosphate into different metabolic fates. We report the molecular cloning of the genes coding for UDP- and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylases as well as for glycogen synthase fro ... | 2011 | 22210767 |
| cloning, expression, and homology modeling of groel protein from leptospira interrogans serovar autumnalis strain n2. | leptospirosis is an infectious bacterial disease caused by leptospira species. in this study, we cloned and sequenced the gene encoding the immunodominant protein groel from l. interrogans serovar autumnalis strain n2, which was isolated from the urine of a patient during an outbreak of leptospirosis in chennai, india. this groel gene encodes a protein of 60 kda with a high degree of homology (99% similarity) to those of other leptospiral serovars. recombinant groel was overexpressed in escheric ... | 2011 | 22196358 |
| the antibacterial activity of ll-37 against treponema denticola is dentilisin-protease independent and facilitated by the major outer sheath protein virulence factor. | host defense peptides are innate immunoeffectors that possess both bactericidal activities and immunomodulatory functions. deficiency in the human ll-37 host defense peptide has been previously correlated with severe periodontal disease. treponema denticola is an oral anaerobic spirochete closely associated with the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. the t. denticola major surface protein (msp), involved in adhesion and in cytotoxicity, and the dentilisin serine protease are key virulence fact ... | 2011 | 22184422 |
| effects of recent leptospira vaccination on whole blood real-time pcr testing in healthy client-owned dogs. | bacterin-based canine leptospira vaccines could present a challenge for the use of whole blood real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) as a diagnostic tool. recent vaccination could induce positive results if the targeted dna fragment is present within the vaccine and in the blood of the recently vaccinated dog. | 2011 | 22182214 |
| a liga three-domain region protects hamsters from lethal infection by leptospira interrogans. | the leptospiral liga protein consists of 13 bacterial immunoglobulin-like (big) domains and is the only purified recombinant subunit vaccine that has been demonstrated to protect against lethal challenge by a clinical isolate of leptospira interrogans in the hamster model of leptospirosis. we determined the minimum number and location of liga domains required for immunoprotection. immunization with domains 11 and 12 was found to be required but insufficient for protection. inclusion of a third d ... | 2011 | 22180800 |
| growth response and shedding of leptospira spp. in urine following vaccination for leptospirosis in young farmed deer. | abstract | 2012 | 22175424 |
| methylation and in vivo expression of the surface-exposed leptospira interrogans outer membrane protein ompl32. | recent studies have revealed that bacterial protein methylation is a widespread post-translational modification that is required for virulence in selected pathogenic bacteria. in particular, altered methylation of outer membrane proteins has been shown to modulate the effectiveness of the host immune response. in this study, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry identified a leptospira interrogans serovar c ... | 2011 | 22174381 |
| human leptospira isolates circulating in mayotte (indian ocean) have unique serological and molecular features. | leptospirosis is one of the most widespread zoonoses in the world. however, there is a lack of information on leptospira circulating strains in remote parts of the world. we describe the serological and molecular features of leptospires isolated from 94 leptospirosis patients in mayotte, a french department located in the comoros archipelago, between 2007 and 2010. multilocus sequence typing identified these isolates as l. interrogans, l. kirschneri, l. borgpetersenii, and a previously undefined ... | 2011 | 22162544 |
| leptospirosis prevalence in chinese populations in the last two decades. | leptospirosis is a common zoonotic disease in china. from 1991 to 2010, its average annual incidence was 0.70 cases per 100,000 population. during these two decades, three major outbreaks of leptospirosis occurred due to flooding and heavy rainfall. leptospira interrogans serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae serovar lai is the predominant leptospire responsible for at least 60% of chinese cases, and apodemus agrarius serves as the major animal host. based on the differences in predominant leptospiral s ... | 2011 | 22155621 |
| putting structure into context: fitting of atomic models into electron microscopic and electron tomographic reconstructions. | a complete understanding of complex dynamic cellular processes such as cell migration or cell adhesion requires the integration of atomic level structural information into the larger cellular context. while direct atomic-level information at the cellular level remains inaccessible, electron microscopy, electron tomography and their associated computational image processing approaches have now matured to a point where sub-cellular structures can be imaged in three dimensions at the nanometer scal ... | 2011 | 22152946 |
| putting structure into context: fitting of atomic models into electron microscopic and electron tomographic reconstructions. | a complete understanding of complex dynamic cellular processes such as cell migration or cell adhesion requires the integration of atomic level structural information into the larger cellular context. while direct atomic-level information at the cellular level remains inaccessible, electron microscopy, electron tomography and their associated computational image processing approaches have now matured to a point where sub-cellular structures can be imaged in three dimensions at the nanometer scal ... | 2011 | 22152946 |
| [Southern taiga combined natural foci of spirochetoses]. | Study of possibility of existence of combined natural foci of spirochetoses (ixodes tick borrelioses and leptospiroses) in typical taiga forests, and their etiologic and reservoir-host structure. | 2011 | 22145345 |
| investment in rapid growth shapes the evolutionary rates of essential proteins. | proteins evolve at very different rates and, most notably, at rates inversely proportional to the level at which they are produced. the relative frequency of highly expressed proteins in the proteome, and thus their impact on the cell budget, increases steeply with growth rate. the maximal growth rate is a key life-history trait reflecting trade-offs between rapid growth and other fitness components. we show that the maximal growth rate is weakly affected by genetic drift. the negative correlati ... | 2011 | 22135464 |
| editorial note. | abstract in the article "experimental infection of the possum (trichosurus vulpecula) with leptospira interrogans serovar balcanica. i. a comparison of laboratory techniques for the detection of leptospiraemia and leptospiruria" by s. c. hathaway (n.z.vet.j.29: 121-5) tables ii and iii did not relate to the text. all reprints of this article will contain the correct tables. | 1981 | 22133070 |
| proteogenomic analysis of bacteria and archaea: a 46 organism case study. | experimental evidence is increasingly being used to reassess the quality and accuracy of genome annotation. proteomics data used for this purpose, called proteogenomics, can alleviate many of the problematic areas of genome annotation, e.g. short protein validation and start site assignment. we performed a proteogenomic analysis of 46 genomes spanning eight bacterial and archaeal phyla across the tree of life. these diverse datasets facilitated the development of a robust approach for proteogeno ... | 2011 | 22114679 |
| Outbreak of leptospirosis among triathlon participants in Langau, Austria, 2010. | We report on the first documented outbreak of leptospirosis in Austria. In July 2010, four cases of serologically confirmed leptospirosis occurred in athletes after a triathlon held in Langau. Heavy rains preceded the triathlon (rainfall: 22 mm). The index case (Patient A) was a 41-year-old previously healthy male, who was admitted to hospital A on July 8 with a four-day history of fever up to 40°C that began 14 days after attending the triathlon event. On July 7, patient B, a 42-year-old male, ... | 2011 | 22105111 |
| estimation of absolute protein quantities of unlabeled samples by selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. | for many research questions in modern molecular and systems biology information about absolute protein quantities is imperative. these include, for example, kinetic modeling of processes, protein turnover determinations, stoichiometric investigations of protein complexes or quantitative comparisons of different proteins within one or across samples. to date, the vast majority of proteomic studies are limited to providing relative quantitative comparisons of protein levels between limited numbers ... | 2011 | 22101334 |
| Borrelia burgdorferi enolase is a surface-exposed plasminogen binding protein. | Borrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent of Lyme disease, the most commonly reported arthropod-borne disease in the United States. B. burgdorferi is a highly invasive bacterium, yet lacks extracellular protease activity. In order to aid in its dissemination, B. burgdorferi binds plasminogen, a component of the hosts' fibrinolytic system. Plasminogen bound to the surface of B. burgdorferi can then be activated to the protease plasmin, facilitating the bacterium's penetration of endothelial cel ... | 2011 | 22087329 |
| the quantitative proteome of a human cell line. | the generation of mathematical models of biological processes, the simulation of these processes under different conditions, and the comparison and integration of multiple data sets are explicit goals of systems biology that require the knowledge of the absolute quantity of the system's components. to date, systematic estimates of cellular protein concentrations have been exceptionally scarce. here, we provide a quantitative description of the proteome of a commonly used human cell line in two f ... | 2011 | 22068332 |
| generic comparison of protein inference engines. | protein identifications, instead of peptide-spectrum matches, constitute the biologically relevant result of shotgun proteomics studies. how to appropriately infer and report protein identifications has triggered a still ongoing debate. this debate has so far suffered from the lack of appropriate performance measures that allow us to objectively assess protein inference approaches. this study describes an intuitive, generic and yet formal performance measure and demonstrates how it enables exper ... | 2011 | 22057310 |
| generic comparison of protein inference engines. | protein identifications, instead of peptide-spectrum matches, constitute the biologically relevant result of shotgun proteomics studies. how to appropriately infer and report protein identifications has triggered a still ongoing debate. this debate has so far suffered from the lack of appropriate performance measures that allow us to objectively assess protein inference approaches. this study describes an intuitive, generic and yet formal performance measure and demonstrates how it enables exper ... | 2011 | 22057310 |
| comparative proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in the urine of reservoir hosts of leptospirosis. | rattus norvegicus is a natural reservoir host for pathogenic species of leptospira. experimentally infected rats remain clinically normal, yet persistently excrete large numbers of leptospires from colonized renal tubules via urine, despite a specific host immune response. whilst persistent renal colonization and shedding is facilitated in part by differential antigen expression by leptospires to evade host immune responses, there is limited understanding of kidney and urinary proteins expressed ... | 2011 | 22043303 |
| rodent abundance dynamics and leptospirosis carriage in an area of hyper-endemicity in new caledonia. | widespread but particularly incident in the tropics, leptospirosis is transmitted to humans directly or indirectly by virtually any mammal species. however, rodents are recognized as the most important reservoir. in endemic regions, seasonal outbreaks are observed during hot rainy periods. in such regions, hot spots can be evidenced, where leptospirosis is "hyper-endemic", its incidence reaching 500 annual cases per 100,000. a better knowledge of how rodent populations and their leptospira preva ... | 2011 | 22039557 |
| a highly stable plastidic-type ferredoxin-nadp(h) reductase in the pathogenic bacterium leptospira interrogans. | leptospira interrogans is a bacterium that is capable of infecting animals and humans, and its infection causes leptospirosis with a range of symptoms from flu-like to severe illness and death. despite being a bacteria, leptospira interrogans contains a plastidic class ferredoxin-nadp(h) reductase (fnr) with high catalytic efficiency, at difference from the bacterial class fnrs. these flavoenzymes catalyze the electron transfer between nadp(h) and ferredoxins or flavodoxins. the inclusion of a p ... | 2011 | 22039544 |
| Subunit approach to evaluation of the immune protective potential of leptospiral antigens. | Leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis in the world. Current vaccines are based on whole-cell preparations that cause severe side effects and do not induce satisfactory immunity. In light of the leptospiral genome sequences recently made available, several studies aimed at identification of protective recombinant immunogens have been performed; however, few such immunogens have been identified. The aim of this study was to evaluate 27 recombinant antigens to determine their potential to i ... | 2011 | 22030369 |
| A Surface Enolase Participates in Borrelia burgdorferi-Plasminogen Interaction and Contributes to Pathogen Survival within Feeding Ticks. | Borrelia burgdorferi, a tick-borne bacterial pathogen, causes a disseminated infection involving multiple organs known as Lyme disease. Surface proteins can directly participate in microbial virulence by facilitating pathogen dissemination via interaction with host factors. We show here that a fraction of the B. burgdorferi chromosomal gene product BB0337, annotated as enolase or phosphopyruvate dehydratase, is associated with spirochete outer membrane and is surface exposed. B. burgdorferi enol ... | 2012 | 22025510 |
| survey of leptospira spp in pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus) in the pantanal wetlands of the state of mato grosso do sul, brazil by serology and polymerase chain reaction. | this work reports a survey of leptospira spp in pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus) in the pantanal wetlands of the state of mato grosso do sul, brazil by serology and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). seventy pampas deer were captured in the dry season and surveyed using pcr, microscopic agglutination test (mat) (n = 51) and by both techniques (n = 47). pcr detected infections in two pampas deer and mat detected infections in three. through sequencing and phylogenetic analyses, the pcr-amplifie ... | 2011 | 22012234 |
| functional promiscuity of the cog0720 family. | the biosynthesis of gtp derived metabolites such as tetrahydrofolate (thf), biopterin (bh(4)), and the modified trna nucleosides queuosine (q) and archaeosine (g(+)) relies on several enzymes of the tunnel-fold superfamily. a subset of these proteins includes the 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin (ptps-ii), ptps-iii, and ptps-i homologues, all members of the cog0720 family that have been previously shown to transform 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate (h(2)ntp) into different products. ptps-ii catalyzes ... | 2011 | 21999246 |
| functional promiscuity of the cog0720 family. | the biosynthesis of gtp derived metabolites such as tetrahydrofolate (thf), biopterin (bh(4)), and the modified trna nucleosides queuosine (q) and archaeosine (g(+)) relies on several enzymes of the tunnel-fold superfamily. a subset of these proteins includes the 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin (ptps-ii), ptps-iii, and ptps-i homologues, all members of the cog0720 family that have been previously shown to transform 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate (h(2)ntp) into different products. ptps-ii catalyzes ... | 2011 | 21999246 |
| Communicable diseases prioritized for surveillance and epidemiological research: results of a standardized prioritization procedure in Germany, 2011. | To establish strategic priorities for the German national public health institute (RKI) and guide the institute's mid-term strategic decisions, we prioritized infectious pathogens in accordance with their importance for national surveillance and epidemiological research. | 2011 | 21991334 |
| toll-like receptors and myocardial inflammation. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) are a member of the innate immune system. tlrs detect invading pathogens through the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) recognition and play an essential role in the host defense. tlrs can also sense a large number of endogenous molecules with the damage-associated molecular patterns (damps) that are produced under various injurious conditions. animal studies of the last decade have demonstrated that tlr signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of the crit ... | 2011 | 21977329 |
| A phylometagenomic exploration of oceanic alphaproteobacteria reveals mitochondrial relatives unrelated to the SAR11 clade. | According to the endosymbiont hypothesis, the mitochondrial system for aerobic respiration was derived from an ancestral Alphaproteobacterium. Phylogenetic studies indicate that the mitochondrial ancestor is most closely related to the Rickettsiales. Recently, it was suggested that Candidatus Pelagibacter ubique, a member of the SAR11 clade that is highly abundant in the oceans, is a sister taxon to the mitochondrial-Rickettsiales clade. The availability of ocean metagenome data substantially in ... | 2011 | 21935411 |
| leptospirosis induced pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage. | leptospirosis, a zoonosis with protean manifestations caused by the spirochete leptospira interrogans, occurs worldwide. we report a case of leptospirosis presenting as pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage in a young immunocompetent male. this organism should be considered as an important infectious cause of pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage in the appropriate epidemiological setting. | 2010 | 21932486 |
| deciphering morphological determinants of the helix-shaped leptospira. | leptospira spp. are thin, highly motile, slow-growing spirochetes that can be distinguished from other bacteria on the basis of their unique helical shape. defining the mechanisms by which these bacteria generate and maintain this atypical morphology should greatly enhance our understanding of the fundamental physiology of these pathogens. in this study, we showed that peptidoglycan sacculi from leptospira spp. retain the helical shape of intact cells. interestingly, the distribution of muropept ... | 2011 | 21926230 |
| cholinesterases as markers of the inflammatory process in rats infected with leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae. | the aim of this study was evaluate changes in the cholinesterase activity in blood, lymphocytes and serum of rats infected with leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae ('l. icterohaemorrhagiae'). sixty adult wistar rats were divided into six groups of 10 animals: three control groups and three test groups. the animals from the test groups were intraperitoneally inoculated with 1 ml medium containing 1×10(8) leptospires. the activity of acetylcholinesterase in blood and butyrylcholines ... | 2011 | 21921108 |
| mite allergen der-p2 triggers human b lymphocyte activation and toll-like receptor-4 induction. | allergic disease can be characterized as manifestations of an exaggerated inflammatory response to environmental allergens triggers. mite allergen der-p2 is one of the major allergens of the house dust mite, which contributes to tlr4 expression and function in b cells in allergic patients. however, the precise mechanisms of der-p2 on b cells remain obscure. | 2011 | 21909400 |
| Monoclonal antibodies against the leptospiral immunoglobulin-like proteins A and B conserved regions. | Leptospirosis is an infectious disease caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus Leptospira that affects humans and a wide variety of animals. Recently the genomes of Leptospira interrogans, Leptospira borgpetersenii and Leptospira biflexa species were sequenced allowing the identification of new virulence factors involved in survival and pathogenesis of bacteria. LigA and LigB are surface-exposed bacterial adhesins whose expression is correlated with the virulence of Leptospira strains. In ... | 2011 | 21903270 |
| leptospirosis outbreak in sri lanka in 2008: lessons for assessing the global burden of disease. | global leptospirosis disease burden estimates are hampered by the lack of scientifically sound data from countries with probable high endemicity and limited diagnostic capacities. we describe the seroepidemiologic and clinical characteristics of the leptospirosis outbreak in 2008 in sri lanka. definitive/presumptive case definitions proposed by the world health organization leptospirosis epidemiology reference group were used for case confirmation. of the 404 possible cases, 155 were confirmed t ... | 2011 | 21896807 |
| leptospirosis as frequent cause of acute febrile illness in southern sri lanka. | to determine the proportion of fevers caused by leptospirosis, we obtained serum specimens and epidemiologic and clinical data from patients in galle, sri lanka, march-october 2007. immunoglobulin m elisa was performed on paired serum specimens to diagnose acute (seroconversion or 4-fold titer rise) or past (titer without rise) leptospirosis and seroprevalence (acute). we compared (individually) the diagnostic yield of acute-phase specimens and clinical impression with paired specimens for acute ... | 2011 | 21888794 |
| prevalence of antibodies to leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in bulk tank milk from unvaccinated irish dairy herds. | : bulk tank milk samples, collected from 347 herds throughout the republic of ireland using a sampling frame based on seven milk-recording organisations, were tested by elisa for antibodies to leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. these herds, which had not been vaccinated against leptospirosis within the previous five years, were categorised according to their province, milk-recording organisation and size. two-hundred-and-seventy-three herds (79%) had a positive elisa titre. both the probabil ... | 2004 | 21851657 |
| temporal trends in reproductive performance in irish dairy herds and associated risk factors. | : irish dairy herd fertility has been declining since the 1980s. the extent, nature and causes of this decline in fertility and the current status of irish dairy herd fertility were described. an increase in calving interval of approximately one day per year has been recorded. the principal components of this trend have been an increased incidence of postpartum endocrinopathies, reduced expression of oestrus and a fall in conception rate. both submission rate and calving-to-service interval have ... | 2004 | 21851656 |
| similar structures but different roles - an updated perspective on tlr structures. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) are pattern recognition receptors that recognize conserved structures in pathogens, trigger innate immune responses, and prime antigen-specific adaptive immunity. elucidation of crystal structures of tlrs interacting with their ligands such as tlr1-2 with triacylated lipopeptide, tlr2-6 with diacylated lipopeptide, tlr4-md-2 with lps, and tlr3 with double-stranded rna (dsrna) have enabled an understanding of the initiation of tlr signaling. agonistic ligands such as lp ... | 2011 | 21845181 |
| Gene expression profiles of immune mediators and histopathological findings in animal models of leptospirosis: comparison between susceptible hamsters and resistant mice. | Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonosis characterised by multiple organ failures and the variability of host susceptibility towards pathogenic Leptospira strains. In this study, we put the role of inflammatory mediators in parallel with bacterial burdens and organ lesions by comparing a susceptible animal model, the hamster, and a resistant one, the OF1 mouse, both infected with virulent L. interrogans serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae strain Verdun. Histological observations evidenced oedema, congesti ... | 2011 | 21844232 |
| the novel leptospiral surface adhesin, lsa20, binds laminin, human plasminogen and is probably expressed during infection. | leptospirosis is an emerging infectious disease caused by pathogenic species of leptospira. in this work, we report the cloning, expression, purification and characterization of two predicted leptospiral outer membrane proteins, lic11469, and lic11030. the lic11469 protein is well conserved among leptospiral strains while lic11030 was identified only in l. interrogans. we confirmed by surface proteolysis of intact leptospires with proteinase k that these proteins are most likely new surface lept ... | 2011 | 21844229 |
| standardisation and application of polymerase chain reaction for detection of lru a and lru b gene of leptospira interrogans in aqueous humors of uveitic patients. | 2011 | 21834695 | |
| a computational study of elongation factor g (efg) duplicated genes: diverged nature underlying the innovation on the same structural template. | elongation factor g (efg) is a core translational protein that catalyzes the elongation and recycling phases of translation. a more complex picture of efg's evolution and function than previously accepted is emerging from analyzes of heterogeneous efg family members. whereas the gene duplication is postulated to be a prominent factor creating functional novelty, the striking divergence between efg paralogs can be interpreted in terms of innovation in gene function. | 2011 | 21829651 |
| [the ompa-like protein loa22 from leptospira interrogans serovar lai induces apoptosis in a549 via ca2+ signal pathway]. | to study the effect of loa22 mature peptide on the apoptosis of a549 to explore the mechanism of pulmonary impairment in severe forms of leptospirosis. | 2011 | 21826986 |
| leptospirosis and tularaemia in raccoons (procyon lotor) of larimer country, colorado. | raccoons (procyon lotor) are commonly implicated as carriers of many zoonotic pathogens. the purpose of this cross-sectional study was to look for leptospira interrogans and francisella tularensis in opportunistically sampled, free-ranging raccoons of larimer country, colorado, usa. sixty-five animals were included in the study and testing consisted of gross post-mortem examination, histopathology, and both immunohistochemistry and pcr for l. interrogans and f. tularensis. no significant gross l ... | 2011 | 21824365 |
| characteristic features of intracellular pathogenic leptospira in infected murine macrophages. | leptospira interrogans is a spirochaete responsible for a zoonotic disease known as leptospirosis. leptospires are able to penetrate the abraded skin and mucous membranes and rapidly disseminate to target organs such as the liver, lungs and kidneys. how this pathogen escape from innate immune cells and spread to target organs remains poorly understood. in this paper, the intracellular trafficking undertaken by non-pathogenic leptospira biflexa and pathogenic l.ôçâinterrogans in mouse bone marrow ... | 2011 | 21819516 |
| complete genome sequence of brachyspira intermedia reveals unique genomic features in brachyspira species and phage-mediated horizontal gene transfer. | abstract: | 2011 | 21816042 |
| leptospirosis among hospitalized febrile patients in northern tanzania. | we enrolled consecutive febrile admissions to two hospitals in moshi, tanzania. confirmed leptospirosis was defined as a ≥ 4-fold increase in microscopic agglutination test (mat) titer; probable leptospirosis as reciprocal mat titer ≥ 800; and exposure to pathogenic leptospires as titer ≥ 100. among 870 patients enrolled in the study, 453 (52.1%) had paired sera available, and 40 (8.8%) of these met the definition for confirmed leptospirosis. of 832 patients with ≥ 1 serum sample available, 30 ( ... | 2011 | 21813847 |
| highly virulent leptospira borgpetersenii strain characterized in the hamster model. | abstract. a recent study by our group reported the isolation and partial serological and molecular characterization of four leptospira borgpetersenii serogroup ballum strains. here, we reproduced experimental leptospirosis in golden syrian hamsters (mesocricetus auratus) and carried out standardization of lethal dose 50% (ld50) of one of these strains (4e). clinical disease features and histopathologic analyses of tissue lesions were also observed. as results, strain 4e induced lethality in the ... | 2011 | 21813846 |
| in vitro evidence for immune evasion activity by human plasmin associated to pathogenic leptospira interrogans. | leptospirosis is a widespread re-emerging zoonosis of human and veterinary concern. it has been shown that virulent leptospires protect themselves against the host's innate immune system, a strategy that allows the bacteria to reach immunologically safe environments. although extensive studies on host-pathogen interactions have been performed, little is known on how leptospires deal with host immune attack. in a previous work, we demonstrated the ability of leptospires to bind human plasminogen ... | 2011 | 21802507 |
| structural and sequence analysis of imelysin-like proteins implicated in bacterial iron uptake. | imelysin-like proteins define a superfamily of bacterial proteins that are likely involved in iron uptake. members of this superfamily were previously thought to be peptidases and were included in the merops family m75. we determined the first crystal structures of two remotely related, imelysin-like proteins. the psychrobacter arcticus structure was determined at 2.15 å resolution and contains the canonical imelysin fold, while higher resolution structures from the gut bacteria bacteroides ovat ... | 2011 | 21799754 |
| discovery of an orthoreovirus in the aborted fetus of a steller sea lion (eumetopias jubatus). | an aborted mid-gestational male steller sea lion fetus with an attached placenta was recovered on the floor of an open floating capture trap located off norris rock near denman island, british columbia. viral culture of the placenta demonstrated cytopathic effect. although no specific signal was obtained in microarray experiments using rna obtained from viral culture, elution and sequence analysis revealed the presence of a reovirus. complete genome pyrosequencing led to the identification of an ... | 2011 | 21795475 |
| a sensitive and specific igm-elisa for the serological diagnosis of human leptospirosis using a rlipl32/1-lipl21-ompl1/2 fusion protein. | to construct a lipl32/1-lipl21-ompl1/2 fusion gene and its prokaryotic expression system, and to establish an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using the rlipl32/1-lipl21-ompl1/2 fusion antigen of leptospira interrogans for sensitive and specific detection of igm in the serum of patients with leptospirosis. | 2011 | 21784316 |
| quantification of mrna and protein and integration with protein turnover in a bacterium. | biological function and cellular responses to environmental perturbations are regulated by a complex interplay of dna, rna, proteins and metabolites inside cells. to understand these central processes in living systems at the molecular level, we integrated experimentally determined abundance data for mrna, proteins, as well as individual protein half-lives from the genome-reduced bacterium mycoplasma pneumoniae. we provide a fine-grained, quantitative analysis of basic intracellular processes un ... | 2011 | 21772259 |
| absolute quantification of microbial proteomes at different states by directed mass spectrometry. | over the past decade, liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms) has evolved into the main proteome discovery technology. up to several thousand proteins can now be reliably identified from a sample and the relative abundance of the identified proteins can be determined across samples. however, the remeasurement of substantially similar proteomes, for example those generated by perturbation experiments in systems biology, at high reproducibility and throughput remains ... | 2011 | 21772258 |
| characterization of novel ompa-like protein of leptospira interrogans that binds extracellular matrix molecules and plasminogen. | leptospira interrogans is the etiological agent of leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease of human and veterinary concern. the identification of novel proteins that mediate host-pathogen interactions is important for understanding the bacterial pathogenesis as well as to identify protective antigens that would help fight the disease. we describe in this work the cloning, expression, purification and characterization of three predicted leptospiral membrane proteins, lic10258, lic12880 (lp30) and lic12 ... | 2011 | 21755014 |
| elucidation of a novel vibrio cholerae lipid a secondary hydroxy-acyltransferase and its role in innate immune recognition. | similar to most gram-negative bacteria, the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of vibrio cholerae is comprised of lipopolysaccharide. previous reports have proposed that v. cholerae serogroups o1 and o139 synthesize structurally different lipid a domains, which anchor lipopolysaccharide within the outer membrane. in the current study, intact lipid a species of v. cholerae o1 and o139 were analysed by mass spectrometry. we demonstrate that v. cholerae serogroups associated with human disease syn ... | 2011 | 21752109 |
| immuno-fluorescence assay of leptospiral surface-exposed proteins. | bacterial surface proteins are involved in direct contact with host cells and in uptake of nutrients from the environment (1). for this reason, cellular localization can provide insights into the functional role of bacterial proteins. surface localization of bacterial proteins is a key step towards identification of virulence factors involved in mechanisms of pathogenicity. methods for fractionating leptospiral membranes (2-5) may be selective for a certain class of outer-membrane proteins (omps ... | 2011 | 21750491 |
| incorporation of real-time pcr into routine public health surveillance of culture negative bacterial meningitis in s+úo paulo, brazil. | real-time (rt)-pcr increases diagnostic yield for bacterial meningitis and is ideal for incorporation into routine surveillance in a developing country. we validated a multiplex rt-pcr assay for streptococcus pneumoniae, neisseria meningitidis, and haemophilus influenzae in brazil. risk factors for being culture-negative, rt-pcr positive were determined. the sensitivity of rt-pcr in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) was 100% (95% confidence limits, 96.0%-100%) for n. meningitidis, 97.8% (85.5%-99.9%) fo ... | 2011 | 21731621 |
| inactivation of clpb in the pathogen leptospira interrogans reduces virulence and resistance to stress conditions. | leptospira interrogans is the causative agent of leptospirosis, which is an emerging zoonotic disease. resistance to stress conditions is largely uncharacterized for this bacterium. we therefore decided to analyze a clpb mutant that we obtained by random transposon mutagenesis. the mutant did not produce any of the two isoforms of clpb. the clpb mutant exhibited growth defects at 30-¦ and 37-¦c and in poor nutrient medium and showed increased susceptibility to oxidative stress, whereas the genet ... | 2011 | 21730091 |
| assessment of clinical pathology and pathogen exposure in sea otters (enhydra lutris) bordering the threatened population in alaska. | northern sea otter (enhydra lutris kenyoni) abundance has decreased dramatically over portions of southwest alaska, usa, since the mid-1980s, and this stock is currently listed as threatened under the endangered species act. in contrast, adjacent populations in south central alaska, usa, and russia have been stable to increasing during the same period. sea otters bordering the area classified in the recent decline were live-captured during 2004-2006 at bering island, russia, and the kodiak archi ... | 2011 | 21719822 |
| electrocardiographic changes in hospitalized patients with leptospirosis over a 10-year period. | the aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and type of ecg changes in patients with leptospirosis regardless of clinical evidence of cardiac involvement. | 2011 | 21709630 |
| leptospira interrogans encodes an rok family glucokinase involved in a cryptic glucose utilization pathway. | although leptospira interrogans is unable to utilize glucose as its carbon/energy source, the la_1437 gene of l. interrogans serovar lai potentially encodes a group iii glucokinase (glk). the l. interrogans glk (liglk) heterogeneously expressed in escherichia coli was purified and proved to be a homodimeric enzyme with its specific activity of 12.3 ┬▒ 0.6 u/mg x protein determined under an improved assay condition (ph 9.0, 50 ┬░ c), 7.5-fold higher than that assayed under the previously used con ... | 2011 | 21705346 |
| improvement of trivalent leptospira vaccine by removal of anaphylactic agents. | the anaphylactic reactions in cattle following leptospira vaccination mostly booster dose in different parts of iran have been reported. the serum proteins as allergic substances are components of liquid phase of the vaccine. therefore, the vaccine was modified by washing the whole cultures by centrifugations. the modified vaccine was safe in laboratory animals and cattle as well as under field conditions. microagglutination test revealed a similar pattern of antibody response to the three lepto ... | 2011 | 21698521 |
| leptospirosis is associated with markedly increased triglycerides and small dense low-density lipoprotein and decreased high-density lipoprotein. | the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of acute infection with leptospira interrogans on lipids, lipoproteins and associated enzymes. fasting serum levels of total cholesterol (tc), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ldl-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (hdl-c), triglycerides (tg), apolipoproteins (apo) a-+ö, b, e, c-ii, c-iii and lipoprotein (a) [lp(a)] were determined in patients with leptospirosis on diagnosis and 4-ámonths after recovery as well as in age- a ... | 2011 | 21688175 |
| the farmer who didn't need a wheel barrow. | we report the difficulties encountered in diagnosing leptospirosis in an 85-year-old man who presented with non-specific signs and symptoms. initially, a wide haematologic and oncologic work-up without significant results was performed, as symptoms of several organ dysfunctions emerged and the clinical course showed a rapid deterioration. after several days without a definite diagnosis, the infection was finally detected after reviewing all results and considering the patient's profession as a f ... | 2009 | 21687022 |
| heterologous expression of pathogen-specific genes liga and ligb in the saprophyte leptospira biflexa confers enhanced adhesion to cultured cells and fibronectin. | in comparison to other bacterial pathogens, our knowledge of the molecular basis of the pathogenesis of leptospirosis is extremely limited. an improved understanding of leptospiral pathogenetic mechanisms requires reliable tools for functional genetic analysis. leptospiral immunoglobulin-like (lig) proteins are surface proteins found in pathogenic leptospira, but not in saprophytes. here, we describe a system for heterologous expression of the leptospira interrogans genes liga and ligb in the sa ... | 2011 | 21658265 |
| seasonality of human leptospirosis in reunion island (indian ocean) and its association with meteorological data. | leptospirosis is a disease which occurs worldwide but particularly affects tropical areas. transmission of the disease is dependent on its excretion by reservoir animals and the presence of moist environment which allows the survival of the bacteria. | 2011 | 21655257 |
| trapping conformational states along ligand-binding dynamics of peptide deformylase: the impact of induced fit on enzyme catalysis. | for several decades, molecular recognition has been considered one of the most fundamental processes in biochemistry. for enzymes, substrate binding is often coupled to conformational changes that alter the local environment of the active site to align the reactive groups for efficient catalysis and to reach the transition state. adaptive substrate recognition is a well-known concept; however, it has been poorly characterized at a structural level because of its dynamic nature. here, we provide ... | 2011 | 21629676 |
| outpatient follow-up of patients hospitalized for acute leptospirosis. | the outcome of leptospirosis after the resolution of acute disease, either spontaneously or after treatment, is not well described. the aim of this study was to assess the possible sequelae of acute leptospirosis after hospital discharge. | 2011 | 21616696 |
| should immunocompromised patients have pets? | to evaluate the risks and benefits of pet ownership by immunodeficient patients, focusing primarily on organisms that colonize animals and are transmitted to humans. those diseases that are known to be progressive or more severe in patients with altered immune function are emphasized. | 2008 | 21603465 |
| survival of a pathogenic leptospira serovar in response to combined in vitro ph and temperature stresses. | leptospira interrogans is a zoonotic pathogen hosted commensally by many mammalian species. on the western pacific island of american samoa a seroprevalence survey conducted in 2004 indicated that 17% of subjects tested had been exposed to several leptospira serovars, including l. interogans icterohaemorrhagiae. resource management agencies promoted improved animal waste management practices, including composting, to reduce the risk of water contamination and human exposure from small pig husban ... | 2011 | 21592682 |
| attenuated nephritis in inducible nitric oxide synthase-knockout c57bl/6 mice and pulmonary haemorrhage in cb17 scid and recombination activating gene 1-knockout c57bl/6 mice infected with leptospira interrogans. | the aims of this study were to investigate the frequency of pulmonary haemorrhage (ph) in mice unable to produce functional b- and t-lymphocytes and to explore the effect of an inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) knockout (ko) on the frequency/severity of interstitial nephritis in vivo. we studied the outcome of infection by the virulent leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni strain cop. the animals used were inos-ko mice; recombination activating gene 1 ko (rag1-ko); cb17 severe combined ... | 2011 | 21576342 |
| innate immune responses to systemic acinetobacter baumannii infection in mice: neutrophils, but not il-17, mediate host resistance. | acinetobacter baumannii is a nosocomial pathogen with a high prevalence of multiply drug resistant strains, causing pneumonia and sepsis. the current studies further develop a systemic mouse model of this infection and characterize selected innate immune responses to the organism. five clinical isolates, with varying degrees of antibiotic resistance, were assessed for virulence in two mouse strains, and between male and female mice, using intraperitoneal infection. nearly a 1000-fold difference ... | 2011 | 21576323 |
| amino acid features of p1b-atpase heavy metal transporters enabling small numbers of organisms to cope with heavy metal pollution. | phytoremediation refers to the use of plants for extraction and detoxification of pollutants, providing a new and powerful weapon against a polluted environment. in some plants, such as thlaspi spp, heavy metal atpases are involved in overall metal ion homeostasis and hyperaccumulation. p1b-atpases pump a wide range of cations, especially heavy metals, across membranes against their electrochemical gradients. determination of the protein characteristics of p1b-atpases in hyperaccumulator plants ... | 2011 | 21573033 |
| in silico identification of common putative drug targets in leptospira interrogans. | infectious diseases are the leading causes of death worldwide. hence, there is a need to develop new antimicrobial agents. traditional method of drug discovery is time consuming and yields a few drug targets with little intracellular information for guiding target selection. thus, focus in drug development has been shifted to computational comparative genomics for identifying novel drug targets. leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis of global concern caused by leptospira interrogans. availabilit ... | 2010 | 21572503 |
| virtual screening for potential inhibitors of homology modeled leptospira interrogans murd ligase. | the life-threatening infections caused by leptospira serovars remain a global challenge since long time. prevention of infection by controlling environmental factors being difficult to practice in developing countries, there is a need for designing potent anti-leptospirosis drugs. atp-dependent murd involved in biosynthesis of peptidoglycan was identified as common drug target among pathogenic leptospira serovars through subtractive genomic approach. peptidoglycan biosynthesis pathway being uniq ... | 2010 | 21566738 |
| passive immunization with leptospira lps-specific agglutinating but not non-agglutinating monoclonal antibodies protect guinea pigs from fatal pulmonary hemorrhages induced by serovar copenhageni challenge. | leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni causes pulmonary hemorrhages with respiratory failure, a major cause of death in leptospirosis patients. protective immunity to leptospira is known to correlate with the production of leptospiral lipopolysaccharide (l-lps)-specific agglutinating antibodies. we generated l-lps-specific mouse monoclonal antibodies (mabs) and investigated if these mabs can protect guinea pigs against fatal pulmonary hemorrhages caused by serovar copenhageni. the mabs l8h4 ... | 2011 | 21549788 |
| serosurvey of leptospirosis and investigation of a possible novel serovar arborea in farmed deer in new zealand. | to investigate the prevalence of leptospira spp. and possible novel serovar arborea infection in farmed deer in new zealand. | 2011 | 21541888 |
| proteomic analyses of nucleoid-associated proteins in escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacillus subtilis, and staphylococcus aureus. | the bacterial nucleoid contains several hundred kinds of nucleoid-associated proteins (naps), which play critical roles in genome functions such as transcription and replication. several naps, such as hu and h-ns in escherichia coli, have so far been identified. | 2011 | 21541338 |
| fourteen-genome comparison identifies dna markers for severe-disease-associated strains of clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile is a common cause of infectious diarrhea in hospitalized patients. a severe and increased incidence of c. difficile infection (cdi) is associated predominantly with the nap1 strain; however, the existence of other severe-disease-associated (sda) strains and the extensive genetic diversity across c. difficile complicate reliable detection and diagnosis. comparative genome analysis of 14 sequenced genomes, including those of a subset of nap1 isolates, allowed the assessment o ... | 2011 | 21508155 |
| chemical analysis of single cells. | 2011 | 21500835 | |
| role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the pathogenesis of experimental leptospirosis. | nitric oxide (no) produced by inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) is a radical effector molecule of the innate immune system that can directly inhibit pathogen replication. in order to study subsequent inos kidney expression in experimental leptospirosis, golden syrian hamsters and c3h/hej mice were infected intraperitoneally with 10(2) or 10(7) virulent leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni (lic) strain fiocruz l1-130. results showed increased levels of inos mrna and protein in kidneys ... | 2011 | 21497651 |
| [ultramicroscopic alterations in placental tissue from infected animals with leptospira interrogans serovar pomona]. | 2011 | 21491071 | |
| [leptospirosis outbreak in calves from corrientes province, argentina]. | leptospirosis is an infectious disease resulting in significant economic losses in livestock production. this disease causes abortion, embryo death, death of calves within the first few days of life and mastitis. we report a leptospirosis outbreak in calf growing and fattening. histopathological and hemoparasite studies, immunofluorescence, and bacterial cultures were performed. a strain of leptospira interrogans serovar pomona was isolated from samples collected from dead calves. | 2011 | 21491066 |
| potent innate immune response to pathogenic leptospira in human whole blood. | leptospirosis is caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus leptospira. the bacteria enter the human body via abraded skin or mucous membranes and may disseminate throughout. in general the clinical picture is mild but some patients develop rapidly progressive, severe disease with a high case fatality rate. not much is known about the innate immune response to leptospires during haematogenous dissemination. previous work showed that a human thp-1 cell line recognized heat-killed leptospires a ... | 2011 | 21483834 |
| rnie: genome-wide prediction of bacterial intrinsic terminators. | bacterial rho-independent terminators (rits) are important genomic landmarks involved in gene regulation and terminating gene expression. in this investigation we present rnie, a probabilistic approach for predicting rits. the method is based upon covariance models which have been known for many years to be the most accurate computational tools for predicting homology in structural non-coding rnas. we show that rnie has superior performance in model species from a spectrum of bacterial phyla. fu ... | 2011 | 21478170 |