Publications

tick receptor for outer surface protein a from ixodes ricinus - the first intrinsically disordered protein involved in vector-microbe recognition.	the tick receptor for outer surface protein a (trospa) is the only identified factor involved in tick gut colonization by various borrelia species. trospa is localized in the gut epithelium and can recognize and bind the outer surface bacterial protein ospa via an unknown mechanism. based on earlier reports and our latest observations, we considered that trospa would be the first identified intrinsically disordered protein (idp) involved in the interaction between a vector and a pathogenic micro ...	2016	27112540
neuroglucopenia and metabolic distress in two patients with viral meningoencephalitis: a microdialysis study.	viral encephalitis is an emerging disease requiring intensive care management in severe cases. underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms are incompletely understood and may be elucidated using invasive multimodal neuromonitoring techniques in humans.	2016	27112148
identification of the gc1qr sites for the hiv-1 viral envelope protein gp41 and the hcv core protein: implications in viral-specific pathogenesis and therapy.	a substantial body of evidence accumulated over the past 20 years supports the concept that gc1qr is a major pathogen-associated pattern recognition receptor (prr). this conclusion is based on the fact that, a wide range of bacterial and viral ligands are able to exploit gc1qr to either suppress the host's immune response and thus enhance their survival, or to gain access into cells to initiate disease. of the extensive array of viral ligands that have affinity for gc1qr, the hiv-1 envelope glyc ...	2016	27111569
cimetidine as a novel adjunctive treatment for early stage lyme disease.	lyme disease, caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi (bb), is the most common vector-borne illness in the united states. it is a complex disease which may affect the skin, joints, heart, eyes, and central nervous system. prompt diagnosis and treatment is curative in most instances. however, a significant percentage of patients experience ongoing symptoms after treatment. currently, there is much controversy regarding the diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment of lyme disease. pathogen ...	2016	27107653
first evidence of an established population of ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) in south dakota.	ixodes scapularis say (acari: ixodidae) is the most important vector of human disease in the united states. recent efforts by public health officials to determine its presence on a county-by-county basis have been undertaken to assist in lyme disease risk assessment. recent modeling efforts show that south dakota can potentially support populations of i. scapularis based on favorable climatic conditions and presence of suitable hosts to support tick populations within the state. we provide the f ...	2016	27106935
[psoriasis migrans : erythema migrans as koebner phenomenon in psoriasis].	psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the epidermis, which can be induced by systemic factors, such as streptococci infections or drugs. in addition, psoriasis can be caused by a local cutaneus trauma, known as koebner phenomenon. here, we describe a woman with psoriasis in remission, who developed a new psoriatic lesion due to a cutaneous infection with borrelia burgdorferi. after causal therapy with doxycycline, the erythema migrans and psoriasis lesions disappeared.	2016	27106503
radiotherapy in aggressive cutaneous pseudolymphoma: a case report and review of literature.	pseudolymphoma is a nonspecific disease characterized by lesions with lymphomatous-appearing but benign accumulation of inflammatory cells. they generally present as small ulcero-nodular lesions confined to skin which often respond to local therapies. we describe an unusual presentation of an extensive and locally aggressive cutaneous pseudolymphoma in a 21-year-old male patient who presented with extensive cutaneous eruptions gradually progressing over 6 years to involve the entire circumferenc ...	2016	27104170
identification of new drug candidates against borrelia burgdorferi using high-throughput screening.	lyme disease is the most common zoonotic bacterial disease in north america. it is estimated that >300,000 cases per annum are reported in usa alone. a total of 10%-20% of patients who have been treated with antibiotic therapy report the recrudescence of symptoms, such as muscle and joint pain, psychosocial and cognitive difficulties, and generalized fatigue. this condition is referred to as posttreatment lyme disease syndrome. while there is no evidence for the presence of viable infectious org ...	2016	27103785
yamamoto new scalp acupuncture, applied kinesiology, and breathing exercises for facial paralysis in a young boy caused by lyme disease-a case report.	the case study reports on the effect of pharmacological, complementary, and alternative medicine including ynsa, applied kinesiology, and respiratory exercises in a 9-year-old boy with facial paralysis. the boy suffered from borreliosis and one-sided facial paralysis that occurred 3.5 weeks after being bitten by a tick and persisted despite 4 weeks of medication with antibiotics. in the first treatment, muscle function as assessed by the coachman׳s test was normalized, and improvement in the fac ...	2017	27102135
autophagy suppresses host adaptive immune responses toward borrelia burgdorferi.	we have previously demonstrated that inhibition of autophagy increased the borrelia burgdorferi induced innate cytokine production in vitro, but little is known regarding the effect of autophagy on in vivo models of borrelia infection. here, we showed that atg7-deficient mice that were intra-articular injected with borrelia spirochetes displayed increased joint swelling, cell influx, and enhanced interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 production by inflamed synovial tissue. because both interleukin-1β ...	2016	27101991
glycosaminoglycans and infection.	glycosaminoglycans (gags) are complex linear polysaccharides expressed in intracellular compartments, at the cell surface, and in the extracellular environment where they interact with various molecules to regulate many cellular processes implicated in health and disease. subversion of gags is a pathogenic strategy shared by a wide variety of microbial pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi. pathogens use gags at virtually every major portals of entry to promote their attac ...	2016	27100505
cutaneous small/medium cd4+ pleomorphic t-cell lymphoma-like nodule in a patient with erythema chronicum migrans.	cd4+ small/medium pleomorphic t-cell lymphoma is a relatively rare subtype of cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorder with an indolent clinical behavior. the place of this condition among lymphomas is debatable. the authors describe a rare case of the direct association of cd4 small/medium pleomorphic t-cell lymphoma-like solitary nodule with borrelia burgdorferi infection in a 5-year-old boy, discuss the reactive nature of this condition, and emphasize the importance of clinicopathological corre ...	2016	27097344
function of the borrelia burgdorferi ftsh homolog is essential for viability both in vitro and in vivo and independent of hflk/c.	in many bacteria, the ftsh protease and its modulators, hflk and hflc, form a large protein complex that contributes to both membrane protein quality control and regulation of the cellular response to environmental stress. both activities are crucial to the lyme disease pathogen borrelia burgdorferi, which depends on membrane functions, such as motility, protein transport, and cell signaling, to respond to rapid changes in its environment. using an inducible system, we demonstrate that ftsh prod ...	2016	27094329
genomic characteristics of chinese borrelia burgdorferi isolates.	in china, b. burgdorferi, b.garinii, b. afzelii and b. yangtze sp. nov have been reported; b.garinii and b. afzelii are the main pathogenic genotypes. but until now only one chinese strain was reported with whole genome sequence. in order to further understand the genomic characteristics and diversity of chinese borrelia strains, 5 isolates from china were sequenced and compared with the whole genome sequences of strains in other areas. the results showed a high degree of conservation within the ...	2016	27093540
editorial: the evolving telomeres.		2016	27092174
exploring the secretomes of microbes and microbial communities using filamentous phage display.	microbial surface and secreted proteins (the secretome) contain a large number of proteins that interact with other microbes, host and/or environment. these proteins are exported by the coordinated activities of the protein secretion machinery present in the cell. a group of bacteriophage, called filamentous phage, have the ability to hijack bacterial protein secretion machinery in order to amplify and assemble via a secretion-like process. this ability has been harnessed in the use of filamento ...	2016	27092113
expanded geographic distribution and clinical characteristics of ehrlichia ewingii infections, united states.	ehrlichiosis is a bacterial zoonosis, spread through the bites of infected ticks, that is most commonly caused in the united states by infection with the bacterium ehrlichia chaffeensis. we retrospectively reviewed samples from an 18-month study of ehrlichiosis in the united states and found that e. ewingii was present in 10 (9.2%) of 109 case-patients with ehrlichiosis, a higher rate of infection with this species than had previously been reported. two patients resided in new jersey and indiana ...	2016	27089171
astrovirus mlb2, a new gastroenteric virus associated with meningitis and disseminated infection.	next-generation sequencing has identified novel astroviruses for which a pathogenic role is not clearly defined. we identified astrovirus mlb2 infection in an immunocompetent case-patient and an immunocompromised patient who experienced diverse clinical manifestations, notably, meningitis and disseminated infection. the initial case-patient was identified by next-generation sequencing, which revealed astrovirus mlb2 rna in cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, urine, and anal swab specimens. we then used ...	2016	27088842
differences in genotype, clinical features, and inflammatory potential of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto strains from europe and the united states.	borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto isolates from patients with erythema migrans in europe and the united states were compared by genotype, clinical features of infection, and inflammatory potential. analysis of outer surface protein c and multilocus sequence typing showed that strains from these 2 regions represent distinct genotypes. clinical features of infection with b. burgdorferi in slovenia were similar to infection with b. afzelii or b. garinii, the other 2 borrelia spp. that cause diseas ...	2016	27088349
acute human inkoo and chatanga virus infections, finland.	inkoo virus (inkv) and chatanga virus (chatv), which are circulating in finland, are mosquitoborne california serogroup orthobunyaviruses that have a high seroprevalence among humans. worldwide, inkv infection has been poorly described, and chatv infection has been unknown. using serum samples collected in finland from 7,961 patients suspected of having viral neurologic disease or puumala virus infection during the summers of 2001-2013, we analyzed the samples to detect california serogroup infe ...	2016	27088268
scale-dependent effects of nonnative plant invasion on host-seeking tick abundance.	nonnative, invasive shrubs can affect human disease risk through direct and indirect effects on vector populations. multiflora rose (rosa multiflora) is a common invader within eastern deciduous forests where tick-borne disease (e.g. lyme disease) rates are high. we tested whether r. multiflora invasion affects blacklegged tick (ixodes scapularis) abundance, and at what scale. we sampled host-seeking ticks at two spatial scales: fine-scale, within r. multiflora-invaded forest fragments; and patc ...	2016	27088044
genetic and immunological evidences of borrelia burgdorferi in dog in thailand.	lyme disease is a tick-borne zoonotic disease caused by spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. it is transmitted from animals to humans by the bite of infected ticks of the genus ixodes. although lyme disease has been reported in china and japan, the disease has never been reported in thailand. blood samples and ticks were collected from 402 dogs from 7 and 3 animal clinics in chiang mai and phuket provinces, thailand, respectively. blood samples were tested for antibodies against b. burgdorferi, anap ...	2016	27086427
molecular survey on zoonotic tick-borne bacteria and chlamydiae in feral pigeons (columba livia domestica).	to determine the presence of zoonotic tick-borne bacteria in feral pigeons (columba livia domestica) from urban areas.	2016	27086148
[acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans].		2016	27084166
no value for routine serologic screening for borrelia burgdorferi in patients with uveitis in the netherlands.	to determine whether routine serologic screening for borrelia burgdorferi and subsequent aqueous or vitreous humor analysis is useful in patients with uveitis.	2016	27080573
vaccinomics approach to tick vaccine development.	ticks are blood-feeding arthropod ectoparasites that transmit disease-causing pathogens to humans and animals worldwide. vaccines using tick antigens have proven to be cost-effective and environmental friendly for the control of vector infestations and pathogen infection and transmission. however, new strategies are needed to identify tick protective antigens for development of improved vaccines. these strategies will be greatly enhanced by vaccinomics approaches starting from the study of tick- ...	2016	27076305
anti-lyme subunit vaccines: design and development of peptide-based vaccine candidates.	vaccinology today has been presented with several avenues to improve protection against infectious disease. the recent employment of the reverse vaccinology technique has changed the face of vaccine development against many pathogens, including borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease. using this technique, genomics and in silico analyses come together to identify potentially antigenic epitopes in a high-throughput fashion. the forward methodology of vaccine development was used ...	2016	27076148
transcriptomic analysis of the stationary phase response regulator spdr in caulobacter crescentus.	as bacterial cells enter stationary phase, they adjust their growth rate to comply with nutrient restriction and acquire increased resistance to several stresses. these events are regulated by controlling gene expression at this phase, changing the mode of exponential growth into that of growth arrest, and increasing the expression of proteins involved in stress resistance. the two-component system spdr/spds is required for the activation of transcription of the caulobacter crescentus cspd gene ...	2016	27072651
cerebral toxoplasmosis in a diffuse large b cell lymphoma patient.	toxoplasmosis is an opportunistic protozoal infection that has, until now, probably been an underestimated cause of encephalitis in patients with hematological malignancies, independent of stem cell or bone marrow transplant. t and b cell depleting regimens are probably an important risk factor for reactivation of a latent toxoplasma infection in these patients.	2016	27069454
new role for fda-approved drugs in combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria.	antibiotic resistance in medically relevant bacterial pathogens, coupled with a paucity of novel antimicrobial discoveries, represents a pressing global crisis. traditional drug discovery is an inefficient and costly process; however, systematic screening of food and drug administration (fda)-approved therapeutics for other indications in humans offers a rapid alternative approach. in this study, we screened a library of 780 fda-approved drugs to identify molecules that rendered raw 264.7 murine ...	2016	27067323
the drug-minded protein interaction database (drumpid) for efficient target analysis and drug development.	the drug-minded protein interaction database (drumpid) has been designed to provide fast, tailored information on drugs and their protein networks including indications, protein targets and side-targets. starting queries include compound, target and protein interactions and organism-specific protein families. furthermore, drug name, chemical structures and their smiles notation, affected proteins (potential drug targets), organisms as well as diseases can be queried including various combination ...	2016	27055828
ehrlichia meningitis mimicking aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a case study for medical decision-making heuristics.	thunderclap headache is a sudden and severe headache that can occur after an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (sah). subarachnoid hemorrhage is a medical emergency that requires prompt attention and hospitalization. patients with thunderclap headache often undergo a noncontrast head computed tomography (ct) scan to ascertain sah bleeding and, if the scan is negative, then undergo a lumbar puncture to look for cerebrospinal fluid (csf) red blood cells (rbcs), which would be consistent with an a ...	2015	27053985
ehrlichia meningitis mimicking aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a case study for medical decision-making heuristics.	thunderclap headache is a sudden and severe headache that can occur after an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (sah). subarachnoid hemorrhage is a medical emergency that requires prompt attention and hospitalization. patients with thunderclap headache often undergo a noncontrast head computed tomography (ct) scan to ascertain sah bleeding and, if the scan is negative, then undergo a lumbar puncture to look for cerebrospinal fluid (csf) red blood cells (rbcs), which would be consistent with an a ...	2015	27053985
use of peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay followed by immunofluorescence assay to document ehrlichia chaffeensis as a cause of febrile illness in nicaragua.	ehrlichia chaffeensis, the etiologic agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis (hme), has been extensively studied as a cause of acute febrile illness and an emerging tick-borne zoonosis in the united states. limited data suggest its presence in other regions, including central and south america but not nicaragua to date. diagnosis of e. chaffeensis infection by indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) is the reference standard due to its presumed high sensitivity and specificity, but ifa is impracti ...	2016	27053675
eclectic ocular comorbidities and systemic diseases with eye involvement: a review.	coexistence of several ocular diseases is more frequent than suspected. in spite of the refractive errors, one or more of the following can be detected simultaneously: glaucoma, cataracts, uveitis, age-related macular degeneration, and dry eyes. in addition, as people age, ocular comorbidities are much more usually seen. specific diseases are openly acknowledged to affect the eyes and vision, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension blood pressure, arthritis, hyperthyroidism, neurodegenerative di ...	2016	27051666
pars planitis: epidemiology, clinical characteristics, management and visual prognosis.	pars planitis is an idiopathic chronic intermediate uveitis which predominantly affects children and adolescents, and accounts for 5-26.7% of pediatric uveitis. although an autoimmune process with a genetic predisposition has been suggested, its etiology still remains unknown. the most common presenting symptoms are floaters and blurred vision. diffuse vitreous cells, haze, snowballs and snowbanks are typical findings of pars planitis. peripheral retinal vasculitis, optic disc edema and anterior ...	2015	27051493
community partnership designed to promote lyme disease prevention and engagement in citizen science.	the goal of this project is to promote lyme disease prevention and to cultivate an interest in science through a citizen-science project coordinated by researchers at a public university and teachers at rural high schools. the lesson plan is designed to increase student interest in pursuing a science career through participation in an authentic research experience, utilizing a topic that has implications on the health of the surrounding community. students are introduced in the classroom to zoon ...	2016	27047593
tick-borne infections in human and animal population worldwide.	the abundance and activity of ectoparasites and its hosts are affected by various abiotic factors, such as climate and other organisms (predators, pathogens and competitors) presenting thus multiples forms of association (obligate to facultative, permanent to intermittent and superficial to subcutaneous) developed during long co-evolving processes. ticks are ectoparasites widespread globally and its eco epidemiology are closely related to the environmental conditions. they are obligatory hematop ...	2015	27047089
efficacy of rintatolimod in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (cfs/me).	chronic fatigue syndrome/ myalgic encephalomyelitis (cfs/me) is a poorly understood seriously debilitating disorder in which disabling fatigue is an universal symptom in combination with a variety of variable symptoms. the only drug in advanced clinical development is rintatolimod, a mismatched double stranded polymer of rna (dsrna). rintatolimod is a restricted toll-like receptor 3 (tlr3) agonist lacking activation of other primary cellular inducers of innate immunity (e.g.- cytosolic helicases ...	2016	27045557
analysis of a spontaneous non-motile and avirulent mutant shows that flim is required for full endoflagella assembly in leptospira interrogans.	pathogenic leptospira strains are responsible for leptospirosis, a worldwide emerging zoonotic disease. these spirochetes are unique amongst bacteria because of their corkscrew-like cell morphology and their periplasmic flagella. motility is reported as an important virulence determinant, probably favoring entry and dissemination of pathogenic leptospira in the host. however, proteins constituting the periplasmic flagella and their role in cell shape, motility and virulence remain poorly describ ...	2016	27044038
modulation of liver tolerance by conventional and nonconventional antigen-presenting cells and regulatory immune cells.	the liver is a tolerogenic organ with exquisite mechanisms of immune regulation that ensure upkeep of local and systemic immune tolerance to self and foreign antigens, but that is also able to mount effective immune responses against pathogens. the immune privilege of liver allografts was recognized first in pigs in spite of major histo-compatibility complex mismatch, and termed the "liver tolerance effect". furthermore, liver transplants are spontaneously accepted with only low-dose immunosuppr ...	2016	27041638
microscopy of human blood for borrelia burgdorferi and babesia without clinical or scientific rationale.		2016	27030914
validate or falsify: lessons learned from a microscopy method claimed to be useful for detecting borrelia and babesia organisms in human blood.	a modified microscopy protocol (the lm-method) was used to demonstrate what was interpreted as borrelia spirochetes and later also babesia sp., in peripheral blood from patients. the method gained much publicity, but was not validated prior to publication, which became the purpose of this study using appropriate scientific methodology, including a control group.	2016	27030913
modelling the seasonality of lyme disease risk and the potential impacts of a warming climate within the heterogeneous landscapes of scotland.	lyme disease is the most prevalent vector-borne disease in the temperate northern hemisphere. the abundance of infected nymphal ticks is commonly used as a lyme disease risk indicator. temperature can influence the dynamics of disease by shaping the activity and development of ticks and, hence, altering the contact pattern and pathogen transmission between ticks and their host animals. a mechanistic, agent-based model was developed to study the temperature-driven seasonality of ixodes ricinus ti ...	2016	27030039
molecular mechanisms and clinical impact of acquired and intrinsic fosfomycin resistance.	bacterial infections caused by antibiotic-resistant isolates have become a major health problem in recent years, since they are very difficult to treat, leading to an increase in morbidity and mortality. fosfomycin is a broad-spectrum bactericidal antibiotic that inhibits cell wall biosynthesis in both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. this antibiotic has a unique mechanism of action and inhibits the initial step in peptidoglycan biosynthesis by blocking the enzyme, mura. fosfomycin has ...	2013	27029300
time for a different approach to lyme disease and long-term symptoms.		2016	27028918
randomized trial of longer-term therapy for symptoms attributed to lyme disease.	the treatment of persistent symptoms attributed to lyme disease remains controversial. we assessed whether longer-term antibiotic treatment of persistent symptoms attributed to lyme disease leads to better outcomes than does shorter-term treatment.	2016	27028911
habitat suitability model for the distribution of ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) in minnesota.	ixodes scapularis say, the black-legged tick, is the primary vector in the eastern united states of several pathogens causing human diseases including lyme disease, anaplasmosis, and babesiosis. over the past two decades, i. scapularis-borne diseases have increased in incidence as well as geographic distribution. lyme disease exists in two major foci in the united states, one encompassing northeastern states and the other in the upper midwest. minnesota represents a state with an appreciable inc ...	2016	27026161
susceptibility, likelihood to be diagnosed, worry and fear for contracting lyme disease.	risk perception and psychological concerns are relevant for understanding how people view lyme disease. this study investigates the four separate outcomes of susceptibility, likelihood to be diagnosed, worry, and fear for contracting lyme disease. university students (n=713) were surveyed about demographics, perceived health, lyme disease knowledge, lyme disease preventive behaviors, lyme disease history, and lyme disease miscellaneous variables. we found that women were associated with increase ...	2017	27026135
long-term follow-up of patients with lyme disease: longitudinal analysis of clinical and quality-of-life measures.	lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease in the united states. some patients report persistent or intermittent subjective symptoms of mild to moderate intensity after antibiotic treatment for lyme disease. we sought to evaluate trends in clinical and quality-of-life (qol) measures in a cohort of patients with lyme disease enrolled in a natural history study at the national institutes of health from 2001-2014.	2016	27025825
identification of additional anti-persister activity against borrelia burgdorferi from an fda drug library.	lyme disease is a leading vector-borne disease in the united states. although the majority of lyme patients can be cured with standard 2-4 week antibiotic treatment, 10%-20% of patients continue to suffer from prolonged post-treatment lyme disease syndrome (ptlds). while the cause for this is unclear, persisting organisms not killed by current lyme antibiotics may be involved. in our previous study, we screened an fda drug library and reported 27 top hits that showed high activity against borrel ...	2015	27025631
disaggregating tropical disease prevalence by climatic and vegetative zones within tropical west africa.	tropical infectious disease prevalence is dependent on many socio-cultural determinants. however, rainfall and temperature frequently underlie overall prevalence, particularly for vector-borne diseases. as a result these diseases have increased prevalence in tropical as compared to temperate regions. specific to tropical africa, the tendency to incorrectly infer that tropical diseases are uniformly prevalent has been partially overcome with solid epidemiologic data. this finer resolution data is ...	2016	27022740
borrelia burgdorferi ched promotes various functions in chemotaxis and the pathogenic life cycle of the spirochete.	borrelia burgdorferi possesses a sophisticated chemotaxis signaling system; however, the roles of the majority of the chemotaxis proteins in the infectious life cycle have not yet been demonstrated. specifically, the role of ched during host colonization has not been demonstrated in any bacterium. here, we systematically characterized the b. burgdorferi ched homolog using genetics and biochemical and mouse-tick-mouse infection cycle studies. bacillus subtilis ched plays an important role in chem ...	2016	27021244
concordance of four commercial enzyme immunoassay and three immunoblot formats for the detection of lyme borreliosis antibodies in human serum: the two-tier approach remains.	serological tests show considerable variation in their ability to correctly diagnose lyme borreliosis (lb). this study compared four commercially available screening enzyme immunoassays (eia) for the detection of lb igg using either whole cell lysate (wcl) antigens, purified proteins or recombinant antigens with the second-tier whole cell sonicate (wcs) western immunoblots or recombinant antigen line blots. a consensus between three eia results from 222 patient sera was designated as a point of ...	2016	27020501
heart disease in disorders of muscle, neuromuscular transmission, and the nerves.	little is known regarding cardiac involvement (ci) by neuromuscular disorders (nmds). the purpose of this review is to summarise and discuss the major findings concerning the types, frequency, and severity of cardiac disorders in nmds as well as their diagnosis, treatment, and overall outcome. ci in nmds is characterized by pathologic involvement of the myocardium or cardiac conduction system. less commonly, additional critical anatomic structures, such as the valves, coronary arteries, endocard ...	2016	27014341
pa3297 counteracts antimicrobial effects of azithromycin in pseudomonas aeruginosa.	pseudomonas aeruginosa causes acute and chronic infections in human. its increasing resistance to antibiotics requires alternative treatments that are more effective than available strategies. among the alternatives is the unconventional usage of conventional antibiotics, of which the macrolide antibiotic azithromycin (azm) provides a paradigmatic example. azm therapy is associated with a small but consistent improvement in respiratory function of cystic fibrosis patients suffering from chronic ...	2016	27014238
staphylococcus aureus colonization modulates tic expression and the host immune response in a girl with tourette syndrome.	a 9-year-old girl with tourette syndrome (ts) and increased antibody levels against streptococcus pyogenes was monitored longitudinally for the presence of nasopharyngeal bacteria, specific antibody titers, and autoimmunity directed against brain antigens. microbiological monitoring indicated that the child was an intermittent staphylococcus aureus nasopharyngeal carrier. clinical improvements in motor tic frequency and severity were observed during the s. aureus colonization phase and were temp ...	2016	27014098
the diagnostic accuracy of serological tests for lyme borreliosis in europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis.	interpretation of serological assays in lyme borreliosis requires an understanding of the clinical indications and the limitations of the currently available tests. we therefore systematically reviewed the accuracy of serological tests for the diagnosis of lyme borreliosis in europe.	2016	27013465
[lyme disease--an update].	lyme disease is a multiorgan infectious disease caused by the spirochete of the borrelia type. it is the most common vector-borne disease. a steady increase in the number of cases is noticed in poland. diagnosis and treatment of disease still cause many difficulties for clinicians. the aim of this study, based mainly on the recent literature, is to systematize knowledge on lyme disease, with particular attention to the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and therapy.	2015	27012125
incident tick-borne infections in a cohort of north carolina outdoor workers.	tick-borne diseases cause substantial morbidity throughout the united states, and north carolina has a high incidence of spotted fever rickettsioses and ehrlichiosis, with sporadic cases of lyme disease. the occupational risk of tick-borne infections among outdoor workers is high, particularly those working on publicly managed lands. this study identified incident tick-borne infections and examined seroconversion risk factors among a cohort of north carolina outdoor workers. workers from the nor ...	2016	27008102
analysis of main t-cell subsets and activated t supressor/cytotoxic cells in patients with borrelia burgdorferi s. lato only infection and co-infections with anaplasma phagocytophilum, bartonella spp. and babesia microti.	the study was designed to assess the role of some important immunologic factors with regards to both laboratory results and clinical symptoms in patients with confirmed lyme disease. additional examinations were carried out for co-infections with a number of tick-borne pathogens.	2016	27007527
tick-borne bacterial pathogens in southwestern finland.	ixodes ricinus and ixodes persulcatus are the main vectors of lyme borreliosis spirochetes and several other zoonotic bacteria in northern europe and russia. however, few studies screening bacterial pathogens in finnish ticks have been conducted. therefore, reports on the occurrence and prevalence of several bacterial pathogens detected from ticks elsewhere in europe and russia are altogether missing from finland. the main aim of the current study was to produce novel data on the occurrence and ...	2016	27004834
factors associated with anaplasma spp. seroprevalence among dogs in the united states.	dogs in the united states are hosts to a diverse range of ticks and tick-borne pathogens, including a. phagocytophilum, an important emerging canine and human pathogen. previously, a companion animal parasite council (capc)-sponsored workshop proposed factors purported to be associated with the infection risk for tick-transmitted pathogens in dogs in the united states, including climate conditions, socioeconomic characteristics, local topography, and vector distribution.	2016	27004557
prevalence of antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi, anaplasma phagocytophilum, and leptospira interrogans serovars in bernese mountain dogs.	bernese mountain dogs (bmd) have a higher prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (bbsl) antibodies than other breeds, but it is not known whether this is the case for other pathogens. therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the frequency and level of specific antibodies against members of the bbsl group, anaplasma phagocytophilum (ap), and leptospira (l.) interrogans serovars in bmd and compare the results with those found in dogs of other breeds.	2016	27004451
[post-lyme disease syndrome].	lyme disease is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacteria, spirochete of the borrelia type. skin, nervous system, musculoskeletal system and heart may be involved in the course of the disease. the prognosis for properly treated lyme disease is usually good. however, in about 5% of patients so called post-lyme disease syndrome (plsd) develops. it is defined as a syndrome of subjective symptoms persisting despite proper treatment of borrelia burgdorferi infection. the most common symptom ...	2016	27000820
antigenic variation in bacterial pathogens.	antigenic variation is a strategy used by a broad diversity of microbial pathogens to persist within the mammalian host. whereas viruses make use of a minimal proofreading capacity combined with large amounts of progeny to use random mutation for variant generation, antigenically variant bacteria have evolved mechanisms which use a stable genome, which aids in protecting the fitness of the progeny. here, three well-characterized and highly antigenically variant bacterial pathogens are discussed: ...	2016	26999387
an unexpected advantage of insectivorism: insect moulting hormones ingested by song birds affect their ticks.	ecdysteroids are important hormones that regulate moulting in arthropods. three-host ixodid ticks normally moult to the next stage after finishing their blood meal, in the off-host environment. presumably, three-host ticks that feed on the blood of insectivorous vertebrate hosts can be exposed to high levels of exogenous ecdysteroids causing them to initiate apolysis (the first step of moulting) on the vertebrate host. the aim of the present study was to investigate whether ticks undergo apolysi ...	2016	26996354
salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium utilizes the clppx and lon proteases for optimal fitness in the ceca of chickens.	salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) is a leading cause of salmonellosis. poultry and poultry products are implicated in transmission of salmonella to humans. in 2013, an outbreak of s typhimurium occurred that comprised 39 states within the united states and was associated with backyard flocks of chickens. colonization of the avian host by s typhimurium requires numerous genetic factors encoded within the bacterium. of particular interest are genetic factors induced by alter ...	2016	26994203
statins reduce spirochetal burden and modulate immune responses in the c3h/hen mouse model of lyme disease.	lyme disease (ld) is a systemic disorder caused by borrelia burgdorferi. lyme spirochetes encode for a functional 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme a reductase (hmgr ec 1.1.1.88) serving as a rate limiting enzyme of the mevalonate pathway that contribute to components critical for cell wall biogenesis. statins have been shown to inhibit b. burgdorferi in vitro. using a mouse model of lyme disease, we found that statins contribute to reducing bacterial burden and altering the murine immune res ...	2016	26993029
oral immunization with ospc does not prevent tick-borne borrelia burgdorferi infection.	oral vaccination strategies are of interest to prevent transmission of lyme disease as they can be used to deliver vaccines to humans, pets, and to natural wildlife reservoir hosts of borrelia burgdorferi. we developed a number of oral vaccines based in e. coli expressing recombinant ospc type k, ospb, bbk32 from b. burgdorferi, and salp25, salp15 from ixodes scapularis. of the five immunogenic candidates only ospc induced significant levels of antigen-specific igg and iga when administered to m ...	2016	26990760
cordoniform morphea: a clinicopathologic study of two cases presenting with the rope sign.	morphea clinically presenting as cordoniform lesions has not been described previously in the literature.	2016	26990496
natural history collections-based research: progress, promise, and best practices.	specimens and associated data in natural history collections (nhcs) foster substantial scientific progress. in this paper, we explore recent contributions of nhcs to the study of systematics and biogeography, genomics, morphology, stable isotope ecology, and parasites and pathogens of mammals. to begin to assess the magnitude and scope of these contributions, we analyzed publications in the journal of mammalogy over the last decade, as well as recent research supported by a single university mam ...	2015	26989266
natural history collections-based research: progress, promise, and best practices.	specimens and associated data in natural history collections (nhcs) foster substantial scientific progress. in this paper, we explore recent contributions of nhcs to the study of systematics and biogeography, genomics, morphology, stable isotope ecology, and parasites and pathogens of mammals. to begin to assess the magnitude and scope of these contributions, we analyzed publications in the journal of mammalogy over the last decade, as well as recent research supported by a single university mam ...	2015	26989266
snake venom disintegrin inhibits the activation of toll-like receptors and alleviates sepsis through integrin alphavbeta3 blockade.	bacterial infection-induced sepsis is the leading cause of septic inflammatory disease. rhodostomin (rn), a snake venom disintegrin, was previously reported to interact with the αvβ3 integrin and the tlr4 on phagocyte in attenuating lps-induced endotoxemia. in this report, we further evaluated the effects of rn on tlr2-activated monocytes and its in vivo efficacy. rn effectively suppressed the adhesion, migration, and cytokine release of pam3csk4-activated thp-1 cells. rn specifically bound to i ...	2016	26987407
co-infection of ticks: the rule rather than the exception.	ticks are the most common arthropod vectors of both human and animal diseases in europe, and the ixodes ricinus tick species is able to transmit a large number of bacteria, viruses and parasites. ticks may also be co-infected with several pathogens, with a subsequent high likelihood of co-transmission to humans or animals. however few data exist regarding co-infection prevalences, and these studies only focus on certain well-known pathogens. in addition to pathogens, ticks also carry symbionts t ...	2016	26986203
evaluation of serum concentrations of the selected cytokines in patients with localized scleroderma.	localized scleroderma is an autoimmune disease primarily affecting the skin. the cause of disease remains unexplained although environmental factors are implicated, which are likely to be responsible for activation of the endothelium and subsequent inflammation leading to excessive synthesis of collagen and extracellular matrix components.	2016	26985179
cd83 modulates b cell activation and germinal center responses.	cd83 is a maturation marker for dendritic cells. in the b cell lineage, cd83 is expressed especially on activated b cells and on light zone b cells during the germinal center (gc) reaction. the function of cd83 during gc responses is unclear. cd83(-/-) mice have a strong reduction of cd4(+) t cells, which makes it difficult to analyze a functional role of cd83 on b cells during gc responses. therefore, in the present study we generated a b cell-specific cd83 conditional knockout (cd83 b-cko) mod ...	2016	26983787
occluso-facial manifestations in a child with the rasmussen syndrome and intercurrent lyme disease--a case report.	the rasmussen syndrome (rs) is a rare neurological disease, usually diagnosed in the 1st decade of life, leading to damage of the central nervous system. it is characterised by sudden seizures in previously healthy children. in this paper we present a case of a 14-year-old female patient with malocclusion who reported to the orthodontic clinic to start orthodontic treatment. the first symptoms of nervous system disorders manifested when the patient was 8 years old. until then, the patient had be ...	2016	26982755
potential use of antimicrobial peptides as vaginal spermicides/microbicides.	the concurrent increases in global population and sexually transmitted infection (sti) demand a search for agents with dual spermicidal and microbicidal properties for topical vaginal application. previous attempts to develop the surfactant spermicide, nonoxynol-9 (n-9), into a vaginal microbicide were unsuccessful largely due to its inefficiency to kill microbes. furthermore, n-9 causes damage to the vaginal epithelium, thus accelerating microbes to enter the women's body. for this reason, anti ...	2016	26978373
[the combination of laryngeal paresis in the patients presenting with systemic tick-borne borreliosis (lyme disease)].		2016	26977572
insight into the dual functions of bacterial enhancer-binding protein rrp2 of borrelia burgdorferi.	it is well established that the rpon-rpos sigma factor (σ(54)-σ(s)) cascade plays an essential role in differential gene expression during the enzootic cycle of borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease. the rpon-rpos pathway is activated by the response regulator/σ(54)-dependent activator (also called bacterial enhancer-binding protein [bebp]) rrp2. one unique feature of rrp2 is that this activator is essential for cell replication, whereas rpon-rpos is dispensable for bacterial ...	2016	26977110
evaluation of commercially available chikungunya virus immunoglobulin m detection assays.	commercial chikungunya virus (chikv)-specific igm detection kits were evaluated at the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc), the public health agency of canada national microbiology laboratory, and the caribbean public health agency (carpha). the euroimmun anti-chikv igm elisa kit had ≥ 95% concordance with all three reference laboratory results. the limit of detection for low chik igm+ samples, as measured by serial dilution of seven sera up to 1:12,800 ranged from 1:800 to 1:3,200. ...	2016	26976887
molecular identification of borrelia genus in questing hard ticks from portugal: phylogenetic characterization of two novel relapsing fever-like borrelia sp.	in the last decades, several studies have reported pathogenic species of borrelia related to those that cause tick-borne relapsing fever (rf), but unexpectedly suggesting their transmission by hard ticks, known vectors of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (b. burgdorferi s.l.) species, rather than by soft ticks. this study was designed to update the presence of b. burgdorferi s.l. species in ticks from several districts of mainland portugal, where ixodes ricinus had been previously described. tick ...	2016	26976475
the cryptosporidium parvum c-type lectin cpclec mediates infection of intestinal epithelial cells via interactions with sulfated proteoglycans.	the apicomplexan parasite cryptosporidium causes significant diarrheal disease worldwide. effective anticryptosporidial agents are lacking, in part because the molecular mechanisms underlying cryptosporidium-host cell interactions are poorly understood. previously, we identified and characterized a novel cryptosporidium parvum c-type lectin domain-containing mucin-like glycoprotein, cpclec. in this study, we evaluated the mechanisms underlying interactions of cpclec with intestinal epithelial ce ...	2016	26975991
[incidence of lyme disease in spain].		2016	26971976
bartonella henselae transmission by blood transfusion in mice.	bartonella spp. are neglected fastidious gram-negative bacilli. we isolated bartonella henselae from 1.2% of 500 studied blood donors and demonstrated that the bacteria remain viable in red blood cell units after 35 days of experimental infection. now, we aim to evaluate the possibility of b. henselae transmission by blood transfusion in a mouse model.	2016	26968530
cardiac tropism of borrelia burgdorferi: an autopsy study of sudden cardiac death associated with lyme carditis.	fatal lyme carditis caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi rarely is identified. here, we describe the pathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular findings of five case patients. these sudden cardiac deaths associated with lyme carditis occurred from late summer to fall, ages ranged from young adult to late 40s, and four patients were men. autopsy tissue samples were evaluated by light microscopy, warthin-starry stain, immunohistochemistry, and pcr for b. burgdorferi, and immunohistoch ...	2016	26968341
novel spotted fever group rickettsiae in haemaphysalis qinghaiensis ticks from gansu, northwest china.	rickettsia spp. are obligate intracellular bacteria and well known as transmitted by arthropods. these pathogens have a broad geographic distribution and a high degree of biological and clinical diversity. this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and molecular characterization of rickettsia spp. in ticks collected from gansu, where borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and anaplasma phagocytophilum were previously reported in ticks and ruminants.	2016	26968160
fatal pyogranulomatous myocarditis in 10 boxer puppies.	over a period of 5 years, 10 pure-bred boxer puppies, 9-16 weeks old, were presented with a history of sudden death and were diagnosed with pyogranulomatous myocarditis. the myocarditis was characterized by a mixed infiltrate composed predominantly of neutrophils and macrophages. in our retrospective study, original case records and archived materials were examined. all dogs were positive for borrelia burgdorferi on immunohistochemistry (ihc). there was no evidence of infectious agents in formal ...	2016	26965234
case report of salmonella cross-contamination in a food laboratory.	this paper describes a case of salmonella cross-contamination in a food laboratory. in 2012, chocolate bars shipped from belgium to the usa were prevented from entering the usa because a salmonella rissen strain had been isolated from one of the chocolate bars in a belgian food laboratory. however, a retrospective study of the salmonella isolates sent from the laboratory to the belgian national reference laboratory for salmonella revealed that 7 weeks prior, a salmonella rissen strain has been i ...	2016	26965050
presence of host-seeking ixodes ricinus and their infection with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in the northern apennines, italy.	host-seeking ticks were collected in the northern apennines, italy, by dragging at 35 sites, at altitudes ranging from 680 and 1670 m above sea level (asl), from april to november, in 2010 and 2011. ixodes ricinus (4431 larvae, 597 nymphs and 12 adults) and haemaphysalis punctata (11,209 larvae, 313 nymphs, and 25 adults) were the most abundant species, followed by haemaphysalis sulcata (20 larvae, five nymphs, and 13 adults), dermacentor marginatus (42 larvae and two adults) and ixodes hexagonu ...	2016	26964552
notes from the field: lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus meningoencephalitis from a household rodent infestation - minnesota, 2015.	on april 20, 2015, a female aged 15 years sought care at her pediatrician's office after 5 days of fever, myalgia, left parietal headache, and photophobia. a rapid influenza assay was negative, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate and total white blood cell count were normal. she improved with symptomatic care at home, but returned to her pediatrician's office on april 28, reporting recurrence of her headache and photophobia and new onset of a stiff neck. she was admitted to the hospital, where sh ...	2016	26963688
tick-borne illnesses.	tick-borne diseases are prevalent throughout the united states. these illnesses are caused by a variety of different pathogens that use ticks as vectors, including bacteria, viruses, rickettsia, and protozoa. some of the most common illnesses caused by ticks are lyme disease, rocky mountain spotted fever, babesiosis, ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis, tularemia, colorado tick fever, tick-borne relapsing fever, and powassan disease. unique skin changes, fever, and influenza-like symptoms may indicate ti ...	2016	26963018
geographical differences in seroprevalence of borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in norway, 2011-2013.	detection of specific antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato is a useful aid for the diagnosis of lyme borreliosis. however, antibodies are present in the general population. the seroprevalence increase with age, and varies according to the prevalence of infected ticks. we performed a seroprevalence study of igm and igg antibody reactivity against b. burgdorferi sensu lato in norway by age-groups and geography, in order to provide a reference set of seroprevalence to inform the inter ...	2016	26961275
common mechanisms involved in alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes: a key role of chronic bacterial infection and inflammation.	strong epidemiologic evidence and common molecular mechanisms support an association between alzheimer's disease (ad) and type 2-diabetes. local inflammation and amyloidosis occur in both diseases and are associated with periodontitis and various infectious agents. this article reviews the evidence for the presence of local inflammation and bacteria in type 2 diabetes and discusses host pathogen interactions in chronic inflammatory disorders. chlamydophyla pneumoniae, helicobacter pylori and spi ...	2016	26961231
association between dentin matrix protein 1 (rs10019009) polymorphism and ankylosing spondylitis in a chinese han population from shandong province.	ankylosing spondylitis (as) is the most common rheumatic condition that is slowly progressive and predominantly affects adolescents. pathological bone formation associated with as is an important cause of disability. the aim of the study was to investigate the possible involvement of the genes related to endochondral ossification and ectopia ossification in genetic susceptibility to as in a chinese han population.	2016	26960368
borrelia burgdorferi induces a type i interferon response during early stages of disseminated infection in mice.	lyme borrelia genotypes differ in their capacity to cause disseminated disease. gene array analysis was employed to profile the host transcriptome induced by borrelia burgdorferi strains with different capacities for causing disseminated disease in the blood of c3h/hej mice during early infection.	2016	26957120
misdiagnosis of primary hepatic marginal zone b cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type, a case report.	extra-nodal marginal zone b cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue originating in the liver is less common.	2016	26956381
trans-atlantic exchanges have shaped the population structure of the lyme disease agent borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto.	the origin and population structure of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.), the agent of lyme disease, remain obscure. this tick-transmitted bacterial species occurs in both north america and europe. we sequenced 17 european isolates (representing the most frequently found sequence types in europe) and compared these with 17 north american strains. we show that trans-atlantic exchanges have occurred in the evolutionary history of this species and that a european origin of b. burgdorferi s. ...	2016	26955886
choroidal neovascularization associated with punctate inner choroidopathy: combination of intravitreal anti-vegf and systemic immunosuppressive therapy.	choroidal neovascularization (cnv) associated with punctate inner choroidopathy (pic) is a rare clinical entity, yet still a challenge for medical treatment. a case of a young myopic woman developing cnv secondary to unilateral pic is presented. clinical morphology, diagnostic procedure and follow-up are reported.	2015	26955337