Publications

lindau's disease--in the hudson valley.		1964	14113958
respiratory virus. isolation and identification in new york state, 1962 to 1963. preliminary report.		1964	14103675
weights of human thyroids in new york city.		1963	14086677
i-131 dose to human thyroids in new york city from nuclear tests in 1962.		1963	14086676
random distribution of affected birth ranks in anencephalic and spina bifida sibships with two affected cases.		1963	14076742
a continuing surveillance of enterovirus infections in healthy children in six united states cities. i. viruses isolated during 1960 and 1961.		1963	14071359
strontium-90 in human vertebrae, march 1962--march 1963.		1963	14061182
renal cystic disease in childhood.		1963	14047860
west nile virus: epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and prevention.	west nile virus was recognized in the united states for the first time in 1999, when it caused an epidemic of encephalitis and meningitis in new york city, ny. since then, the disease has been steadily moving westward, and human cases were recognized in 39 states and the district of columbia in 2002. the infection is caused by a flavivirus that is transmitted from birds to humans through the bite of culicine mosquitoes. most infections are mild, with symptoms primarily being fever, headache, and ...	2003	12962168
terrorism and the international classification of functioning, disability and health: a speculative case study based on the terrorist attacks on new york and washington.	to argue that there is a need for a standard classification of functional status to track the consequences of large scale human disasters, such as the terrorist attacks on new york and washington on september 11, 2001; and that the world health organization's international classification of functioning, disability, and health (icf) can meet that need.	2003	12959338
west nile virus in the united states: an update on an emerging infectious disease.	west nile virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus and human neuropathogen. since the virus was recognized in new york city in 1999, it has spread rapidly across the united states, with human disease documented in 39 states and the district of columbia. west nile virus can cause a broad range of clinical syndromes, including fever, meningitis, encephalitis, and a flaccid paralysis characteristic of a poliomyelitis-like syndrome. approximately one in 150 infections results in severe neurologic illnes ...	2003	12952382
living donor liver transplantation--overview after 178 cases.		2003	12947822
attitudes about combination hiv therapies: the next generation of gay men at risk.	this study examined awareness of and attitudes about highly active antiretroviral therapies (haarts) among adolescent and young men who have sex with men (msm). as part of the multisite young men's survey, 813 msm aged 15-22 years who attended public venues in two cities were questioned about haart in 1997-1998. overall, 45.1% had heard of haart, 61.6% in seattle, washington, and 35.0% in new york city. msm in new york city who were the youngest, men of color, men who were human immunodeficiency ...	2003	12930887
preventing hiv in injection drug users: choosing the best mix of interventions for the population.	injection drug users (idus) transmit the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) via both needle sharing and sex. this analysis explores the effects of population risk behaviors, intervention effectiveness, intervention costs, and budget and capacity constraints when allocating funds between two prevention programs to maximize effectiveness. the two interventions, methadone maintenance and street outreach, address different types of risk behavior. we developed a model of the spread of hiv and divided ...	2003	12930884
[antonio hernández. human profile of the activist. interview by josé maría medellín].		2003	12929676
the education and medical practice of dr. james mccune smith (1813-1865), first black american to hold a medical degree.	james mccune smith (1813-1865)--first black american to obtain a medical degree, prominent abolitionist and suffragist, compassionate physician, prolific writer, and public intellectual--has been relatively neglected by historians of medicine. no biography of smith exists to this day, though he has been the subject of several essays. born, in his own words, "the son of a self-emancipated bond-woman," and denied admission to colleges in the united states, his native land, smith earned medical, ma ...	2003	12911258
discrimination of west nile virus and japanese encephalitis virus strains using rt-pcr rflp analysis.	west nile (wn) virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that induces lethal encephalitis in humans and horses. since an outbreak of wn encephalitis in humans and horses occurred in new york city in late august 1999, the possibility exists that wn virus will invade regions that have close links with the united states, such as japan. we developed a genetic diagnostic method that discriminates between strains of wn virus and japanese encephalitis (je) virus. the method involves rt-pcr restriction fragm ...	2003	12906104
frequency of and outcome of acute coronary syndromes in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.	fifty-one patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and acute coronary syndromes were identified. nearly all patients (98%) had traditional coronary risk factors. revascularization procedures were performed safely with low in-hospital mortality.	2003	12888138
persistence of a highly resistant strain of tuberculosis in new york city during 1990-1999.	one multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis (mdrtb) strain, strain w, caused several nosocomial outbreaks in new york city (nyc) during 1 january 1990-31 july 1993. we reviewed all mdrtb cases verified during 1 august 1993-31 december 1999 that had isolates with either this dna pattern or a variant of this strain, and we compared them to the outbreak cases. of 427 dna-confirmed cases from 1990-1999, 161 (37%) were from 1 august 1993-31 december 1999; these 161 cases, from 56 hospitals and ...	2003	12870116
detection of human t-lymphotropic virus (htlv) tax sequences in new york city blood donors seronegative for htlv types 1 and 2.	a potential public health concern is the reported detection of the human t-lymphotropic virus (htlv) tax gene in the lymphocytes of up to 11% of a low-risk group of new york city blood donors (nybd). this study aimed to independently confirm the prevalence of htlv tax sequences in 293 nybd. all nybd tested negative for antibodies to htlv types 1 and 2 and htlv tax. htlv tax sequences were not detected in the nybd lymphocytes. these data demonstrate the lack of htlv-1 tax in this group of nybd at ...	2003	12853410
hiv sexual risk behavior among puerto rican women.	we examined the association of primary or nonprimary sexual partner relationship status on sexual risk behaviors, including condom use, among latina women who are at self-disclosed increased heterosexual risk for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. data were collected via structured interviews of 187 puerto rican women, aged 18-35, who attended a health clinic in the bronx, new york. approximately 13% of participants reported sexual activities with both primary and nonprimary sexual pa ...	2003	12851172
cognitive processes underlying human mate choice: the relationship between self-perception and mate preference in western society.	this study tested two hypotheses concerning the cognitive processes underlying human mate choice in western society: (i) mate preference is conditional in that the selectivity of individuals' mate preference is based on their perception of themselves as long-term partners, and (ii) the decision rule governing such conditional mate preference is based on translating perception of oneself on a given attribute into a comparable selectivity of preference for the same attribute in a mate. both hypoth ...	2003	12843405
molecular, serological, and virulence characteristics of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from environmental, food, and clinical sources in north america and asia.	potential virulence attributes, serotypes, and ribotypes were determined for 178 pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from clinical, environmental, and food sources on the pacific, atlantic, and gulf coasts of the united states and from clinical sources in asia. the food and environmental isolates were generally from oysters, and they were defined as being pathogenic by using dna probes to detect the presence of the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) gene. the clinical isolates from the ...	2003	12839774
ethically questionable research with children: the fenfluramine study.		2002	12816124
world trade center human identification project: experiences with individual body identification cases.	to present individual body identification efforts, as part of the world trade center (wtc) mass disaster identification project.	2003	12808716
from dust to dust: ethical and practical issues involved in the location, exhumation, and identification of bodies from mass graves.	there are many potential purposes served by the investigation of human remains: criminal fact-finding, archaeological exploration, forensic research, and others. this paper focuses on the identification of remains from mass graves to find missing persons. the primary goal of such efforts is to honor the memory of the dead by bringing closure to living family members, thus supporting the human rights of both the living and the deceased. cultures, customs, political, and interpersonal specifics wi ...	2003	12808715
clinical evaluation of the emergency medical services (ems) ambulance dispatch-based syndromic surveillance system, new york city.	since 1998, the new york city department of health has used new york city emergency medical services (ems) ambulance dispatch data to monitor for a communitywide rise in influenzalike illness (ili) as an early detection system for bioterrorism. a clinical validation study was conducted during peak influenza season at six new york city emergency departments (eds) to compare patients with ili brought in by ambulance with other patients to examine potential biases associated with ambulance dispatch ...	2003	12791779
use of ambulance dispatch data as an early warning system for communitywide influenzalike illness, new york city.	in 1998, the new york city department of health and the mayor's office of emergency management began monitoring the volume of ambulance dispatch calls as a surveillance tool for biologic terrorism. we adapted statistical techniques designed to measure excess influenza mortality and applied them to outbreak detection using ambulance dispatch data. since 1999, we have been performing serial daily regressions to determine the alarm threshold for the current day. in this article, we evaluate this ap ...	2003	12791778
organochlorines, lead, and mercury in akwesasne mohawk youth.	most humans have detectable body burdens of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), hexachlorobenzene (hcb), and p,p'-dichlorophenyldichloroethylene p,p'-dde), a metabolite of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt). native american communities may be at increased risk of exposure through subsistence-based diets and greater physical contact with contaminated soil and water. in this article we describe the levels of toxicants (pcbs, p,p'-dde, hcb, mirex, lead, and mercury) among youth 10-17 years ol ...	2003	12782498
improving adolescent preventive services through state, managed care, and community partnerships.	to develop and evaluate a multipronged, guideline-based initiative to improve quality of adolescent preventive care.	2003	12782447
molecular subtyping to detect human listeriosis clusters.	we analyzed the diversity (simpson's index, d) and distribution of listeria monocytogenes in human listeriosis cases in new york state (excluding new york city) from november 1996 to june 2000 by using automated ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). we applied a scan statistic (p<or=0.05) to detect listeriosis clusters caused by a specific listeria monocytogenes subtype. among 131 human isolates, 34 (d=0.923) ribotypes and 74 (d=0.975) pfge types were found. nine (31% of cases) ...	2003	12781006
dead bird clusters as an early warning system for west nile virus activity.	an early warning system for west nile virus (wnv) outbreaks could provide a basis for targeted public education and surveillance activities as well as more timely larval and adult mosquito control. we adapted the spatial scan statistic for prospective detection of infectious disease outbreaks, applied the results to data on dead birds reported from new york city in 2000, and reviewed its utility in providing an early warning of wnv activity in 2001. prospective geographic cluster analysis of dea ...	2003	12781002
genetics and molecular diagnostics in the clinical laboratory science curriculum.	to determine the nature and extent of education in human genetics and molecular diagnostics in clinical laboratory science (cls) programs throughout the u.s.	2002	12778962
african american caregivers and hiv/aids formal resources.	the african american community continues to be disproportionately affected by the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (hiv/aids) in many ways. in addition to the prevalence rates of the disease in the community, caregivers of people living with hiv/aids continue to be challenged as they strive to provide care and support to love ones. the purpose of this pilot study is to explore how african american caregivers of adults living with hiv/aids engage available formal r ...	2003	12760121
complications of in vitro fertilization with intracytoplasmic sperm injection in human immunodeficiency virus serodiscordant couples.	our experience with complications related to in vitro fertilization (ivf), particularly ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (ohss) and higher-order multiple gestations, in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) serodiscordant couples undergoing ivf with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (icsi) is presented.	2003	12756584
scirrhous changes in dysplastic nodules do not indicate high-grade status.	dysplastic nodules (dn) may be divided into high-grade and low-grade, and the former has been known as a precancerous or borderline lesion. recently many morphological characteristics concerning these types of dn have been reported. in the present study we attempted to evaluate the scirrhous change in dn as an indicative feature of high-grade dn, based on the morphological and cell-kinetic analyses using immunohistochemical stains for ki-67.	2003	12753147
first detection of microsporidia in dairy calves in north america.	fecal specimens were obtained from a total of 413 dairy calves from farms in vermont, new york, pennsylvania, maryland, virginia, north carolina, and florida. after removal of fecal debris by sieving and density gradient centrifugation, specimens were examined by fluorescence microscopy, polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and dna sequencing analysis for the presence of microsporidia. microscopic examination revealed no spores. pcr using generic primers for microsporidia revealed 70 positive calves ...	2003	12739131
implementation of expedited human immunodeficiency virus testing of women delivering infants in a large new york city hospital.	since august 1999, new york has required expedited human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) testing of pregnant women in labor or their newborns, with results available within 48 hours if no intrapregnancy test result was available. we documented the frequency and circumstances of expedited hiv testing, the time required for a result to be available, and hospital factors associated with different intervals.	2003	12738161
spatial analysis of west nile virus: rapid risk assessment of an introduced vector-borne zoonosis.	the distribution of human risk for west nile virus was determined by spatial analysis of the initial case distribution for the new york city area in 1999 using remote sensing and geographic information system technologies. cluster analysis revealed the presence of a statistically significant grouping of cases, which also indicates the area of probable virus introduction. within the cluster, habitat suitability for potentially infective adult mosquitoes was measured by the amount of vegetation co ...	2002	12737545
early season crow mortality as a sentinel for west nile virus disease in humans, northeastern united states.	the 1999 new york epidemic of human west nile virus (wn) encephalitis and meningitis was preceded by a crow die-off also caused by wn infection. as one component of the subsequently developed national surveillance system, crow mortality data were collected to detect wn activity before humans might become infected. however, predicting areas at risk for human wn disease likely requires assessment of multiple factors, including the intensity and timing of crow epizootics. to identify early season m ...	2002	12737544
identifying west nile virus risk areas: the dynamic continuous-area space-time system.	the dynamic continuous-area space-time (dycast) system was developed to identify and prospectively monitor high-risk areas for west nile virus in new york, new york (new york city). the system is based on a geographic model that uses a localized knox test to capture the nonrandom space-time interaction of dead birds, as an indicator of an intense west nile virus amplification cycle, within a 1.5-mile (2.41-km) buffer area and 21-day moving window. the knox analysis is implemented as an interpola ...	2003	12727678
ssi benefits. denial of ssi claim upheld for man who later qualified as disabled.		2003	12712926
henry kunkel, stephanie smith, clinical immunology, and split genes.	the york avenue (new york) 'ecosystem' from the 1940s through the 1980s enabled henry kunkel to apply new scientific methodology to understanding human disease. stephanie smith, a young woman with lupus, was treated at the rockefeller university hospital in the 1960s. studies of her antinuclear antibodies by kunkel and eng tan led to the discovery of a precipitin line specific for lupus, and the responsible antigen was designated sm (for 'smith'). this review outlines the history of sm antigen f ...	2003	12708785
biological effects of asbestos: new york academy of sciences 1964.	in 1964, the new york academy of sciences held a conference on asbestos that was to promote the slow decline in the fortunes of asbestos. it brought together a who's who of international scientists who had conducted and reported on experimental and human studies of the effects of asbestos. very little new data were presented at the conference, but by bringing together a compendium of knowledge of the adverse effects of asbestos, it served further notice to asbestos-using industry of the major pu ...	2003	12704628
the cyp3a4*1b variant is related to the onset of puberty, a known risk factor for the development of breast cancer.	breast development, one of the first signs of puberty, is closely associated with age at menarche; and early menarche is in turn a well-established risk factor for female breast cancer. we examined the relationships between the onset of puberty and gene variants for certain enzymes that regulate hormone metabolism among 137 healthy nine-year-old girls from two pediatric clinics. high-activity cyp17 alleles, involved in estrogen formation, and high-activity cyp1a2 and cyp1b1 alleles, whose gene p ...	2003	12692107
children's mental health after disasters: the impact of the world trade center attack.	this paper summarizes the results of systematic studies published in peer-reviewed journals from 1999 to 2002 addressing post-traumatic stress reactions in children after mass disasters. children's post-traumatic reactions are considered in five different contexts--natural disasters, large-scale human-induced accidents, spree shootings, war, and terrorism. association of these reactions with gender and age, as well as longitudinal course, is addressed. other post-traumatic reactions in children ...	2003	12685989
migratory birds and west nile virus.	west nile virus was first recorded in the new world during august 1999 in new york city. aetiology of the disease in the old world indicated birds as the likely introductory and amplifying hosts with ornithophilous mosquitoes, e.g. culex pipiens, as the principal vectors. speculation regarding likely agents for movement of the virus in its new environment focused on migratory birds, but evidence to date is equivocal. while spread of the disease has been fairly rapid, at a rate of roughly 70 km a ...	2003	12675936
spatiotemporal variation in a lyme disease host and vector: black-legged ticks on white-footed mice.	we monitored population density of white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus), burdens of immature black-legged ticks (ixodes scapularis) on mice, and infection prevalence of host-seeking ticks on six forest plots in southeastern new york state from 1995 through 1999. despite densities of mice that fluctuated two orders of magnitude, average larval and nymphal tick burdens per mouse remained remarkably constant. spatial variability in mouse density and tick burdens was modest. the total number of l ...	2001	12653143
effects of acorn production and mouse abundance on abundance and borrelia burgdorferi infection prevalence of nymphal ixodes scapularis ticks.	risk of exposure to lyme disease is a function of the local abundance of nymphal ixodes ticks that are infected with the etiological agent, the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. we monitored abundance of white-footed mice (the principal b. burgdorferi reservoir in the eastern and central united states) and acorns (a critical food resource for mice), and ixodes scapularis ticks, as well as ambient temperature (cumulative growing degree days) and growing season precipitation, in a forested landscap ...	2001	12653136
rabies epizootics among raccoons vary along a north-south gradient in the eastern united states.	the characteristics of rabies epizootics among raccoons were investigated in 11 eastern states along a north-south gradient from new york to north carolina. epizootics were defined as discrete intervals of time of at least 5 months in duration, when reported cases of raccoon rabies from an individual county exceeded the median value of raccoon rabies cases reported by that county over the entire period rabies was present among raccoons in the county. over the approximately 20-year study period, ...	2001	12653126
incident and persistent vulvovaginal candidiasis among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women: risk factors and severity.	to examine risk factors for vulvovaginal candidiasis among women with or at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection.	2003	12636961
variability in the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis b virus, and hepatitis c virus infection among young injecting drug users in new york city.	cohort studies of young (aged 18-30 years) injecting drug users recruited in 1997-1999 in the harlem and lower east side areas of new york city, new york, were used to assess the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), hepatitis b virus (hbv), and hepatitis c virus (hcv). the authors found that hiv incidence was low at both sites: 0.8/100 person-years at the harlem site and 0/100 person-years at the lower east side site. in contrast, hbv incidence was moderate (12.2/100 person-years) at ...	2003	12615611
adherence to hiv medications in a cohort of men who have sex with men: impact of september 11th.	adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) regimens remains a challenge for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). severe traumas like that of september 11, 2001, can exacerbate the difficulties already associated with adherence. a community-based sample of 68 hiv-seropositive men who have sex with men (msm) living in new york city who were on protease inhibitor haart regimens completed quantitative assessments to examine adherence in the aftermath of september 11t ...	2003	12612105
teaching holistic child health promotion using watson's theory of human science and human care.	"preservation and advancement of human care is a critical issue for nursing today in our increasingly depersonalized society. the mandate for nursing within science as well as within society is a demand for cherishing of the wholeness of human personality" (watson, 1999, p. 29). children today are being faced with having to deal with this societal "depersonalization." how children grow up to perceive themselves and others is crucial in developing future adults who genuinely care about themselves ...	2003	12610790
development under extreme conditions: forensic bioinformatics in the wake of the world trade center disaster.	the terrorist attacks of september 11, 2001 resulted in death and devastation in three locations, and extraordinary efforts have been exerted to identify the remains of all victims. as mass fatalities go, this one has been unusual at a policy level because the goal has been not merely to identify remains for every decedent, but to identify every bit of remains found so that even small pieces of tissue can be returned to families for burial. while the human impact at the pentagon and shanksville, ...	2003	12603064
a 'perfect day' in ambulatory care. case study: a work redesign method to improve access.	a nationwide network of community-owned health systems and their physicians invited several health care practices in new york to participate in a collaborative effort to explore advanced-access scheduling to improve same-day appointment availability. roswell park cancer institute, buffalo, accepted.	2003	12602197
disasters, psychiatry, and psychodynamics.	the unique experience of disaster psychiatry outreach, a voluntary organization devoted to providing psychiatric assistance to people affected by disasters, provides a valuable substrate for exploring the role of psychodynamics in the human experience of disaster and trauma. this article offers a theoretical framework for such an experience that takes into account personal meaning, ego psychology and defenses, and grief work and suggests how to employ this framework in the setting of a disaster ...	2002	12597099
intrauterine west nile virus infection--new york, 2002.	west nile virus (wnv), a mosquito-borne flavivirus and human neuropathogen, is epidemic in the united states. in 2002, newly recognized mechanisms of person-to-person wnv transmission were described, including possible transmission from mother to infant through breast milk. wnv has not been previously associated with intrauterine infection or adverse birth outcomes. this report describes a case of transplacental wnv transmission. pregnant women should take precautions to reduce their risk for wn ...	2002	12537289
adult blood lead epidemiology and surveillance--united states, 1998-2001.	elevated blood lead levels (blls) in adults can damage the cardiovascular, central nervous, reproductive, hematologic, and renal systems. the majority of cases are workplace-related. u.s. department of health and human services recommends that blls among all adults be reduced to < 25 microg/dl. the highest bll acceptable by standards of the u.s. occupational safety and health administration is 40 microg/dl. the mean bll of adults in the united states is < 3 microg/dl.	2002	12528812
the thin line between nurse and patient. [review of: davis, c. i knew a woman: the experience of the female body. new york: random house, 2001].		2002	12510684
the legal context of mosquito control for west nile virus in new york city.	when new york city became the first area in the united states to experience an outbreak of west nile virus, the new york city department of health and mental hygiene assumed responsibility for responding to the threat. that department's actions in spraying and taking other actions to control the mosquitoes that spread the disease to humans encountered significant opposition from various environmental groups. moreover, complying with existing law that governed mosquito control activities became a ...	2002	12508516
antibiotic susceptibilities of anaplasma (ehrlichia) phagocytophilum strains from various geographic areas in the united states.	we tested the antibiotic susceptibilities of eight strains of anaplasma phagocytophilum (the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis) collected in various geographic areas of the united states, including minnesota, wisconsin, california, and new york. the results are homogeneous and show that doxycycline, rifampin, and levofloxacin are the most active antibiotics against these strains in vitro.	2003	12499227
avian reservoirs of the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis?		2002	12498679
first isolation of west nile virus from a patient with encephalitis in the united states.	west nile virus (wnv) was isolated from a patient who developed encephalitis while undergoing treatment with chop (cyclophosphamide, hydroxydoxorubicin, vincristine [oncovin], predisone) and rituximab for a non-hodgkin b-cell lymphoma. both standard reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and taqman rt-pcr established the diagnosis of wnv infection from cerebrospinal fluid (csf). several whole blood samples and one serum sample underwent further testing. csf and serum samples we ...	2002	12498649
pharmacy syringe sale practices during the first year of expanded syringe availability in new york city (2001-2002).	[corrected] to assess the role that customer characteristics, including race, age, and gender and pharmacy characteristics, including type and location, play on actual syringe-selling practice by pharmacies registered to sell syringes under the new york state expanded syringe access demonstration program (esap).	2002	12489622
legal syringe purchases by injection drug users, brooklyn and queens, new york city, 2000-2001.	to assess preliminary results of the expanded syringe access demonstration program (esap) in new york city.	2002	12489620
more pharmacists in high-risk neighborhoods of new york city support selling syringes to injection drug users.	to document changes in pharmacists' opinions and practices from the time of passage to implementation of a law permitting selling syringes without a prescription (the expanded syringe access demonstration program [esap]).	2002	12489618
special issue dedicated in memory of dr. edward h. ahrens, jr.	this special issue of the "cardiovascular drug reviews" is dedicated in memory of dr. edward h. ahrens, jr., who died on dec. 9th, 2000 at the princeton medical center in new jersey at the age of 85. dr. ahrens was the director of the lipid metabolism laboratory at the rockefeller university. dr. alexander scriabine conceived the idea for the issue at the special memorial symposium held at the rockefeller university on feb. 05, 2002 under the auspices of the new york lipid and vascular biology r ...	2002	12481196
[stanley burns--the man who collects historical medical failures].		2002	12469588
beliefs about methadone in an inner-city methadone clinic.	despite being considered both the most effective treatment for heroin addiction and an essential tool in the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), methadone maintenance (mm) is often held in low esteem by heroin addicts-even those in mm treatment. this survey examined current beliefs and attitudes about mm of patients at an inner-city clinic, and the personal experience and attitudes of these patients with this treatment. consenting patients in a methadone clinic serving a poor popul ...	2002	12468676
an early manuscript in the history of american comparative psychology: lewis henry morgan's "animal psychology" (1857).	lewis henry morgan (1818-1881) is best known as the 1st ethnographer of native american culture, but he also wrote on animal psychology, beginning in 1843, some 50 years before the founding of comparative psychology as a scientific discipline. although not an evolutionist, morgan argued that animals possess many human mental abilities, such as reason and moral judgment, and he rejected the scientific utility of the concept of instinct, a view that did not gain much currency in psychology until t ...	2002	12465615
interventions to prevent hiv-related stigma and discrimination: findings and recommendations for public health practice.	stigma and discrimination exist in many forms, undermining individual and community health. interventions to combat stigma and discrimination are essential to prevent the spread of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (hiv/aids). health departments, and others, can benefit by mounting specific interventions against these threats to public health. in new york state, interventions against hiv-related stigma and discrimination are integral components of the comprehensive ...	2002	12463050
a return to the worker role after injury: firefighters seriously injured on the job and the decision to return to high-risk work.	this paper presents information on occupational choices and behaviors as described by the model of human occupation and the profession of occupational therapy. this project was designed to answer the research question, "why do people choose to return to the same high-risk careers after sustaining a serious work-related injury?" two firefighters from a new york metropolitan area were interviewed individually to explore their roles, especially the worker role, their injuries, and their decisions t ...	2002	12454449
the effectiveness of ergonomic intervention in the classroom.	to see if an in-service on proper body mechanics and ergonomics for computer workstation usage can increase a student's knowledge regarding these areas.	2002	12441592
kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection in elderly jews and non-jews from new york city.	worldwide, kaposi's sarcoma (ks) occurs in immunocompetent elderly adults, especially men. elderly jews have relatively high ks risk, but it is unclear whether this indicates heightened prevalence of ks-associated herpesvirus (kshv), the ks agent. we studied jewish and non-jewish patients at a new york city geriatrics clinic.	2002	12435765
the september 11, 2001 disaster and the new york blood supply.		2002	12423526
comorbid conditions, treatment, and health maintenance in older persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection in new york city.	we retrospectively examined comorbid conditions and health maintenance in 198 patients aged > or =55 years who attended 3 new york city human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) clinics between 1 january 1990 and 30 june 1998. annual influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations within 5 years were given in 82% and 86% of patients, respectively. among 57 women, 79% had a papanicolaou smear within 1 year, and 53% had a mammogram within 2 years. of 165 patients who received care after 1 july 1996, 147 (89%) ha ...	2002	12410484
crack cocaine use and other risk factors for tuberculin positivity in drug users.	two-step tuberculin testing and standardized interviews of 793 current and former drug users were performed to determine the risk factors for tuberculin positivity. the prevalence of tuberculin positivity was 25%. factors independently associated with tuberculin positivity among participants seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) included crack cocaine use (adjusted odds ratio [or], 1.6; 95% confidence interval [ci], 1.0-2.5), employment as a home health aide (adjusted or, 2.1; 95% ...	2002	12410478
environment: trash trends.		2002	12410295
heterogeneity and seroprevalence of a newly identified avian hepatitis e virus from chickens in the united states.	we recently identified and characterized a novel virus, designated avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev), from chickens with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome (hs syndrome) in the united states. avian hev is genetically related to but distinct from human and swine hevs. to determine the extent of genetic variation and the seroprevalence of avian hev infection in chicken flocks, we genetically identified and characterized 11 additional avian hev isolates from chickens with hs syndrome and assessed th ...	2002	12409397
molecular analysis in support of an investigation of a cluster of hiv-1-infected women.	an investigation of a possible single-source sexual transmission case was conducted in upstate new york in 1997-1998 (mmwr 1999;48:413-416). of 42 primary female contacts with the putative male index case, 13 tested positive for hiv infection. blood was available for dna sequencing (c2v3c3 region of the env gene and the p17-coding region of gag) from 10 of the 13 women, 1 hiv-infected secondary contact, and 2 hiv-infected persons from the community, but not from the index cam. phylogenetic and d ...	2002	12402955
failure to implement respiratory isolation: why does it happen?	respiratory isolation for 90% of individuals with acid-fast bacillus (afb)-smear-positive tuberculosis (tb) is a recommended performance indicator in recent infectious diseases society of america and centers for disease control and prevention guidelines. however, compliance with respiratory isolation reported from multiple centers in the united states and europe falls short of that goal.	2002	12400889
domestic violence screening and referral can be effective.	we provide a targeted intervention in the emergency department for intimate partner violence (ipv) victims and to facilitate follow-up care from a professional case manager.	2002	12399791
mediators of social support and antiretroviral adherence among an indigent population in new york city.	survey interviews were conducted with a random sample of 50 primarily indigent, african american and puerto rican men and women at an outpatient human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) clinic in the bronx, new york. analyses revealed a generally high rate of adherence according to self-report data (i.e., on average, participants reported taking 85% of their medications over the last 3 days). however, adherence to the correct number of pills, dosing schedules, and special instructions was more problem ...	2002	12396695
negotiating without a net. a conversation with the nypd's dominick j. misino.	in some languages, the word for "business" is the same as the word for "negotiation." that's not really surprising: every interaction--with customers, suppliers, and even partners and investors--entails negotiation. and some involve very high stakes: the breakdown in negotiations between hewlett-packard's management and its founding families, for instance, put the company's future in doubt. dominick misino is a man who knows about negotiating when the stakes are at their very highest. as a hosta ...	2002	12389461
estimated risk of west nile virus transmission through blood transfusion during an epidemic in queens, new york city.	human west nile virus (wnv) infection has been documented in the eastern united states since its discovery there in 1999. epidemics of wnv encephalitis and meningitis raise concern that transmission of wnv may occur through voluntary blood donations.	2002	12385413
the effects of migration on the detection of geographic differences in disease risk.	human migration can make it more difficult to detect geographic differences in disease risk because of the spatial diffusion of people originally exposed in a given geographic area. there are also situations where migration can facilitate the detection of disease attributable to environmental hazards. this paper assesses the effects that migration has on the ability to detect regional variability in disease risk. several characteristics of migration are discussed, including some that are not wid ...	2002	12383466
predictors of health and human services use by persons with dementia and their family caregivers.	the aim of this study was to identify predictors of the use of health and human services by community residing persons with dementia and their family caregivers. telephone interviews were conducted with a sample of 608 primary caregivers of community residing persons with dementia who were randomly selected from a state-wide dementia registry. the anderson behavioral model of health care use was used as the analytic framework. hierarchical ordinary least squares regression models were developed ...	2002	12365535
primary and secondary syphilis among men who have sex with men--new york city, 2001.	after declining steadily for 10 years, the number of reported cases of primary and secondary (p&s) syphilis more than doubled in new york city (nyc) from 117 in 2000 to 282 in 2001. the increases have occurred primarily among men who have sex with men (msm). of particular concern is the high proportion of syphilis cases among msm who also have human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). this report summarizes 2001 p&s syphilis data for nyc and compares it with surveillance data for 1999 and 2000; findin ...	2002	12363336
work and family roles: indian career women in india and the west.	this study examines indian career women's work and family roles, sources of stress, ways of coping, and well-being in the light of cultural expectations in india and the west. a number of different instruments were included to measure job satisfaction, mental health, job stressors, coping behavior, demographic characteristics, domestic responsibility and satisfaction. data were collected, using two earner stressor questionnaires (a coping behavior questionnaire and a mental health and job sati ...	1999	12349197
the association of idealization and intimacy factors with condom use in gay male couples.	despite all of the education and public awareness about aids in the us, some gay men have not adopted risk-reduction behaviors. findings are reported from a study exploring the extent to which a gay man idealizes his partner is linked to reported condom use among gay male couples. the study also explored how the following intimacy factors are linked to condom use: relationship satisfaction, relationship excitement, and interpersonal closeness. questionnaires were distributed to 125 gay male c ...	1997	12348422
newsmaker interview: geraldine ferraro. striving for equality.	geraldine ferraro is a long-standing advocate of women's rights who currently serves as the us ambassador to the un's human rights commission. she was elected to the us congress in 1978, after which she served three terms as a representative from the state of new york. ms. ferraro led efforts to pass the equal rights amendment, sponsored the women's economic equity act, and ran on the democratic national ticket in 1984 as the first woman vice-presidential candidate. this paper presents the te ...	1995	12346510
let's not forget about the men.	replacing the concept of "women in development" with that of "gender in development" reflects a welcome perspective which views men and women as intrinsically bound and able to work together to achieve shared goals. women's empowerment is now recognized as a human issue which a significant number of men are willing to support. identifying gender gaps remains an important first step, and many programs are most effective if their first efforts are devoted to building capacities of women in separ ...	1995	12346505
teen choice of inwood house.	the teen choice program in new york city was described and the outcome of the program evaluation was reported. teen choice is a school based sex education and pregnancy prevention program run by trained social workers. the aim is to provide information, counseling, and referrals on a range of issues relating to sexuality. the program is elective and meets during a regularly scheduled gym period for one or two semesters from the 7th to the 12th grades. there are single sex and coeducational c ...	1994	12345545
davis v. davis [21 september 1989].	in tennessee, the parties were a separated wife and husband who contested the disposition of 7 cryogenically frozen embryos produced by means of in vitro fertilization using the wife's ova and the husband's sperm. the wife sought custody of the embryos so that she could have them implanted in order to become pregnant. the court granted temporary custody of the embryos to the wife. it held that life begins at conception and that, thus, the embryos were children, rather than property, as the hu ...	1989	12344463
state of new york v. sullivan [1 november 1989].	the plaintiffs were a new york family planning organizations and physicians who challenged regulations issued by the us department of health and human services that prohibited grantees from counselling women about abortion and referring them to abortion services unless they did so in separate facilities with separate personnel not supported by federal funds. the court of appeals for the 2nd circuit upheld the regulations. it ruled that they constituted a permissible construction of statutory l ...	1989	12344096
reproductive biology in the oneida community, 1848-1880.	the oneida community -- a communistic settlement that originated in 1848 and was located in central new york state -- made medical history in the areas of birth control, sexuality, and selective breeding. the perfectionist theology of the community's leader, john humphrey noyes, held that the 2nd coming of christ had already occurred, that true believers had already been "saved," and that he had been designated as an agent of god to proclaim "heaven on earth." this spiritual condition involved ...	1972	12336631
epidemiologic transition in the united states: the health factor in population change.	the general theory of epidemiologic transition is explained. the theory hypothesizes that long-term changes in health and disease patterns in any society are related to the demographic and social conditions in that country. mortality is considered to be the major factor in population change. the theory is illustrated by a detailed consideration of birth and death trends in the u.s. mortality decline began in the u.s. in the middle of the nineteenth century. associated with this decline was ...	1977	12335110
internal migration patterns for u.s. foreign-born, 1985-1990.	"using 1990 census data, this paper calculates the flow [of the foreign-born population in the united states] between states and from abroad; also, a multinomial logistic regression model of destination choice is estimated for resettlers and for migrants from abroad. there are three major findings. firstly, florida and california are the largest recipients of foreign-born resettlers; new york is the biggest loser of secondary migrants. secondly, the presence of large communities of mexicans in c ...	1997	12321146
conference report. interview: dr. fred sai. programme expansion "a major advance".	the 1994 international conference on population and development (icpd) scored quite a success in winning the inclusion of the improvement of women's status and the need for human resource development as part of the population dimension. it was also agreed in program terms that reproductive health is the main basis from which to proceed in family planning. the abortion debate was good in that it raised the conference profile through the world's media and forced people to consider and discuss th ...	1994	12319120