Publications

parvovirus b19 infection in hong kong.	human parvovirus b19 is a small dna virus that can cause a number of diseases, notably erythema infectiosum in children, and aplastic crisis in patients with chronic haemolytic disorders. with the availability of serological tests for parvovirus infection, much is known about the prevalence of this virus in the western population. however, there have not been any data on the epidemiological pattern of parvovirus b19 infection in hong kong and its surrounding region. in this report we have studie ...	1997	9459396
influenza a virus subtype h5n1 infection in humans: update.		1997	9458573
sequence offers clues to deadly flu.		1998	9454326
from the centers for disease control and prevention. isolation of avian influenza a(h5n1) viruses from humans--hong kong, may-december 1997.		1998	9450697
could virulent virus be harbinger of 'new flu'?		1998	9450695
influenza a virus subtype h5n1 infection in humans.		1997	9447788
update: isolation of avian influenza a(h5n1) viruses from humans--hong kong, 1997-1998.	as of january 6, 1998, a total of 16 confirmed and three suspected cases of human infection with avian influenza a(h5n1) viruses have been identified in hong kong. confirmed cases are those from which an influenza a(h5n1) virus was isolated or in which a seroconversion to influenza a(h5n1) virus was detected by a neutralization assay. suspected cases are those with influenza-like illness (ili) and preliminary laboratory evidence of influenza a(h5n1) infection. this report summarizes interim find ...	1998	9436713
characterization of an avian influenza a (h5n1) virus isolated from a child with a fatal respiratory illness.	an avian h5n1 influenza a virus (a/hong kong/156/97) was isolated from a tracheal aspirate obtained from a 3-year-old child in hong kong with a fatal illness consistent with influenza. serologic analysis indicated the presence of an h5 hemagglutinin. all eight rna segments were derived from an avian influenza a virus. the hemagglutinin contained multiple basic amino acids adjacent to the cleavage site, a feature characteristic of highly pathogenic avian influenza a viruses. the virus caused 87.5 ...	1998	9430591
isolation of avian influenza a(h5n1) viruses from humans--hong kong, may-december 1997.	a strain of influenza virus that previously was known to infect only birds has been associated with infection and illness in humans in hong kong. the first known human case of influenza type a(h5n1) occurred in a 3-year-old child who died from respiratory failure in may 1997. in hong kong, the virus initially was identified as influenza type a, but the subtype could not be determined using standard reagents. by august, cdc; the national influenza center, rotterdam, the netherlands; and the natio ...	1997	9414153
the dopamine transporter gene and parkinson's disease in a chinese population.	we studied a variable number tandem repeat polymorphism within the dopamine transporter gene (dat) for an association with parkinson's disease in a chinese population. five alleles were detected, consisting of 6, 8, 9, 10, and 11 copies of the 40 base pair repeat sequence. the 10-copy allele was most common, accounting for 90% of alleles. there were no significant differences between the patients and the control subjects in the distribution frequencies of the alleles or genotypes. therefore, thi ...	1997	9409349
charles bonnet syndrome with major depression in a chinese middle-aged man.	to describe a middle-aged patient with charles bonnet syndrome (cbs) suffering from concurrent major depression.	1997	9400886
the association of squamous cell carcinomas of the nasopharynx with epstein-barr virus shows geographical variation reminiscent of burkitt's lymphoma.	nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc) is rare in most parts of the world but occurs with high incidence in certain regions, such as south-east asia. two major histological types of npc are recognized, non-keratinizing carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. non-keratinizing npcs, which include undifferentiated npc, are invariably associated with epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection, regardless of the geographical or ethnic origin of the patients. by contrast, conflicting results have been published concer ...	1997	9390028
patterns of viral hepatitis in hong kong.	viral hepatitis is the most common form of acute or chronic hepatitis in hong kong. this article outlines current patterns of viral hepatitis in hong kong, and discusses the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of the different forms of the disease.	1997	9373408
breast milk fatty acid composition: a comparative study between hong kong and chongqing chinese.	the fatty acids of milk samples obtained from 51 hong kong chinese and 33 chongqing chinese (si chuan province, china) were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. compared with those of published data for canadian and other western countries, the chinese milk from both hong kong and chongqing contained higher levels of longer-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) and arachidonic acid (20:4n-6). in contrast, the content of trans fatty acids in the chinese ...	1997	9358432
monitoring the safety of herbal medicines.	extremely limited knowledge about the ingredients in herbal medicines and their effects in humans, the lack of stringent quality control and the heterogenous nature of herbal medicines all necessitate the continuous monitoring of the safety of these products. in hong kong, safety information on herbal medicines has come from the enquiries and reports received by our drug and poisons information service, on-going surveillance of patients treated in a large general teaching hospital and review of ...	1997	9352957
the flu pandemic that might have been.		1997	9312852
prevalence of mutations and 30-bp deletion in the c-terminal region of epstein-barr virus latent membrane protein-1 oncogene in reactive lymphoid tissue and non-nasopharyngeal ebv-associated carcinomas in hong kong chinese.	a specific variant of epstein-barr virus (ebv) with a 30-bp deletion in the c-terminal region of the lmp1 gene has been found in some ebv-associated malignancies. to better understand the tumorigenic role of this lmp1 variant, we used pcr and sequencing to examine the lmp1 gene in 38 ebv-associated carcinomas (ebv-cas) occurring in various organs (6 lung, 10 salivary gland, 5 sino-nasal, 16 gastric and 1 metastatic npc), 55 reactive lymphoid tissues from tonsils (ton) and 67 ebv-negative tumours ...	1997	9219824
[bronchopneumonia caused by neisseria meningitidis--probable transmission by a family member who had been in hong kong].	a 22-year-old man came to our hospital complaining of bloody sputum. no abnormalities were seen on a chest x-ray film, but computed tomography of the chest showed infiltrates in the middle and lower lung fields. neisseria meningitidis was isolated from cultured samples of naso pharyngeal secretions, from sputum, and from a sample obtained during bronchoscopy; bacterial bronchopneumonia was diagnosed. family members were studied for meningococcal infection, and the bacterium was cultured from a n ...	1997	9212675
pathogenesis of gastric lymphoma: the enigma in hong kong.	helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) infection has been postulated to be a pathogenetic factor in gastric lymphoma. however, the etiological factors for gastric lymphoma could vary in different populations.	1997	9209639
urban teleradiology in hong kong.	we investigated four major teleradiology programmes in hong kong. we analysed the overall organizational background of each programme, the context of its implementation, the choice of technology and the decision-making process, and the subsequent dissemination of the technology. our review suggests that the success of a telemedicine programme is contingent not only on good technology but also on effective management of issues pertaining to human and organizational factors. at the departmental le ...	1997	9206276
nonnasal lymphoma expressing the natural killer cell marker cd56: a clinicopathologic study of 49 cases of an uncommon aggressive neoplasm.	expression of the natural killer (nk) cell antigen cd56 is uncommon among lymphomas, and those that do are almost exclusively of non-b-cell lineage and show a predilection for the nasal and nasopharyngeal region. this study analyzes 49 cases of nonnasal cd56+ lymphomas, the largest series to date, to characterize the clinicopathologic spectrum of these rare neoplasms. all patients were chinese. four categories could be delineated. (1) nasal-type nk/t cell lymphoma (n = 34) patients were adults 2 ...	1997	9192774
presence of human papillomavirus in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas of hong kong chinese and its relationship with p53 gene mutation.	there is no scientific study that has investigated the association between human papilloma virus (hpv) and p53 mutation in hong kong chinese patients with esophageal cancers. the aim of this survey is to evaluate in details the prevalence and relationship of hpv and p53 mutation in these patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. fresh tissues from the resected specimens of 70 chinese patients (59 men, 11 women) with primary esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (20 well-differentiated, 36 ...	1997	9190999
critical incident reporting in the intensive care unit.	critical incident reporting was introduced into the intensive care unit (icu) as part of the development of a quality assurance programme within our department. over a 3-year period 281 critical incidents were reported. factors relating to causation, detection and prevention of critical incidents were sought. detection of a critical incident in over 50% of cases resulted from direct observation of the patient while monitoring systems accounted for a further 27%. no physiological changes were obs ...	1997	9165956
a pilot study on the measurement of central posterior corneal radius in hong kong chinese using purkinje image technique.	the central posterior corneal radius was measured by assessing the first and second purkinje images produced from a modified keratometer. this method was initially assessed by measuring five pmma lens buttons with back surface radii from 6.2 mm to 7.0 mm. it was reasonably accurate when compared with the measurements made using a conventional radiuscope. the technique was found to be repeatable for human subjects measured on three separate occasions. the mean central posterior corneal radii from ...	1997	9135815
use of dizygotic to monozygotic twinning ratio as a measure of fertility.	monozygotic (mz, identical) twinning occurs at a rate of around three per 1000 maternities in all populations, whereas dizygotic (dz, fraternal) twinning is highly heritable, and varies with age and race. the dz/mz twinning ratio reflects the frequency of twin ovulations, and can provide a useful measure of human fertility.	1997	9121260
a disaster drill in hong kong.	this case report relates the course of a disaster drill held on 19 august 1994 in a regional acute hospital (pamela youde nethersole eastern hospital) in hong kong. the hospital civil disaster contingency plan (the plan) was put to trial on that day. volunteers were invited to become simulated casualties in the exercise. briefing seminars had been conducted with clinicians of the accident and emergency department (a & e) and other departments of the hospital. the scenario was a man-made type dis ...	1997	9069733
identification of mutations in seven chinese patients with x-linked chronic granulomatous disease.	x-linked chronic granulomatous disease (cgd) is due to mutations in the gp91phox gene on xp21.1. studies in white and japanese x-linked cgd patients have shown mutations in nearly every exon. we studied the molecular defect of seven chinese patients with x-linked cgd from six unrelated families. mutations were located by single-strand conformation polymorphism and then defined by sequence analysis. the mutations were two different amino acid substitutions, a nonsense mutation, an in-frame trinuc ...	1996	8916969
a study of the possible etiologic association of epstein-barr virus with reactive hemophagocytic syndrome in hong kong chinese.	the herpes group of viruses, particularly epstein-barr virus (ebv), has frequently been implicated in the causation of reactive hemophagocytic syndrome (rhs) in the western populations. ebv has also been implicated in the rare fulminant form of rhs occurring in oriental children. however, our previous adult-predominant study indicated little clinical and serological evidence of ebv infection in patients with rhs in hong kong. in the present study, we further examined this issue using a more sens ...	1996	8912837
influenza.		1996	8901336
chromosomal 11 alterations in non-small-cell lung carcinomas in hong kong.	we examined 60 non-small-cell lung cancer (nsclc) patients for evidence of genetic alterations on chromosome 11 with nine polymorphic markers by southern blot and microsatellite marker analysis. these analyses detected genetic alterations at both the 11p and 11q arms. at the 11p15 ha-ras locus, the loss of heterozygosity (loh) occurred in three out of 11 (27.3%) of the informative cases; at the 11p11-q12 d11s149 locus, the loh occurred in two out of nine (22.2%) of the informative cases; and at ...	1996	8865123
haemophilia and hiv infection in hong kong.	this is a retrospective study of the problems faced and support received by hiv (human immunodeficiency virus) infected haemophilia patients in hong kong. between december 1984 and december 1994, 63 patients were detected to be hiv positive, out of a total of 231 haemophiliacs screened. infection could be traced back to before august 1985, when safer heat-treated clotting factors were not yet available. psychosocial impacts were obvious in this group of patients because of the double blow of hiv ...	1996	8827127
the detection of clinically occult nasopharyngeal carcinoma in patients following radiotherapy--an analysis of 69 patients.	a prospective analysis of 69 patients who had been treated for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc) by external radiotherapy was carried out. biopsies from the posterior nasopharynx were performed and analyzed by in situ hybridization using an antisense epstein-barr early rna (eber) radio-labelled riboprobe. none of the patients had evidence of disease in the nasopharynx. one patient was found to have nasopharyngeal carcinoma detected only by in situ hybridization. in the subsequent 18-month follow-up ...	1996	8762329
improvements in anaesthetic care resulting from a critical incident reporting programme.	the rôle of an anaesthetic incident reporting programme in improving anaesthetic safety was studied. the programme had been running for 4 to 5 years in three large hospitals in hong kong and more than 1000 incidents have been reported. the number of reports being made and frequency of the various categories of incident reported, did not alter during the study period. sixty nine percent of incidents were considered to be preventable. human error contributed to 76% of incidents and violations of s ...	1996	8758151
the oral prevalence of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods and yeasts in semi-recluse human vegetarians.	limited data exist on the oral ecology of vegetarians. hence the dental and periodontal status, and the oral prevalence of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods (agnr) and yeasts, were studied in 36 semi-recluse, vegetarian, buddhist monks and nuns in hong kong. the oral prevalence of agnr and yeasts was 61.1% and 33.3%. there was no correlation between the prevalence of agnr and/or yeasts and the incidence of carious or filled teeth and the health status of the periodontium. ra ...	1996	8735017
influenza.		1996	8703729
varicella exposure in a neonatal intensive care unit: emergency management and control measures.	we describe an exposure of varicella zoster virus in our neonatal intensive-care unit and the emergency procedures instituted to prevent an outbreak. fifty-seven infants and 129 staff members were exposed but none developed chickenpox. the measures included rapid identification of varicella antibody status in all neonates and those staff members with uncertain history of varicella infection; cohorting of exposed infants according to immune status; and prompt administration of varicella zoster im ...	1996	8690886
influenza.		1996	8664110
prevalence of lmp1 deletion variant of epstein-barr virus in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and gastric tumors in hong kong.		1996	8647637
human papillomavirus infection in hong kong chinese women with normal and abnormal cervix--detection by polymerase chain reaction method on cervical scrapes.	detection of human papillomavirus (hpv) was accomplished by utilizing polymerase chain reaction methods on cervical scrapes from a total of 488 hong kong chinese women attending the colposcopy, general, and antenatal clinics. from colposcopy clinic, 10% of normal cervix, 31% of condyloma, 56, 50, and 57% of cin i, cin ii, and cin iii, respectively, and 88% of squamous cell carcinoma contain hpv. the overall detection rate is 30%. the most prevalent type is 16. four percent of scrapes from normal ...	1996	8631541
absence of epstein-barr virus in penile carcinoma. a study of 42 cases using in situ hybridization.	the relationship between epstein-barr virus (ebv) and carcinomas of the lower female genital tract has been the focus of some studies in recent years. however, the association between ebv and penile carcinoma never has been investigated. the aim of this study was to identify the possible role of ebv in penile carcinoma of chinese patients.	1995	8625161
children on hunger strike: child abuse or legitimate protest?	the issue of children on hunger strike (voluntary total fasting) has not been reported before. the world medical association declaration of tokyo 1975 and the declaration of malta 1991 (revised 1992) provide clinicians with guidelines for the management of adult patients on hunger strike but do not mention children. we report the management of 14 vietnamese children, aged 1 to 12 years, who took part in a hunger strike at a refugee detention centre in hong kong.	1996	8597690
sequence analysis of htlv-1 provirus associated with adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma in hong kong.		1996	8571947
refining the estimate of the critical period for susceptibility to enamel fluorosis in human maxillary central incisors.	the purpose of this study was to determine an improved estimate of the critical period for susceptibility to fluorosis in human maxillary central incisors.	1995	8551464
evenoming by bungarus multicinctus (many-banded krait) in hong kong.	we describe the clinical course of two cases of envenoming by the many-banded krait (bungarus multicinctus). a man developed generalized paralysis and respiratory failure with transient hypertension. nerve conduction studies revealed normal motor and sensory conduction velocities with reduced motor unit action potential amplitudes consistent with neuromuscular blockade. he showed a slight transient response to the banded krait (b. fasciatus) antivenom but required ventilatory support for 8 days. ...	1995	8544231
lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the salivary gland: in situ detection of epstein-barr virus.	to examine the role of epstein-barr virus (ebv) in lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the salivary gland in hong kong chinese.	1995	8543624
[role of soybean proteins in human nutrition (review)].	review. the analysis of a protein nutrition of russia's population during last five years and ways of its rationalization are presented. the scientific background for prosperity of using of soy bean proteins, products of their processing and existing of products and half-finished products received from soy is given. experimental data on biological value and bioavailability of soy bean proteins and results of clinical evaluation of curative and preventive effects of these various soy products are ...	1995	8533388
an epidemiological assessment of the chronological distribution of dental fluorosis in human maxillary central incisors.	the objectives of this study were: (1) to develop and test a new index, the chronological fluorosis assessment (cfa) index, for measuring variation in the chronological distribution and intensity of dental fluorosis, and (2) to determine whether the new index was sufficiently sensitive for detection of a decline in dental fluorosis corresponding to the reduction in the waterborne fluoride level in hong kong. according to the cfa index, the cervical, middle, and incisal third divisions of the lab ...	1993	8501286
critical incident reporting in an anaesthetic department quality assurance programme.	the critical incident technique was introduced as an additional form of quality assurance to an anaesthetic department of a major hong kong teaching hospital. in one year, 125 critical incidents were reported from over 16,000 anaesthetics. the most common incidents reported concerned the airway, breathing systems, and drug administration, with inadequate checking of equipment a frequent associated factor. human error was a factor in 80% of incidents. critical incidents were reported for the time ...	1993	8434743
short-duration in vitro interleukin-2-activated mononuclear cells for advanced cancer. a hong kong biotherapy pilot study trial.	in vitro studies have demonstrated that a brief exposure of peripherally collected mononuclear cells to high-dose human recombinant interleukin-2(ril-2) will generate a population of pulsed lymphokine-activated killer (lak) cells. these cells have similar cytotoxicity against natural killer cells and resistant and sensitive target cells as compared with the standard lak cells incubated for 3-7 days with ril-2. therefore, the authors conducted a pilot study to investigate the activity of pulsed l ...	1993	8387882
location on the evolutionary trees of the non-structural protein (ns) and neuraminidase (na) genes of late human influenza a (h2n2) viruses: parental viruses of the ns and na genes of hong kong influenza a (h3n2) viruses.	the nucleotide sequences of the non-structural protein (ns) and neuraminidase (na) genes of human influenza a (h2n2) viruses isolated in 1967 and 1968 in europe, asia and north and south america were located on evolutionary trees in order to identify the parental virus of hong kong influenza a (h3n2) viruses, which appeared in the human population in 1968. from the evolutionary trees, the h2n2 viruses isolated during the 1967 to 1968 period were divided into two groups. group i includes that a/t ...	1993	8345357
bulimia nervosa in the chinese.	typical dsm-iii-r bulimia nervosa with self-induced vomiting was found in 2 women of hong kong chinese origin and a chinese man from malaysia. all 3 cases had a family history of obesity. in 2 of the cases a period of weight gain and in the third case frank obesity preceded the onset of the eating disorder. cultural transition seemed to play an important part in the onset and maintenance of the eating disorder.	1993	8293034
htlv-i associated adult t-cell leukaemia/lymphoma in hong kong.		1994	8250007
successful treatment of amoebic meningoencephalitis in a chinese living in hong kong.	primary amoebic meningoencephalitis due to naegleria fowleri was found in a 38-year-old chinese man living in hong kong who presumably acquired the infection from swimming in a hot spring in neighbouring china. amoebic cysts were identified in tissue taken from a brain abscess. the patient responded to surgical drainage and a 6-week course of amphotericin b, rifampicin and chloramphenicol. this is one of 6 cases of successful treatment of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis documented in the med ...	1993	8242970
heavy metal and selenium levels in feathers of young egrets and herons from hong kong and szechuan, china.	several species of herons and egrets frequently nest in colonies in areas where humans also concentrate. since the birds feed on intermediate-sized fish that themselves concentrate pollutants, they can be used not only to assess the levels of contaminants in avian tissues but as indicators of contaminants in the environment. the concentration of heavy metals and selenium in the breast feathers of fledgling black-crowned night herons nycticorax nycticorax and chinese pond herons ardeola bacchus f ...	1993	8215588
the effect of scale-side, indicator type, and control plane on direction-of-turn stereotypes for hong kong chinese subjects.	this study investigates the influence of scale-side, pointer type, direction-of-increase, and control plane on direction-of-turn stereotypes for chinese subjects using a variety of configurations of a linear display with a rotary control. pointer type and direction of increase did not have a significant effect on direction-of-turn expectation. strong stereotypes are found when warrick's principle and the scale-side principle do not clash. in such a configuration, the scale is on the opposite sid ...	1994	8206055
mutations in the human mannose binding protein gene: their frequencies in three distinct populations and relationship to serum levels of the protein.		1993	8167719
p53 gene mutation spectrum in hepatocellular carcinomas in hong kong chinese.	to examine the significance of mutation of the p53 tumour suppressor gene in the development of human hepatocellular carcinoma in a high-prevalence area for hepatitis b viral infection but a low-exposure area for aflatoxin b1, the spectrum of p53 gene mutations was examined in 21 tumour samples from hong kong chinese patients, all of whom were hbsag positive. dna sequencing covering exons 5 to 9 of the p53 gene and hae iii restriction enzyme digestion for preliminary assessment of mutation at co ...	1994	8108145
cervical human papilloma virus infection of women attending social hygiene clinics in hong kong.	to find the prevalence of hpv infection in women attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic in hong kong.	1993	8098299
epstein-barr virus-associated gastric lymphoma in hong kong chinese.	we report 11 cases of gastric lymphoma that harbor the epstein-barr virus (ebv) encoded small messenger rna, eber-1, detected by in situ hybridization. the cases represented 18% of 61 consecutive gastric lymphomas from three institutions in hong kong between 1988 and 1993. the mean age of patients was 62 years (range, 33 to 87). the male to female ratio was 5:6. nine of the 11 (81.8%) eber-1+ gastric lymphomas were diffuse large cell lymphomas of b-cell type without low grade components. macrosc ...	1994	8088772
seroprevalence of antibodies to human herpesviruses in england and hong kong.	the age-related prevalence of antibodies to herpesviruses was compared in england and hong kong. altogether 327 sera from england and 266 sera from hong kong were tested for antibodies to herpes simplex virus (hsv), varicella-zoster virus (vzv), epstein-barr virus (ebv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), and human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6). herpesvirus infections were common in both countries but generally were acquired earlier and were more prevalent in hong kong. over 90% of children in hong kong were infect ...	1994	8083655
the spectrum of chronic lymphoproliferative disorders in chinese people. an analysis of 64 cases.	chronic lymphoproliferative disorders are considered rare in oriental patients and are thought to constitute only 2% of all leukemias in these patients, compared to 20-30% in western patients. we conducted a retrospective analysis of chinese patients with chronic lymphoproliferative disorders to define the frequency and spectrum of these disorders.	1994	8004573
changing epidemiology of human salmonellosis in hong kong, 1982-93.	a comprehensive analysis of the epidemiology of salmonellosis in a major hospital in hong kong from 1982-93 is reported. the trend of salmonella isolations over the past 12 years and changes in the occurrence of individual serotypes are delineated. a total of 5328 isolates were analyzed. groups b (salmonella typhimurium and s. derby) and e (s. anatum) were the commonest serogroups isolated from the intestinal tract in all age groups. a significant increase in the isolation of group d salmonellae ...	1994	7995352
sequence variation of the amino-terminal antigenic domains of glycoprotein b of human cytomegalovirus strains isolated from chinese patients.	to study the genetic variation of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) in asian populations, the amino-terminal antigenic domains of glycoprotein b of hcmvs isolated from ethnic chinese transplant patients were cloned and sequenced. the nucleotide and encoded amino acid sequences were compared with published sequences of ad169 and towne laboratory strains. within the region sequenced, 9 out of 15 clinical isolates (60%) possessed a peptide configuration similar to that of strain ad169 while 6 isolates ( ...	1994	7979986
hereditary hemolytic anemia caused by diverse point mutations of pyruvate kinase gene found in japan and hong kong.	we identified four distinct point mutations in homozygous pyruvate kinase (pk) variants in japanese and chinese patients with chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. all gene abnormalities were missense mutations that caused single amino acid substitutions. 1261a (q421k) and 1436a (r436h), which were identified in pk sendai and pk shinshu, had been found in unrelated japanese and amish pk variants, respectively. the clinical severity and extremely low residual erythrocyte pk activity of pk shin ...	1994	7949104
condom use among female commercial sex workers and male clients in hong kong.	the use of condoms is an aid to protection against human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and other sexually transmitted diseases (stds). in a one-and-a-half month period in mid-1993, 190 commercial female sex workers and 633 male clients of 8 social hygiene clinics in hong kong were interviewed on their practice in condom usage. for both sex workers and clients, 18.5% and 22.8% never and 55.3% and 50.3% seldom used condoms during sexual contacts with paying partners and non-paying partner ...	1994	7948161
genetic and antigenic analysis of the influenza virus responsible for the 1992 hong kong equine influenza epizootic.	an outbreak of influenza occurred among thoroughbred racehorses in hong kong in november-december 1992, with morbidity of 37%. all horses involved had been vaccinated against equine-1 and equine-2 influenza viruses but not against the virus responsible for the 1989 equine influenza outbreak in northern china (influenza a/equine/jilin/89, subtype h3n8). therefore the source and nature of the virus causing the hong kong outbreak was investigated. virus isolated from a horse infected during the out ...	1994	7941336
genetic analysis of porcine h3n2 viruses originating in southern china.	from immunological and phylogenetic analyses of h3 influenza viruses isolated from pigs and ducks in the people's republic of china (china), hong kong, taiwan and japan, between 1968 and 1982, we arrived at the following conclusions. the h3 haemagglutinin and n2 neuraminidase genes from swine isolates can be segregated into four mammalian lineages, including: (i) the earliest human strains; (ii) early swine strains including hong kong isolates from 1976-1977; (iii) an intermediate strain between ...	1995	7897351
detection of epstein-barr virus in hodgkin's disease occurring in an oriental population.	like burkitt's lymphoma, the strength of association of epstein-barr virus (ebv) with hodgkin's disease occurring in different populations and clinical settings is highly variable, being 30% to 50% in western countries, nearly 100% in third world countries like peru and honduras, and nearly 100% in patients seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus. data on the oriental populations are very limited. therefore, the current study was performed on the chinese population of hong kong, where the ...	1995	7890284
low frequency association of the t(2;5)(p23;q35) chromosomal translocation with cd30+ lymphomas from american and asian patients. a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction study.	although cytogenetic data suggest that the t(2;5)-(p23;q35) translocation occurs in many cases of cd30+ lymphomas, the exact frequency of this event is still unknown. to clarify this issue and its epidemiological characteristics, we examined 37 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of cd30+ lymphomas from the united states and hong kong by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for the status of the npm and alk genes, which are typically juxtaposed by the t(2;5) transloca ...	1995	7856744
aconitine poisoning due to chinese herbal medicines: a review.	both "chuanwu", the main root of aconitum carmichaeli, and "caowu", the root of a kusnezoffii, are believed to possess anti-inflammatory, analgesic and cardiotonic effects and have been used in chinese materia medica mainly for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. they contain the highly toxic c19 diterpenoid alkaloids of aconitine, mesaconitine and hypaconitine. after ingestion, patients may present with signs and symptoms that are typical of aconitine poisoning. death may occur from ven ...	1994	7839574
the expression of h-ras p21 product in esophageal cancer from hong kong chinese.		1995	7801940
a study of the association of epstein-barr virus with burkitt's lymphoma occurring in a chinese population.	there is a strong association (approximately 95%) of endemic burkitt's lymphoma with epstein-barr virus (ebv), whereas the association is weak for the sporadic form occurring in western countries (approximately 15%). in the middle east, north africa and south america, 60-80% of burkitt's lymphomas harbour ebv. these epidemiological differences suggest that either the endemicity of ebv or socio-economic conditions, or both, may influence the pathogenetic role of ebv in burkitt's lymphoma. since o ...	1995	7797201
profile of opportunistic infections among hiv-1 infected people in hong kong.	to determine the spectrum of opportunistic infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) infection in hong kong.	1995	7750052
mutations clustered in exon 5 of the p53 gene in primary nasopharyngeal carcinomas from southeastern asia.	mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene play an important role in the development of many common human malignancies. in nasopharyngeal carcinomas (npc), p53 gene mutations were not detected in primary tumors, with one exception for a primary tumor displaying a p53 mutation at codon 280, whereas p53 mutations were identified in some metastatic and nude mouse-passaged npc specimens. in the present report, 41 npc primary tumors of the undifferentiated carcinoma nasopharyngeal type (ucnt; 21 from ...	1995	7729941
biotypes of oral candida albicans isolates in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients from diverse geographic locations.	oral candida albicans isolates from hiv-infected individuals in hong kong, australia, germany and england were characterised using a biotyping system based on enzyme profiles, carbohydrate assimilation patterns and boric acid resistance of the yeasts. a total of 44 biotypes were found amongst the 117 oral c. albicans isolates examined. the major biotype a1r accounted for 17.9% of all isolates while the second commonest biotype was a1s (11.1% of isolates). whereas these two biotypes were isolated ...	1995	7722918
insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1, glucose tolerance and fetal growth in human pregnancy.	two hundred chinese primigravidae had 50 g 3-h oral glucose tolerance tests (ogtts) twice in pregnancy; between 20 and 24 weeks and between 30 and 34 weeks of gestation. in 149 women, a single sample was taken for insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (igfbp-1) measurement 0, 1, 2 or 3 h after the glucose load at both visits; in 55 women igfbp-1 levels were estimated in all four ogtt samples. fetal growth was assessed by ultrasound performed at the first and second visit and, if possible, ...	1993	7681467
the knowledge and attitude of hong kong secondary school teachers and students towards hiv infection and dentistry.	although human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) are firmly entrenched in hong kong no data are available on the knowledge and attitudes of hong kong secondary school teachers and teenage children towards this infection, and their perception of infection control measures currently undertaken by the dental profession to prevent such infectious diseases. hence a postal questionnaire survey of a total of 2,886 teenagers and 372 school teachers of ...	1995	7648410
assessment of epidemiological evidence that exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation causes cataract.	in this paper an assessment is made of the evidence that exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation is causally associated with cataract. the evidence is reviewed separately for cortical, nuclear and posterior subcapsular cataract. the assessment examines the consistency and magnitude of an association, the dose-response relationship, supporting ecological data, and data from animal studies. based on the assessment, it is concluded that there is sufficient experimental evidence that exposure to art ...	2017	7635000
practice of drug abuse among inmates of a drug rehabilitation centre in hong kong.	sharing of contaminated injection equipment accounts for the rapid spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) among injecting drug users (idus). the profile of drug addiction practice among inmates of the shek kwu chau drug rehabilitation centre in hong kong was studied. registers on all the new admissions to the centre during a two-year period between 1990 and 1992 were reviewed. of the 3129 drug users studied, 68.7% were aged between 21 and 40; 84.8% were idus and heroin was the commones ...	1995	7597133
male homosexual identity in hong kong: a social construction.	this research is to explore the social and psychological forces that influence the identity of a man who has come to describe himself as a "homosexual." an attempt is made to understand the emergence of male homosexual identities in hong kong--which is predominantly a chinese community under western influence for more than one century. the results suggest that male homosexual identity arises not so much from homosexual behavior per se but from the stigma and heterosexist beliefs that encompassed ...	1995	7594409
report from hong kong.		1995	7551149
detection of epstein-barr viral rna in sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma from western and asian patients.	undifferentiated carcinoma of the nasopharynx has a well-known association with epstein-barr virus (ebv), but only an inconsistent relationship has been identified in undifferentiated carcinomas occurring at other sites. we investigated 22 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cases of sinonasal undifferentiated carcinomas (snucs) occurring in western and asian patients. a highly sensitive in situ hybridization method was performed using an antisense oligonucleotide probe to the eber1 gene of ebv. w ...	1994	7511355
capture-recapture and multiple-record systems estimation ii: applications in human diseases. international working group for disease monitoring and forecasting.	this article evaluates the potential epidemiologic uses of capture-recapture, which include the primary area of determining disease frequency. capture-recapture may be a means to effectively "count" new cases (incidence) or count existing cases (prevalence). specific applications of capture-recapture in epidemiology are presented, one of which is its use in estimating death rates in a region close to calcutta, india. the method also has considerable potential to assess suicides, and it may be th ...	1995	7485051
outbreak of vibrio cholerae 01 in hong kong related to contaminated fish tank water.	an outbreak of 12 cholera cases, caused by vibrio cholerae eltor inaba, occurred in hong kong during a three week period in june-july 1994. only adults of both sexes were affected. epidemiological investigations showed linkage in all cases with consumption of seafood, including shellfish, mantis shrimps and crabs. microbiological findings demonstrated that contaminated seawater in fish tanks used for keeping alive these seafoods is the most likely vehicle of transmission. aggressive control meas ...	1995	7480605
east asia review 1978-79. hong kong.	hong kong has no official population policy. however the government has assumed responsibility for 1/2 of the country's family planning clinics, with the family planning association providing specialty, information and education services. young people are a primary target group and premarital and marital counseling services are offered. public seminars on topics such as human sexuality and preparation for marriage are offered and training programs for professional service are available as wel ...	1980	7456106
avian influenza a viruses of southern china and hong kong: ecological aspects and implications for man.	continuous surveillance of the influenza viruses isolated from domestic poultry from southern china and hong kong over more than 4 years resulted in the isolation of influenza viruses possessing 46 different combinations of haemagglutinin (h) and neuraminidase (n) subtypes. of these, 43 were obtained from ducks from china. in all cases, infection appeared to be asymptomatic. the antigenic combination found most commonly in the viruses isolated was h4n6, which accounted for approximately one-quar ...	1982	6979416
hla antigens, glyoxalase i, and esterase d in hong kong chinese.		1984	6724588
hong kong female hand dimensions and machine guarding.		1984	6723618
forfeiture of proceeds of drug-related crimes: a british commonwealth perspective.	the forfeiture of the proceeds of drug-related offences does not seem to have received much attention as yet from british commonwealth countries. whereas in some of these countries specific legislation exists in relation to forfeiture, in many other countries the act of forfeiture falls within the purview of general criminal law. forfeiture presupposes enquiry and search, two procedures which involve integral aspects of present-day human rights law, and which seem to be impeded at almost every s ...	1983	6556074
a life-span developmental cross-cultural study of divergent thinking abilities.	developmental aspects of ideational fluency, flexibility, and originality were assessed across five age groups (children, adolescents, young adults, adults, middle-aged adults) comparatively in two cultures (chinese and american). a total of 316 chinese participants ranging in age from nine to sixty years responded in writing (cantonese) to presentation of four groups of acoustical stimuli. responses were scored for fluency, flexibility, and originality of thought. comparative american data were ...	1984	6519835
first report of human angiostrongyliasis in hong kong diagnosed by computerized axial topography (cat) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.		1984	6464132
antibodies to fastidious faecal adenoviruses (species 40 and 41) in sera from children.	three hundred and seventy-seven single sera from children in the united kingdom, hong kong, new zealand, gambia, guatemala, and kuwait were tested for antibodies to fastidious fecal adenoviruses (species 40 and 41) by neutralisation test using a variant of ad41 (ad41a). all children were less than 12 years of age, and at least 41.1% of the total tested had antibodies. one hundred and fifty-four of these sera were collected during the 1960s from london children attending day nurseries, and 54.5% ...	1983	6308143
nasopharyngeal carcinoma in american children: epstein-barr virus-specific antibody titers and prognosis.	seven american juvenile patients with undifferentiated or nonkeratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc) were examined serially for epstein-barr virus (ebv)-specific antibody spectra and titers in sera. at diagnosis, all showed antibody patterns characteristic of npc: i.e., high titers of igg antibodies to viral capsid antigen (vca) and to the diffuse (d) component of the early antigen complex. six patients had iga antibodies to vca, and four to the d component. in the patients who responded to ...	1982	6174465
coxsackie-b-virus-specific igm responses in children with insulin-dependent (juvenile-onset; type i) diabetes mellitus.	coxsackie b1-6 virus igm responses were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in 11 of 28 (39%) children aged 3-14 years in whom insulin-dependent (juvenile onset; type i) diabetes mellitus (iddm) developed in 1982. 5 patients had a homotypic response to coxsackie b4 and 1 had a homotypic response to b5. a serum sample had been obtained from each patient 2 to 16 weeks after onset of iddm symptoms. islet-cell cytoplasmic antibodies (igg) and complement fixing islet cell antibod ...	1983	6134178
an influenza epicentre?		1982	6126676
[a new variant of influenza a2 (hong kong) 1-68 virus and its connection with the outbreaks of influenza observed in the ussr in 1968].		1969	5820952
influenza.		1969	5774118
hong kong influenza--1968-1969.		1969	5764322
[preliminary communication on the comparative serological studies of influenza virus strains a2-berlin-2-68 and a2-hong kong-1-68].		1968	5754717
influenza: the hong kong virus.		1968	5726954