Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| anthrax protective antigen interacts with a specific receptor on the surface of cho-k1 cells. | the interaction of protective antigen (pa), a component of the anthrax toxin, with receptors on the chinese hamster ovary cell line cho-k1 was characterized. protective antigen binding at 4 degrees c is highly specific, concentration dependent, saturable (kd = 0.9 nm), and reversible. scatchard analysis indicates the presence of a single class of pa binding sites at a concentration of 10,000 +/- 2,000 per cell. pretreatment of cells with a number of different proteases strongly inhibits pa bindi ... | 1991 | 1909998 |
| the monitoring and detection of bacillus anthracis in the environment. | 1991 | 1909461 | |
| differentiation of bacillus anthracis from bacillus cereus by gas chromatographic whole-cell fatty acid analysis. | three strains of bacillus anthracis and seven strains of bacillus cereus were grown on complex medium and on synthetic medium. gas chromatographic analysis of whole-cell fatty acids of strains grown on complex medium gave nearly identical fatty acid patterns. fatty acid patterns of strains grown on synthetic medium showed a high content of branched-chain fatty acids. significant differences between the fatty acid patterns of the two species were found. odd iso/anteiso fatty acid ratios were abou ... | 1991 | 1909348 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of bacillus anthracis. | 22 bacillus anthracis isolates were tested for susceptibility to 27 antimicrobial agents by agar dilution. all isolates were sensitive to penicillins and did not produce beta-lactamase. although all isolates were sensitive to cefazolin, cephalothin, cephradine and cefoperazone 19 isolates were resistant to cefuroxime, 18 to cefotaxime, 18 to ceftizoxime, 9 to ceftriaxone and 21 to ceftazidime. all isolates were also found to be sensitive to other antimicrobials tested. the new antimicrobial agen ... | 1991 | 1909051 |
| protective and other biological properties of bacillus anthracis soluble antigens. | the soluble antigens were explored of the culture filtrate (cf) derived during static growth of b. anthracis vaccine strain 34f2 on a medium containing casein hydrolysate. electrofocusing of cf preparations revealed that the protective activity was distributed over a wide range of ph 3-7. the most pronounced and stable protective activity was observed at ph 4.6-4.8. following toxin factors were isolated and identified: protective antigen (87 kd), oedema factor (87 kd) and lethal factor (78-81 kd ... | 1991 | 1908875 |
| anthrax in wildlife in the luangwa valley, zambia. | an abnormally high mortality among hippos (hippopotamus amphibius) in the luangwa river valley between june and november 1987 and estimated to number more than 4000 deaths was attributed to anthrax. several other species, particularly cape buffalo (syncerus caffer) and elephant (loxodonta africana), appear to have been affected. a smaller outbreak of anthrax in hippos occurred between august and september 1988, approximately 100 km up-river. a field study was arranged in august 1989 to assess th ... | 1991 | 1907048 |
| [glycine-dependent cryotransformation of bacillus anthracis by dna of various plasmids]. | the possibility of the 1,8-60,0 md plasmids dna transfer into the cells of different bacillus anthracis strains has been established. a number of parameters of the procedure has been optimized. the including of peg6000 into the cryomixture in the final concentration 10% has been demonstrated to be vital for increase in transformants yields. under the described conditions the maximal efficiency of transformation (1,2.10(3)) has been registered for the dna of the plasmid pub110. the efficiency of ... | 1991 | 1906984 |
| [inhalation anthrax in a textile worker: non-fatal course]. | the development of dyspnea, hematemesis, melaena and symptoms of shock following an apparently minor infection of the upper respiratory tract in a 37-year-old textile worker marked the onset of an acute threatening illness. pleuracentesis revealed 3.8 l of hemorrhagic exudate. chest x-rays showed a significant increase in mediastinal width. conspicuous laboratory findings were hemoconcentration, anemia and leukocytosis, and increased serum activities for sgot, sgpt and alkaline phosphatase. the ... | 1991 | 1905838 |
| [an anthrax epidemic in switzerland. clinical, diagnostic and epidemiological aspects of a mostly forgotten disease]. | on average in switzerland there is only one case of human anthrax every two years, and this is almost exclusively caused through contact with sick animals in agriculture. however, within less than 3 years, 25 workers in one textile factory have contracted this anthropo-zoonosis. 24 cases had cutaneous and one inhalation anthrax. the infection was imported in goat's hair from pakistan. this almost unique industrial epidemic was due to various circumstances. in particular, the rarity of the illnes ... | 1991 | 1905837 |
| improved electroporation and cloning vector system for gram-positive bacteria. | a protocol for transformation of intact enterococcus faecalis cells by electroporation was developed through a systematic examination of the effects of changes in various parameters, including (i) growth conditions; (ii) composition of the electroporation solution; (iii) electroporation conditions, such as field strength and resistance; (iv) size, concentration, and purity of dna used for transformation; and (v) conditions used to select for transformants. key features of this protocol include t ... | 1991 | 1905518 |
| the biochemical, morphological and virulence profiles of bacillus anthracis isolated in the kruger national park. | the biochemical, morphological and virulence profiles of 44 bacillus anthracis isolates, obtained from various localities and carcass remains of wild animals in the kruger national park, south africa, were examined. the morphological characteristics tested for included: the formation of capsules on bicarbonate agar, the motility of the vegetative organism, the presence of haemolysis on blood tryptose agar, the sensitivity of the vegetative organism to bacteriophage, the production of lecithinase ... | 1991 | 1905001 |
| the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of bacillus anthracis isolated from the kruger national park. | forty-four isolates of bacillus anthracis made from carcasses and soil in different localities of an endemic anthrax area in the kruger national park, south africa, were tested by standard disc diffusion for their susceptibility to 18 different antibiotics. these were ampicillin, penicillin g, sulphatriad, streptomycin, clindamycin, gentamicin, fusidic acid, trimethoprim, sulphamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, methicillin, tetracycline (2 different concentrations), novobiocin, cefotax ... | 1991 | 1905000 |
| protection against anthrax with recombinant virus-expressed protective antigen in experimental animals. | we previously described the cloning and expression of the protective antigen (pa) gene of bacillus anthracis in both vaccinia virus and a baculovirus. the antigenicity of the pa products was characterized. pa expressed by the recombinant vaccinia viruses elicited a partial protective immune response against a lethal b. anthracis spore challenge in guinea pigs and mice. the wr strain vaccinia virus recombinant (wr-pa) protected 60% of male mice and 50% of guinea pigs. wr-pa elicited high anti-pa ... | 1991 | 1903769 |
| purification and characterization of adenylyl cyclase from bacillus anthracis. | 1991 | 1903483 | |
| [transduction of bacillus anthracis by phage tg13ant]. | 1991 | 1903178 | |
| cutaneous anthrax--british columbia. | 1991 | 1903088 | |
| [the molecular nature of bacillus anthracis toxin]. | the biochemical nature of the three-component toxin of bacillus anthracis is described as well as the molecular structure and regulation of the genetical determinants coding for its synthesis. the mechanism of toxin affect on animal cells is presented. the role of every of the toxin components in realization of bacillus anthracis pathogenic properties is discussed. | 1991 | 1902551 |
| structural and ligand-binding properties of a truncated form of bacillus anthracis adenylate cyclase and of a catalytically inactive variant in which glutamine substitutes for lysine-346. | a truncated, 541-residue-long, bacillus anthracis adenylate cyclase was expressed in escherichia coli. the purified protein (cya 62) exhibited catalytic and cam-binding properties identical with those of the wild-type enzyme secreted by b. anthracis. the analysis of the secondary structure of the cya 62 protein by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and circular dichroism revealed the dominance of beta-type structure. the protein shows a relatively low thermal stability with the midpoint den ... | 1991 | 1900429 |
| [the specificity of plague antigen fi in pha]. | it were inoculate a total of the 15 type and 13 group leptospira strains to the rattus flavipetus and rattus lose 137 rates in lei zhou peninsula. as the antisera acquired, it has been examined the lyso-agglutinative test in leptospira strains. up to standard serum it was to test for pha of plaque, employing the sensitized blood cell by fi from 4 antiplague institutes. all of tests are negative. in addition to test for 3 immune sera, hemorrhagic fever antisera (immunized animals apodemus agraius ... | 1991 | 1878960 |
| [multifactorial experiment on the combined action of doxycycline and a low molecular weight immunomodulator of microbial origin in experimental anthrax infection]. | chemotherapeutic efficacy of combined therapy of experimental anthrax infection with subtherapeutic doses of doxycycline and a low molecular weight immunomodulator of microbial origin was studied with mathematical design of the experiment and multifactorial analysis. a marked synergistic effect of oral doxycycline and the immunomodulator was observed. the results of the multifactorial experiment were computer processed and polynomial statistic models (the second order equations) describing the s ... | 1991 | 1877878 |
| human cutaneous anthrax. | 1991 | 1875859 | |
| [cutaneous lesion after handling animals]. | 1991 | 1863610 | |
| history of veterinary public health in the eastern mediterranean and africa. | brucellosis, rabies, salmonellosis, anthrax and hydatidosis are among the main zoonotic diseases which constitute a threat to human health and welfare. surveillance, prevention and control of such zoonoses and related food-borne diseases are problems of considerable magnitude. despite their obvious importance, relatively few systematic control efforts have been made by national authorities. major constraints include the scarcity of public health veterinarians and related sub-professional staff t ... | 1991 | 1840851 |
| history of veterinary public health in australasia. | the geographic isolation of australasia has played a significant role in preventing the introduction of exotic diseases or in limiting the spread of many diseases which entered after settlement. some infections such as psoroptic mange, tuberculosis and brucellosis became widely dispersed and some were ultimately to require novel methods to curtail them, e.g. greater use of rail and road transportation to convey stock, improved methods to locate and muster livestock in bush terrain (helicopters), ... | 1991 | 1840850 |
| [decontamination of soil after bacterial warfare experiments on gruinard island]. | bombs containing b. anthracis spores were detonated on gruinard island in 1942 and 1943 as a part of a british research programme set up in response to fears that the germans were developing biological weapons. in 1986 island was decontaminated by spraying with 5% formaldehyde. as a demonstration of confidence in the success of the decontamination operation a flock of 40 sheep was allowed to graze for several months with no ill effects. | 1991 | 1819816 |
| more on desert storm. | 1991 | 1801795 | |
| [the genetic control of the virulence factors in bacillus anthracis]. | 1991 | 1801497 | |
| anthrax toxin protective antigen: low-ph-induced hydrophobicity and channel formation in liposomes. | to probe the role of the protective antigen (pa) component of anthrax toxin in toxin entry into animals cells, we examined the membrane channel-forming properties and hydrophobicity of intact and trypsin-cleaved forms of the protein at various ph values. at neutral ph neither form caused release of entrapped k+ from unilamellar lipid vesicles. at ph values below 6.0, however, k+ was rapidly released upon addition of either the nicked pa (pan) or the 63 kda tryptic fragment of pa (pa63), which ha ... | 1991 | 1787799 |
| [blood analysis 200 years ago--the theory and practice of hematoscopy in veterinary medicine]. | since antiquity the macroscopic judgement of blood obtained through phlebotomy was an important constituent of the medical diagnostic procedures. in the progress of blood sedimentation, the "eucrasia" or the "dyscrasia" of the humours became visible. this paper summarizes the historical and theoretical basis of the haematoscopy, and offers insight into the haemodiagnostic practices of a veterinarian at the end of the 18th century. the authority is the professor of veterinary art and medical advi ... | 1991 | 1786040 |
| anthrax vaccines: past, present and future. | most livestock vaccines in use throughout the world today for immunization against anthrax are derivatives of the live spore vaccine formulated by sterne in 1937 and still use descendants of his strain 34f2. credit belongs to this formulation for effective control in many countries with considerable reduction, sometimes complete elimination, of the disease in animals and, since man generally acquires it from livestock, in man also. however, there are some contraindications of its use and situati ... | 1991 | 1771966 |
| isolation and purification of cell wall polysaccharide of bacillus anthracis (delta sterne). | a polysaccharide fraction was isolated form sodium-dodecyl-sulfate (sds) treated cell walls of bacillus anthracis (delta sterne) by hydrofluoric acid (hf) hydrolysis and ethanolic precipitation. the polysaccharide fraction was subsequently purified by several washings with absolute ethanol. purity of the isolated polysaccharide was tested using the anthrone assay and amino acid analyzer. the molecular mass of the polysaccharide fraction as determined by gel filtration chromatography was about 12 ... | 1991 | 1769521 |
| immunization against anthrax with bacillus anthracis protective antigen combined with adjuvants. | the protective efficacy of immunization against anthrax with bacillus anthracis protective antigen (pa) combined with different adjuvants was tested in hartley guinea pigs and cba/j and a/j mice. adjuvant components derived from microbial products that were tested included threonyl-muramyl dipeptide (threonyl-mdp); monophosphoryl lipid a (mpl); trehalose dimycolate (tdm); and the delipidated, deproteinized, cell wall skeleton (cws) from either mycobacterium phlei or the bcg strain of mycobacteri ... | 1992 | 1730501 |
| comparative analysis of bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, and related species on the basis of reverse transcriptase sequencing of 16s rrna. | the primary structures of the 16s rrnas of bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, bacillus mycoides, and bacillus thuringiensis were determined by using the reverse transcription-dideoxy sequencing method. all of the strains exhibited very high levels of sequence similarity (greater than 99%) that were consistent with the close relationships shown by previous dna hybridization studies. the sequences of b. anthracis sterne and b. cereus emetic strain nctc 11143 were found to be identical for a cont ... | 1991 | 1715736 |
| channels formed in phospholipid bilayer membranes by diphtheria, tetanus, botulinum and anthrax toxin. | diphtheria, tetanus, botulinum, and anthrax toxin are multipartate toxins, one of the domains of which is (or is presumed to be) an enzyme. cell intoxication requires that the enzymatic portion gain access to the cytosol via endocytosis into an acidic vesicle compartment of the cell. translocation of the enzyme across the vesicular membrane is dependent on the low ph of the vesicle and involves another domain of the toxin; for each of these toxins, that domain is capable of forming channels in p ... | 1990 | 1705290 |
| diffusion limitation in the block by symmetric tetraalkylammonium ions of anthrax toxin channels in planar phospholipid bilayer membranes. | current flow through the channel formed in planar phospholipid bilayer membranes by the pa65 fragment of anthrax toxin is blocked, in a voltage-dependent manner, by tetraalkylammonium ions (at micromolar concentrations), which bind to a blocking site within the channel lumen. we have presented evidence that diffusion plays a significant role in the kinetics of blocking by tetrabutylammonium ion (bu4n+) from the cis (toxin-containing) side of the membrane (blaustein, r. o., e. j. a. lea, and a. f ... | 1990 | 1704047 |
| voltage-dependent block of anthrax toxin channels in planar phospholipid bilayer membranes by symmetric tetraalkylammonium ions. single-channel analysis. | previous studies have shown that symmetric tetraalkylammonium ions affect, in a voltage-dependent manner, the conductance of membranes containing many channels formed by the pa65 fragment of anthrax toxin. in this paper we analyze this phenomenon at the single-channel level for tetrabutylammonium ion (bu4n+). we find that bu4n+ induces a flickery block of the pa65 channel when present on either side of the membrane, and this block is relieved by large positive voltages on the blocking-ion side. ... | 1990 | 1704046 |
| voltage-dependent block of anthrax toxin channels in planar phospholipid bilayer membranes by symmetric tetraalkylammonium ions. effects on macroscopic conductance. | in a recent paper (blaustein, r. o., t. m. koehler, r. j. collier, and a. finkelstein, 1989. proc. natl. acad. sci. usa. 86:2209-2213) we described the general channel-forming properties of the pa65 fragment of anthrax toxin in planar phospholipid bilayer membranes. in the present paper we extend our previous studies of the permeability properties of this channel, using a series of symmetric tetraalkylammonium (taa) ions. our main finding is that at micromolar concentrations on either the cis (t ... | 1990 | 1704045 |
| ultrastructure of a bacillus sp. strain kl8 isolated from indoor dust. | a motile gram-positive bacterial strain (kl8) was isolated from indoor dust. it was identified by api-test50 chb as a species of bacillus. this bacillus sp. strain kl8 was described using different electron microscopic techniques: negative staining, thin sectioning, metal shadowing and freeze-etching. an additional surface layer (s-layer) was the outermost layer of the cell wall of this flagellated bacterium. the hexagonally arranged protein lattice covering the cells had a lattice constant abou ... | 1990 | 1693679 |
| anthrax vaccine development: a continuing story. | 1990 | 1692223 | |
| plasmid-associated virulence factors of non-toxigenic (px01-) bacillus anthracis. | the anthrax toxins and capsule, encoded by plasmids px01 and px02, respectively, are the only known virulence factors of bacillus anthracis and are considered essential for full virulence. some b. anthracis strains cured of px01, such as delta ames-1, remained virulent for mice. the virulence was partially mediated by px02, as determined by phage transduction. px02 plasmids from the delta ames-1 and pasteur strains were mutagenized with transposon tn917 to identify loci associated with virulence ... | 1991 | 1654495 |
| [the prostaglandin and cyclic nucleotide levels in the organs of mice with experimental anthrax intoxication]. | in this work the influence of bacillus anthracis toxin, introduced intraperitoneally in a dose of ld100, on the content of prostaglandins e and f2 alpha, 6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha, thromboxane, camp and cgmp in the lungs, heart, liver and spleen of balb/c mice in the time course of experimental intoxication has been studied. the concentration and proportion of prostaglandins and cyclic nucleotides have been shown to undergo-sharp changes in all organs under study in the process of intoxicatio ... | 1991 | 1651640 |
| the carboxyl-terminal end of protective antigen is required for receptor binding and anthrax toxin activity. | anthrax toxin consists of three separate proteins produced by bacillus anthracis: protective antigen (pa), lethal factor (lf), and edema factor (ef). previous work showed that the process by which these proteins damage eukaryotic cells begins with binding of pa (83 kda) to cell surface receptors. pa is then cleaved by a cell surface protease so as to expose a high-affinity binding site for lf or ef on the cooh-terminal, receptor-bound, 63-kilodalton fragment. in this report we more closely defin ... | 1991 | 1651334 |
| human furin is a calcium-dependent serine endoprotease that recognizes the sequence arg-x-x-arg and efficiently cleaves anthrax toxin protective antigen. | previous work demonstrated that human furin is a predominantly golgi membrane-localized endoprotease that can efficiently process precursor proteins at paired basic residues (-lys-arg- or -arg-arg-) in transfected cells. anion-exchange chromatography of culture supernatant from cells expressing a soluble truncated form of human furin resulted in a greatly enriched preparation of the endoprotease (approximately 70% pure as determined by protein staining). enzymatic studies show that furin is a ca ... | 1992 | 1644824 |
| fusions of anthrax toxin lethal factor to the adp-ribosylation domain of pseudomonas exotoxin a are potent cytotoxins which are translocated to the cytosol of mammalian cells. | the lethal factor (lf) and edema factor (ef) components of anthrax toxin are toxic to animal cells only if internalized by interaction with the protective antigen (pa) component. pa binds to a cell surface receptor and is proteolytically cleaved to expose a binding site for lf and ef. to study how lf and ef are internalized and trafficked within cells, lf was fused to the translocation and adp-ribosylation domains (domains ii and iii, respectively) of pseudomonas exotoxin a. lf fusion proteins c ... | 1992 | 1639793 |
| cutaneous anthrax--a report of ten cases. | the clinical features of ten cases of cutaneous anthrax are reported. six males and four females were affected. their ages ranged from one and a half year to sixty years. the average incubation period was 8 days. fever and headache were common systemic manifestations. pruritus and ulcer with formation of black eschar were typical features. the patients were treated with penicillins and chloramphenicol. there was no mortality. possible human-to-human spread in a patient is discussed. | 1992 | 1634466 |
| haemorrhagic meningitis due to bacillus anthrax. | 1992 | 1629129 | |
| anthrax in delaware county: a historical perspective. | 1992 | 1612167 | |
| serum protease cleavage of bacillus anthracis protective antigen. | the protective antigen component of anthrax lethal toxin, produced in vitro, has a molecular mass of 83 kda. cell-culture studies by others have demonstrated that upon binding of the 83 kda protective antigen to cell-surface receptors, the protein is cleaved by an unidentified cell-associated protease activity. the resultant 63 kda protein then binds lethal factor to form lethal toxin, which has been proposed to be internalized by endocytosis. we found that, in the blood of infected animals, the ... | 1992 | 1593265 |
| modulation of humoral and cellular resistance in children with laryngeal papillomatosis. | as accessory cells in immunity response immunoglobulin and lymphocytes participate in antitumor immunity. quantitative changes in concentrations and numbers were studied once before therapy, without examining the functional state. in order to gain more information on the humoral response during and after treatment, and in cases of recurrence, bactericidal antibodies against b. anthracis were determined by means of 51cr-labeled microbes. the results of the present study show that igg levels were ... | 1992 | 1592559 |
| detection of spores of bacillus anthracis using the polymerase chain reaction. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to identify spores of bacillus anthracis. by using an assay capable of amplifying a 1247-bp fragment from the gene that encodes the edema factor of b. anthracis, as few as 10(3) copies of a plasmid containing the edema factor gene and as few as 2 x 10(4) spores were detected. subjecting the product of this pcr to a second pcr designed to amplify a 208-bp fragment nested within the 1247-bp product improved detection to a single plasmid copy per pcr and ... | 1992 | 1583336 |
| serology and anthrax in humans, livestock and etosha national park wildlife. | results are presented from a number of epidemiological studies using enzyme immunoassays (eia) based on the purified anthrax toxin antigens, protective antigen, lethal factor and oedema factor. studies on sera from a group of 62 human anthrax patients in turkey and from cattle in britain following two unrelated outbreaks of anthrax show that eia using protective antigen can be a useful diagnostic aid and will detect subclinical infections in appropriate circumstances. a serological survey on wil ... | 1992 | 1582472 |
| the role of histidine 63 in the catalytic mechanism of bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase. | of the 9 histidines located in the catalytic domain of bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase, three (his63, his106, and his298) were found to be conserved in the adenylate cyclase of bacillus anthracis, another calmodulin-dependent enzyme. substitution of his63 with arg, glu, gln, or val decreased the catalytic efficiency of adenylate cyclase between 2 and 3 orders of magnitude and altered the kinetic properties of the enzyme. these effects varied in relation to the nature of the substituting r ... | 1992 | 1577816 |
| post vaccination occurrence of anthrax in cattle. | 1992 | 1557881 | |
| [concerning: "inhalation anthrax in a textile worker. a non-fatal course" (h. winter and r.m. pfisterer, schweiz. med. wschr. 1991; 121: 832-835)]. | 1992 | 1557624 | |
| a monoclonal antibody directed against the catalytic site of bacillus anthracis adenylyl cyclase identifies a novel mammalian brain catalytic subunit. | a brain adenylyl cyclase was shown to contain an epitope closely related to that specified by a conserved sequence containing a nucleotide-binding consensus sequence gxxxxgks and located in the catalytic sites of bacterial, calmodulin-dependent adenylyl cyclases [goyard, s., orlando, c., sabatier, j.-m., labruyere, e., d'alayer, j., fontan, g., van rietschoten, j., mock, m., danchin, a., ullmann, a., & monneron, a. (1989) biochemistry 28, 1964-1967]. a monoclonal antibody, mab 164, produced agai ... | 1992 | 1554706 |
| bacillus anthracis but not always anthrax. | gram-positive bacilli isolated during epidemiological investigations which, on the basis of conventional tests, resemble bacillus anthracis but which fail to produce the capsule or to induce anthrax in test animals have long been dismissed in clinical and veterinary laboratories as b. cereus or simply as unidentified bacillus spp. and thereupon discarded as inconsequential. in this study, the application of newly available dna probe, polymerase chain reaction and specific toxin antigen detection ... | 1992 | 1541596 |
| organisation of veterinary public health activities in countries of the eastern mediterranean region. | this review covers the organisation of veterinary public health (vph) activities in countries of the eastern mediterranean region, with reference to zoonoses and hazards to man from foods of animal origin. a study of the region shows that no separate vph units exist within the national veterinary services. although these services are gradually being upgraded and strengthened, most of their resources are spent in controlling serious contagious animal diseases such as foot and mouth disease, rinde ... | 1992 | 1525424 |
| [determining the sensitivity of anthrax bacteria to antibiotics for its differentiation from the antibiotic sensitivity of spore-forming saprophytes]. | 1992 | 1514849 | |
| functional characterization of protease-treated bacillus anthracis protective antigen. | characterization of the functional domains of bacillus anthracis protective antigen (pa, 83-kda), the common cellular binding molecule for both anthrax edema toxin and anthrax lethal toxin, is important for understanding the mechanism of entry and action of the anthrax toxins. in this study, we generated both biologically active (facilitates killing of j774a.1 cells in combination with lethal factor, lf) and inactive preparations of pa by protease treatment. limited proteolytic digestion of pa i ... | 1992 | 1512256 |
| adaptation to environment--the pasteur anthrax vaccine in australia. | 1992 | 1492828 | |
| anthrax of the eyelids. | anthrax is a disease caused by bacillus anthracis. the disease affects primarily herbivores including sheep, cattle, horses, and other domestic animals. humans may rarely be affected. we examined one male and two female patients with a localised itchy erythematous papule of the eyelid. a necrotising ulcer formed in each of the three cases resulting in a black lesion. scraping in each case showed gram positive rods and culture grew bacillus anthracis. all three patients responded to the intraveno ... | 1992 | 1486081 |
| the plague of athens. | 1992 | 1474568 | |
| investigational drugs & vaccines. | 1992 | 1470369 | |
| familial outbreak of agricultural anthrax in an area of northern italy. | three cases of cutaneous anthrax are reported which occurred in a farming family in northern italy. epidemiological studies revealed contact with an infected cow (delivery of a stillborn fetus and slaughter). the cow was slaughtered soon after the delivery; cultures of carcass specimens yielded growth of bacillus anthracis. the origin of the animal infection was not known. serum samples were obtained from all 11 members of the family group and randomly from 10 of the 75 cows on the farm, which a ... | 1992 | 1468425 |
| outbreak of anthrax in pigs. | 1992 | 1466126 | |
| regulation of pag gene expression in bacillus anthracis: use of a pag-lacz transcriptional fusion. | the production of protective antigen (pa), the common component of the two anthrax toxins, is influenced by the environment. in order to examine factors involved in its regulation, a transcriptional fusion between the promoter region of the pa gene (pag) and the lacz gene was constructed and introduced into bacillus anthracis sterne. activity of the pag promoter was followed by measuring beta-galactosidase activities under various growth and medium conditions. expression from the pag promoter wa ... | 1992 | 1459423 |
| biochemical and physiological changes induced by anthrax lethal toxin in j774 macrophage-like cells. | experiments were performed to probe the mechanism by which bacillus anthracis lethal toxin (letx) causes lysis of j774 macrophage-like cells. after incubation of cells with saturating concentrations of the toxin, two categories of effects were found, which were distinguishable on the basis of chronology, ca(2+)-dependence, and sensitivity to osmolarity. the earliest events (category i), beginning 45 min postchallenge, were an increase in permeability to 22na and 86rb and a rapid conversion of at ... | 1992 | 1457831 |
| an epidemic of human anthrax--a study. | twenty-five cases of human anthrax, occurring after contact with a jercy cow infected with b. anthracis and consumption of its improperly cooked meat after death, were reported. cutaneous anthrax was the predominant variety in 18 persons, 7 had intestinal anthrax, out of them 2 children died, 5 adults survived and one among them developed associated cutaneous anthrax also. all the persons with cutaneous anthrax recovered with treatment. | 1992 | 1452238 |
| observations on an outbreak of anthrax in pigs in north wales. | nineteen pigs in a 500 sow herd died from anthrax over a period of 95 days. this paper describes some of the problems encountered and how they were dealt with, including the risks to public health, the disposal of slurry and the cleansing and disinfection of the premises after the herd was slaughtered. | 1992 | 1441152 |
| anthrax toxin protective antigen is activated by a cell surface protease with the sequence specificity and catalytic properties of furin. | proteolytic cleavage of the protective antigen (pa) protein of anthrax toxin at residues 164-167 is necessary for toxic activity. cleavage by a cellular protease at this sequence, arg-lys-lys-arg, normally follows binding of pa to a cell surface receptor. we attempted to identify this protease by determining its sequence specificity and catalytic properties. semi-random cassette mutagenesis was used to generate mutants with replacements of residues 164-167 by arg, lys, ser, or asn. analysis of 1 ... | 1992 | 1438214 |
| [where is the diagnosis of anthrax?]. | the large use of antibiotics entailed a dizzy fall of the bacteriological positivity in diagnosis of acute anthrax, from 98-100% to 25% in average. common serological methods are of low sensitivity and not so confluent. the more sophisticated methods (elisa, eitb) are of a much better sensitivity but their employment in field epidemiological investigations is difficult and does not be suitable for a retrospective diagnosis. these inconveniences can be successfully surmounted by use of the anthra ... | 1992 | 1422271 |
| [comparison of therapeutic effects of antibiotics of the tetracycline group in the treatment of anthrax caused by a strain inheriting tet-gene of plasmid pbc16]. | in vivo and in vitro efficacy of tetracyclines was studied with respect to anthracic infection induced by a tetracycline-resistant resistant strain containing plasmid pbc16. the plasmid-containing strain was resistant to tetracycline, doxycycline and minocycline, the mics exceeding those for the initial strain 500, 640 and 80 times, respectively. there was no therapeutic effect of tetracycline and doxycycline in the treatment and urgent prophylaxis of anthracic infection caused by the tetracycli ... | 1992 | 1417313 |
| serum concentrations of penicillin, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin during prolonged therapy in rhesus monkeys. | concentrations of penicillin, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin were measured by bioassay in sera of rhesus monkeys treated with these drugs for inhalation anthrax. antibiotic doses were determined on the basis of published serum concentration data from humans and comparative body surface area calculations for humans and rhesus monkeys. the antibiotics were well tolerated. serum peak and trough concentrations of penicillin, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin, respectively, averaged 2.7 and 0.8, 1.31 an ... | 1992 | 1402033 |
| ion channel and membrane translocation of diphtheria toxin. | diphtheria toxin is the best studied member of a family of bacterial protein toxins which act inside cells. to reach their cytoplasmic targets, these toxins, which include tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins and anthrax toxin, have to cross the hydrophobic membrane barrier. all of them have been shown to form ion channels across planar lipid bilayer and, in the case of diphtheria toxin, also in the plasma membrane of cells. a relation between the ion channel and the process of membrane translocati ... | 1992 | 1384590 |
| comparative analysis of 23s ribosomal rna gene sequences of bacillus anthracis and emetic bacillus cereus determined by pcr-direct sequencing. | the primary structures of the 23s ribosomal rna genes of bacillus anthracis and an emetic strain of bacillus cereus were determined by direct sequencing of enzymatically amplified chromosomal dna. the 23s rrna gene sequences of b. anthracis and b. cereus were found to be almost identical and showed only two differences (a single nucleotide change, and a single base insertion in b. cereus). the feasibility of using pcr-direct sequencing for the rapid sequence determination of large-subunit rrna g ... | 1992 | 1381695 |
| purification of bacterial exotoxins. the case of botulinum, tetanus, anthrax, pertussis and cholera toxins. | bacterial protein toxins and their fragments have been isolated and purified for various reasons, including the development of efficient vaccines and for methods of identification of bacterial agents causing disease. this activity continues today but a new area of bacterial protein toxin research has recently emerged. since it was shown that toxin molecules comprise several types of biological activity within their structural domains, it was suggested to use these domains (and their combinations ... | 1992 | 1369426 |
| cutaneous anthrax due to penicillin-resistant bacillus anthracis transmitted by an insect bite. | 1992 | 1353216 | |
| [epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of anthrax in patients at the university hospital in split 1956-1987]. | this paper discusses the epidemiological and some clinical characteristics of 61 patients who were diagnosed as having anthrax at the department of infectious diseases, university hospital split in the period from january 1, 1956, to december 31, 1987. the pathogenesis of the disease is also reviewed. clinical diagnosis was confirmed in 36 (59.02%) patients, 32 (52.46%) were diagnosed by microscopic examination of gram's stained smears and 4 (6.56%) patients by cutaneous lesion fluid culture. in ... | 1992 | 1343041 |
| koch's postulates and the etiology of aids: an historical perspective. | this paper examines the debate over the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) as the cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) from an historical perspective. the changing criteria for proving the link between putative pathological agents and diseases are discussed, beginning with robert koch's research on anthrax in the late nineteenth century. various versions of 'koch's postulates' are analyzed in relation to the necessity and sufficiency arguments of logical reasoning. in addition, alt ... | 1992 | 1342726 |
| narrowing the zone of uncertainty between research and development in biological warfare defense. | although "research" is not prohibited by the biological weapons convention, states parties to the convention have maintained the spirit of the convention in actions relating to research. the confidence-building measures agreed to at rc2 refer to research facilities, publication of research results, and promotion of contacts between scientists engaged in research related to the convention. however, assessment of basic research on biological agents is not a productive way to distinguish an offensi ... | 1992 | 1297276 |
| control of product batches (before and after registration). the belgian approach. | a review is given on the registration procedure and controls of veterinary vaccines in belgium. an obligatory registration procedure was installed in 1969, and has since been modified several times. the belgian approach for control of veterinary vaccines before and after registration is explained. controls before registration are often carried out exclusively by the manufacturer and are described in the registration file. controls may, however, also be carried out by an independent laboratory if ... | 1992 | 1286756 |
| clinical pathological exercise. intestinal anthrax. | 1976 | 1264466 | |
| a fatal case of pulmonary anthrax. | 1976 | 1260311 | |
| respiratory-tract infections in the tropics. | 1975 | 1223852 | |
| [case of septic form of anthrax with agranulocytosis]. | 1975 | 1223581 | |
| [study of the possibility of using penicillin and a specific globulin for treating the anthracic infectious process in an irradiated organism]. | comparative efficacy of the specific globulin and penicillin in the treatment of siberia ulcer infection was studied on 160 guinea pigs and 400 albino mice irradiated with co60 gama-rays in sublethal doses. it was found that penicillin preserved its efficiency, while the curative effect of the specific globulin significantly decreased in the irradiated animals. | 1975 | 1211888 |
| letter: an anthrax outbreak. | 1975 | 1198877 | |
| dermatology in shiraz, iran. | 1975 | 1198699 | |
| epizootic of anthrax in falls county, texas. | an epizootic of anthrax in eastern falls county, texas, killed at least 238 animals during a 6-week period ending july 31, 1974. infection appeared to be caused by the ingestion of contaminated soil and grass in the drought-stricken central texas area. the participation of the texas department of agriculture, the texas national guard, and other state agencies was of great assistance to the texas animal health commission in handling the epizootic and panic stricken public. use of the unencapsulat ... | 1975 | 1184447 |
| anthrax in england and wales 1963-1972. | the records of confirmed anthrax diagnoses held by the bacteriology department of the central veterinary laboratory, weybridge, for the years 1963 to 1972 inclusive, were analysed. during this decade, 86 per cent of the 2944 deaths recorded were in cattle and 11 per cent in pigs, correlating significantly with the cattle and pig populations in england and wales during this period. also, the country could be separated into high and low prevalence counties for cattle anthrax. norfolk and somerset ... | 1975 | 1179615 |
| [infectious animal diseases in europe during 1974]. | 1975 | 1171534 | |
| an outbreak of anthrax in the mondoro tribal trust lands. | 1975 | 1170020 | |
| bacillus anthracic meningitis. | bacillus anthracis is an uncommon cause of meniningitis. the characteristic hemorrhagic features in two patients who died despite antibiotic treatment are presented and discussed. | 1975 | 1168871 |
| [a case of anthrax]. | 1975 | 1154729 | |
| [case report of anthrax treated at the infectious diseases department]. | 1975 | 1143191 | |
| [favorable outcome of anthrax with an unusual localization]. | 1975 | 1136396 | |
| [preparation and comparative evaluation of experimental anthrax diagnostic sera in experiments on animals]. | the authors present the results of studies on obtaining and comparative assessment of experimental anthrax diagnostic sera in experiments on various animals. donkeys, sheep, horses, rabbits and monkeys (papio hamadryas) were immunized with the sti-i vaccine by a single scheme. the activity of the obtained sera was tested in the diffuse precipitation reaction by the amount of the detected antibodies and the titre. the most active sera were obtained from donkeys and sheep: their titre was 5.5 and ... | 1975 | 1124613 |
| anthrax. | 1976 | 1045256 | |
| anthrax. | 1976 | 1044118 | |
| [anthrax]. | 1975 | 1038738 |