Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| correlation between ceftriaxone resistance of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and expression of outer membrane proteins ompw and ail/ompx-like protein, which are regulated by baer of a two-component system. | mutant 7f2 of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium has a transposon inserted in the regulator gene baer of a two-component system and showed a more-than-fourfold reduction in resistance to ceftriaxone. complementation analysis suggested an association among the outer membrane proteins ompw and stm3031, ceftriaxone resistance, and baer. | 2005 | 16127081 |
| the long polar fimbriae genes identified in shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli are present in other diarrheagenic e. coli and in the standard e. coli collection of reference (ecor) strains. | long polar fimbriae (lpf) are related to type i fimbriae in genetic organization and were first identified in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. four lpfa genetic variants designated lpfa(o157/oi-141), lpfa(o157/oi-154), lpfa(o26) and lpfa(o113) have been identified in shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec). in this study, pcr was employed to determine the distribution of stec-lpfas in enteropathogenic, enteroaggregative, enterotoxigenic and enteroinvasive e. coli (epec, eaec, etec ... | 2006 | 16125910 |
| enhancement of humoral and cellular immune responses by an oral salmonella choleraesuis vaccine expressing porcine prothymosin alpha. | previously, we showed that murine prothymosin alpha (prot) enhances the efficacy of a pseudorabies dna vaccine delivered by bacterial vectors. in this study, we cloned and sequenced the cdna for porcine prot. the deduced amino acid sequence of porcine prot exhibited high homology to prot from other mammals. oral salmonella choleraesuis vaccine carrying the prot eukaryotic expression plasmid protected mice against virulent s. choleraesuis challenge. the adjuvant effect of prot on humoral and cell ... | 2005 | 16125286 |
| insertion-duplication mutagenesis of salmonella enterica and related species using a novel thermosensitive vector. | we constructed a novel temperature-sensitive vector as a tool for gene disruption by insertion-duplication mutagenesis (idm) in salmonella enterica and related species. a phon insertion mutant was proven highly stable during growth in lb medium and during infection of macrophage cells in the absence of selection pressure. by progressive shortening of a phon fragment, the minimal length for effective insertional mutagenesis driven by homologous recombination was determined to be 50 bp, allowing t ... | 2006 | 16125236 |
| molecular characterisation and mechanisms of resistance of multidrug-resistant human salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolated in amiens (france). | antimicrobial resistance patterns of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolates obtained during the study period were examined. the molecular epidemiology and the mechanisms of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline were investigated. resistance to ampicillin increased from 59% between 1996 and 1999 to 62.5% in 2000 and to 66.6% in 2001. of 51 s. typhimurium isolates studied, 100% were resistant to ampicillin (minimum inhibitory concentration (mic)>256 mg/l) and sulphon ... | 2005 | 16122913 |
| efficacy of directed misting application of a peroxygen disinfectant for environmental decontamination of a veterinary hospital. | to evaluate effectiveness of 4% peroxymonosulfate disinfectant applied as a mist to surfaces in a large animal hospital as measured by recovery of staphylococcus aureus and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | 2005 | 16117069 |
| salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis infection of the porcine jejunal peyer's patch rapidly induces il-1beta and il-8 expression. | salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis is an enteric pathogen of swine, producing septicemia, enterocolitis, pneumonia, and hepatitis. the initial molecular events at the site of salmonella infection are hypothesized to be critical in the initiation of innate and adaptive immune responses; however, the acute immune response elicited by porcine intestinal tissues is not well understood. to address this need, we employed explants of jejunal peyer's patch (jpp) mucosa from pigs to examine salmone ... | 2006 | 16115691 |
| differentiation of salmonella gallinarum biovar gallinarum from salmonella gallinarum biovar pullorum by pcr-rflp of the fimh gene. | in our studies on fimh adhesins expressed by different salmonella serovars, we cloned and sequenced the fimh genes from salmonella enterica ssp. enterica ser. gallinarum biovar gallinarum and s. enterica ssp. enterica ser. gallinarum biovar pullorum. comparison of the nucleotide sequences revealed the presence of a single-nucleotide polymorphism (snp) at position 544 bp from the a of the start codon of the fimh open reading frame (orf). further analysis of the restriction enzyme sites in fimh ge ... | 2005 | 16115094 |
| characterization of fimh adhesins expressed by salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovars gallinarum and pullorum: reconstitution of mannose-binding properties by single amino acid substitution. | recombinant fimh adhesins of type 1 fimbriae from salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovars gallinarum and pullorum, in contrast to those of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, did not bind to high-mannose oligosaccharides or to human colon carcinoma ht-29 cells. however, mutated fimh proteins from biovar gallinarum and biovar pullorum, in which the isoleucine at position 78 was replaced by the threonine found in s. enterica serovar typhimurium, bound well to glycoproteins carrying hig ... | 2005 | 16113346 |
| salmonella pathogenicity island 2-dependent expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 in macrophages. | salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi-2), which is located at centisome 30.7 on the chromosome of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, is required for growth within macrophages and systemic infection in mice. we recently reported that the infection of macrophages with salmonella induces the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in a manner dependent on spi-2. in the present study, gene expression analysis using a cdna array further showed the involvement of spi-2 in the expression of suppressor of ... | 2005 | 16113275 |
| rate of inversion of the salmonella enterica shufflon regulates expression of invertible dna. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi and some strains (vi(+)) of serovar dublin use type ivb pili to facilitate bacterial self-association, but only when the pilv proteins (potential minor pilus proteins) are not synthesized. pilus-mediated self-association may be important in the pathogenesis of enteric fever. we have suggested that the rate of rci-catalyzed inversion of dna encoding the c-terminal portions of the pilv proteins controls pilv protein synthesis. this potentially represents a novel m ... | 2005 | 16113273 |
| microarray-based detection of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium transposon mutants that cannot survive in macrophages and mice. | dna microarrays provide an opportunity to combine the principles of signature-tagged mutagenesis (stm) with microarray technology to identify potentially important bacterial virulence genes. the scope of dna microarrays allows for less laborious screening on a much larger scale than possible by stm alone. we have adapted a microarray-based transposon tracking strategy for use with a salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium cdna microarray in order to identify genes important for survival and repl ... | 2005 | 16113260 |
| salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium fimbrial proteins serve as antigens during infection of mice. | the salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium genome contains 13 operons with homology to fimbrial gene sequences. here we investigated the role of 11 serotype typhimurium fimbrial proteins, including fima, agfa (csga), bcfa, stba, stha, lpfa, pefa, stda, stca, stia, and stfa, as antigens during the infection of genetically resistant mice (cba). upon the growth of serotype typhimurium in standard laboratory broth culture, only the expression of fima could be detected by western blot analysis. the ... | 2005 | 16113248 |
| [diagnosis of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever by serological and genetical methods]. | 2005 | 16111223 | |
| solid- and vapor-phase antimicrobial activities of six essential oils: susceptibility of selected foodborne bacterial and fungal strains. | the antimicrobial activity of essential oils (eos) of cinnamon (cinnamon zeylanicum), clove (syzygium aromaticum), basil (ocimum basillicum), rosemary (rosmarinus officinalis), dill (anethum graveolens), and ginger (zingiber officinalis) was evaluated over a range of concentrations in two types of contact tests (solid and vapor diffusion). the eos were tested against an array of four gram-positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, enterococcus faecalis, and listeria monocytogenes ... | 2005 | 16104824 |
| hospital-based surveillance for acute febrile illness in egypt: a focus on community-acquired bloodstream infections. | acute febrile illness (afi) is a common syndrome in egypt. however its etiologies are not well characterized. to determine the relative frequency of pathogen etiologies and possibly improve diagnostic, clinical management and public health measures, we implemented laboratory-based surveillance in a network of infectious disease hospitals throughout egypt. admitted patients with afi provided background details and a blood sample for bacterial culture and serologic analysis. case definitions were ... | 2005 | 16103611 |
| multidrug-resistant salmonella typhimurium in four animal facilities. | in 1999 and 2000, 3 state health departments reported 4 outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness due to salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium in employees, clients, and client animals from 3 companion animal veterinary clinics and 1 animal shelter. more than 45 persons and companion animals became ill. four independent investigations resulted in the testing of 19 human samples and >200 animal samples; 18 persons and 36 animals were culture-positive for s. typhimurium. one outbreak was due to mul ... | 2005 | 16102313 |
| bacterial genome size reduction by experimental evolution. | bacterial evolution toward endosymbiosis with eukaryotic cells is associated with extensive bacterial genome reduction and loss of metabolic and regulatory capabilities. here we examined the rate and process of genome reduction in the bacterium salmonella enterica by a serial passage experimental evolution procedure. the initial rate of dna loss was estimated to be 0.05 bp per chromosome per generation for a wt bacterium and approximately 50-fold higher for a muts mutant defective in methyl-dire ... | 2005 | 16099836 |
| delivery of heterologous protein antigens via hemolysin or autotransporter systems by an attenuated ler mutant of rabbit enteropathogenic escherichia coli. | in this report, we describe the use of an attenuated regulatory mutant of a rabbit enteropathogenic escherichia coli (repec) as a live vaccine vector to deliver heterologous protein antigens using two dedicated transport systems, a salmonella autotransporter and the e. coli hemolysin apparatus. we previously reported that an isogeneic ler (lee encoded regulator) mutant of repec o103:h2 is attenuated and immunogenic in rabbits. we first evaluated the salmonella autotransporter misl containing the ... | 2006 | 16098637 |
| conservation of the n-terminus of some phage tail proteins. | to study the interaction between lipopolysaccharide and protein, a comparative approach was employed using seven salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium typing phages as the protein model systems. this interaction has been studied in detail in the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium phage p22 system and involves only the viral tailspike protein. similarity between these phages and phage p22 was monitored in this report by assaying restriction endonuclease digestions, capsid size, reactivity ... | 2005 | 16096708 |
| longitudinal monitoring of two commercial layer flocks and their environments for salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis and other salmonellae. | between august 20, 2001, and september 17, 2002, 1429 samples including drag swabs, egg belt or egg rollout swabs, fan-blade swabs, rodent organ and intestinal pools, beetle (alphitobius diaperinus) pools, housefly (musca domestica) pools, chicken organ and intestinal pools, and egg pools were obtained for salmonella culture from two flocks from two different commercial layer ranches. the two ranches were purposefully selected for the study based on their previous status of salmonella enteritidi ... | 2005 | 16094821 |
| cellular immune response induced by salmonella enterica serotype typhi iron-regulated outer-membrane proteins at peripheral and mucosal levels. | the role of purified iron-regulated outer-membrane proteins (iromps) from salmonella enterica serotype typhi in modulation of specific t-cell responses was studied. the cellular immune response induced by iromps was measured by assessing the delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) response, lymphocyte proliferation, t-cell phenotyping and cytokine-producing cells using lymphocytes isolated from the spleen and peyer's patches of iromps-immunized, immunized-challenged, infected and control mice. iromp ... | 2005 | 16091431 |
| case report: salmonella infection following total hip arthroplasty. | a case of a total hip arthroplasty infection with staphylococcus aureus, co-infected with salmonella choleraesuis was treated with two-stage exchange and administration of vancomycin and ciprofloxacin. no signs of re-infection have appeared fourteen months after surgery. cases of salmonella infection of hip prostheses are quite rare, with only a handful of reports in the literature. | 2005 | 16089070 |
| [nation-wide outbreak of salmonella give in germany, 2004]. | in spring and summer 2004, a multistate outbreak of infections caused by salmonella enterica serovar give (s. give), a relatively rare serovar in germany, was detected. in order to identify a common exposure and to describe the characteristics of infections caused by s. give, an outbreak investigation was performed. | 2005 | 16088767 |
| insights into the genome of the enteric bacterium escherichia blattae: cobalamin (b12) biosynthesis, b12-dependent reactions, and inactivation of the gene region encoding b12-dependent glycerol dehydratase by a new mu-like prophage. | the enteric bacterium escherichia blattae has been analyzed for the presence of cobalamin (b12) biosynthesis and b12-dependent pathways. biochemical studies revealed that e. blattae synthesizes b12 de novo aerobically and anaerobically. genes exhibiting high similarity to all genes of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, which are involved in the oxygen-independent route of b12 biosynthesis, were present in the genome of e. blattae dsm 4481. the dha regulon encodes the key enzymes for the an ... | 2004 | 16088217 |
| nmr assays for carbohydrate-based vaccines. | antibodies against the cell surface carbohydrates of many microbial pathogens protect against infection. this was initially exploited by the development of purified polysaccharide vaccines, but glycoconjugate vaccines, in which the cell surface carbohydrate of a microbial pathogen is covalently attached to an appropriate carrier protein, are proving the most effective means to generate this protective immunity. carbohydrate-based vaccines against haemophilus influenzae type b, neisseria meningit ... | 2005 | 16087046 |
| correlation of phenotype with the genotype of egg-contaminating salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. | the genotype of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis was correlated with the phenotype using dna-dna microarray hybridization, ribotyping, and phenotype microarray analysis to compare three strains that differed in colony morphology and phage type. no dna hybridization differences were found between two phage type 13a (pt13a) strains that varied in biofilm formation; however, the ribotype patterns were different. both pt13a strains had dna sequences similar to that of bacteriophage fels2, whe ... | 2005 | 16085829 |
| dissemination of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium var. copenhagen clonal types through a contract heifer-raising operation. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium var. copenhagen isolates from a heifer-raising operation and from 11 dairy herds that had their calves contracted to the heifer-raising operation were examined for their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. results of the study showed that the heifer-raising operation could serve as a clearinghouse for salmonella serovar typhimurium var. copenhagen and perhaps other salmonella serotypes. | 2005 | 16081980 |
| pilot study to evaluate microarray hybridization as a tool for salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strain differentiation. | in developed countries, salmonella enterica subspecies 1 serovars enteritidis and typhimurium range among the most common causes of bacterial food-borne infections. the surveillance and typing of epidemic salmonella strains are important tools in epidemiology. usually, salmonella enterica subspecies 1 serovars are differentiated by serotyping for diagnostic purposes. further differentiation is done by phage typing as well as molecular typing techniques. here we have designed and evaluated a prot ... | 2005 | 16081956 |
| dna sequence-based subtyping and evolutionary analysis of selected salmonella enterica serotypes. | while serotyping and phage typing have been used widely to characterize salmonella isolates, sensitive subtyping methods that allow for evolutionary analyses are essential for examining salmonella transmission, ecology, and evolution. a set of 25 salmonella enterica isolates, representing five clinically relevant serotypes (serotypes agona, heidelberg, schwarzengrund, typhimurium, and typhimurium var. copenhagen) was initially used to develop a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) scheme for salmon ... | 2005 | 16081897 |
| comparison of five repetitive-sequence-based pcr typing methods for molecular discrimination of salmonella enterica isolates. | five repetitive-element pcr (rep-pcr) techniques [primer sets eric1r-eric2 and rep1r-rep2i and primers eric2, boxa1r, and (gtg)5] were evaluated for the discrimination of salmonella enterica isolates at the serotype level. on the basis of number, even distribution over the whole fingerprint, and clarity of bands in the fingerprints, the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (eric) primer set and the (gtg)5 primer were chosen for use in the following experiments. for these two primer se ... | 2005 | 16081887 |
| helicobacter pylori flagellar hook-filament transition is controlled by a flik functional homolog encoded by the gene hp0906. | helicobacter pylori is a human gastric pathogen which is dependent on motility for infection. the h. pylori genome encodes a near-complete complement of flagellar proteins compared to model enteric bacteria. one of the few flagellar genes not annotated in h. pylori is that encoding flik, a hook length control protein whose absence leads to a polyhook phenotype in salmonella enterica. we investigated the role of the h. pylori gene hp0906 in flagellar biogenesis because of linkage to other flagell ... | 2005 | 16077121 |
| regulation of finp transcription by dna adenine methylation in the virulence plasmid of salmonella enterica. | dna adenine methylase (dam(-)) mutants of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium contain reduced levels of finp rna encoded on the virulence plasmid. dam methylation appears to regulate finp transcription, rather than finp rna stability or turnover. the finp promoter includes canonical -10 and -35 modules and depends on the sigma(70) factor. regulation of finp transcription by dam methylation does not require dna sequences upstream from the -35 module, indicating that dam acts at the promoter i ... | 2005 | 16077115 |
| occurrence of sope gene and its phenotypic expression among different serovars of salmonella enterica isolated from man and animals. | salmonella pathogenesis is a complex phenomenon and a type iii secretion system plays a central role in the development of salmonella-induced enteritis. one such type iii secretion protein is salmonella outer protein e (sope). prevalence of sope gene and its phenotypic expression (sope protein) among different serovars of salmonella enterica isolated from man and animals were investigated. of 305 strains of s. enterica belonging to 11 serovars tested for the presence of sope, 130 strains belongi ... | 2005 | 16053270 |
| novel haemolysins of salmonella enterica spp. enterica serovar gallinarum. | haemolysins of salmonella are important due to their probable role in pathogenesis of systemic salmonellosis and use in sub-serovar level typing. the present study was undertaken to determine haemolytic potential of salmonella gallinarum strains through phenotypic and genotypic methods. amplification of haemolysin gene (clya) and cytolysin gene (slya) was attempted in order to determine their role in haemolysin production. study on 94 strains of s. gallinarum revealed the production of two types ... | 2005 | 16053269 |
| salmonella enterica cholerasuis bacteremia and mycotic aneurysm of abdominal aorta in a hemodialysis patient. | 2005 | 16052355 | |
| porcine liver-expressed antimicrobial peptides, hepcidin and leap-2: cloning and induction by bacterial infection. | hepcidin is a liver-expressed iron-regulating hormone that also is an antimicrobial peptide. here we report the full-length cdna sequences of porcine hepcidin and liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide-2 (leap-2). porcine hepcidin and leap-2 cdna sequences contain 411 and 525 bp, and encode predicted peptides of 82 and 77 amino acid residues, respectively. both porcine hepcidin and leap-2 are highly expressed in liver and leap-2 also is expressed in intestinal tissues and kidney. pigs infected wi ... | 2006 | 16051358 |
| use of aflp and pfge to discriminate between salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt126 isolates from separate food-related outbreaks in australia. | in 2001 salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium definitive phage-type (dt) 126 was isolated at higher frequency in australia compared to other s. typhimurium phage types and in comparison to previous years. associated with this increase was the implication of this phage type in a number of food-related outbreaks. we compared fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (faflp) to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), the current 'gold standard' for molecular typing of salmonella for the ... | 2005 | 16050508 |
| risk factors associated with salmonella enterica subsp. enterica contamination of chicken carcases in senegal. | the objective of this study was to identify the risk factors for salmonella spp. contamination of senegalese chicken carcases during slaughtering. one hundred and twenty traditional slaughterhouses were studied from january 2000 to december 2002 in and around dakar. a questionnaire was administered to the slaughterers and samples of breast skin were taken to assess the salmonella spp. status of chicken carcases. results showed that 43.3% of the chicken batches were contaminated with salmonella s ... | 2005 | 16050182 |
| oxidative and nitrosative responses of the chicken macrophage cell line mq-ncsu to experimental salmonella infection. | phagocytes limit replication or kill ingested organisms by producing toxic reactive oxygen and nitrogen species via nadph oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos). the present experiments were to investigate the production and the possible roles of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) and nitric oxide (no) in the mq-ncsu chicken macrophage cell line infected with salmonella in vitro. after infection, intracellular salmonella viable counts remained constant until 24 h post infection (pi ... | 2005 | 16050178 |
| six groups of the oxy beta-lactamase evolved over millions of years in klebsiella oxytoca. | the diversity and evolution of the class a oxy beta-lactamase from klebsiella oxytoca were investigated and compared to housekeeping gene diversity. the entire bla(oxy) coding region was sequenced in 18 clinical isolates representative of the four k. oxytoca beta-lactamase gene groups bla(oxy-1) to bla(oxy-4) and of two new groups identified here, bla(oxy-5) (with four isolates with pi 7.2 and one with pi 7.7) and bla(oxy-6) (with four isolates with pi 7.75 and three with pi 8.1). genes bla(oxy- ... | 2005 | 16048960 |
| azithromycin inhibits the formation of flagellar filaments without suppressing flagellin synthesis in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | the present study shows that a sub-mic of the macrolide antibiotic azithromycin (azm) diminishes the virulence function of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. we first constructed an azm-resistant strain (ms248) by introducing ermbc, an erythromycin ribosome methylase gene, into serovar typhimurium. the mic of azm for ms248 exceeded 100 microg/ml. second, we managed to determine the efficacy with which a sub-mic of azm reduced the virulence of ms248 in vitro. on the one hand, azm (10 microg ... | 2005 | 16048953 |
| role of the acrab-tolc efflux pump in determining susceptibility of haemophilus influenzae to the novel peptide deformylase inhibitor lbm415. | haemophilus influenzae isolates vary widely in their susceptibilities to the peptide deformylase inhibitor lbm415 (mic range, 0.06 to 32 microg/ml); however, on average, they are less susceptible than gram-positive organisms, such as staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pneumoniae. insertional inactivation of the h. influenzae acrb or tolc gene in strain nb65044 (rd strain kw20) increased susceptibility to lbm415, confirming a role for the acrab-tolc pump in determining resistance. consistent ... | 2005 | 16048914 |
| [occurrence of salmonella spp. and shigatoxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) in horse faeces and horse meat products]. | in order to assess the relevance of horses as a possible reservoir of salmonella and shigatoxin-producing escherichia coli (stec), 400 samples of horse faeces and 100 samples of horse meat products were examined by pcr-screening methods. salmonella enterica was not found in any of the samples. one faeces-sample and one horse meat product were proved to be stec positive. the stec-strain from faecal origin belonged to the serotype 0113:h21 and had the stx 2c gene and the enterohemolysin gene. the ... | 2005 | 16048044 |
| short chain fatty acids influence virulence properties of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | the present study investigated scfa exposed salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium for its virulence characteristics such as mouse lethality adhesion, surface hydrophobicity, phagocytic uptake, intracellular survival within the murine peritoneal macrophages, induction of acid tolerance response (atr), and the expression of outer membrane proteins (omps). lethal dose (ld50) for mice was found to be more for scfa exposed cells as compared to the normal cells. in vitro adherence to murine intestin ... | 2005 | 16047886 |
| hild, hilc and rtsa constitute a feed forward loop that controls expression of the spi1 type three secretion system regulator hila in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium invades intestinal epithelial cells using a type three secretion system (ttss) encoded on salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi1). the spi1 ttss injects effector proteins into the cytosol of host cells where they promote actin rearrangement and engulfment of the bacteria. we previously identified rtsa, an arac-like protein similar to the known hilc and hild regulatory proteins. like hilc and hild, rtsa activates expression of spi1 genes by binding upstrea ... | 2005 | 16045614 |
| the phage-shock-protein response. | the phage-shock-protein (psp) system responds to extracytoplasmic stress that may reduce the energy status of the cell. it is conserved in many different bacteria and has been linked to several important phenotypes. escherichia coli psp mutants have defects in maintenance of the proton-motive force, protein export by the sec and tat pathways, survival in stationary phase at alkaline ph, and biofilm formation. yersinia enterocolitica psp mutants cannot grow when the secretin component of a type i ... | 2005 | 16045608 |
| selective capture of salmonella enterica serovar typhi genes expressed in macrophages that are absent from the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium genome. | thirty-six salmonella enterica serovar typhi-specific genes, absent from the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium genome, that were expressed in human macrophages were identified by selective capture of transcribed sequences. these genes are located on 15 unique loci of the serovar typhi genome, including salmonella pathogenicity islands (spi-7, spi-8, and spi-10) and bacteriophages (st15, st18, and st35). | 2005 | 16041043 |
| biofilm formation by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and escherichia coli on epithelial cells following mixed inoculations. | biofilms were formed by inoculations of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and escherichia coli on hep-2 cells. inoculations of s. enterica serovar typhimurium and e. coli resulted in the formation of an extensive biofilm of s. enterica serovar typhimurium. in experiments where an e. coli biofilm was first formed followed by challenge with s. enterica serovar typhimurium, there was significant biofilm formation by s. enterica serovar typhimurium. the results of this study indicate that s. e ... | 2005 | 16041039 |
| cytokine and chemokine responses associated with clearance of a primary salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection in the chicken and in protective immunity to rechallenge. | infection of poultry with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium poses a significant risk to public health through contamination of meat from infected animals. vaccination has been proposed to control infections in chickens. however, the vaccines are currently largely empirical, and our understanding of the mechanisms that underpin immune clearance and protection in avian salmonellosis is not complete. in this study we describe the cytokine, chemokine, and antibody responses and cellular change ... | 2005 | 16041035 |
| myd88, but not toll-like receptors 4 and 2, is required for efficient clearance of brucella abortus. | it is not clear how the host initially recognizes and responds to infection by gram-negative pathogenic brucella spp. it was previously shown (d. s. weiss, b. raupach, k. takeda, s. akira, and a. zychlinsky, j. immunol. 172:4463-4469, 2004) that the early macrophage response against gram-negative bacteria is mediated by toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4), which signals in response to lipopolysaccharide (lps). brucella, however, has a noncanonical lps which does not have potent immunostimulatory activit ... | 2005 | 16041030 |
| divergence of protection induced by bacterial products and sepsis-induced immune suppression. | susceptibility to bacterial infections after a primary immune stimulation differs drastically depending on the presensitization of the innate immune system. to determine the conditions that either induce protection or enhanced susceptibility to infection with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, we pretreated mice either with tumor necrosis factor (tnf), whole killed bacteria, or sublethal cecal ligation and puncture (clp) as a mouse model for septic peritonitis. impaired production of the c ... | 2005 | 16041004 |
| exposure to rumen protozoa leads to enhancement of pathogenicity of and invasion by multiple-antibiotic-resistant salmonella enterica bearing sgi1. | multiple-antibiotic-resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium is a food-borne pathogen that has been purported to be more virulent than antibiotic-sensitive counterparts. the paradigm for this multiresistant/hyperpathogenic phenotype is salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium phage type dt104 (dt104). the basis for the multiresistance in dt104 is related to an integron structure designated sgi1, but factors underlying hyperpathogenicity have not been completely identified. since protoz ... | 2005 | 16040979 |
| stimulation of gp91 phagocytic oxidase and reactive oxygen species in neutrophils by an avirulent salmonella enterica serovar infantis strain protects gnotobiotic piglets from lethal challenge with serovar typhimurium strain f98 without inducing intestinal pathology. | preinoculation of susceptible 5-day-old gnotobiotic piglets with salmonella enterica serovar infantis strain 1326/28phi(r) stimulates neutrophil migration into the intestine, which rapidly protects the pigs against a subsequent (normally lethal) challenge with s. enterica serovar typhimurium strain f98. here we show that inoculation with either 1326/28phi(r) or f98 activated reactive oxygen species (ros) in neutrophils via nadph pathways in vivo and in vitro and that the survival of both salmone ... | 2005 | 16040965 |
| n-linked glycosylation at asn3 and the positively charged residues within the amino-terminal domain of the c1 inhibitor are required for interaction of the c1 inhibitor with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lipopolysaccharide and lipid a. | the c1 inhibitor (c1inh), a plasma complement regulatory protein, prevents endotoxin shock, at least partially via the direct interaction of its amino-terminal heavily glycosylated nonserpin region with gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps). to further characterize the potential lps-binding site(s) within the amino-terminal domain, mutations were introduced into c1inh at the three n-linked glycosylation sites and at the four positively charged amino acid residues. a mutant in which as ... | 2005 | 16040958 |
| the nematode panagrellus redivivus is susceptible to killing by human pathogens at 37 degrees c. | caenorhabditis elegans has been used as a host for the study of bacteria that cause disease in mammals. however, a significant limitation of the model is that c. elegans is not viable at 37 degrees c. we report that the gonochoristic nematode panagrellus redivivus survives at 37 degrees c and maintains its life cycle at temperatures up to and including 31.5 degrees c. the c. elegans pathogens pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella enterica, staphylococcus aureus, but not yersinia pseudotuberculosis, ... | 2005 | 16040202 |
| activation, cytokine production, and intracellular survival of bacteria in salmonella-infected human monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) is an intracellular pathogen causing localized gastroenteritis in humans. macrophages (mphis) and dendritic cells (dcs) play an important role in innate immunity against salmonella. in this report, we have compared the consequences of infection of human mphis and dcs with wild-type s. typhimurium and an isogenic pgte-defective strain. pgte is an outer membrane protein hypothesized to have a role in intracellular survival of salmonella. we ... | 2005 | 16033811 |
| plasmid-mediated resistance to ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime in clinical isolates of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis in hong kong. | to characterize the genetic determinants involved in the reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime in salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis clinical isolates obtained from four patients in summer 2003 in hong kong. | 2005 | 16033804 |
| use of fourier transform infrared spectra of crude bacterial lipopolysaccharides and chemometrics for differentiation of salmonella enterica serotypes. | to evaluate fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir) and chemometrics for differentiating intact cells and crude lipopolysaccharide (lps) extracts from salmonella serotypes. | 2005 | 16033474 |
| pneumonia of pigs: a review. | pneumonia of pigs is one of the more important disease factors limiting pig production. of the varieties of pneumonia affecting this species enzootic pneumonia caused by mycoplasma spp. is the most common and most important. the major effects of this disease are lowered food conversion ratio and poor weight gain. deaths are usually the result of secondary infection by necrotising, pus-forming bacteria. eradication of the disease is expensive and requires depopulation and restocking. control and ... | 1981 | 16030803 |
| the holin protein of bacteriophage prd1 forms a pore for small-molecule and endolysin translocation. | prd1 is a bacteriophage with an icosahedral outer protein layer surrounding the viral membrane, which encloses the linear double-stranded dna genome. prd1 infects gram-negative cells harboring a conjugative incp plasmid. here we studied the lytic functions of prd1. using infected cells and plasmid-borne lysis genes, we demonstrated that a two-component lysis system (holin-endolysin) operates to release progeny phage particles from the host cell. monitoring of ion fluxes and the atp content of th ... | 2005 | 16030234 |
| unexpected functional diversity among fadr fatty acid transcriptional regulatory proteins. | the fadr protein of escherichia coli has been shown to play a dual role in transcription of the genes of bacterial fatty acid metabolism. the protein acts as a repressor of beta-oxidation and an activator of unsaturated fatty acid synthesis. fadr dna binding is antagonized by long chain acyl-coas, and thus fadr acts as a sensor of fatty acid availability in the environment. when viewed from a genomic viewpoint, fadr proteins are unusual in that the dna binding domain is very highly conserved amo ... | 2005 | 16027119 |
| proteome analysis of serovars typhimurium and pullorum of salmonella enterica subspecies i. | salmonella enterica subspecies i includes several closely related serovars which differ in host ranges and ability to cause disease. the basis for the diversity in host range and pathogenic potential of the serovars is not well understood, and it is not known how host-restricted variants appeared and what factors were lost or acquired during adaptations to a specific environment. differences apparent from the genomic data do not necessarily correspond to functional proteins and more importantly ... | 2005 | 16026608 |
| physical mapping of eight pig genes whose expression level is acutely affected by salmonella challenge. | 2005 | 16026354 | |
| salmonella stress management and its relevance to behaviour during intestinal colonisation and infection. | the enteric pathogen salmonella enterica is exposed to a number of stressful environments during its life cycle within and outside its various hosts. during intestinal colonisation salmonella is successively exposed to acid ph in the stomach, to the detergent-like activity of bile, to decreasing oxygen supply, to the presence of multiple metabolites produced by the normal gut microflora and finally it is exposed to cationic antimicrobial peptides present on the surface of epithelial cells. there ... | 2005 | 16023758 |
| differential responses of macrophages to salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis and typhimurium. | macrophages are major effectors against salmonella infection, and also transport bacteria between host tissues and provide a protected site for intracellular bacterial replication. we hypothesized that differences in chicken macrophage responses to salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (se) and serovar typhimurium (st) played a role in preferential infection of eggs by se compared with st. to test this hypothesis, we determined bacterial phagocytosis and intracellular viability and macrophage ... | 2005 | 16023220 |
| salmonella agona outbreak from contaminated aniseed, germany. | a nationwide outbreak of salmonella agona caused by aniseed-containing herbal tea occurred from october 2002 through july 2003 among infants in germany. consumers should adhere strictly to brewing instructions, although in exceptional cases this precaution may not be protective, particularly when preparing tea for vulnerable age groups. | 2005 | 16022796 |
| analysis of the role of hp0208, a phase-variable open reading frame, and its homologues hp1416 and hp0159 in the biosynthesis of helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide. | the roles of the three orfs hp0208, hp0159 and hp1416 in the biosynthesis of helicobacter pylori 26695 lps were investigated in this study. these orfs represent a paralogous family of genes with homology to the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (hereafter referred to as s. typhimurium) waaj gene, which encodes an alpha-1,2-glycosyltransferase required for core lps biosynthesis. hp0208 contains multiple tandem repeats of the dimer 5'ga at its 5' end and its expression is predicted to be sub ... | 2005 | 16014421 |
| the effect of type-1 fimbrial immunization on gut pathophysiological response in rats infected with salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium. | the pathophysiological mechanism of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium (salmonella typhimurium) induced gastroenteritis is controlled by interplay of various cell signaling events. adherence of this organism through type-1 fimbriae is known to be a vital prerequisite for the establishment of infection. in the present investigation male albino wistar rats were immunized with purified type-1 fimbriae and challenged intragastrically with s. typhimurium. electrolyte transport an ... | 2005 | 16013447 |
| food safety knowledge of consumers and the microbiological and temperature status of their refrigerators. | the objectives of this study were to examine domestic food safety knowledge levels of consumers, establish the levels and incidence of bacterial contamination and operational temperatures in domestic refrigerators, and identify areas in which consumer food safety education is necessary in ireland. a food safety knowledge questionnaire applied to a representative sample of households (n = 1,020) throughout the island of ireland found the gaps in consumer food safety knowledge. analysis of swab sa ... | 2005 | 16013380 |
| effect of relative humidity on preharvest survival of bacterial and viral pathogens on the surface of cantaloupe, lettuce, and bell peppers. | the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of humidity on the preharvest survival of microbial pathogens on cantaloupe, lettuce, and bell peppers. an additional goal was to evaluate clostridium perfringens as an indicator of fecal contamination on produce. the microorganisms used in this study included escherichia coli, e. coli o157:h7, shigella sonnei, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, clostridium perfringens, hepatitis a virus (hav), feline calicivirus (fcv), and coliphage prd1. t ... | 2005 | 16013370 |
| persistence of orally administered salmonella enterica serovars agona and montevideo in atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.). | the objective of our experiments was to study the persistence and dissemination of orally administered salmonella in smoltified atlantic salmon. in experiment 1, salmon kept at 15 degrees c were fed for 1 week with feed contaminated with 96 most-probable-number units of salmonella agona per 100 g of feed and then starved for 2 weeks. samples were taken from the gastrointestinal tract and examined for salmonella 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16 days after the feeding ended. in experiment 2, salmonella agon ... | 2005 | 16013367 |
| activation of murine dendritic cells and macrophages induced by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | macrophages and dendritic cells (dcs) are antigen-presenting cells (apcs), and the direct involvement of both cell types in the immune response to salmonella has been identified. in this study we analysed the phenotypic and functional changes that take place in murine macrophages and dcs in response to live and heat-killed salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. both types of cell secreted proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide (no) in response to live and heat-killed salmonellae. bacterial ... | 2005 | 16011515 |
| outbreaks of salmonellosis at elementary schools associated with dissection of owl pellets. | salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium outbreaks occurred at two elementary schools after science club students dissected owl pellets. forty primary cases were identified (26 culture-confirmed). at the first school, pellets were dissected on a cafeteria table, concurrent with after-school child care in the cafeteria. subsequently, the table was not sanitized before use by after-school care students for snack, or before the next school lunch. at the second school, pellets were dissected in a de ... | 2005 | 16011429 |
| probing the properties of lipopolysaccharide monolayers and their interaction with the antimicrobial peptide polymyxin b by atomic force microscopy. | in contrast to the majority of all known cell types, gram-negative bacteria have a second membrane, the outer membrane, which is an asymmetric bilayer composed of a phospholipid inner leaflet and a glycolipid outer leaflet. the glycolipid layer, in most cases being composed of a lipopolysaccharide (lps), is the first target for antimicrobial agents. to get a basic understanding of the membrane-forming properties of lps, we reconstituted monolayers of deep rough mutant lps from salmonella enteric ... | 2005 | 16008411 |
| epidemiologic evaluation of diarrhea in dogs in an animal shelter. | to determine associations among infectious pathogens and diarrheal disease in dogs in an animal shelter and demonstrate the use of geographic information systems (giss) for tracking spatial distributions of diarrheal disease within shelters. | 2005 | 16008226 |
| insertional mutation of mara vitiates inducible multiple antimicrobial resistance in salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar choleraesuis. | mara has been shown to mediate a multiple antimicrobial resistance (mar) phenotype following induction in some members of the enterobacteriaceae. when salmonella choleraesuis was exposed to inducing agents they displayed higher minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) to multiple antimicrobial agents and an increase in mara expression as determined by northern hybridization analysis. the objective of the present study was to determine if mutation of mara vitiated multiple antimicrobial resistance ... | 2005 | 16006078 |
| cpg oligonucleotides partially inhibit growth of mycobacterium tuberculosis, but not salmonella or listeria, in human monocyte-derived macrophages. | immunostimulatory dna sequences and their synthetic oligonucleotide analogs (cpg-odn) activate innate immunity and can stimulate antibacterial effects against numerous intracellular pathogens. while it has been shown previously that cpg-odn inhibit growth of mycobacterium avium in murine and human macrophages, we now report that mycobacterium tuberculosis growth can be inhibited by cpg-odn treatment of human monocyte-derived macrophages (hmdm). this inhibitory effect was reversed by ifn-gamma, w ... | 2005 | 16002269 |
| vector-primed mice display hypo-responsiveness to foreign antigen presented by recombinant salmonella regardless of the route of delivery. | our previous studies have shown that mice which have been orally primed with an attenuated salmonella vector [s. enterica serovar stanley] are hypo-responsive to foreign antigens later delivered orally by the same vector strain, responding with significantly impaired serum and intestinal antibody responses compared with those seen in unprimed controls. initial vector priming of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (galt) is likely to result in impaired persistence of recombinant salmonella later a ... | 2005 | 16002258 |
| prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter spp. and salmonella serovars in organic chickens from maryland retail stores. | retail organic (n = 198) and conventional (n = 61) chickens were analyzed. most organic (76%) and conventional (74%) chickens were contaminated with campylobacters. salmonellae were recovered from 61% of organic and 44% of conventional chickens. all salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolates from conventional chickens were resistant to five or more antimicrobials, whereas most s. enterica serovar typhimurium isolates (79%) from organic chickens were susceptible to 17 antimicrobials tested. | 2005 | 16000828 |
| ousb, a broad-specificity abc-type transporter from erwinia chrysanthemi, mediates uptake of glycine betaine and choline with a high affinity. | the ability of erwinia chrysanthemi to cope with environments of elevated osmolality is due in part to the transport and accumulation of osmoprotectants. in this study we have identified a high-affinity glycine betaine and choline transport system in e. chrysanthemi. by using a pool of tn5-b21 ousa mutants, we isolated a mutant that could grow in the presence of a toxic analogue of glycine betaine (benzyl-glycine betaine) at high osmolalities. this mutant was impaired in its ability to transport ... | 2005 | 16000740 |
| shifts from glucose to certain secondary carbon-sources result in activation of the extracytoplasmic function sigma factor sigmae in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) elicits the starvation-stress response (ssr) due to starvation for an essential nutrient, e.g. a carbon/energy source (c-source). as part of the ssr, the alternative sigma factor sigma(e) is activated and induced. the authors suspect that this activation is, in part, triggered by changes in the s. typhimurium cell envelope occurring during the adaptation from growth to carbon/energy starvation (c-starvation), and resulting in an increased ... | 2005 | 16000727 |
| nosocomial outbreak of pediatric gastroenteritis caused by ctx-m-14-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing strains of salmonella enterica serovar london. | ctx-m-14-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase was first detected in salmonella enterica serovar london strains which were isolated from three hospitalized pediatric patients with gastroenteritis. the isolates had pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns identical to those of the previously isolated antimicrobial-susceptible strains from community-acquired gastroenteritis, suggesting the susceptible clone acquired the resistance. | 2005 | 16000495 |
| repeated occurrence of diverse extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in minor serotypes of food-borne salmonella enterica subsp. enterica. | screening of greek nontyphoid salmonellae from 2000 to 2002 yielded three extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing human isolates. salmonella enterica serotype brandenburg harbored a multiresistant shv-5 gene-carrying plasmid. s. enterica serotype blockley and s. enterica serotype hadar harbored a tem-52 gene-carrying plasmid. an s. enterica serotype virchow strain producing plasmid-mediated ctx-m-32 was isolated twice from poultry end products. all esbl plasmids were self-transferable ... | 2005 | 16000476 |
| development of a novel protein microarray method for serotyping salmonella enterica strains. | an antibody microarray assay was developed for salmonella serotyping based on the kauffmann-white scheme. a model (8 by 15) array was constructed using 35 antibodies for identification of 20 common salmonella serovars and evaluated using 117 target and 73 nontarget salmonella strains. the assay allowed complete serovar identification of 86 target strains and partial identification of 30 target strains and allowed exclusion of the 73 nontarget strains from the target serovars. | 2005 | 16000469 |
| ceftriaxone resistance of nontyphoidal salmonella enterica isolates in northern taiwan attributable to production of ctx-m-14 and cmy-2 beta-lactamases. | among 3,027 nontyphoidal salmonella enterica isolates identified between january 1999 and december 2002 in a medical center in northern taiwan, 31 were resistant to the extended-spectrum cephalosporin ceftriaxone (1.02% [31/3,027]), including 2 in 1999 (0.36% [2/549]), 13 in 2000 (1.49% [13/870]), 7 in 2001 (0.78% [7/893]), and 9 in 2002 (1.26% [9/715]). sixteen of these isolates belonged to salmonella serogroup b, nine belonged to serogroup c, four belonged to serogroup d, and two belonged to s ... | 2005 | 16000441 |
| extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in non-typhoidal salmonella spp. isolated in the uk are now a reality: why the late arrival? | in february 2004, we reported the first recognition of the presence of an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) in non-typhoidal salmonella spp. in the uk; the beta-lactamase was tem-52. six months later, an shv-derived esbl (shv-12) was detected in a salmonella strain isolated in york and 6 months after that we have just identified ctx-m-type beta-lactamases in scottish isolates of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium and salmonella virchow (unpublished results). a very rec ... | 2005 | 16000403 |
| the novel oral typhoid vaccine m01zh09 is well tolerated and highly immunogenic in 2 vaccine presentations. | m01zh09 (salmonella enterica serovar typhi [ty2 aroc(-) ssav(-)] zh9) is a live oral-dose typhoid vaccine candidate. m01zh09 was rationally modified with 2 independently attenuating mutations, including a novel mutation in salmonella pathogenicity island (spi)-2. we demonstrate that m01zh09, in a single oral dose, is well tolerated and prompts broad immune responses, regardless of whether prevaccination with a bicarbonate buffer is given. | 2005 | 15995948 |
| the genome of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum: distinct insertions/deletions and rare rearrangements. | salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum is a fowl-adapted pathogen, causing typhoid fever in chickens. it has the same antigenic formula (1,9,12:--:--) as s. enterica serovar pullorum, which is also adapted to fowl but causes pullorum disease (diarrhea). the close relatedness but distinct pathogeneses make this pair of fowl pathogens good models for studies of bacterial genomic evolution and the way these organisms acquired pathogenicity. to locate and characterize the genomic differences between ... | 2005 | 15995186 |
| oral administration of a live aro attenuated salmonella vaccine strain expressing 14-kda schistosoma mansoni fatty acid-binding protein induced partial protection against experimental schistosomiasis. | we report the oral vaccination of swiss mice with an aro attenuated salmonella enterica var. typhimurium vaccine strain expressing the 14-kda schistosoma mansoni antigen, sm14. bacterial adjuvants, including (i) lactococcus lactis expressing interleukin-12 (il-12) and (ii) lactobacillus delbrueckii ufv-h2b20, were also employed in oral immunization assays. detection assays to specific igg and iga anti-sm14 antibodies were performed to evaluate humoral immune responses in vaccinated mice. an incr ... | 2005 | 15993833 |
| genotypes and antibiotic resistance of salmonella newport isolates from u.s. market oysters. | the consumption of raw oysters contributes to food-borne diseases such as salmonellosis. prevalence studies in our laboratory have shown that salmonella spp. were present in 7.4% of u.s. market oysters, with the majority (78/101) of isolates being of the salmonella enterica newport serovar. e-tests were performed to assess the susceptibility of the s. newport oyster isolates to antibiotics used for treatment of salmonella infections. the oyster isolates were susceptible to gentamicin, trimethopr ... | 2005 | 15992305 |
| vertical and horizontal transmission of salmonella within integrated broiler production system. | salmonella remains one of the leading causes of food-borne illness in the united states, and many key questions regarding the introduction and persistence in animal production systems still remain. in order to understand the ecology of salmonella within an integrated commercial broiler production system, 289 salmonella enterica were recovered from two integrated poultry farms during the production and processing of seven consecutive flocks. the variety and prevalence of salmonella serotypes diff ... | 2005 | 15992303 |
| variable abattoir conditions affect salmonella enterica prevalence and meat quality in swine and pork. | research suggests that abattoir holding pens pose significant salmonella enterica risk to swine immediately preharvest. the goal of this study was to evaluate those factors related to holding that increased the prevalence of s. enterica in swine at slaughter. to accomplish this goal, we focused on holding time and flooring. our objectives were to (1) compare salmonella enterica prevalence among pigs held for short (15-45 min) versus long (up to 4 h) periods before slaughter; and (2) determine th ... | 2005 | 15992301 |
| the role of contaminated feed in the epidemiology and control of salmonella enterica in pork production. | food animal producers have ethical obligations to reduce the risk of foodborne hazards in animals under their care. contaminated feed is a recognized source of salmonella infection of food animals and regulations to control salmonella contamination of animal feed have existed in some countries for decades. the impact of reducing salmonella contamination of animal feeds on the risk of human foodborne salmonellosis is difficult to assess, and is likely to vary among food animal industries. in the ... | 2004 | 15992282 |
| pheno-genotyping of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis isolates identified in sicily during a reemergence period. | after an upward trend paralleling that occurring in most european countries, including italy, since october 2002 salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis (s. enteritidis) has again gained the first position among outbreak and sporadic human isolates of salmonella in sicily. because phage typing of s. enteritidis has many technical and epidemiological limitations and molecular methods have proved to be poorly discriminative for this organism, multiple typing, using phage typing together with puls ... | 2004 | 15992280 |
| persistence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium on lettuce and parsley and in soils on which they were grown in fields treated with contaminated manure composts or irrigation water. | there are many sources of pathogen contamination of vegetable crops in the field that include manure used as fertilizer and irrigation water. an avirulent strain of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium was added to three different types of composts-pm-5 (poultry manure compost), 338 (dairy manure compost), and nviro-4 (alkaline stabilized dairy manure compost)-and irrigation water at 10(7) colony forming units (cfu)/g and 10(5) cfu/ml, respectively, to determine under field conditions the per ... | 2004 | 15992259 |
| utility of pcr in diagnosing complicated cases of unusual clinical manifestations of salmonella enterica var. paratyphi a. | 2005 | 15989920 | |
| a novel galactooligosaccharide mixture increases the bifidobacterial population numbers in a continuous in vitro fermentation system and in the proximal colonic contents of pigs in vivo. | prebiotics are nondigestible food ingredients that encourage proliferation of selected groups of the colonic microflora, thereby altering the composition toward a more beneficial community. in the present study, the prebiotic potential of a novel galactooligosaccharide (gos) mixture, produced by the activity of galactosyltransferases from bifidobacterium bifidum 41171 on lactose, was assessed in vitro and in a parallel continuous randomized pig trial. in situ fluorescent hybridization with 16s r ... | 2005 | 15987856 |
| the salmonella effector pipb2 affects late endosome/lysosome distribution to mediate sif extension. | after internalization into mammalian cells, the bacterial pathogen salmonella enterica resides within a membrane-bound compartment, the salmonella-containing vacuole (scv). during its maturation process, the scv interacts extensively with host cell endocytic compartments, especially late endosomes/lysosomes (le/lys) at later stages. these interactions are mediated by the activities of multiple bacterial and host cell proteins. here, we show that the salmonella type iii effector pipb2 reorganizes ... | 2005 | 15987736 |
| investigation of ansb and sspa derived promoters for multi- and single-copy antigen expression in attenuated salmonella enterica var. typhimurium. | five candidate promoters were examined to determine their utility in directing immunogenic levels of expression of the c fragment from tetanus toxin in attenuated s. enterica used as an oral vaccine in mice. promoters derived from the genes encoding the stringent starvation protein (sspa) from e. coli and s. enterica, but not ansb derived promoters, expressed immunogenic levels of c fragment from multi-copy plasmids in attenuated s. enterica in vivo and, following oral immunization, induced high ... | 2005 | 15982791 |