Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| [differential affinity of pathogenic species of microorganisms for a set of lectins detectable by the sandwich method using fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc)]. | the qualitative differences in the affinity of concanavalin a (con a), wheat-germ agglutinin (wga) and phaseolus vulgaris lectin to the surface of 10 microbial strains inducing various diseases in humans and agricultural animals have been demonstrated by means of the indirect immunofluorescence tests. enterobacteria, coxiella burnetii and bacillus anthracis have been found to possess pronounced affinity to con a and wga, while rickettsia prowazekii, francisella tularensis and brucella abortus, a ... | 1985 | 3920844 |
| effects of anthrax toxin components on human neutrophils. | the virulence of bacillus anthracis has been attributed to a tripartite toxin composed of three proteins designated protective antigen, lethal factor, and edema factor. the effects of the toxin components on phagocytosis and chemiluminescence of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils were studied in vitro. initially, it was determined that the avirulent sterne strain of b. anthracis (radiation killed) required opsonization with either serum complement or antibodies against the sterne cell wall to b ... | 1985 | 3917427 |
| infectious diseases of the camel: viruses, bacteria and fungi. | 1985 | 3904917 | |
| koch's postulates in relation to the work of jacob henle and edwin klebs. | 1985 | 3903383 | |
| dual-parameter scatter-flow immunofluorescence analysis of bacillus spores. | using a commercial flow cytometer (cyto-fluorograf), narrow-forward-angle (nfa) light-scatter signals were detected for spore preparations of bacillus anthracis vollum, b. anthracis sterne, b. cereus nctc 8035, and b. subtilis var niger. in the flow immunofluorescence (fif) analysis of spores stained with fluorescein-conjugated hyperimmune antibody to b. anthracis vollum spores, fluorescence histograms could be acquired by selecting on nfa scatter. fluorescence data selected on ninety degree sca ... | 1985 | 3884295 |
| anthrax in lake rukwa valley, tanzania: a persistent problem. | an epidemic of 239 human cases of anthrax is reported in the rukwa valley area of tanzania. although the infecting source was meat from animals dying of the disease, no intestinal cases occurred. those infected were predominantly males between 15 and 35. the epidemic was seasonal, reaching a peak towards the end of the dry period when cattle were close grazing, and declining rapidly once the rains started and the grass began to grow. the increasing magnitude of annual epidemics suggests that the ... | 1985 | 3836310 |
| studies on anthrax in food animals and persons occupationally exposed to the zoonoses in eastern nigeria. | a total of 221 blood and 174 carcase swab samples obtained from food animals (cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and horses) slaughtered at urban and rural slaughter houses in nsukka area were studied. 51 blood samples and 180 samples of vesicle fluid were also collected from persons occupationally exposed (butchers/skinners, meat retailers, meat inspectors, veterinarians and tanners) to these animals and their products. all the samples were studied culturally and microscopically. confirmation of infect ... | 1985 | 3836213 |
| epizootiology of anthrax and nyasa wildebeest in the selous game reserve, tanzania. | 1987 | 3820425 | |
| us defence: biological war still a threat. | 1986 | 3785413 | |
| [use of mathematical theory in experiments evaluating the protective properties of antimicrobial preparations]. | mathematical design of multifactorial experiments in investigation of protective properties of antimicrobial drugs provided acceleration of preclinical study of new antimicrobial drugs, increasing its level and decreasing its size and cost. the advantage of the experiment mathematical design in investigation and estimation of protective properties of antimicrobial drugs was shown on a model of doxycycline chemotherapy of experimental anthracic infection caused by the vaccinal strain of the causa ... | 1986 | 3777891 |
| primary throat anthrax. a report of six cases. | 73 cases of anthrax were recorded by the health office in the sivas region in the last 4 years. this paper presents a rare and severe clinical form of anthrax displaying diagnostic difficulties. six women aged between 16-46 were diagnosed as having throat anthrax and treated in the infectious diseases department of cumhuriyet university. the lesions were localized on the tonsils in 5 cases and on the base of the tongue in 1 case. the main clinical features were sore throat, dysphagia, fever, reg ... | 1986 | 3775269 |
| [anthrax meningitis]. | anthrax meningitis may complicate cutaneous, inhalation, or gastrointestinal anthrax, although it occurs in less than 5% of patients. between 1935 and 1985 60 cases of human anthrax were notified in switzerland. this report of a fatal case in a 54-year-old woman is the third case of inhalation anthrax and the second of meningeal complication with cortical hemorrhages in our country. there was no known source of infection. the clinical, microbiological and histopathological profile, therapy and p ... | 1986 | 3764392 |
| anthrax in man and cattle in bangladesh. | the occurrence of anthrax in 62 cattle and 27 humans in pabna milk shed areas of bangladesh was recorded during 1980-84. there were 62 sick animals: 43 (69%) died, 14 (23%) recovered with penicillin treatment and only five (8%) were slaughtered in a moribund stage, for human consumption. all 27 people who developed malignant pustules were cured with penicillin treatment within 14 days. | 1986 | 3746993 |
| fulminant community-acquired infectious diseases: diagnostic problems. | the processes presented here do not represent an all-inclusive list of fulminant infectious diseases. some of the more common acute, overwhelming infections of the central nervous system and lungs are covered elsewhere in this issue. we have selected less common, potentially catastrophic syndromes that might be recognized earlier if certain historical clues, physical findings, or laboratory abnormalities are appreciated. specific and effective therapy is available for most of the diseases we hav ... | 1986 | 3736273 |
| [anthrax 1985 in graubünden]. | 1986 | 3726518 | |
| macrophages are sensitive to anthrax lethal toxin through an acid-dependent process. | anthrax lethal toxin, which consists of two proteins, protective antigen and lethal factor, is lethal for experimental animals. this study describes the first in vitro system demonstrating lethality of the toxin. mouse peritoneal macrophages are killed within 1 h of exposure to the toxin. neither protein component alone shows any toxic activity. the minimal effective concentration of protective antigen and lethal factor was approximately equal to 10(-2) and approximately equal to 10(-3) microgra ... | 1986 | 3711080 |
| control measures for anthrax-contaminated hides. | 1986 | 3698566 | |
| a case of cutaneous anthrax with toxaemic shock. | we describe a patient who presented with a necrotic black eschar 2 x 2 cm on the neck, extensive erythema around the lesion and massive oedema extending from the lesion to the umbilicus, and involving the whole face. severe toxaemia and shock developed. bacillus anthracis was isolated from the lesion. prednisolone and dopamine failed to reverse the shock. the patient recovered completely with penicillin therapy. | 1987 | 3689685 |
| cutaneous anthrax. | the case of a 9-year-old boy diagnosed and treated for cutaneous anthrax is presented. we discuss the clinical features and course of this disease, encountered today only rarely in less developed regions where humans are in contact with infected animals. | 1987 | 3621994 |
| non-anthrax bacillus infections in children. | 1987 | 3562146 | |
| familial occurrence of anthrax in eastern algeria. | 1987 | 3559284 | |
| [isolated fever and anthrax of the kidney]. | 1986 | 3544406 | |
| one century after louis pasteur's victory against rabies. | 1986 | 3521343 | |
| overwhelming pneumonia. | overwhelming pneumonia may be caused by a large number of different organisms in both immunocompetent and compromised hosts. in this article, the most common etiologies of overwhelming pneumonia are considered from an epidemiologic and clinical point of view. | 1986 | 3487011 |
| [sporadic cases of the cutaneous form of anthrax]. | 1987 | 3439108 | |
| human cutaneous anthrax--north carolina, 1987. | 1988 | 3415276 | |
| prevalence of anthrax in emergency slaughtered food animals in nigeria. | 1988 | 3407129 | |
| leads from the mmwr. human cutaneous anthrax--north carolina, 1987. | 1988 | 3392782 | |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to the protective antigen component of bacillus anthracis toxin. | thirty-six monoclonal antibodies to the protective antigen protein of bacillus anthracis exotoxin have been characterized for affinity, antibody subtype, competitive binding to antigenic regions, and ability to neutralize lethal and edema toxin activities. at least 23 antigenic regions were detected on protective antigen by a blocking, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. two clones, 3b6 and 14b7, competed for a single antigenic region and neutralized the activity of both the lethal toxin in vivo ... | 1988 | 3384478 |
| sverdlovsk: anthrax capital? | 1988 | 3358121 | |
| anthrax outbreak in soviet union due to natural causes? | 1988 | 3357530 | |
| [pasteur and koch, controversy but also mutual homage]. | 1987 | 3296116 | |
| the koch-pasteur dispute on establishing the cause of anthrax. | 1988 | 3285924 | |
| bacillus species of medical and veterinary importance. | 1988 | 3279213 | |
| [the expediency for active immunization of people against anthrax]. | 1988 | 3206958 | |
| [sporulation in the causative agent of anthrax under model soil conditions]. | 1988 | 3150516 | |
| nucleotide sequence of the bacillus anthracis edema factor gene (cya): a calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase. | the nucleotide sequence of the bacillus anthracis edema factor (ef) gene (cya), which encodes a calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase, has been determined. ef is part of the tripartite protein exotoxin of b. anthracis. an atg start codon, immediately upstream from codons which specify the first 15 amino acids (aa) of ef, was preceded by an aaaggaggt sequence which is its probable ribosome-binding site. starting at this atg codon, there was a continuous 2400-bp open reading frame which encodes t ... | 1988 | 3149607 |
| comparative safety and efficacy against bacillus anthracis of protective antigen and live vaccines in mice. | the efficacy and mechanisms of protection of two live vaccines and of a protective antigen (pa) vaccine against bacillus anthracis were studied in inbred mice. mice that differed in their natural resistance to killing by sterne, a non-encapsulated, toxigenic vaccine strain of b. anthracis, were used. vaccination with live sterne spores protected sterne-resistant mice against challenge with the virulent vollum 1b (v1b) strain of b. anthracis, but only at doses of sterne greater than or equal to 0 ... | 1988 | 3148815 |
| primary anthrax presenting as an injection "abscess". | 1988 | 3148549 | |
| sequence and analysis of the dna encoding protective antigen of bacillus anthracis. | the nucleotide sequence of the protective antigen (pa) gene from bacillus anthracis and the 5' and 3' flanking sequences were determined. pa is one of three proteins comprising anthrax toxin; and its nucleotide sequence is the first to be reported from b. anthracis. the open reading frame (orf) is 2319 bp long, of which 2205 bp encode the 735 amino acids of the secreted protein. this region is preceded by 29 codons, which appear to encode a signal peptide having characteristics in common with th ... | 1988 | 3148491 |
| production and purification of anthrax toxin. | 1988 | 3148094 | |
| [effect of anthrax toxin on the chemiluminescence of human leukocytes]. | the effect of substrate containing crude anthrax toxin on the phagocytosing leukocyte chemiluminescence has been studied. preliminary toxin incubation with leukocytes for 60 min blocks cell chemiluminescence in the linear ratio effect concentration in the protein component of the toxin; the minimum concentration of the toxin protein component inhibiting the phagocytosing leukocyte luminescence is 3-5 micrograms per 5 x 10(5) cells. the substrate pure mixture of the oedema factor and protective a ... | 1988 | 3146991 |
| serological studies of patients with cutaneous and oral-oropharyngeal anthrax from northern thailand. | an outbreak of 52 cases of cutaneous anthrax and 24 cases of oral-oropharyngeal anthrax occurred in rural northern thailand in 1982, caused by contaminated water buffalo meat. microbiologic diagnosis of many of these cases was hindered by delayed presentation for care and by prior antibiotic therapy. in a retrospective investigation, we used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to measure antibody titers to components of anthrax edema toxin (edema factor [ef] and protective antigen [pa]), lethal t ... | 1988 | 3144920 |
| separation of three exotoxic factors of bacillus anthracis by sequential immunosorbent chromatography. | protective antigen and lethal factor components were isolated directly from crude culture supernatant of bacillus anthracis by sequential immunosorbent chromatography using immobilized monoclonal antibodies (mab) against the respective toxins. the immunological activity of protective antigen, lethal factor and edema factor were purified by 1.2-, 6.3- and 2.3-fold, respectively, with recoveries of 63, 70 and 46%, respectively. all three components retained biological activity when combined to for ... | 1988 | 3144059 |
| pathogenesis and genetic control of resistance to the sterne strain of bacillus anthracis. | the pathogenesis of lethal infection by the nonecapsulated, toxigenic sterne strain of bacillus anthracis and the genetic basis of resistance were characterized in mice. lethal doses of sterne spores produced disease in susceptible mice similar to that caused by toxigenic and encapsulated b. anthracis. at the inoculation site, the mice developed an edematous exudate with large concentrations of bacilli and toxin. in the susceptible a/j strain, lethal infection was accompanied by systemic invasio ... | 1988 | 3143893 |
| antibodies to anthrax toxin in humans and guinea pigs and their relevance to protective immunity. | a forerunning study on the relationship between antibodies to the protective antigen (pa) and lethal factor (lf) components of anthrax toxin and protective immunity has been expanded and extended to include the third toxin component, the edema factor (ef). it was found that protection against the "vaccine resistant" ames strain was possible in the absence of detectable anti-lf and anti-ef antibodies. evidence is given that pa may be the essential anthrax-derived antigen for protection, but that ... | 1988 | 3139974 |
| bacillus species. | 1988 | 3139745 | |
| purification of anthrax-toxin components by high-performance anion-exchange, gel-filtration and hydrophobic-interaction chromatography. | a procedure has been developed for purification of the tripartite anthrax-toxin components. this involves sequential high-performance anion-exchange, gel-filtration and hydrophobic-interaction chromatography. from an initial culture volume of 15 litres, typical yields of 8 mg of protective antigen, 13 mg of lethal factor and 7 mg of oedema factor are produced to higher degrees of purity than have previously been achieved by conventional chromatographic techniques. | 1988 | 3138975 |
| human cutaneous anthrax--north carolina, 1987. | 1988 | 3132606 | |
| [purification and characteristics of a protective factor from bacillus anthracis toxin]. | it was found that during filtration of a sterile toxic cultural supernatant (tcs) obtained by 24 hour cultivation of the vaccinal strain through a column packed with porous glass or silochrome not only oedematic (of) and lethal (lf), but also protective (pf) factors of toxin are adsorbed on the column. elution of adsorbed antigens allowed for rapid concentration and purification of biologically active components of toxin from large volumes of tcs under conditions of limited proteolysis. the expe ... | 1988 | 3130898 |
| recent advances in the development of an improved, human anthrax vaccine. | human anthrax vaccines currently licensed in the united states and western europe consist of alum-precipitated or aluminum hydroxide-adsorbed supernatant material from fermentor cultures of toxigenic, nonencapsulated strains of bacillus anthracis. these vaccines have several drawbacks, including the need for frequent boosters, the apparent inability to protect adequately against certain strains of b. anthracis, and occasional local reactogenicity. studies are being undertaken to develop an impro ... | 1988 | 3128450 |
| [etiology and incidence of soil-borne infection in madagascar--evaluation of a 10-year research effort (1976-1986)]. | 1988 | 3128441 | |
| [fatty acid composition of bacillus anthracis and other soil-dwelling bacilli]. | 1988 | 3127449 | |
| investigation of spore surface antigens in the genus bacillus by the use of polyclonal antibodies in immunofluorescence tests. | fluorescein-conjugated rabbit antibodies to formalized spores of bacillus anthracis were tested against strains of b. anthracis and other bacillus species in a subjective immunofluorescence test. the lack of reaction of b. anthracis vollum spores with conjugated antibody raised against b. anthracis sterne spores indicated that spores of the vollum strain lacked a major surface antigen present in most of the other anthrax strains tested, including the non-encapsulated strains sterne and the sovie ... | 1988 | 3127370 |
| anthrax vaccines. | 1988 | 3127367 | |
| [pasteur and anti-anthrax vaccination: historical and critical analysis]. | 1987 | 3126534 | |
| immunological analysis of cell-associated antigens of bacillus anthracis. | sera from hartley guinea pigs vaccinated with a veterinary live spore anthrax vaccine were compared with sera from guinea pigs vaccinated with the human anthrax vaccine, which consists of aluminum hydroxide-adsorbed culture proteins of bacillus anthracis v770-np-1r. sera from animals vaccinated with the spore vaccine recognized two major b. anthracis vegetative cell-associated proteins that were either not recognized or poorly recognized by sera from animals that received the human vaccine. thes ... | 1988 | 3123387 |
| purification and physical analysis of bacillus anthracis plasmids pxo1 and pxo2. | virulent strains of bacillus anthracis contain two large plasmids. pxo1 encodes the three component protein exotoxin and pxo2 is necessary for synthesis of the poly-d-glutamic acid capsule. a procedure for the isolation of these plasmids which yields high quantities of pure dna is described. restriction endonuclease analysis of these plasmids shows that they are not related. pxo1 is 174 kilobase pairs and pxo2 is 95 kilobase pairs. from their bouyant densities and melting temperatures we also de ... | 1987 | 3122734 |
| [effect of ph on the fatty acid composition of the cellular lipids of the causative agent of anthrax]. | 1987 | 3119684 | |
| vaccination-related anthrax in three llamas. | two llama calves died 3 days after inoculation with anthrax vaccine. concurrent administration of ivermectin and other biologics may have enhanced the infectivity of the sterne strain vaccine of bacillus anthracis. this experience suggests that the sterne strain of anthrax vaccine can induce fatal disease when given to young llamas and should be used only with extreme care and in face of strong "at risk" situations. | 1987 | 3119528 |
| identification of self-transmissible plasmids in four bacillus thuringiensis subspecies. | the transfer of plasmids by mating from four bacillus thuringiensis subspecies to bacillus anthracis and bacillus cereus recipients was monitored by selecting transcipients which acquired plasmid pbc16 (tcr). transcipients also inherited a specific large plasmid from each b. thuringiensis donor at a high frequency along with a random array of smaller plasmids. the large plasmids (ca. 50 to 120 megadaltons), pxo13, pxo14, pxo15, and pxo16, originating from b. thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni, b. th ... | 1987 | 3117773 |
| direct and indirect immunofluorescence analysis of bacterial populations by flow cytometry. | bacillus anthracis spores and escherichia coli were stained with fluorescein-conjugated antibody using direct and indirect methods, then analyzed by means of a commercial flow cytometer. to reduce the cytometer's fluorescence component resulting from unreacted conjugate, reaction mixtures were either diluted or were centrifuged through a sucrose solution using a moving zone technique. evidence is produced that the fluorescence statistics for centrifuged samples closely represent the fluorescence ... | 1987 | 3112240 |
| mechanical transmission of bacillus anthracis by stable flies (stomoxys calcitrans) and mosquitoes (aedes aegypti and aedes taeniorhynchus). | we evaluated the potential of stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans, and two species of mosquitoes, aedes aegypti and aedes taeniorhynchus, to transmit bacillus anthracis vollum 1b mechanically. after probing on hartley guinea pigs with a bacteremia of ca. 10(8.6) cfu of b. anthracis per ml of blood, individual or pools of two to four stable flies or mosquitoes were allowed to continue feeding on either uninfected guinea pigs or a/j mice. all three insect species transmitted lethal anthrax infection ... | 1987 | 3112013 |
| factors affecting the germination of spores of bacillus anthracis. | spores of bacillus anthracis germinated poorly at high cell densities unless the alanine racemase inhibitor o-carbamyl-d-serine was added to the germination medium. spores derived from a variety of strains of b. anthracis germinated optimally at 22 degrees c. no correlation was found between rate of spore germination and virulence or between susceptibility of animal species to anthrax and spore germination rate using sera from those animals as the germination medium. | 1987 | 3110118 |
| [quantitative evaluation of a population of immunocompetent cells having a receptor for the anthrax protective antigen]. | studies of the number of immunocompetent cells with receptors to anthrax protective antigen in the blood of hamadryas baboons infected with bacillus anthracis carried out by the rosette-formation technique have shown a statistically significant increase in the number of these cells in the animals as early as 12 hrs after their infection. | 1987 | 3107286 |
| serious infections caused by bacillus species. | thirty-eight patients with serious infections caused by organisms belonging to the genus bacillus are described. our experience, and that reported in the literature, indicates that, in most cases, isolated bacillus bacteremia is not a particularly serious disease. therefore, under most circumstances, empiric antibiotic therapy designed specifically for treatment of bacillus is probably not necessary. endocarditis can occur, but apparently follows bacteremia only infrequently. when these bacteria ... | 1987 | 3106749 |
| [methodological characteristics of the use of the immunofluorescence method for the rapid determination of the sensitivity of the anthrax microbe to antibiotics]. | an immunofluorescent method for rapid assay of antibiotic sensitivity of bacillus anthracis was tested with the use of virulent strains. it was shown that the immunofluorescent method was applicable for assay of antibiotic sensitivity of bacillus anthracis immediately upon inoculation of the native matter: soil samples and other materials. comparison of the results obtained with the method of serial dilutions and the immunofluorescent method showed that the levels of the bacillus anthracis sensi ... | 1987 | 3105434 |
| immunizing activity of oil adjuvant attenuated spore vaccine of bacillus anthracis in sheep. | 1986 | 3096031 | |
| [hereditary resistance to anthrax and sensitivity to the anthrax toxin in mice]. | the degree of the hereditary susceptibility of mice to anthrax caused by noncapsular and capsule-forming bacillus anthracis strains has been found to be directly related to the sensitivity of the animals to the edematogenic and immunosuppressing action of anthrax toxin. the genetic analysis indicates that resistance to anthrax is probably controlled by a dominant gene, not linked with histocompatibility complex h-2 and, probably, unrelated to the presence of hemolytic activity in mouse sera, det ... | 1986 | 3088874 |
| induced release of bacillus spores from sporangia by sodium sulphate. | incubation of sporulating cultures of bacillus anthracis, b. cereus, b. subtilis and b. thuringiensis in 1.0 mol/l sodium sulphate markedly increased the release of free spores from sporangia. it is postulated that the release of spores is due to activation of latent autolysins which hydrolyse sporangial cell walls. sodium sulphate-induced lysis of sporangia represents a novel and highly effective method for the recovery of spores from cultures of bacillus species. | 1986 | 3087932 |
| [in vitro amino acid requirements of bacillus anthracis cells]. | in the process of batch cultivation in a synthetic medium b. anthracis cells actively consume free amino acids. the maximum amino acid consumption per unit of biomass occurs at the exponential phase of growth, but the consumption of serine is maintained at a high level also during the stationary phase. at the same time the consumption of proline by both vaccine and virulent strains is insignificant at the stationary phase of growth. in contrast to b. anthracis virulent strains, vaccine strains h ... | 1986 | 3087120 |
| virulence and immunogenicity in experimental animals of bacillus anthracis strains harbouring or lacking 110 mda and 60 mda plasmids. | a comparative study was made of the virulence and immunogenicity in mice or guinea pigs of bacillus anthracis strains harbouring 110 mda and/or 60 mda plasmids. strains cured of the 110 mda or the 60 mda plasmid were more than 100-fold less virulent to mice than were the parental strains harbouring these plasmids. guinea-pigs immunized with plasmid-free derivatives of the non-encapsulated vaccine strain 34f2 showed no resistance to challenge with strain 17jb, which harbours both 110 mda and 60 m ... | 1986 | 3086499 |
| purification of bacillus anthracis lethal factor by immunosorbent chromatography. | lethal factor from b. anthracis (vollum 1b strain) has been purified 1130-fold by immunosorbent chromatography using a mouse anti-lethal factor monoclonal antibody sepharose-4b column. the antibody was covalently attached to cnbr activated sepharose-4b. lethal factor bound at ph 7 (0.05 m sodium phosphate buffer) and was eluted with buffer containing 4 m nascn with 77% recovery of the immunological activity. pre-elution with 4 m nacl was effective in eluting non-biospecifically bound proteins. m ... | 1986 | 3085293 |
| comparative efficacy of bacillus anthracis live spore vaccine and protective antigen vaccine against anthrax in the guinea pig. | several strains of bacillus anthracis have been reported previously to cause fatal infection in immunized guinea pigs. in this study, guinea pigs were immunized with either a protective antigen vaccine or a live sterne strain spore vaccine, then challenged with virulent b. anthracis strains isolated from various host species from the united states and foreign sources. confirmation of previously reported studies (which used only protective antigen vaccines) was made with the identification of 9 o ... | 1986 | 3084385 |
| immunization studies with attenuated strains of bacillus anthracis. | live, attenuated strains of bacillus anthracis lacking either the capsule plasmid pxo2, the toxin plasmid pxo1, or both were tested for their efficacy as vaccines against intravenous challenge with anthrax toxin in fischer 344 rats and against aerosol or intramuscular challenge with virulent anthrax spores in hartley guinea pigs. animals immunized with toxigenic, nonencapsulated (pxo1+, pxo2-) strains survived toxin and spore challenge and demonstrated postimmunization antibody titers to the thr ... | 1986 | 3084383 |
| development of antibodies to protective antigen and lethal factor components of anthrax toxin in humans and guinea pigs and their relevance to protective immunity. | a competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to detect antibodies in serum to the protective antigen (pa) and lethal factor (lf) components of anthrax toxin. current human vaccination schedules with an acellular vaccine induce predictable and lasting antibody titers to pa and, when present in the vaccine, to lf. live spore vaccine administered to guinea pigs in a single dose conferred significantly better protection than the human vaccines (p less than 0.001), ... | 1986 | 3084381 |
| treatment of anthrax in man: history and current concepts. | 1986 | 3083296 | |
| differences in susceptibility of inbred mice to bacillus anthracis. | animal species differ in their resistance both to infection by bacillus anthracis and to anthrax toxin. a mouse model was developed to study the basis of the host differences and the pathogenesis of infection. when mice were infected with the virulent b. anthracis strain vollum 1b, low 50% lethal dose (ld50) values (5 to 30 spores) were found for all 10 strains of inbred mice tested. however, analysis of time-to-death data revealed significant differences among the strains, which could be divide ... | 1986 | 3081444 |
| pleural effusions in the atypical pneumonias. | patients with atypical pneumonias, whether caused by bacterial, fungi, or viruses are associated with pleural effusions. the effusions generally are small and ipsilateral to the parenchymal infiltrate. usually, the pleural fluid is a serous exudate with a predominance of mononuclear cells. the pleural fluid glucose and, presumably, the pleural fluid ph are not low. the etiologic organism has been isolated from pleural fluid but usually is not necessary to establish the diagnosis. pleural biopsy ... | 1988 | 3062725 |
| [chronic furunculosis]. | 1988 | 3059950 | |
| anthrax toxin blocks priming of neutrophils by lipopolysaccharide and by muramyl dipeptide. | we studied the pretreatment of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmn) with purified preparations of the anthrax toxin components--protective antigen (pa), edema factor (ef), and lethal factor (lf)--and their effects on release of superoxide anion (o-2) after stimulation with the chemotactic peptide n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fmlp). pmn isolated in the absence of lipopolysaccharide (lps) (less than 0.1 ng/ml) released only small amounts of o-2 after fmlp stimulation; pretreatment ... | 1986 | 3021891 |
| cloning and expression of the bacillus anthracis protective antigen gene in bacillus subtilis. | the gene encoding the protective antigen (pa) moiety of the tripartite exotoxin of bacillus anthracis was cloned from the recombinant plasmid pse36 into bacillus subtilis 1s53 by using the plasmid vector pub110. two clones, designated pa1 and pa2, were identified which produced pa in liquid cultures at levels of 20.5 to 41.9 micrograms/ml. this pa was identical to b. anthracis sterne pa with respect to migration on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels and to western blot antigenic reactivi ... | 1986 | 3021632 |
| molecular cloning and expression in escherichia coli of the lethal factor gene of bacillus anthracis. | we have cloned and expressed in escherichia coli the lethal factor (lf) gene of bacillus anthracis. at least two of the six lf recombinant plasmids produce full-length lf protein. transcription of the lf gene in e. coli appears to be under the control of its own b. anthracis promoter. recombinant lf protein produced in e. coli remains intracellular and is not secreted. however, this lf protein is biochemically active and displays the same lethal effects as lf secreted by b. anthracis in the mous ... | 1986 | 3021591 |
| [vaccination of animals and human health]. | prophylactic immunization of animals against obligat and nonobligat pathogenic zoonoses benefit human health in many ways both directly and indirectly. typical examples of a direct protective effect are the vaccinations of dogs, cats and foxes against rabies as well as the vaccinations against respiratory diseases in cows, horses, dogs and cats to which the most varied species of pathogens of noncompulsory zoonoses contribute. a considerable contribution to the protection of human health is made ... | 1985 | 2986381 |
| anthrax toxin components stimulate chemotaxis of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. | effects of the three-component toxin of bacillus anthracis on chemotaxis of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) were investigated in an effort to determine the basis of the reported antiphagocytic effect of the toxin. the three toxin components, edema factor (ef), protective antigen (pa), and lethal factor (lf), were tested alone and in various combinations for their effect on pmn chemotaxis under agarose to formyl peptides and zymosan-activated serum. no component was active alone; combina ... | 1985 | 2986152 |
| [appearance of human anthrax in ivory coast forests]. | eight cases of human anthrax were reported in 1983 from ivory coast republic, all of them in the tropical forest belt (7 degrees 30' n). clinical forms were: cephalic cutaneous (4 cases), intestinal (1 case) and very likely neurological (3 cases). human disease was correlated to epizootic anthrax occuring in sheeps and goats within this area. bacteriological cultures of animal material confirmed the diagnosis. this report of human anthrax is the second one coming from ivory coast republic but th ... | 1985 | 2985910 |
| association of the encapsulation of bacillus anthracis with a 60 megadalton plasmid. | virulent typical strains (shikan, morioka, shizuoka) and pasteur vaccine strains (no. 1, no. 2-h, no. 2-17jb) of bacillus anthracis harboured two plasmid species with molecular masses of 110 mdal and 60 mdal. all of the 110 mdal plasmids isolated from the various strains showed indistinguishable patterns of digestion with restriction endonucleases. all the 60 mdal plasmids were also indistinguishable. strain davis, which is encapsulated but is asporogenous and avirulent, harboured only the 60 md ... | 1985 | 2984311 |
| mosquito inoculation: an alternative bioassay for toxins. | mosquitoes were evaluated as a bioassay host for several classes of biological toxins. mosquitoes were sensitive to snake toxic or neurotoxic phospholipase a2 enzymes (but not to nontoxic phospholipase a2 enzymes), cobrotoxin, saxitoxin, microcystin and the scorpion insect sodium channel toxin. mosquitoes were not sensitive to ricin, diphtheria toxin, anthrax toxin, botulinum toxin, tetanus toxin, conotoxin g or a scorpion sodium channel toxin toxic to mammals. specific antisera neutralization t ... | 1988 | 2907687 |
| structural homology between virulence-associated bacterial adenylate cyclases. | the primary structure of the calmodulin-sensitive adenylate cyclase toxin from bacillus anthracis has been determined from the corresponding nucleotide sequence and compared to that of the homologous toxin secreted by bordetella pertussis. the cya gene of bacillus anthracis encodes an 800 amino acid (aa) protein beginning with an n-terminal signal peptide. the central part of the b. anthracis adenylate cyclase includes a region of striking homology with the n-terminal part of the b. pertussis en ... | 1988 | 2906312 |
| the effect of carbohydrates on the sporogenesis of clostridium perfringens and bacillus anthracis. | the authors studied the effect of a number of carbohydrates on the sporogenesis of clostridium perfringens and bacillus anthracis (vaccine strain sti) as probable soil factors capable of influencing the duration of survival of these causative agents in the external environment. differences in the effect of the same sugars on the formation of spores by these microorganisms and clearly expressed sporogenesis-inhibiting effect of glucose (and also of lactose in clostridia) have been demonstrated. t ... | 1988 | 2906076 |
| relationships between the calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclases produced by bacillus anthracis and bordetella pertussis. | the nucleotide sequences for the calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclases produced by bordetella pertussis and bacillus anthracis have recently been determined. the gc% for the b. pertussis and b. anthracis cyclase genes are about 65% and 29%, respectively. despite this difference in nucleotide composition, these cyclases possess three highly conserved amino acid domains and share some nucleotide sequence homology. one of these conserved domains appears to be involved in atp binding and is relate ... | 1988 | 2905126 |
| inhibitors of receptor-mediated endocytosis block the entry of bacillus anthracis adenylate cyclase toxin but not that of bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin. | bordetella pertussis and bacillus anthracis produce extracytoplasmic adenylate cyclase toxins (ac toxins) with shared features including activation by calmodulin and the ability to enter target cells and catalyze intracellular cyclic amp (camp) production from host atp. the two ac toxins were evaluated for sensitivities to a series of inhibitors of known uptake mechanisms. cytochalasin d, an inhibitor of microfilament function, abrogated the camp response to b. anthracis ac toxin (93%) but not t ... | 1988 | 2895741 |
| mechanisms of bacterial pathogenicity that involve production of calmodulin-sensitive adenylate cyclases. | 1987 | 2882409 | |
| [sporulation of clostridium perfringens and bacilli (the vaccinal strain sti) depending on the mineral composition of the medium]. | 1985 | 2868028 | |
| [the saprophytic phase in the ecology of the causative agents of infectious diseases]. | 1985 | 2863907 | |
| cloning and expression of the calmodulin-sensitive bacillus anthracis adenylate cyclase in escherichia coli. | the adenylate cyclase gene of bacillus anthracis, encoding the edema factor, a component of anthrax toxin, has been cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. clones were selected by their capacity to complement the cyclase deficiency (cya-) of an e. coli strain expressing the eukaryotic protein calmodulin, an essential activator of b. anthracis adenylate cyclase. the protein expressed in e. coli was shown to exhibit adenylate cyclase activity only in the presence of calmodulin. experiments using ... | 1988 | 2841199 |
| molecular cloning and expression of the bacillus anthracis edema factor toxin gene: a calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase. | the bacillus anthracis exotoxin is composed of a lethal factor, a protective antigen, and an edema factor (ef). ef is a calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase which elevates cyclic amp levels within cells. the entire ef gene (cya) has been cloned in escherichia coli, but ef gene expression by its own b. anthracis promoter could not be detected in e. coli. however, when the ef gene was placed downstream from the lac or the t7 promoter, enzymatically active ef was produced. the ef gene, like the p ... | 1988 | 2834337 |
| lipopolysaccharide releases a priming substance from platelets that augments the oxidative response of polymorphonuclear neutrophils to chemotactic peptide. | human neutrophils produce small amounts of o2- when stimulated with the chemotactic peptide f-met-leu-phe; preincubating neutrophils with low concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (lps) markedly increases this response, an effect referred to as priming. neutrophil suspensions without mononuclear cells and platelets were insusceptible to priming by 10 ng of lps; susceptibility was restored by reintroducing platelets, approximately five platelets per neutrophil. incubation of platelets with 10 ng o ... | 1988 | 2831285 |
| restriction map of a capsule plasmid of bacillus anthracis. | the capsule plasmid pte702 of bacillus anthracis has been physically mapped with the restriction endonucleases hindiii, psti, bamhi, sali, and xhoi. a hindiii fragment map of pte702 (96.5 kb) was obtained by analysis of the recombinant plasmids and cosmids containing overlapping fragments partially digested with hindiii. the physical map for psti, bamhi, sali, and xhoi was obtained by double digestion mapping of these sites in relation to the hindiii sites. the replication region of pte702 was d ... | 1987 | 2829256 |
| transposon tn916 mutagenesis in bacillus anthracis. | mutagenesis of bacillus anthracis by the streptococcal tetracycline resistance transposon tn916 is described. tn916 was transferred from streptococcus faecalis ds16c1 to b. anthracis vnr-1 by conjugation in a standard filter mating procedure. tetracycline-resistant (tcr) transconjugants were obtained at a frequency of 1.6 x 10(-8) per donor cfu. when donor and recipient cells were treated with nafcillin before conjugation, the frequency was increased nearly 10-fold. nafcillin pretreatment of don ... | 1988 | 2826334 |