Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| detection of a bla(shv) extended-spectrum {beta}-lactamase in salmonella enterica serovar newport mdr-ampc. | salmonella enterica serovar newport mdr-ampc expressing tem-1b and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase shv-12 was isolated from affected animals during an outbreak of salmonellosis that led to a 3-month closure of one of the largest equine hospitals in the united states. | 2005 | 16272522 |
| new quinolone resistance phenomenon in salmonella enterica: nalidixic acid-susceptible isolates with reduced fluoroquinolone susceptibility. | we describe the emergence of a new quinolone resistance pattern in salmonella enterica isolates from southeast asia. these isolates are susceptible to nalidixic acid but exhibit reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. the increase of such strains may threaten the value of the nalidixic acid disk test to screen for reduced fluoroquinolone susceptibility in salmonellas. | 2005 | 16272517 |
| use of biochemical kinetic data to determine strain relatedness among salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolates. | classical biotyping characterizes strains by creating biotype profiles that consider only positive and negative results for a predefined set of biochemical tests. this method allows salmonella subspecies to be distinguished but does not allow serotypes and phage types to be distinguished. the objective of this study was to determine the relatedness of isolates belonging to distinct salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotypes by using a refined biotyping process that considers the kinetics at w ... | 2005 | 16272463 |
| acetate excretion during growth of salmonella enterica on ethanolamine requires phosphotransacetylase (eutd) activity, and acetate recapture requires acetyl-coa synthetase (acs) and phosphotransacetylase (pta) activities. | this report shows that salmonella enterica catabolizes ethanolamine to acetyl-coa (ac-coa), which enters the glyoxylate bypass and tricarboxylic acid cycle for the generation of energy and central metabolites. during growth on ethanolamine, s. enterica excreted acetate, whose recapture depended on ac-coa synthetase (acs) and the housekeeping phosphotransacetylase (pta) enzyme activities. the pta enzyme did not play a role in acetate excretion during growth of s. enterica on ethanolamine. it is p ... | 2005 | 16272400 |
| peptidoglycan degradation by specialized lytic transglycosylases associated with type iii and type iv secretion systems. | specialized lytic transglycosylases are muramidases capable of locally degrading the peptidoglycan meshwork of gram-negative bacteria. specialized lytic transglycosylase genes are present in clusters encoding diverse macromolecular transport systems. this paper reports the analysis of selected members of the specialized lytic transglycosylase family from type iii and type iv secretion systems. these proteins were analysed in vivo by assaying their ability to complement the dna transfer defect of ... | 2005 | 16272370 |
| typhoid and paratyphoid fever. | 2005 | 16271634 | |
| capsular polysaccharide surrounds smooth and rugose types of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104. | the biofilms and rugose colony morphology of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains are usually associated with at least two different exopolymeric substances (eps), curli and cellulose. in this study, another eps, a capsular polysaccharide (cp) synthesized constitutively in s. enterica serovar typhimurium strain dt104 at 25 and 37 degrees c, has been recognized as a biofilm matrix component as well. fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (face) analysis indicated that the cp ... | 2005 | 16269777 |
| development of a rapid method for simultaneous recovery of diverse microbes in drinking water by ultrafiltration with sodium polyphosphate and surfactants. | the ability to simultaneously concentrate diverse microbes is an important consideration for sample collection methods that are used for emergency response and environmental monitoring when drinking water may be contaminated with an array of unknown microbes. this study focused on developing a concentration method using ultrafilters and different combinations of a chemical dispersant (sodium polyphosphate [napp]) and surfactants. tap water samples were seeded with bacteriophage ms2, escherichia ... | 2005 | 16269722 |
| detection of salmonella enterica in naturally contaminated liquid eggs by loop-mediated isothermal amplification, and characterization of salmonella isolates. | loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay was effective in detecting salmonella enterica in naturally contaminated liquid egg samples. salmonella was detected in 110 samples taken from four egg-breaking plants. the egg samples were pre-enriched in buffered peptone water (bpw) at 37 degrees c for 20 h. the selective enrichment was done in rappaport-vassiliadis or tetrathionate broth and plated onto xylose lysine deoxycholate agar and brilliant green agar, modified. in addition, the pcr ... | 2005 | 16269703 |
| cora affects tolerance of escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to the lactoperoxidase enzyme system but not to other forms of oxidative stress. | the enzyme lactoperoxidase is part of the innate immune system in vertebrates and owes its antimicrobial activity to the formation of oxidative reaction products from various substrates. in a previous study, we have reported that, with thiocyanate as a substrate, the lactoperoxidase system elicits a distinct stress response in escherichia coli mg1655. this response is different from but partly overlapping with the stress responses to hydrogen peroxide and to superoxide. in the current work, we c ... | 2005 | 16269676 |
| functional selection of a type iv pili-binding peptide that specifically inhibits salmonella typhi adhesion to/invasion of human monocytic cells. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) is an important pathogen which infects humans exclusively and causes typhoid or enteric fever. recently it has been discovered that type ivb pili, encoded by the s. typhi pil operon located in the major pathogenicity island, may be important in the pathogenesis of epidemic enteric fever. to further investigate the roles of type ivb pili of s. typhi, a 12-mer peptide (rqersslskpvv), binding to the structural protein pils of the type ivb pili of s. typh ... | 2005 | 16269342 |
| kinetic analysis of the antibacterial activity of probiotic lactobacilli towards salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium reveals a role for lactic acid and other inhibitory compounds. | six lactobacillus strains including commercial probiotic ones (l. acidophilus ibb 801, l. amylovorus dce 471, l. casei shirota, l. johnsonii la1, l. plantarum aca-dc 287 and l. rhamnosus gg) were investigated, through batch fermentations under controlled conditions, for their capacity to inhibit salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium sl1344. all lactobacilli displayed strong antibacterial activity toward this gram-negative pathogen and significantly inhibited invasion of the pathogen into cultu ... | 2006 | 16266797 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of pscv50, the virulence plasmid of salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis sc-b67. | we carried out comparative analysis on the sequences of two 50-kb virulence plasmids of salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis strains sc-b67 (pscv50) and rf-1 (pkdsc50). the two plasmids share over 99% sequence similarity. ninety-two nucleotide variations at 42 sites were detected between the two plasmids; pscv50 contains 24 nucleotide substitutions, 6 deletions, and 62 insertions, compared to pkdsc50. two regions in pscv50 appeared to be more susceptible to changes: one is the non-virulence- ... | 2006 | 16257053 |
| isolation, phage typing and antibiogram of salmonella from man and animals in northeastern india. | salmonella is an important zoonotic pathogen and its prevalence in the animals acts as a continuous threat to man. the present study was carried out to report the isolation along with the serotypes, phage types and antibiogram pattern of salmonella among man, livestock and poultry in the northeastern india. | 2005 | 16251781 |
| visualization of vacuolar acidification-induced transcription of genes of pathogens inside macrophages. | the objective of these studies was to analyze the role of the ionic environment of phagosomal vacuoles in the control of pathogens by macrophages. digital imaging and flow cytometry were used to follow the induction of the phop promoter of salmonella enterica typhimurium within live macrophages. manipulating the mg2+ concentration within the salmonella-containing vacuole (scv) was without effect on the early induction of phopq. moreover, direct measurement of [mg2+] within the scv using nanosens ... | 2006 | 16251362 |
| dna sequence and comparative genomics of papec-o2-r, an avian pathogenic escherichia coli transmissible r plasmid. | in this study, a 101-kb incf plasmid from an avian pathogenic escherichia coli (apec) strain (apec o2) was sequenced and analyzed, providing the first completed apec plasmid sequence. this plasmid, papec-o2-r, has functional transfer and antimicrobial resistance-encoding regions. the resistance-encoding region encodes resistance to eight groups of antimicrobial agents, including silver and other heavy metals, quaternary ammonium compounds, tetracycline, sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, trimethopri ... | 2005 | 16251312 |
| effect of temperature, ph, and water activity on biofilm formation by salmonella enterica enteritidis pt4 on stainless steel surfaces as indicated by the bead vortexing method and conductance measurements. | an assay was developed in an effort to elucidate the effect of important environmental parameters (temperature, ph, and water activity [aw]) on salmonella enteritidis biofilm formation on stainless steel surfaces. to achieve this, a modified microbiological technique used for biofilm studying (the bead vortexing method) and a rapid method based on conductivity measurements were used. the ability of the microorganism to generate biofilm on the stainless surfaces was studied at three temperatures ... | 2005 | 16245722 |
| antimicrobial effect of thai spices against listeria monocytogenes and salmonella typhimurium dt104. | the objective of this study was to determine the potential antimicrobial activity of extracts and essential oils of spices from thailand against foodborne pathogenic bacteria. the antimicrobial efficacy of ginger (zingiber officinale), fingerroot (boesenbergia pandurata), and turmeric (curcuma longa) was evaluated against five strains of listeria monocytogenes and four strains of salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar typhimurium dt104. antimicrobial activity was investigated in microbiologic ... | 2005 | 16245707 |
| antimicrobial susceptibilities of salmonella isolates obtained from layer chicken houses on a commercial egg-producing farm in japan, 1997 to 2002. | susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was examined for 325 isolates of salmonella enterica serotypes cerro, infantis, livingstone, and montevideo isolated from layer houses on a commercial egg-production farm in the western region of japan between 1997 and 2002. no antimicrobials were used for therapeutic purposes on the farm during this period. from 1.8 to 3.1% of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. resistance to streptomycin and sulfisoxazole was foun ... | 2005 | 16245703 |
| transgenic tobacco plants expressing a dimeric single-chain variable fragment (scfv) antibody against salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi b. | transgenic tobacco plants were produced that express an anti-salmonella enterica single-chain variable fragment (scfv) antibody that binds to the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of s. enterica paratyphi b. the coding sequence of this scfv was optimized for expression in tobacco, synthesized and subsequently placed behind three different promoters: an enhanced tobacco constitutive ubiquitous promoter (entcup4), and single- and double-enhancer versions of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter (camv 3 ... | 2005 | 16245169 |
| increasing incidence of quinolone resistance in human non-typhoid salmonella enterica isolates in korea and mechanisms involved in quinolone resistance. | we investigated the trends of nalidixic acid resistance in human non-typhoid salmonella enterica in a korean population, and examined some possible mechanisms involved in this resistance. | 2005 | 16244086 |
| bacterial histidine kinase as signal sensor and transducer. | adaptation to an environmental stress is essential for cell survival in all organisms, from e. coli to human. to respond to changes in their surroundings, bacteria utilize two-component systems (tcss), also known as histidyl-aspartyl phosphorelay (hap) systems that consist of a histidine kinase (hk) sensor and a cognate response regulator (rr). while mammals developed complex signaling systems involving serine/threonine/tyrosine kinases in stress response mechanisms, bacterial tcs/hap systems re ... | 2006 | 16242988 |
| loop-mediated isothermal amplification for the rapid detection of salmonella. | loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay detected salmonella within 60 min. the 220 strains of 39 serotypes of salmonella subsp. enterica and 7 strains of salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae were amplified, but not 62 strains of 23 bacterial species other than salmonella. the sensitivity of the lamp assay was found to be >2.2 cfu/test tube using nine serotypes. the specificity was similar to that of a pcr assay, but the sensitivity of lamp was greater. both fluorescence and turbidity ... | 2005 | 16242860 |
| a strong antigen-specific t-cell response is associated with age and genetically dependent resistance to avian enteric salmonellosis. | chicken genetics and age affect resistance to enteric infection with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and were used to identify the immune responses that may contribute to rapid clearance. when birds were infected at 40 days of age, line 6(1) chickens cleared the infection more effectively than line n chickens, whereas when birds were infected at 10 days of age, both chicken lines were highly susceptible to infection. antibody levels, t-cell responsiveness, and cytokine mrna levels were a ... | 2005 | 16239553 |
| cd4+-t-cell responses generated during murine salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection are directed towards multiple epitopes within the natural antigen flic. | the flagellar filament protein flic is a natural antigen recognized by memory cd4+ t cells recovered from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium-infected humans and mice. to further investigate t-cell responses to flic, we derived flic-specific cd4+-t-cell clones from mice of two different haplotypes following oral s. enterica serovar typhimurium infection. using c-terminal truncations of male-flic recombinant fusion proteins, we mapped antigenic activity to four different regions of flic; thre ... | 2005 | 16239517 |
| analysis of the contribution of salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 2 to enteric disease progression using a novel bovine ileal loop model and a murine model of infectious enterocolitis. | we have developed a novel ileal loop model for use in calves to analyze the contribution of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium type iii secretion systems to disease processes in vivo. our model involves constructing ileal loops with end-to-end anastamoses to restore the patency of the small intestine, thereby allowing experimental animals to convalesce following surgery for the desired number of days. this model overcomes the time constraint imposed by ligated ileal loop models that have pr ... | 2005 | 16239510 |
| resolvase-in vivo expression technology analysis of the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium phop and pmra regulons in balb/c mice. | salmonella enterica modulates resistance to antimicrobial peptides in part via covalent modifications of the lipopolysaccharide (lps). the two-component systems phop/phoq and pmra/pmrb are activated during infection and regulate several genes involved in lps modifications by responding to signals such as ph, iron, magnesium, and antimicrobial peptides. a recombination-based in vivo expression technology approach was adopted to analyze the spatial-temporal patterns of in vivo expression of genes ... | 2005 | 16237024 |
| stationary-phase regulation of rpos translation in escherichia coli. | in enteric bacteria, adaptation to a number of different stresses is mediated by the rpos protein, one of several sigma factors that collectively allow a tailored transcriptional response to environmental cues. stress stimuli including low temperature, osmotic shock, nutrient limitation, and growth to stationary phase (sp) all result in a substantial increase in rpos abundance and activity. the mechanism of regulation depends on the specific signal but may occur at the level of transcription, tr ... | 2005 | 16237004 |
| recurrent infections caused by cefotaxime- and ciprofloxacin-resistant salmonella enterica serotype choleraesuis treated successfully with imipenem. | we present a case of recurrent infection (infective spondilitis, psoas abscess, and bacteraemia) caused by a single strain of cefotaxime- and ciprofloxacin-resistant and bla(cmy-2)-containing salmonella enterica serotype choleraesuis during a 4-month period in a patient with uremia. the patient was successfully treated with imipenem for 7 weeks. our observation indicates that a carbapenem might be considered as a drug of choice for the treatment of infections caused by this emerging multi-resist ... | 2005 | 16230198 |
| molecular mechanisms of resistance in multidrug-resistant serovars of salmonella enterica isolated from foods in germany. | the objectives of this study were to determine antimicrobial susceptibility and to characterize the molecular mechanisms of multidrug resistance among german food-borne salmonella isolates of different serovars. | 2005 | 16227350 |
| genotypic characterization of salmonella by multilocus sequence typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and amplified fragment length polymorphism. | molecular typing is an important tool in surveillance and outbreak investigations of human salmonella infections. in this study, three molecular typing methods were used to investigate the discriminatory ability, reproducibility and the genetic relationship between 110 salmonella enterica subspecies enterica isolates. a total of 25 serotypes were investigated that had been isolated from humans or veterinary sources in denmark between 1995 and 2001. all isolates were genotyped by multilocus seque ... | 2005 | 16226640 |
| ultrahigh-throughput proteomics using fast rplc separations with esi-ms/ms. | we describe approaches for proteomics analysis using electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry coupled with fast reversed-phase liquid chromatography (rplc) separations. the rplc separations used 50-microm-i.d. fused-silica capillaries packed with submicrometer-sized c18-bonded porous silica particles and achieved peak capacities of 130-420 for analytes from proteome tryptic digests. when these separations were combined with linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry measurements, approxima ... | 2005 | 16223258 |
| oral infection with the salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum 9r attenuated live vaccine as a model to characterise immunity to fowl typhoid in the chicken. | salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum (s. gallinarum) is the causative agent of fowl typhoid, a severe systemic disease of chickens that results in high mortality amongst infected flocks. due to its virulence, the immune response to s. gallinarum is poorly characterised. in this study we have utilised infection by the live attenuated s. gallinarum 9r vaccine strain in inbred chickens to characterise humoral, cellular and cytokine responses to systemic salmonellosis. | 2005 | 16221297 |
| incidence of bloodstream infections in a speciality hospital in kuwait: 8-year experience. | to determine the frequency of isolation and antibiotic-susceptibility patterns of clinically significant bacterial pathogens isolated from blood. | 2005 | 16220016 |
| resuscitation of the viable but non-culturable state of salmonella enterica serovar oranienburg by recombinant resuscitation-promoting factor derived from salmonella typhimurium strain lt2. | a gene encoding the resuscitation-promoting factor (rpf) from salmonella typhimurium lt2 was cloned and characterized. the amino acid sequence encoded by s. typhimurium lt2 rpf gene shares 24.2% homology with micrococcus luteus rpf, which is secreted by growing cells, and required to resuscitate from viable but non-culturable (vnc) state. the s. typhimurium lt2 rpf gene is 696 bp long, and shared a conserved segment with salmonella enterica serovar oranienburg (99.4%). recombinant rpf (rrpf) pro ... | 2006 | 16213054 |
| chaperone release and unfolding of substrates in type iii secretion. | type iii protein secretion systems are essential virulence factors of many bacteria pathogenic to humans, animals and plants. these systems mediate the transfer of bacterial virulence proteins directly into the host cell cytoplasm. proteins are thought to travel this pathway in a largely unfolded manner, and a family of customized cytoplasmic chaperones, which specifically bind cognate secreted proteins, are essential for secretion. here we show that invc, an atpase associated with a salmonella ... | 2005 | 16208377 |
| microbiology: loading the type iii cannon. | 2005 | 16208351 | |
| first report of salmonella enterica serotype panama meningitis associated with consumption of contaminated breast milk by a neonate. | salmonella enterica serotype panama is capable of causing severe infection in children and is often transmitted via contaminated food. here, we present the first documented case of serotype panama infection that was acquired through the consumption of contaminated breast milk. the mother excreted the organism asymptomatically for at least 2 weeks. | 2005 | 16208031 |
| characterization of isolates of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium displaying high-level fluoroquinolone resistance in japan. | strains of the multidrug-resistant (mdr) salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolated in japan were examined for high-level fluoroquinolone resistance. since the first isolation in 2000 (described in reference 13), we have identified 12 human and 5 nonhuman isolates with high-level fluoroquinolone-resistance (ciprofloxacin mic of 24 microg/ml or more). most of these isolates shared some features including definitive phage type (dt 12/193), resistance type (acssutncp; resistant to ampicillin, ... | 2005 | 16207965 |
| tol-pal proteins are critical cell envelope components of erwinia chrysanthemi affecting cell morphology and virulence. | the tol-pal genes are necessary for maintaining the outer-membrane integrity of gram-negative bacteria. these genes were first described in escherichia coli, and more recently in several other species. they are involved in the pathogenesis of e. coli, haemophilus ducreyi, vibrio cholerae and salmonella enterica. the role of the tol-pal genes in bacterial pathogenesis was investigated in the phytopathogenic enterobacterium erwinia chrysanthemi, assuming that this organism might be a good model fo ... | 2005 | 16207916 |
| computer-assisted docking of flavodoxin with the atp:co(i)rrinoid adenosyltransferase (coba) enzyme reveals residues critical for protein-protein interactions but not for catalysis. | the activity of the housekeeping atp:co(i)rrinoid adenosyltransferase (coba) enzyme of salmonella enterica sv. typhimurium is required to adenosylate de novo biosynthetic intermediates of adenosylcobalamin and to salvage incomplete and complete corrinoids from the environment of this bacterium. in vitro, reduced flavodoxin (flda) provides an electron to generate the co(i)rrinoid substrate in the coba active site. to understand how coba and flda interact, a computer model of a coba.flda complex w ... | 2005 | 16207720 |
| effects of cattle feeding regimen and soil management type on the fate of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in manure, manure-amended soil, and lettuce. | survival of the green fluorescent protein-transformed human pathogens escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium was studied in a laboratory-simulated lettuce production chain. dairy cows were fed three different roughage types: high-digestible grass silage plus maize silage (6:4), low-digestible grass silage, and straw. each was adjusted with supplemental concentrates to high and low crude protein levels. the pathogens were added to manure, which was subsequently mixed ... | 2005 | 16204535 |
| a lactobacillus acidophilus strain of human gastrointestinal microbiota origin elicits killing of enterovirulent salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium by triggering lethal bacterial membrane damage. | the human gastrointestinal microbiota produces antagonistic activities against gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens. we undertook a study to investigate the mechanism(s) by which a lactobacillus acidophilus strain of human microbiota origin antagonizes the gram-negative enteroinvasive pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. we showed that the cell-free culture supernatant of l. acidophilus strain lb (lb-cfcs) induced the following effects in s. enterica sl1344: (i) a decrease in intrac ... | 2005 | 16204528 |
| ph-, lactic acid-, and non-lactic acid-dependent activities of probiotic lactobacilli against salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | the mechanism(s) underlying the antibacterial activity of probiotic lactobacillus strains appears to be multifactorial and includes lowering of the ph and the production of lactic acid and of antibacterial compounds, including bacteriocins and nonbacteriocin, non-lactic acid molecules. addition of dulbecco's modified eagle's minimum essential medium to the incubating medium delays the killing activity of lactic acid. we found that the probiotic strains lactobacillus johnsonii la1, lactobacillus ... | 2005 | 16204515 |
| long-term survival of pathogenic and sanitation indicator bacteria in experimental biowaste composts. | for economic, agricultural, and environmental reasons, composting is frequently used for organic waste recycling. one approach to limiting the potential risk from bacterial food-borne illnesses is to ensure that soil amendments and organic fertilizers are disinfected. however, more knowledge concerning the microbiological safety of composted substrates other than sludge and manure is necessary. experimental in-vessel biowaste composts were used to study the survival of seeded listeria monocytoge ... | 2005 | 16204488 |
| salmonella enterica virulence genes are required for bacterial attachment to plant tissue. | numerous salmonella enterica food-borne illness outbreaks have been associated with contaminated vegetables, in particular sprouted seeds, and the incidence of reported contamination has steadily risen. in order to understand the physiology of s. enterica serovar newport on plants, a screen was developed to identify transposon mutants that were defective in attachment to alfalfa sprouts. twenty independent mutants from a pool of 6,000 were selected for reduced adherence to alfalfa sprouts. sixty ... | 2005 | 16204476 |
| adaptation of multilocus sequencing for studying variation within a major clone: evolutionary relationships of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | serovar typhimurium of salmonella enterica is a model organism for studies of pathogenesis that exhibits phage-type variation and variation in host range and virulence, but in a recent study showed no sequence variation in four genes, indicating the clonal nature of this serovar. we determined the relationships of 46 typhimurium isolates of nine phage types using mutational changes detected either by matching aflp (amplified fragment length polymorphism) fragments to computer-modeled lt2 aflp fr ... | 2006 | 16204219 |
| resistance to fluoroquinolones linked to gyra and par c mutations and overexpression of acr ab efflux pump in salmonella enterica serotype choleraesuis. | between 2000 and 2002, 60 clinical isolates of salmonella enterica serotype choleraesuis were collected to investigate the mechanism of fluoroquinolone resistance. pcr and sequencing were performed to identify mutations in gyra, gyrb, par c, the acr ab-tolc efflux pump regulator, acr r, and the global regulons mar rab and sox rs. all resistant strains showed mutations in the target genes leading to amino acid changes of ser 83 phe and asp 87 asn in gyra and ser 80 ile in par c. a mutation in gyr ... | 2005 | 16201927 |
| oral treatment with bacteriophages reduces the concentration of salmonella enteritidis pt4 in caecal contents of broilers. | bacteriophages isolated from free-range chickens were tested as a therapeutic agent for reducing the concentration of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis phage type 4 (s. enteritidis pt4) in caeca of broilers. one-day-old broilers infected with s. enteritidis pt4 by a seeder bird method were orally treated on the seventh day of age with a mixture of 10(11) plaque-forming units of each of three bacteriophages. five days after treatment the bacteriophage-treated group showed a reduction of 3.5 ... | 2005 | 16191711 |
| salmonella profile in chickens determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and bacteriology from years 2000 to 2003 in turkey. | from years 2000 to 2003, salmonella was investigated from a total of 1785 samples comprised of chicken intestinal samples, cloacal swabs, drag swabs, litter samples and chick dust samples collected from 191 poultry breeding flocks belonging to 15 different chicken breeding stock companies in the marmara region, turkey by a sybr green-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (sgbrt-pcr), by a probe-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (psrt-pcr) and by standardized bacteriology as descri ... | 2005 | 16191689 |
| aptamers that preferentially bind type ivb pili and inhibit human monocytic-cell invasion by salmonella enterica serovar typhi. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi is an important pathogen exclusively for humans and causes typhoid or enteric fever. it has been shown that type ivb pili, encoded by the s. enterica serovar typhi pil operon located in salmonella pathogenicity island 7, are important in the pathogenic process. in this study, by using both an adhesion-invasion assay and fluorescence quantitative pcr analysis, we demonstrated that the entry of type ivb piliated s. enterica serovar typhi a21-6 (pil(+) km(r)) into ... | 2005 | 16189080 |
| typhoid and paratyphoid fever in travellers. | enteric fever--a more inclusive term for typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever--is a systemic infection caused by salmonella enterica, including s enterica serotype typhi (s typhi) and serotype paratyphi (s paratyphi). in developed countries there have been two major changes in the pattern of the disease: a marked decline in its incidence and its characterisation as a predominantly travel-associated disease. the risk to travellers appears to vary by geographic region visited, with travel to the in ... | 2005 | 16183516 |
| enhanced contrast of bacteriophage plaques in salmonella with ferric ammonium citrate and sodium thiosulfate (facst) and tetrazolium red (tzr). | visualization of bacteriophage plaques may be enhanced by addition of ferric ammonium citrate and sodium thiosulfate (facst) or 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (tetrazolium red, tzr) to the soft agar layer of a traditional bacteriophage plaque assay. background color from these reagents improved contrast between clear plaques and turbid host lawns in trypticase soy agar (tsa) plates. enhancement by facst is based on reaction with hydrogen sulfide gas (h2s) produced by some strains of bacteri ... | 2006 | 16182396 |
| molecular epidemiology of salmonella enterica serovar agona: characterization of a diffuse outbreak caused by aniseed-fennel-caraway infusion. | during 2002-2003 increased numbers of notified salmonellosis due to s. enterica serovar agona were observed in germany. in order to understand the recent spread of this serovar and to trace the route of infection to its source, a new phage-typing scheme and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) were used to analyse these isolates. by using 14 bacteriophages, 52 phage types were distinguished among the s. agona strains. pfge also differentiated 52 different patterns. a combination of both metho ... | 2005 | 16181503 |
| foodborne general outbreaks of salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 infection, england and wales, 1992-2002: where are the risks? | foodborne outbreaks of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis phage type 4 (pt4) infection (n=497), reported to the health protection agency communicable disease surveillance centre between 1992 and 2002, were compared with other pathogens (n=1148) to determine factors (season, setting, food vehicles, food safety faults) associated with this pathogen. logistic regression was applied to control for potential confounding. foodborne general outbreaks of s. enteritidis pt4 infection were more likel ... | 2005 | 16181497 |
| cloning vectors and fluorescent proteins can significantly inhibit salmonella enterica virulence in both epithelial cells and macrophages: implications for bacterial pathogenesis studies. | plasmid vectors and fluorescent protein reporter systems are commonly used in the study of bacterial pathogenesis. here we show that they can impair the ability of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to productively infect either cultured mammalian cells or mice. this has significant implications for studies that rely on these systems. | 2005 | 16177386 |
| cellular mechanisms of the adjuvant activity of the flagellin component fljb of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to potentiate mucosal and systemic responses. | an expanding area of interest is the utilization of microbe-based components to augment mucosal and systemic immune responses to target antigens. thus, the aim of the present study was to assess if the flagellin component fljb from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium could act as a mucosal adjuvant and then to determine the cellular mechanism(s) by which fljb mediates its adjuvant properties. to determine if fljb could act as a mucosal adjuvant, mice were immunized by the intranasal (i.n.) r ... | 2005 | 16177354 |
| expression of the rickettsia prowazekii pld or tlyc gene in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium mediates phagosomal escape. | members of the genus rickettsia possess the ability to invade host cells and promptly escape from phagosomal vacuoles into the host cell cytosol, thereby avoiding destruction within the endosomal pathway. the mechanism underlying rickettsial phagosomal escape remains unknown, although the genomic sequences of several rickettsial species have allowed for the identification of four genes with potential membranolytic activities (tlya, tlyc, pat1, and pld). this study was undertaken to determine whi ... | 2005 | 16177343 |
| the chemokine ccl2 is required for control of murine gastric salmonella enterica infection. | salmonella enterica is a gram-negative intracellular pathogen that can cause a variety of diseases ranging from gastroenteritis to typhoid fever. the typhimurium serotype causes gastroenteritis in humans; however, infection of mice results in an enteric fever that resembles human typhoid fever and has been used as a model for typhoid fever. the present study examined the role of the chemokine ccl2 in the control of salmonella infection. upon infection with salmonellae, mucosal expression of ccl2 ... | 2005 | 16177325 |
| identification of new secreted effectors in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | a common theme in bacterial pathogenesis is the secretion of bacterial products that modify cellular functions to overcome host defenses. gram-negative bacterial pathogens use type iii secretion systems (ttsss) to inject effector proteins into host cells. the genes encoding the structural components of the type iii secretion apparatus are conserved among bacterial species and can be identified by sequence homology. in contrast, the sequences of secreted effector proteins are less conserved and a ... | 2005 | 16177297 |
| ssej deacylase activity by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium promotes virulence in mice. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium utilizes a type iii secretion system (ttss) encoded on salmonella pathogenicity island-2 (spi2) to promote intracellular replication during infection, but little is known about the molecular function of spi2-translocated effectors and how they contribute to this process. ssej is a spi2 ttss effector protein that is homologous to enzymes called glycerophospholipid-cholesterol acyltransferases and, following translocation, localizes to the salmonella-contain ... | 2005 | 16177296 |
| the salmonella enterica serovar typhi tsx gene, encoding a nucleoside-specific porin, is essential for prototrophic growth in the absence of nucleosides. | the salmonella enterica serovar typhi tsx gene encodes a porin that facilitates the import of nucleosides. when serovar typhi is grown under anaerobic conditions, tsx is among the outer membrane proteins whose expression increases dramatically. this increase in expression is due, at least in part, to increased transcription and is dependent on fnr but not on arca. a mutant derivative of serovar typhi strain sth2370 with a deletion of the tsx gene is an auxotroph that requires either adenosine or ... | 2005 | 16177292 |
| high-sensitivity, polymerase chain reaction-free detection of microorganisms and their functional genes using 70-mer oligonucleotide diagnostic microarray. | 2005 | 16169510 | |
| molecular interactions between dendritic cells and salmonella: escape from adaptive immunity and implications on pathogenesis. | dendritic cells (dcs) constitute the link between innate and adaptive immunity by directly recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) on bacteria and by processing and presenting bacterial antigens to t cells. recognition of pamps renders dcs as professional antigen-presenting cells with the ability to prime naive t cells and to initiate the adaptive immune response against pathogen-derived antigens. for this reason, any interference with dc function might be advantageous for bac ... | 2005 | 16167888 |
| mutation at the "exit gate" of the salmonella gyrase a subunit suppresses a defect in the gyrase b subunit. | in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, an s431p substitution in the b subunit of gyrase (allele gyrb651) confers resistance to nalidixic acid and causes reduced dna superhelicity and hypersensitivity to novobiocin. selection for novobiocin resistance allowed isolation of a mutation in the gyra gene (allele gyra659), a t467s substitution, which partially suppresses the supercoiling defect of gyrb651. modeling analysis suggests that this mutation acts by destabilizing the gyra bottom dimer in ... | 2005 | 16166547 |
| phenotypic convergence mediated by ggdef-domain-containing proteins. | ggdef domain-containing proteins have been implicated in bacterial signal transduction and synthesis of the second messenger molecule cyclic-di-gmp. a number of ggdef proteins are involved in controlling the formation of extracellular matrices. adra (salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium) and hmst (yersinia pestis) contain ggdef domains and are required for extracellular cellulose production and biofilm formation, respectively. here we show that hmst is able to restore cellulose synthesis to a ... | 2005 | 16166544 |
| appearance of salmonella enterica isolates producing plasmid-mediated ampc beta-lactamase, cmy-2, in south korea. | of 176 salmonella isolates isolated from 2000 to 2003 in a korean university hospital, 2 cefoxitin-resistant isolates of salmonella enterica serovar rissen were found in 2002. both isolates were resistant to multiple beta-lactam antibiotics, including ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime. cell sonicates of the both clinical isolates and their transconjugants had beta-lactamase band of approximate isoelectric point of >8.6. the resistance to cefoxitin was tr ... | 2005 | 16165000 |
| probing the complex system of metabolic integration. | 2005 | 16164972 | |
| csga is a pathogen-associated molecular pattern of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium that is recognized by toll-like receptor 2. | knowledge about the origin and identity of the microbial products recognized by the innate immune system is important for understanding the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. we investigated the potential role of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium fimbriae as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) that may stimulate innate pathways of inflammation. we screened a panel of 11 mutants, each carrying a deletion of a different fimbrial operon, for their enteropathogenicity using the ... | 2005 | 16164566 |
| detection and quantification of citrobacter freundii and c. braakii by 5'-nuclease polymerase chain reaction. | a new 5'-nuclease polymerase chain reaction (pcr) system for the detection and quantification of citrobacter freundii and c. braakii was developed with primers and the probe oriented to a specific region of the cfa gene encoding a cyclopropane fatty acid synthase. the qualitative variant of the method consisted of a conventional pcr with end-point fluorimetry or agarose gel electrophoresis, and the quantitative variant used kinetic real-time pcr measurement. the pcr system was specific for c. fr ... | 2005 | 16163457 |
| fecal prevalence and diversity of salmonella species in lactating dairy cattle in four states. | salmonella is one of the most serious foodborne pathogenic bacteria in the united states, causing an estimated 1.3 million human illnesses each year. dairy cows can be reservoirs of foodborne pathogenic bacteria, including salmonella spp.; it is estimated that from 27 to 31% of dairy herds across the united states are colonized by salmonella. the present study was designed to examine the occurrence of salmonella spp. on dairies and to examine the serotypic diversity of salmonella isolates on sam ... | 2005 | 16162534 |
| prevalence of salmonella enterica in bulk tank milk from us dairies as determined by polymerase chain reaction. | samples of bulk tank milk from dairies across the united states, taken as part of the national animal health monitoring system dairy 2002 survey, were analyzed for the presence of salmonella enterica using a commercially available real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) kit. samples from 854 farms in 21 states were collected and enriched in tetrathionate broth to amplify any salmonellae present, and dna was isolated from the resulting biomass. one hundred one samples (11.8%) were shown to cont ... | 2005 | 16162520 |
| qualitatively distinct patterns of cytokines are released by human dendritic cells in response to different pathogens. | dendritic cells produce cytokines that regulate the class of the adaptive immune response. microbial recognition is mediated, at least in part, by pattern recognition receptors such as toll-like receptors, which influence dendritic cell maturation. in humans it is not yet clear how intact pathogens modulate the developing immune response. to address the effects of intact pathogens on the maturation and effector functions of human dendritic cells, we investigated their responses to a number of mi ... | 2005 | 16162273 |
| epidemiological analysis of salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovars hadar, brancaster and enteritidis from humans and broiler chickens in senegal using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and antibiotic susceptibility. | salmonella hadar, salmonella brancaster and salmonella enteritidis are the main salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovars isolated from poultry in senegal. our objective was to analyse the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and antibioresistance patterns of strains belonging to these serovars and to assess the significance of broiler-chicken meat as a source of human infection. | 2005 | 16162250 |
| acid resistance variability among isolates of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104. | acid resistance could be an indicator of virulence since acid resistant strains are able to better survive the human stomach passage and in macrophages. we studied the acid resistance of several salmonella typhimurium dt104 strains isolated from food and humans and identified cellular parameters contributing to the enhanced acid resistance of these isolates. | 2005 | 16162237 |
| analysis of differentially-regulated genes within a regulatory network by gps genome navigation. | a critical challenge of the post-genomic era is to understand how genes are differentially regulated even when they belong to a given network. because the fundamental mechanism controlling gene expression operates at the level of transcription initiation, computational techniques have been developed that identify cis regulatory features and map such features into expression patterns to classify genes into distinct networks. however, these methods are not focused on distinguishing between differe ... | 2005 | 16159917 |
| yersinia pestis is viable with endotoxin composed of only lipid a. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) is the major outer membrane component of gram-negative bacteria. the minimal lps structure for viability of escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is lipid a glycosylated with 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid (kdo) residues. here we show that another member of the enterobacteriaceae, yersinia pestis, can survive without kdo in its lps. | 2005 | 16159798 |
| differences in gene content between salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis isolates and comparison to closely related serovars gallinarum and dublin. | salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis is often transmitted into the human food supply through eggs of hens that appear healthy. this pathogen became far more prevalent in poultry following eradication of the fowl pathogen s. enterica serovar gallinarum in the mid-20th century. to investigate whether changes in serovar enteritidis gene content contributed to this increased prevalence, and to evaluate genetic heterogeneity within the serovar, comparative genomic hybridization was performed on ei ... | 2005 | 16159788 |
| drug-lipid a interactions on the escherichia coli abc transporter msba. | msba is an essential atp-binding cassette half-transporter in the cytoplasmic membrane of the gram-negative escherichia coli and is required for the export of lipopolysaccharides (lps) to the outer membrane, most likely by transporting the lipid a core moiety. consistent with the homology of msba to the multidrug transporter lmra in the gram-positive lactococcus lactis, our recent work in e. coli suggested that msba might interact with multiple drugs. to enable a more detailed analysis of multid ... | 2005 | 16159769 |
| rapid differentiation among bacteria that cause gastroenteritis by use of low-resolution raman spectroscopy and pls discriminant analysis. | use of classical microbiological methods to differentiate bacteria that cause gastroenteritis is cumbersome but usually very efficient. the high cost of reagents and the time required for such identifications, approximately four days, could have serious consequences, however, mainly when the patients are children, the elderly, or adults with low resistance. the search for new methods enabling rapid and reagentless differentiation of these microorganisms is, therefore, extremely relevant. in this ... | 2005 | 16158301 |
| high-level ciprofloxacin resistance in salmonella enterica serotype typhi in india. | 2005 | 16157558 | |
| effects of antibiotic use in sows on resistance of e. coli and salmonella enterica typhimurium in their offspring. | to determine effects of exposure of parental animals to antibiotics on antibiotic resistance in bacteria of offspring, sows were either treated or not treated with oxytetracycline prior to farrowing and their pigs were challenged with salmonella enterica typhimurium and treated or not treated with oxytetracycline and apramycin. fecal escherichia coli were obtained from sows, and e. coli and salmonella were recovered from pigs. antibiotic resistance patterns of isolates were determined using a mi ... | 2005 | 16156702 |
| catecholate receptor proteins in salmonella enterica: role in virulence and implications for vaccine development. | three outer membrane proteins of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium function as catecholate siderophore receptors. iron promotes uptake of enterobactin, salmochelins and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoylserine, fepa transports enterobactin and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoylserine, and cir is a receptor for 2,3-dihydroxybenzoylserine. in addition, all three proteins are required for l-norepinephrine-facilitated iron uptake from transferrin as judged by failure of a fepa iron cir triple mutant to grow in serum-cont ... | 2006 | 16154248 |
| characterization of salmonella isolates from captive lizards. | reptile-associated salmonellosis in humans is an increasing public health issue. this study aimed at characterizing salmonella isolates from captive lizards and to compare them to human isolates. salmonella was isolated from 25 of 33 cloacal and 47 of 79 faecal samples from captive lizards (75.8 and 59.5%, respectively). the strains belonged to 44 serotypes of subspecies i (27 serotypes), ii (9), iiib (3) and iv (5). two strains, one of serotype enteritidis and one of serotype amsterdam, were re ... | 2005 | 16153787 |
| the artab genes encode a putative adp-ribosyltransferase toxin homologue associated with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104. | many bacterial pathogens encode adp-ribosyltransferase toxins. the authors identified an adp-ribosyltransferase toxin homologue (arta, artb) in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) dt104. arta is most homologous to a putative pertussis-like toxin subunit present in salmonella typhi (sty1890) and salmonella paratyphi a (spa1609), while artb shows homology to a hypothetical periplasmic protein of s. typhi (sty1364) and s. paratyphi a (spa1188), and a putative pertussis-like tox ... | 2005 | 16151219 |
| impact of phages on two-species bacterial communities. | a long history of experimental work has shown that addition of bacteriophages to a monoculture of bacteria leads to only a temporary depression of bacterial levels. resistant bacteria usually become abundant, despite reduced growth rates relative to those of phage-sensitive bacteria. this restoration of high bacterial density occurs even if the phages evolve to overcome bacterial resistance. we believe that the generality of this result may be limited to monocultures, in which the resistant bact ... | 2005 | 16151111 |
| identification of novel salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104-specific prophage and nonprophage chromosomal sequences among serovar typhimurium isolates by genomic subtractive hybridization. | genomic subtractive hybridization was performed between salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2 and dt104 to search for novel salmonella serovar typhimurium dt104-specific sequences. the subtraction resulted mainly in the isolation of dna fragments with sequence similarity to phages. two fragments identified were associated with possible virulence factors. one fragment was identical to irsa of salmonella serovar typhimurium atcc 14028, which is suggested to be involved in macrophage survival ... | 2005 | 16151076 |
| comparison of the antibodies in lymphocyte supernatant and antibody-secreting cell assays for measuring intestinal mucosal immune response to a novel oral typhoid vaccine (m01zh09). | antibody-secreting cell (asc) and antibodies in lymphocyte supernatant (als) assays are used to assess intestinal mucosal responses to enteric infections and vaccines. the als assay, performed on cell supernatants, may represent a convenient alternative to the more established asc assay. the two methods, measuring immunoglobulin a to salmonella enterica serovar typhi lipopolysaccharide, were compared in volunteers vaccinated with a live-attenuated typhoid vaccine m01zh09. the specificity of the ... | 2005 | 16148184 |
| safety and efficacy of salmonella gallinarum 9r vaccine in young laying chickens. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum (s. gallinarum) is the agent of fowl typhoid, and the 9r vaccine is a commercially available, live vaccine for the prevention of fowl typhoid. the aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of the 9r vaccine in young chickens. the mean weights of 5-week-old chickens vaccinated with one and 10 doses at 2 weeks old were 450.3+/-33.83 g and 446.8+/-35.68 g, respectively, which were statistically lower (p<0.05) than the mean weight ... | 2005 | 16147574 |
| salmonella enterica serovar typhi o:1,9,12 polysaccharide-protein conjugate as a diagnostic tool for typhoid fever. | serologic tests play an important role in diagnosis of typhoid fever. in an effort to develop a more defined reagent for these tests, purified salmonella enterica serovar typhi (st) o:1,9,12 polysaccharide was conjugated to human serum albumin (hsa), and the conjugate was purified chromatographically to yield a reagent with 2 moles st o polysaccharide per mole hsa. in 40 patients with bacteriologically confirmed typhoid fever, significant dot immunobinding titers (> or =20,000) were present in 2 ... | 2005 | 16145105 |
| detection of vi-negative salmonella enterica serovar typhi in the peripheral blood of patients with typhoid fever in the faisalabad region of pakistan. | the synthesis and transportation proteins of the vi capsular polysaccharide of salmonella enterica serovar typhi (serovar typhi) are encoded by the viab operon, which resides on a 134-kb pathogenicity island known as spi-7. in recent years, vi-negative strains of serovar typhi have been reported in regions where typhoid fever is endemic. however, because vi negativity can arise during in vitro passage, the clinical significance of vi-negative serovar typhi is not clear. to investigate the loss o ... | 2005 | 16145086 |
| in vitro activities of 11 fluoroquinolones against 816 non-typhoidal strains of salmonella enterica isolated from finnish patients with special reference to reduced ciprofloxacin susceptibility. | the number of salmonella strains with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones has increased during recent years in many countries, threatening the value of this antimicrobial group in the treatment of severe salmonella infections. | 2005 | 16143044 |
| detection of mutations in salmonella enterica gyra, gyrb, parc and pare genes by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (dhplc) using standard hplc instrumentation. | quinolone antibiotics are the agents of choice for treating systemic salmonella infections. resistance to quinolones is usually mediated by mutations in the dna gyrase gene gyra. here we report the evaluation of standard hplc equipment for the detection of mutations (single nucleotide polymorphisms; snps) in gyra, gyrb, parc and pare by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (dhplc). | 2005 | 16141278 |
| evaluation of salmonella enterica serovar typhi (ty2 aroc-ssav-) m01zh09, with a defined mutation in the salmonella pathogenicity island 2, as a live, oral typhoid vaccine in human volunteers. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi strains with mutations in the salmonella pathogenicity island-2 (spi-2) may represent an effective strategy for human vaccine development, and a vectoring system for heterologous antigens. s. typhi (ty2 aroc-ssav-) m01zh09 is an attenuated, live, oral typhoid vaccine harboring defined deletion mutations in ssav, which encodes an integral component in the spi-2 type iii secretion system (ttss), as well as a mutation in an aromatic biosynthetic pathway needed for ... | 2006 | 16140433 |
| a family of arabinose-inducible escherichia coli expression vectors having pbr322 copy control. | the pbad series of expression vectors have been widely used in escherichia coli, salmonella enterica, and related bacteria. however, a complication with pbad24, the most popular of these plasmids, is that it does not contain the complete functional replication origin of pbr322 as was depicted in the original paper. instead, pbad24 has a pbr322-derived origin that lacks the rop gene that negatively regulates copy number and thus pbad24 has an appreciably higher copy number than that of pbr322, pa ... | 2006 | 16139359 |
| differential detection of turkey coronavirus, infectious bronchitis virus, and bovine coronavirus by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction. | the objective of the present study was to develop a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method for differential detection of turkey coronavirus (tcov), infectious bronchitis coronavirus (ibv), and bovine coronavirus (bcov). primers were designed from conserved or variable regions of nucleocapsid (n) or spike (s) protein gene among tcov, ibv, and bcov and used in the same pcr reaction. reverse transcription followed by the pcr reaction was used to amplify a portion of n or s gene of the cor ... | 2006 | 16137773 |
| regulation of traj transcription in the salmonella virulence plasmid by strand-specific dna adenine hemimethylation. | the traj gene of the virulence plasmid of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (pslt) encodes a transcriptional activator of the transfer operon. the leucine-responsive regulatory protein (lrp) is an activator of traj transcription. the upstream-activating-sequence of the pslt traj promoter contains two lrp binding sites (lrp-1 and lrp-2), both necessary for transcriptional activation. the promoter-proximal site (lrp-2) contains a gatc site (gatc-ii) whose methylation state affects lrp bindin ... | 2005 | 16135235 |
| [the occurrence and characterisation of oxy-imino-beta-lactams resistant strains among salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolated in poland]. | extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) are enzymes manifesting considerable hydrolyzing activity on a wide variety of beta-lactam antibiotics including oxyiminocephalosporins and aztreonam. in the study reported here we investigated the types of esbl produced by salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strains isolated from clinical samples in the microbiological laboratories of sanitary-epidemiological units in poland from 1999 to 2004. among 239 ampicillin-resistant salmonella enterica subsp. en ... | 2005 | 16134384 |
| repression of spi2 transcription by nitric oxide-producing, ifngamma-activated macrophages promotes maturation of salmonella phagosomes. | by remodeling the phagosomal membrane, the type iii secretion system encoded within the salmonella pathogenicity island-2 (spi2) helps salmonella thrive within professional phagocytes. we report here that nitric oxide (no) generated by ifngamma-activated macrophages abrogates the intracellular survival advantage associated with a functional spi2 type iii secretion system. no congeners inhibit overall expression of spi2 effectors encoded both inside and outside the spi2 gene cluster, reflecting a ... | 2005 | 16129704 |
| salmonella enterica spvb-mediated adp-ribosylation as an activator for host cell actin degradation. | the virulence-associated spvb protein of salmonella enterica is a mono (adp-ribosyl)transferase defined to target mammalian actin. exposure of acanthamoeba rhysodes cell lysate with spvb and [32p]nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad) was here observed to result in labeling of a protein of 43 kda that subsequently was identified as actin by immunoprecipitation. in parallel, adp-ribosylation promoted degradation of the protozoan actin. spvb-mediated actin degradation occurred in the presence of ... | 2005 | 16128395 |