Publications

determination of the motif responsible for interaction between the rice apetala1/agamous-like9 family proteins using a yeast two-hybrid system.	a mads family gene, osmads6, was isolated from a rice (oryza sativa l.) young flower cdna library using osamds1 as a probe. with this clone, various mads box genes that encode for protein-to-protein interaction partners of the osmads6 protein were isolated by the yeast two-hybrid screening method. on the basis of sequence homology, osmads6 and the selected partners can be classified in the apetala1/agamous-like9 (ap1/agl9) family. one of the interaction partners, osmads14, was selected for furth ...	1999	10444103
accumulation of soybean glycinin and its assembly with the glutelins in rice	saline-soluble glycinins and insoluble glutelins are the major storage proteins in soybean (glycine max) and rice (oryza sativa), respectively. in spite of their differences in solubility properties, both proteins are members of the 11s globulin gene family based on their similarities in primary sequences and processing of the coded protein. wild-type and methionine-modified glycinin coding sequences were expressed in transgenic rice plants under the control of the rice glutelin glub-1 promoter. ...	1999	10444090
random amplified polymorphic dna analysis of indian scented basmati rice (oryza sativa l.) germplasm for identification of variability and duplicate accessions, if any.	genetic variation among the seventeen basmati rice accessions collected from the farmers' fields located at different places in india was analyzed using ten arbitrary tenmer oligonucleotide primers by the random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) method. the number of polymorphic/monomorphic bands among the pairwise combinations of the accessions and the total number of bands were determined to categorize all the accessions in different groups of similarity and dissimilarity at the genetic level. ...	1999	10435450
characterization of specific binding sites for a mitogenic sulfated peptide, phytosulfokine-alpha, in the plasma-membrane fraction derived from oryza sativa l.	treatment of rice cells with an endogenous mitogenic peptide, phytosulfokine-alpha (psk-alpha), results in cell proliferation. in the present study, [3h]psk-alpha prepared by catalytic reduction of a psk-alpha analog containing tetradehydroisoleucine was employed to identify putative psk-alpha target molecules on rice plasma membranes. membrane binding of the ligand was found to be saturable, reversible and ph dependent. scatchard analysis demonstrated the existence of both high- and low-affinit ...	1999	10411626
molecular cloning and expression of the na+/h+ exchanger gene in oryza sativa.	na+/h+ exchanger catalyzes the countertransport of na+ and h+ across membranes. we isolated a rice cdna clone the deduced amino acid sequence of which had homology with a putative na+/h+ exchanger in saccharomyces cerevisiae, nhx1. the sequence contains 2330 bp with an open reading frame of 1608 bp. the deduced amino acid sequence is similar to that of nhx1 and nhe isoforms in mammals, and shares high similarity with the sequences within predicted transmembrane segments and an amiloride-binding ...	1999	10395929
unusual inheritance of evolutionarily-related double-stranded rnas in interspecific hybrid between rice plants oryza sativa and oryza rufipogon.	endogenous, 14 kb double-stranded rnas (dsrnas) have been found in two ecospecies of cultivated rice (temperate japonica rice and tropical japonica rice, oryza sativa l.) and in wild rice (o. rufipogon, an ancestor of o. sativa). a comparison of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the core regions of the rna-dependent rna polymerase domains found in these three dsrnas suggested that these dsrnas probably evolved independently within each host plant from a common ancestor. these ds ...	1999	10380800
the evaluation of the antianaphylactic effect of oryza sativa l. subsp. hsien ting in rats.	we studied the effect of the methanol extract of oryza sativa l. subsp. hsien ting (osht) on anaphylaxis. osht (0.001-1.0 mg g-1body weight (bw)) dose-dependently inhibited systemic anaphylaxis induced by compound 48/80 in rats. when osht was pretreated at concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 1.0 mg g-1bw, the serum histamine levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. osht (0. 001-1.0 mg g-1bw) also inhibited local anaphylaxis activated by anti-dinitrophenyl (dnp) ige. moreover, osht dose-d ...	1999	10378987
rapd mapping in a doubled haploid population of rice (oryza sativa l.).	to examine the distribution and genome coverage of rapds, a total of 242 random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers generated by 73 random decamer primers were mapped onto 12 rice chromosomes by linkage analysis using a doubled haploid population, developed from an indica x japonica cross. the rapd markers were derived from both parents equally and were well distributed over the rice genome. furthermore, multiple rapd markers generated from the same primer were dispersed over different chro ...	1999	10364828
expression of a gibberellin-induced leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase in deepwater rice and its interaction with kinase-associated protein phosphatase.	we identified in deepwater rice (oryza sativa l.) a gene encoding a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like transmembrane protein kinase, ostmk (o. sativa transmembrane kinase). the transcript levels of ostmk increased in the rice internode in response to gibberellin. expression of ostmk was especially high in regions undergoing cell division and elongation. the kinase domain of ostmk was enzymatically active, autophosphorylating on serine and threonine residues. a cdna encoding a rice ortholog of a k ...	1999	10364408
rice enod40: isolation and expression analysis in rice and transgenic soybean root nodules.	the early nodulin enod40 has been proposed as playing a pivotal role in the organogenesis of legume root nodules. we have isolated the enod40 gene homologues obenod40 and osenod40 from the wild and cultivated rice genotypes oryza brachyantha and oryza sativa, respectively. rice enod40s contain a sequence at the 5' end (region i) for encoding an oligopeptide that is highly conserved in all legume enod40s. furthermore, at the 3' end (region ii), the nucleotide sequence of rice enod40s exhibited a ...	1999	10363365
the distribution and copy number of copia-like retrotransposons in rice (oryza sativa l.) and their implications in the organization and evolution of the rice genome.	we used 22 fragments corresponding to the reverse transcriptase domain of copia-like retrotransposons as representatives to study the organization and distribution of these elements in the rice genome. the loci detected by these 22 fragments were assigned to 47 locations in the molecular-linkage map involving all 12 chromosomes. the distributional features of copia-like retrotransposons found in the rice genome indicated that (i) the loci detected were located mainly in one arm of each chromosom ...	1999	10359797
the evaluation of antianaphylactic effect of oryza sativa l. in rats.	this study was carried out to examine the effect of methanol extract of oryza sativa l. (dong-jin in korean, abbreviate as os-dj hereafter) on anaphylaxis. os-dj (10(-5) to 1 g/kg) dose-dependently inhibited systemic anaphylaxis induced by compound 48/80 in rats. when os-dj was pretreated at concentration ranging from 10(-5) to 1 g/kg, the serum histamine levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. os-dj (1 g/kg) also significantly inhibited local anaphylaxis activated by anti-dinitrophenyl ...	1999	10354818
ecological intensification of cereal production systems: yield potential, soil quality, and precision agriculture.	wheat (triticum aestivum l.), rice (oryza sativa l.), and maize (zea mays l.) provide about two-thirds of all energy in human diets, and four major cropping systems in which these cereals are grown represent the foundation of human food supply. yield per unit time and land has increased markedly during the past 30 years in these systems, a result of intensified crop management involving improved germplasm, greater inputs of fertilizer, production of two or more crops per year on the same piece o ...	1999	10339523
purification, characterization, and cdna structure of isoamylase from developing endosperm of rice.	isoamylase (ec 3.2.1.68) in rice (oryza sativa l.) was efficiently purified within a day to homogeneity, as confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), from developing endosperm by sequential use of q sepharose hp anion-exchange chromatography, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and tskgel g4000swxl and g3000swxl gel filtration chromatography. although the protein exhibited a molecular size of ca. 83 kda on sds-page, the apparent size of the native enzyme was ...	1999	10333591
identification of mutable slender glume gene in rice (oryza sativa l.).	the segregation pattern and chromosomal location of a slender glume mutation, induced by gamma-ray irradiation, was investigated. the mutation is genetically unstable: in the selfed progenies of slender glumed plants, not only plants with normal glumes but also plants that are chimeric for glume shape almost always appear at low frequency. the results showed that the mutation is controlled by a single recessive, mutable mutant gene slg. the frequency of reversion of slg to its wild-type state wa ...	1999	10323229
water stress inhibits hydraulic conductance and leaf growth in rice seedlings but not the transport of water via mercury-sensitive water channels in the root	the mechanisms by which moderate water stress (adding polyethylene glycol 6000 to the root medium) induces a sustained inhibition of growth in emerging first leaves of intact rice (oryza sativa) seedlings was investigated under growth-chamber conditions. early (24 h) inhibition of leaf growth was not related to changes in root size or in osmotic potential gradients and cell wall-yielding characteristics in the leaf-expansion zone of stressed seedlings. however, reductions in root-to-leaf hydraul ...	1999	10318692
culture of cells at perfluorocarbon-aqueous interfaces.	protoplasts (wall-less cells) isolated enzymatically from leaf tissues of manihot esculenta, passiflora edulis and petunia parodii, and from cell suspensions of oryza sativa, passiflora giberti, petunia hybrida and salpiglossis sinuata, were cultured for up to 35 d at an interface between the inert, oxygen-gassed perfluorocarbon (pfc) liquid, perfluorodecalin, overlaid with liquid or semi-solidified aqueous media. the maximum increase in mitotic division, as assessed by initial plating efficienc ...	1999	10226688
separation and characterization of proteins from green and etiolated shoots of rice (oryza sativa l.): towards a rice proteome.	proteins extracted from green and etiolated shoots of rice were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and relative molecular weights and isoelectric points were determined. the separated proteins were electroblotted onto a polyvinylidene difluoride membrane and 85 proteins were analyzed by a gas-phase protein sequencer. the n-terminal amino acid sequences of 21 out of 85 proteins were determined in this manner. n-terminal regions of the remaining proteins could not be s ...	1999	10217180
dna sequence comparison considering both amino acid and nucleotide insertions/deletions because of evolution and experimental error.	amino acid similarity often needs to be considered in dna sequence comparison to elucidate gene functions. we propose a smith-waterman-like algorithm which considers amino acid similarity and insertions/deletions in sequences at the dna level and at the protein level in a hybrid manner. the algorithm is applied to cdna sequences of oryza sativa and those of arabidopsis thaliana. the results are compared with the results of application of ncbi's tblastx program (which compares the sequences in th ...	1999	10201112
molecular cloning and characterization of a cdna for an iron-superoxide dismutase in rice (oryza sativa l.).	we have isolated a cdna encoding fe-sod from rice (oryza sativa l.). the deduced amino acid sequence consists of a polypeptide with 255 amino acids, including a putative transit peptide (40 a.a.) in amino-terminal residues. this sequence is similar to the known plant fe-sods but not classified in the group of known fe-sods. the metal analysis and sod assays of the partial purified recombinant protein expressed in e. coli showed that this cdna encodes an iron-containing sod. however this sod acti ...	1999	10192910
iron fortification of rice seed by the soybean ferritin gene.	to improve the iron content of rice, we have transferred the entire coding sequence of the soybean ferritin gene into oryza sativa (l. cv. kita-ake) by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. the rice seed-storage protein glutelin promoter, glub-1, was used to drive expression of the soybean gene specifically in developing, self-pollinated seeds (t1 seeds) of transgenic plants, as confirmed by reverse transcription pcr analysis. stable accumulation of the ferritin subunit in the rice seed was dem ...	1999	10096297
expression of novel homeobox genes in early embryogenesis in rice.	we isolated four novel cdna clones of rice (oryza sativa l.), which encode predicted proteins with a kn1-like homeodomain. in situ hybridization and rt-pcr analysis with solid cdna libraries as templates showed that these genes are expressed in distinct patterns during the early stages of rice embryogenesis.	1999	10095070
haemoglobin (erythrogen)-enhanced post-thaw growth of cryopreserved cells.	supplementation of semi-solid r2 culture medium with a commercial bovine haemoglobin (hb) solution (erythrogen) at 1:50-1:500 (v:v), had beneficial effects on the growth, following cryopreservation, of cells of the indica rice, oryza sativa cv. pusa basmati 1. the mean absorbance, as assessed by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride reduction, of rice cells at 8 d post-thawing, was increased by up to 60% (p < 0.05), compared to cells recovered in the absence of hb. erythrogen (1:50-1:500 v:v) promoted ...	1999	10092937
molecular characterization of a gene for alanine aminotransferase from rice (oryza sativa).	a cdna clone encoding alanine aminotransferase (alaat) has isolated from randomly sequenced clones derived from a cdna library of maturing rice seeds by comparison to previously identified genes. the deduced amino acid sequence was 88% and 91% homologous to those of the enzymes from barley and broomcorn millet (panicum miliaceum), respectively. using this cdna as a probe, we isolated and sequenced the corresponding genomic clone. comparison of the sequences of the cdna and the genomic gene revea ...	1999	10080717
isolation and characterization of an anther-specific gene, ra8, from rice (oryza sativa l.).	an anther-specific cdna clone of rice, ra8, was isolated from an anther cdna library by differential screening. rna blot analysis indicated that the ra8 transcript is present specifically in anthers and the transcript level increased as flowers matured, reaching the highest level in mature flowers. the ra8 clone contains an open reading frame of 264 amino acid residues with a hydrophobic n-terminal region. the deduced amino acid sequences did not show significant homology to any known sequences. ...	1999	10080707
phosphorylation of proteins in the stem section of etiolated rice seedling irradiated with red light.	the molecular mechanism of light signal perception was analyzed using stem sections of etiolated rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings irradiated with red light from a fluorescent lamp. the membrane and cytosol fractions were labeled by 40 nm [gamma-32p]atp for 10 s at 0 degrees c and proteins were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. phosphorylation of three proteins with molecular weights of 16, 17 and 18 kda in the rice increased with the intensity of red light irradiat ...	1999	10077428
non-ltr retrotransposons (lines) as ubiquitous components of plant genomes.	during the course of work aimed at isolating a rice gene from oryza australiensis by pcr, the oligonucleotide primers used were found to generate a fragment that showed sequence homology to the endonuclease (en) region of the maize non-ltr retrotransposon (line) cin4. we carried out further pcrs using oligonucleotide primers that hybridized to these sequences, and found that they amplified several fragments, each with homology to the en regions, from oryza sativa cv. nipponbare as well as o. aus ...	1999	10071212
organization of the 1.9-kb repeat unit rce1 in the centromeric region of rice chromosomes.	this paper presents the first report on the structure of a 14-kb centromere sequence in a cereal genome that includes 1.9-kb direct repeats. the cereal centromeric sequence (ccs1) conserved in some gramineae species contains a 17-bp motif similar to the cenp-b box, which serves as the binding site for the centromere-specific protein cenp-b in human. to isolate centromeric units from rice (oryza sativa l.), we performed pcr using the cenp-b box-like sequences (cbls) as primers. a 264-bp clone was ...	1999	10071204
nitrate-ammonium synergism in rice. a subcellular flux analysis	many reports have shown that plant growth and yield is superior on mixtures of no3- and nh4+ compared with provision of either n source alone. despite its clear practical importance, the nature of this n-source synergism at the cellular level is poorly understood. in the present study we have used the technique of compartmental analysis by efflux and the radiotracer 13n to measure cellular turnover kinetics, patterns of flux partitioning, and cytosolic pool sizes of both no3- and nh4+ in seedlin ...	1999	10069842
gene cloning and expression of cytosolic glutathione reductase in rice (oryza sativa l.).	we have isolated a cdna (rgrc2) encoding glutathione reductase (gr) from rice (oryza sativa l.). the comparison of deduced amino acid sequences from rgrc2 and other plant gr cdnas indicated that rgrc2 encodes a putative cytosolic isoform. the recombinant rgrc2 protein had enzymatic properties comparable to those of gr from rice embryo. subcellular fractionation showed that the rgrc2 protein is localized primarily in cytosol. mrna and protein of rgrc2 were observed mainly in roots and calli but l ...	1998	10050312
jamu gendong, a kind of traditional medicine in indonesia: the microbial contamination of its raw materials and endproduct.	an examination on the microbiological quality of seven kinds of jamu gendong (jg) and their raw materials has been conducted according to the requirements of microbial contamination in traditional medicine, issued by the department of health of indonesia in 1986. samples of jg and their raw materials were taken from producers in three districts of surabaya. the samples were subject to the following examinations: total plate count (tpc), mpn coliform, the enumeration of molds and yeasts, the pres ...	1998	10030724
loss-of-function mutations in the rice homeobox gene osh15 affect the architecture of internodes resulting in dwarf plants.	the rice homeobox gene osh15 (oryza sativa homeobox) is a member of the knotted1-type homeobox gene family. we report here on the identification and characterization of a loss-of-function mutation in osh15 from a library of retrotransposon-tagged lines of rice. based on the phenotype and map position, we have identified three independent deletion alleles of the locus among conventional morphological mutants. all of these recessive mutations, which are considered to be null alleles, exhibit defec ...	1999	10022841
interactions between senescence and leaf orientation determine in situ patterns of photosynthesis and photoinhibition in field-grown rice	photosynthesis and photoinhibition in field-grown rice (oryza sativa l.) were examined in relation to leaf age and orientation. two varieties (ir72 and ir65598-112-2 [bsi206]) were grown in the field in the philippines during the dry season under highly irrigated, well-fertilized conditions. flag leaves were examined 60 and 100 d after transplanting. because of the upright nature of 60-d-old rice leaves, patterns of photosynthesis were determined by solar movements: light falling on the exposed ...	1999	9952451
quantitative intercellular localization of nadh-dependent glutamate synthase protein in different types of root cells in rice plants	the quantitative analysis with immunogold-electron microscopy using a single-affinity-purified anti-nadh-glutamate synthase (gogat) immunoglobulin g (igg) as the primary antibody showed that the nadh-gogat protein was present in various forms of plastids in the cells of the epidermis and exodermis, in the cortex parenchyma, and in the vascular parenchyma of root tips (<10 mm) of rice (oryza sativa) seedlings supplied with 1 mm nh4+ for 24 h. the values of the mean immunolabeling density of plast ...	1999	9952435
overexpression of rice phytochrome a partially complements phytochrome b deficiency in arabidopsis.	the red/far-red reversible phytochromes play a central role in regulating the development of plants in relation to their light environment. studies on the roles of different members of the phytochrome family have mainly focused on light-labile, phytochrome a and light-stable, phytochrome b. although these two phytochromes often regulate identical responses, they appear to have discrete photosensory functions. thus, phytochrome a predominantly mediates responses to prolonged far-red light, as wel ...	1999	9951735
the expression of the salt-responsive gene salt from rice is regulated by hormonal and developmental cues.	the expression pattern of the salt gene was analyzed in different cell types and organs of rice (oryza sativa l.) in response to saline and hormonal treatments to obtain detailed information on the physiological cues controlling gene expression. gel blot analysis of rna and in-situ hybridization performed on seedlings grown for 10 ds in the presence of 1% nacl revealed that salt was expressed mainly in the younger tissues of the plant. in contrast, 6-week-old plants exhibited maximal salt mrna a ...	1998	9951720
construction of a dna library from chromosome 4 of rice (oryza sativa) by microdissection.	a simple method to create a chromosome-specific dna library of rice, including microdissection, amplification, characterization and cloning, is described. rice chromosome 4 from a metaphase cell has been isolated and amplified by the linker adapter pcr (la-pcr). the pcr products were labeled as probes with dig-11-dutp using the random priming method. southern blot analysis with rice genomic dna and specific rflp markers demonstrated that the pcr products were derived from rice chromosome 4. a la ...	1998	9934536
identification of the gene structure and promoter region of h+-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatase in rice (oryza sativa l. ).	in order to determine the gene structure and promoter region of vacuolar h+-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatase (v-ppase), we isolated the genomic clones using a rice bac library and probes derived from rice v-ppase cdna (ovp1). the entire ovp1 gene is approx. 5.4 kb in length, and seven introns interrupt the coding sequence of ovp1. the first intron is extremely large (1869 bp), while the other introns are between 82 and 170 bp. a transcription initiation site, identified by a primer extens ...	1999	9931464
identification and characterization of novel retrotransposons of the gypsy type in rice.	we found that two dna fragments, which were obtained from oryza sativa l cv. ir36 by pcr using degenerate primers designed for amplification of a rice gene, showed homology with the rt gene encoding reverse transcriptase of the drosophila retrotransposon gypsy. we named the element from which they originated rire3 (for rice retrotransposon no. 3) and analyzed it further by isolating various clones containing segments of rire3. nucleotide sequencing of the clones revealed that rire3 has ltrs (231 ...	1999	9928939
isolation and characterization of a satellite dna family in the saccharum complex.	eacir1, a 371-bp erianthus-specific satellite dna sequence, was cloned from taqi restricted genomic dna after agarose-gel electrophoresis. this sequence has 77% homology with a 365-bp satellite of helictotrichon convolutum and 72% homology with a 353-bp tandem repeat sequence from oryza sativa. pcr primers defined in the conserved regions of these repetitive sequences were used to isolate other satellite dnas in different representatives of the saccharum complex: socir1 in saccharum officinarum, ...	1998	9924794
cloning and sequencing of cdna encoding the rice methionyl-trna synthetase.	three overlapping clones of cdna, mos43, mos28 and mos60, coding for methionyl-trna synthetase were obtained by screening the oryza sativa lambda gt11 library. their nucleotide sequence of 2850 bp was determined. the deduced amino-acid sequence of the isolated clones contains a hlgn and kfsks motifs, which are conserved for this family of enzymes and have been proposed to be the signature sequences for class i aminoacyl-trna synthetases. a comparison of the rice metrs primary structure with thos ...	1998	9918493
purification and molecular genetic characterization of zpu1, a pullulanase-type starch-debranching enzyme from maize.	this study identified and purified specific isoamylase- and pullulanase-type starch-debranching enzymes (dbes) present in developing maize (zea mays l.) endosperm. the cdna clone zpu1 was isolated based on its homology with a rice (oryza sativa l.) cdna coding for a pullulanase-type dbe. comparison of the protein product, zpu1, with 18 other dbes identified motifs common to both isoamylase- and pullulanase-type enzymes, as well as class-specific sequence blocks. hybridization of zpu1 to genomic ...	1999	9880368
temporal and spatial patterns of accumulation of the transcript of myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase and phytin-containing particles during seed development in rice.	myo-inositol-1-phosphate (i[1]p) synthase (ec 5.5.1.4) catalyzes the reaction from glucose 6-phosphate to i(1)p, the first step of myo-inositol biosynthesis. among the metabolites of i(1)p is inositol hexakisphosphate, which forms a mixed salt called phytin or phytate, a storage form of phosphate and cations in seeds. we have isolated a rice (oryza sativa l.) cdna clone, prino1, that is highly homologous to the i(1)p synthase from yeast and plants. northern analysis of total rna showed that the ...	1999	9880347
differential expression of genes for cyclin-dependent protein kinases in rice plants.	cyclin-dependent protein kinases (cdks) play key roles in regulating the eukaryotic cell cycle. we have analyzed the expression of four rice (oryza sativa) cdk genes, cdc2os1, cdc2os2, cdc2os3, and r2, by in situ hybridization of sections of root apices. transcripts of cdc2os1, cdc2os2, and r2 were detected uniformly in the dividing region of the root apex. cdc2os1 and cdc2os2 were also expressed in differentiated cells such as those in the sclerenchyma, pericycle, and parenchyma of the central ...	1999	9880343
adventitious root growth and cell-cycle induction in deepwater rice	deepwater rice (oryza sativa) is adapted to survive conditions of severe flooding over extended periods of time. during such periods adventitious roots develop to provide water, nutrients, and anchorage. in the present study the growth of adventitious roots was induced by treatment with ethylene but not auxin, cytokinin, or gibberellin. root elongation was enhanced between 8 and 10 h after submergence. the population of cells in the s phase and expression of the s-phase-specific histone h3 gene ...	1999	9880342
isolation, analysis and expression of homologues of the soybean early nodulin gene gmenod93 (gmn93) from rice.	rice (oryza sativa var. nipponbare) possesses two different homologues of the soybean early nodulin gene gmenod93 (gmn93). analysis of the cdna clones of rice homologues showed that osenod93a has an open reading frame (orf) with a coding sequence homology of 58.2% to gmenod93, whereas the orf of osenod93b has displayed a homology of 42.3%. osenod93a and osenod93b genes are differentially expressed in different parts of the rice plant, as well as in cultured cells induced or non-induced with chit ...	1998	9878846
proteins involved in membrane transport between the er and the golgi apparatus: 21 putative plant homologues revealed by dbest searching.	numerous proteins have been identified in yeast and mammalian cells which are involved in trafficking between the endoplasmic reticulum and the golgi apparatus. a great number of partial cdna sequences now available from the two major plant model species, arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa, makes it possible to identify putative plant homologues of known genes/proteins from non-plant species. the authors used this approach to screen the database of expressed sequence tags (dbest) in order to ...	1998	9878102
stereochemistry of the reduction of 24-ethyldesmosterol to sitosterol in tissue cultures of oryza sativa.	feeding of [26-13c]- and [27-13c]-24-ethyldesmosterols to cultured cells of oryza sativa followed by 13c-nmr analysis of the biosynthesized sitosterol revealed that the reduction of 24(25)-double bond proceeds with an anti-addition of hydrogen atoms, thus the e-methyl group of the olefinic precursor becomes the pro-s-methyl on c-25 of sitosterol.	1998	9871655
metabolic engineering of rice leading to biosynthesis of glycinebetaine and tolerance to salt and cold.	genetically engineered rice (oryza sativa l.) with the ability to synthesize glycinebetaine was established by introducing the coda gene for choline oxidase from the soil bacterium arthrobacter globiformis. levels of glycinebetaine were as high as 1 and 5 micromol per gram fresh weight of leaves in two types of transgenic plant in which choline oxidase was targeted to the chloroplasts (chlcod plants) and to the cytosol (cytcod plants), respectively. although treatment with 0.15 m nacl [corrected ...	1998	9869407
isolation and characterization of a rice homebox gene, osh15.	in many eukaryotic organisms including plants, homeobox genes are thought to be master regulators that establish the cellular or regional identities and specify the fundamental body plan. we isolated and characterized a cdna designated osh15 (oryza sativa homeobox 15) that encodes a knotted-type homeodomain protein. transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing the osh15 cdna showed a dramatically altered morphological phenotype caused by disturbance of specific aspects of tobacco development, thereb ...	1998	9869405
expression and immunolocalisation of the snowdrop lectin, gna in transgenic rice plants.	transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.) plants generated through particle bombardment expressed high levels of an insecticidal protein (the snowdrop lectin, gna) directed against sap-sucking insects. engineered plants expressed gna either constitutively or in a tissue specific manner, depending on the nature of the promoter used to drive expression of the gene. we used specific antibodies raised against gna to localize its expression in phloem tissue in plants engineered with the rice sucrose synthase ...	1998	9859225
novel euryarchaeotal lineages detected on rice roots and in the anoxic bulk soil of flooded rice microcosms	because excised, washed roots of rice (oryza sativa) immediately produce ch4 when they are incubated under anoxic conditions (p. frenzel and u. bosse, fems microbiol. ecol. 21:25-36, 1996), we employed a culture-independent molecular approach to identify the methanogenic microbial community present on roots of rice plants. archaeal small-subunit rrna-encoding genes were amplified directly from total root dna by pcr and then cloned. thirty-two archaeal rice root (arr) gene clones were randomly se ...	1998	9835592
physical mapping of duplicated genomic regions of two chromosome ends in rice.	two genomic regions duplicated in distal ends of the short arms of chromosomes 11 and 12 in rice (oryza sativa l.) were characterized by yac ordering with 46 genetic markers. physical maps covering most of the duplicated regions were generated. thirty-five markers, including 21 rice cdna clones, showed the duplicated loci arrayed strictly in the same order along the two specific genomic regions. regardless of their different genetic distances, the two duplicated segments may have a similar and m ...	1998	9832535
isolation of a novel auxin receptor from soluble fractions of rice (oryza sativa l.) shoots.	an auxin binding protein (abp) was isolated from the shoots of rice seedlings and characterized. the abp was found to be a monomer with a molecular mass of 57 kda and play a crucial role via auxin binding in regulating h+ translocation activity of the plasma membrane in a typical biphasic manner. the results of binding equilibrium experiments indicate that the abp binds indole 3-acetic acid with a high affinity (kd = 1.9 x 10(-8) m), having four primary binding sites for auxin and some secondary ...	1998	9827553
proline suppresses rubisco activity in higher plants.	seedlings of brassica juncea, sesbania sesban, and oryza sativa exposed to salt stress accumulated proline to levels as high as 4- to 20-fold over those of controls. because chloroplasts are the major site for synthesis of stress induced proline accumulation, in vitro studies were conducted to see how the over-accumulation of this solute influences the activity of the major chloroplastic enzyme ribulose 1,5-bis-phosphate carboxylase (rubisco) purified from the above plant species. surprisingly, ...	1998	9826546
carbonic anhydrase activity and co2-transfer resistance in zn-deficient rice leaves	it has been reported that carbonic anhydrase (ca) activity in plant leaves is decreased by zn deficiency. we examined the effects of zn deficiency on the activity of ca and on photosynthesis by leaves in rice plants (oryza sativa l.). zn deficiency increased the transfer resistance from the stomatal cavity to the site of co2 fixation 2. 3-fold and, consequently, the value of the transfer resistance relative to the total resistance in the co2-assimilation process increased from 10% to 21%. this c ...	1998	9808737
tissue localization of expansins in deepwater rice.	expansins are a family of proteins capable of inducing stress relaxation of isolated cell walls. in earlier studies, we showed that the expression of expansin genes in deepwater rice (oryza sativa l.) is regulated by developmental, hormonal and environmental stimuli. here, we describe the spatial distribution pattern of expansin transcripts and proteins in tissues and organs of deepwater rice using in situ mrna hybridization and immunohistochemical analysis. expansin transcripts and proteins are ...	1998	9807819
[genetic analysis on a new sterile locus discovered in hybrids between indica and japonica rice (oryza sativa l.)].	japonica line 02428, possessing wide compatibility gene s-5n, showed semi-sterility as crossed with indica variety ir24. genetic analysis was conducted on the spikelet fertility in segregation generations from the crosses of 02428 with ir24, pecos and akihikara. the results indicated that the sterility in hybrids between 02428 and ir24 was controlled by a single non-allelic to s-5 gene and its inheritance fitted to one-locus sporo-gametophytic interaction model. pecos, an american variety, has a ...	1998	9800438
molecular dissection of developmental behavior of plant height in rice (oryza sativa l.).	a doubled haploid population of 123 lines from ir64/azucena was used to dissect the developmental behavior and genotype by environment interaction for plant height by conditional and unconditional quantitative trait loci (qtl) mapping methods in rice. it was shown that the number of qtl detected was different at various measuring stages. some qtl could be detected at all stages and some only at one or several stages. more qtl could be found on the basis of time-dependent measures of different st ...	1998	9799277
changes in growth co2 result in rapid adjustments of ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit gene expression in expanding and mature leaves of rice	the accumulation of soluble carbohydrates resulting from growth under elevated co2 may potentially signal the repression of gene activity for the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbcs). to test this hypothesis we grew rice (oryza sativa l.) under ambient (350 &mgr;l l-1) and high (700 &mgr;l l-1) co2 in outdoor, sunlit, environment-controlled chambers and performed a cross-switching of growth co2 concentration at the late-vegetative phase. within 24 h, plants swi ...	1998	9765537
production of transgenic rice (oryza sativa subspecies japonica cv. taipei 309).		1998	9760528
expression of snowdrop lectin (gna) in transgenic rice plants confers resistance to rice brown planthopper.	snowdrop lectin (galanthus nivalis agglutinin; gna) has been shown previously to be toxic towards rice brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens; bph) when administered in artificial diet. bph feeds by phloem abstraction, and causes 'hopper burn', as well as being an important virus vector. to evaluate the potential of the gna gene to confer resistance towards bph, transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.) plants were produced, containing the gna gene in constructs where its expression was driven by a phloe ...	1998	9753773
genomic dna sequence of a rice gene coding for a pullulanase-type of starch debranching enzyme.	a genomic dna containing a rice (oryza sativa l., cv. norin-8) gene coding for a pullulanase-type starch debranching enzyme (ec 3.2.1. 41) was sequenced (embl/genbank/ddbj accession number ab012915). along the 15, 248 bp dna, the pullulanase gene is split into 26 exons. the four pullulanase consensus regions are positioned in the middle portion of the sequence and are separated by long introns and 1-3 exons. comparison of the rice cv. norin-8 pullulanase genomic structure with that of barley pul ...	1998	9748665
organization and structure of nadh-dependent glutamate synthase gene from rice plants.	genomic clones for nadh-dependent glutamate synthase (nadh-gogat; ec 1.4.1.14) were obtained from a genomic library of rice (oryza sativa l. cv. sasanishki). a genomic clone (lambdaos42, 14 kb) covered an entire structural gene and a 3.7 kb 5'-upstream region from the first methionine. another clone (lambdaos23, 14 kb) contained a 2.8 kb 3'-downstream region from the stop codon. a 7047 bp long clone (lambdaosr51) consisting of full length cdna for nadh-gogat was isolated from a cdna library prep ...	1998	9748637
use of alternate splice sites in granule-bound starch synthase mrna from low-amylose rice varieties.	the rice waxy gene encodes a granule-bound starch synthase (gbss) necessary for the synthesis of amylose in endosperm tissue. we have previously shown that a ct microsatellite near the transcriptional start site of the gbss gene can distinguish 7 alleles that accounted for more than 80% of the variation in apparent amylose content in an extended pedigree of 89 us rice cultivars (oryza sativa l.). furthermore, all the cultivars with 18% or less amylose were shown to have the sequence agttata at t ...	1998	9747848
characterization of the rice pathogen-related protein rir1a and regulation of the corresponding gene.	in rice (oryza sativa l.), local acquired resistance against pyricularia oryzae (cav.), the causal agent of rice blast, can be induced by a preinoculation with the non-host pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. we have cloned a cdna (rir1a) and a closely related gene (rir1b) corresponding to transcripts that accumulate in leaf tissue upon inoculation with p. syringae pv. syringae. the cdna encodes a putative 107 amino acid protein, rir1a, that exhibits a putative signal peptide cleavage si ...	1998	9747803
a single base change altered the regulation of the waxy gene at the posttranscriptional level during the domestication of rice.	the rice waxy (wx) locus has two functional alleles, wxa and wxb, which are defined by a large difference in the amount of the gene product, called wx protein, that accumulates in mature seeds. to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying this difference and to identify the base change causing the alteration of the regulation of the wx gene during rice evolution, we determined the nucleotide sequences of the regulatory region of wx alleles and analyzed their function in a transient assay syst ...	1998	9718725
expression of abscisic acid-responsive element-binding protein in salt-tolerant indica rice (oryza sativa l. cv. pokkali).	as the products of abiotic stress and aba inducible genes are predicted to play an important role in the mechanism of salt tolerance, the expression of transcription factor that recognizes abscisic acid-responsive element (abre) is likely to be regulated when plants are exposed to abiotic stress. northern analysis of total rna from control and salt-treated 10-day-old pokkali (salt tolerant) rice plants was performed to find out the level of transcripts homologous to wheat cdna (gc19) for embp-1 ...	1998	9687067
sugar sensing and alpha-amylase gene repression in rice embryos.	we used a transient expression system to study the mechanism by which carbohydrates repress a rice (oryza sativa l.) alpha-amylase (ec 3.2.1.1) gene. exogenously fed metabolizable carbohydrates are able to elicit repression of the alpha-amylase gene ramy3d in the rice embryo, and our results indicate that repression is also triggered efficiently by endogenous carbohydrates. glucose analogs that are taken up by plant cells but not phosphorylated by hexokinase are unable to repress the alpha-amyla ...	1998	9684366
[the use of a multimix as a dietary supplement: study in rats].	a multimistura (mm)--sweet cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) leaf flour, wheat bran (tritium aestivum l.), egg shell powder, pumpkin (cucurbita spp) and sunflower (heliantus annus) seed flours--was added to a mixture of beans, 7% (phaseolus vulgaris) and rice, 3% (oryza sativa) and its effects, were assessed in weanling, male albino (wistar) rats (n = 60). animals were divided into 6 groups: groups 1, 2 and 3 were fed beans + rice + multimixture (b + r + mm), beans + rice (b + r) and 10% casein ...	1997	9673680
dehydration-stress-regulated transgene expression in stably transformed rice plants	to confer abscisic acid (aba) and/or stress-inducible gene expression, an aba-response complex (abrc1) from the barley (hordeum vulgare l.) hva22 gene was fused to four different lengths of the 5' region from the rice (oryza sativa l.) act1 gene. transient assay of beta-glucuronidase (gus) activity in barley aleurone cells shows that, coupled with abrc1, the shortest minimal promoter (act1-100p) gives both the greatest induction and the highest level of absolute activity following aba treatment. ...	1998	9662533
rice (oryza sativa) centromeric regions consist of complex dna.	rice bacterial artificial chromosome clones containing centromeric dna were isolated by using a dna sequence (psau3a9) that is present in the centromeres of gramineae species. seven distinct repetitive dna elements were isolated from a 75-kilobase rice bacterial artificial chromosome clone. all seven dna elements are present in every rice centromere as demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization. six of the elements are middle repetitive, and their copy numbers range from approximately 50 ...	1998	9653153
rice bifunctional alpha-amylase/subtilisin inhibitor: characterization, localization, and changes in developing and germinating seeds.	a bifunctional alpha-amylase/subtilisin inhibitor (rasi) was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from rice (oryza sativa l.) bran. its molecular mass was 21 kda by sds-page and its isoelectric point was 9.05. purified rasi inhibited subtilisin carlsberg strongly and inhibited alpha-amylase from germinating rice seeds weakly. it inhibited rice alpha-amylase more than barley alpha-amylase, and the inhibition of rice alpha-amylase was greater at higher phs. rasi did not inhibit trypsin, chymotr ...	1998	9648230
in rice, oryzalin and abscisic acid differentially affect tubulin mrna and protein levels.	the effect of the anti-microtubular drug oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-n4,n4-dipropylsulfanilamide) on growth and elongation of rice (oryza sativa l. cv. arborio) roots and coleoptiles was investigated. at 100 nm, oryzalin strongly reduced primary root elongation, caused loss of cell anisotropy and the disappearance of the cortical microtubule array. under these conditions the amounts of alpha- and beta-tubulin protein, but not mrna, were heavily reduced. similar data were also obtained in coleoptile se ...	1998	9640661
three-dimensional analysis of the senescence program in rice (oryza sativa l.) coleoptiles. investigations of tissues and cells by fluorescence microscopy.	the coleoptile of rice (oryza sativa l. cv. nippon-bare) emerges from an imbibed seed on day 2 after sowing. then, it matures and senesces rapidly. for analysis of the senescence pattern within individual coleoptiles, we monitored the distribution of chlorophyll (chl) in entire coleoptiles and in cross-sections of coleoptiles by recording the autofluorescence of chl. degradation of chl was apparent at the tip of the margins of opened-out coleoptiles on day 4, when the overall levels of soluble p ...	1998	9637068
characterization of su1 isoamylase, a determinant of storage starch structure in maize.	function of the maize (zea mays) gene sugary1 (su1) is required for normal starch biosynthesis in endosperm. homozygous su1- mutant endosperms accumulate a highly branched polysaccharide, phytoglycogen, at the expense of the normal branched component of starch, amylopectin. these data suggest that both branched polysaccharides share a common precursor, and that the product of the su1 gene, designated su1, participates in kernel starch biosynthesis. su1 is similar in sequence to alpha-(1-->6) glu ...	1998	9625695
a new class ii rice chitinase, rcht2, whose induction by fungal elicitor is abolished by protein phosphatase 1 and 2a inhibitor.	among the four classes of chitinase, a class ii chitinase had not yet been reported for rice. we have isolated and characterized a class ii acidic chitinase, rcht2, from rice (oryza sativa l. cv. cheongcheongbyeo). the protein consists of a single polypeptide chain of 261 amino acid residues and includes a putative signal sequence of 29 amino acids at its n-terminus. it has a calculated molecular mass of 27,642 da and an isoelectric point of 5.56. the rcht2 chitinase lacks the cysteine-rich and ...	1998	9617819
rice phloem thioredoxin h has the capacity to mediate its own cell-to-cell transport through plasmodesmata.	rice (oryza sativa l.) phloem sieve tubes contain rpp13-1, a thioredoxin h protein that moves around the plant via the translocation stream. such phloem-mobile proteins are thought to be synthesized in the companion cells prior to being transferred, through plasmodesmata, to the enucleate sieve-tube members. in this study, in-situ hybridization experiments confirmed that expression of rpp13-1 is restricted to companion cells within the mature phloem. to test the hypothesis that rpp13-1 enters th ...	1998	9599802
intron loss and gain during evolution of the catalase gene family in angiosperms.	angiosperms (flowering plants), including both monocots and dicots, contain small catalase gene families. in the dicot, arabidopsis thaliana, two catalase (cat) genes, cat1 and cat3, are tightly linked on chromosome 1 and a third, cat2, which is more similar to cat1 than to cat3, is unlinked on chromosome 4. comparison of positions and numbers of introns among 13 angiosperm catalase genomic sequences indicates that intron positions are conserved, and suggests that an ancestral catalase gene comm ...	1998	9584109
purification and characterization of a low-molecular-weight phospholipase a2 from developing seeds of elm.	phospholipase a2 (pla2) was purified about 180,000 times compared with the starting soluble-protein extract from developing elm (ulmus glabra) seeds. on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the purified fraction showed a single protein band with a mobility that corresponded to 15 kd, from which activity could be recovered. when analyzed by matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, the enzyme had a deduced mass of 13,900 d. a 53-amino acid- ...	1998	9576789
cloning of genes specifically expressed in rice embryogenic cells.	we have examined differences in gene expression pattern between embryogenic callus (ec) and nonembryogenic callus (nec) derived from mature seed embryo of rice (oryza sativa l. cv donggin). three ec-specific transcripts were identified by differential display of amplified cdnas. specific expression of two partial cdnas, designated as rec1 and rec2, respectively, was confirmed by a northern blot analysis. partial nucleotide sequence of the clone rec1 showed no homology with any known genes, but p ...	1998	9571633
expression of nadh-dependent glutamate synthase protein in the epidermis and exodermis of rice roots in response to the supply of ammonium ions.	the mrna and protein for nadh-dependent glutamate synthase (nadh-gogat; ec 1.4.1.14) in root tips of rice (oryza sativa l. cv. sasanishiki) plants increases dramatically within 12 h of supplying a low concentration (> 0.05 mm) of ammonium ions (t. yamaya et al., 1995, plant cell physiol 36: 1197-1204). to identify the specific cells which are responsible for this rapid increase, the cellular localization of nadh-gogat protein was investigated immunocytologically with an affinity-purified anti-na ...	1998	9530872
cdna cloning and tissue specific expression of a gene for sucrose transporter from rice (oryza sativa l.).	we describe the cloning and expression analysis of a sucrose transporter cdna from a monocot (the rice plant, oryza sativa l.). the cdna clone (ossut1) encoded an open reading frame of 1,611 bp (537 amino acids) and showed 76.8 to 79.7% similarity at the amino acid level to other sucrose transporters of dicot species. the predicted membrane topology of ossut1 protein is made up of 12 transmembrane helices which is consistent with most of the mono- and disaccharide transporters previously identif ...	1997	9522469
the genomic organization of non-ltr retrotransposons (lines) from three beta species and five other angiosperms.	we have isolated and characterized conserved regions of the reverse transcriptase gene from non-ltr retrotransposons, also called long interspersed nuclear elements (lines), from beta vulgaris, b. lomatogona and b. nana. the novel elements show strong homology to other non-ltr retrotransposons from plants, man and animals. lines are present in all species of the genus beta tested, but there was variation in copy number. analysis by southern hybridization and fluorescent in situ hybridization rev ...	1998	9520275
the involvement of ca2+-dependent protein kinase in the regeneration of rice cultured suspension cells.	short-term cultured cells of rice (oryza sativa) were found to be capable of regeneration, in contrast to those obtained from long-term cultures. for clarification of the mechanism of regeneration, it was first necessary to distinguish protein kinase activity in long-term and short-term cultured cells; this activity was found greater in the former than latter. the activity was dependent on calcium, not phospholipid, phorbol ester or calmodulin. the apparent mr of both ca2+-dependent protein kina ...	1998	9514612
enhanced post-thaw viability of cryopreserved cells by oxygenated perfluorocarbon or pluronic f-68.	viability and growth following cryopreservation have been examined following (i) culture of oryza sativa cv. taipei 309 (japonica rice) in medium overlaying oxygenated perfluorocarbon (pfc) liquid (flutec pp6), and (ii) culture of two cvs. of japonica rice (taipei 309, tarom), and lolium multiflorum in media with pluronic f-68 (0.01-0.2% w/v). the mean viability of cv. taipei 309 rice cells following 4 days in medium overlaying oxygenated flutec (0.45 +/- 0.07; n = 20) was significantly (p < 0.0 ...	1998	9507754
movement of rice yellow mottle virus between xylem cells through pit membranes.	the translocation of rice yellow mottle virus (rymv) within tissues of inoculated and systemically infected oryza sativa l. leaves was characterized by western immunoblotting, northern blotting, and electron microscopy of thin sections. in inoculated leaves, rymv rna and coat protein first were detected at 3 and 5 days postinoculation, respectively. by 6 days postinoculation, rymv had spread systemically to leaves, and virus particles were observed in most cell types, including epidermal, mesoph ...	1998	9501261
effects of hypoxia on 13nh4+ fluxes in rice roots. kinetics and compartmental analysis kinetics and compartmental analysis	techniques of compartmental (efflux) and kinetic influx analyses with the radiotracer 13nh4+ were used to examine the adaptation to hypoxia (15, 35, and 50% o2 saturation) of root n uptake and metabolism in 3-week-old hydroponically grown rice (oryza sativa l., cv ir72) seedlings. a time-dependence study of nh4+ influx into rice roots after onset of hypoxia (15% o2) revealed an initial increase in the first 1 to 2.5 h after treatment imposition, followed by a decline to less than 50% of influx i ...	1998	9490761
evidence for a cytoskeleton-associated binding site involved in prolamine mrna localization to the protein bodies in rice endosperm tissue	previous studies have demonstrated that the mrnas encoding the prolamine and glutelin storage proteins are localized to morphologically distinct membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum (er) complex in developing rice (oryza sativa l.) endosperm cells. to gain insight about this mrna localization process, we investigated the association of prolamine polysomes on the er that delimit the prolamine protein bodies (pbs). the bulk of the prolamine polysomes were resistant to extraction by 1% triton x-1 ...	1998	9490759
alteration of hormone levels in transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing the rice homeobox gene osh1.	the rice (oryza sativa l.) homeobox gene osh1 causes morphological alterations when ectopically expressed in transgenic rice, arabidopsis thaliana, and tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) and is therefore believed to function as a morphological regulator gene. to determine the relationship between osh1 expression and morphological alterations, we analyzed the changes in hormone levels in transgenic tobacco plants exhibiting abnormal morphology. levels of the plant hormones indole-3-acetic acid, absci ...	1998	9489007
isolation, characterization and mrna expression of four cdnas encoding translation elongation factor 1a from rice (oryza sativa l.).	four different cdna clones encoding protein synthesis elongation factor 1a, eef1a, were isolated from rice (oryza sativa l.). the genes encoded by these cdnas were designated rice elongation factor 1a genes refa1, refa2, refa3 and refa4. the genes encoded identical eef-1a polypeptides and shared high amino acid identity with eef1a of other eukaryotes. southern blot analysis suggested that some of these refa genes may be organized in a cluster on the same chromosome within a short distance. pcr a ...	1998	9484469
the mammalian homologue of mago nashi encodes a serum-inducible protein.	the products of at least 11 maternal effect genes have been shown to be essential for proper germ plasm assembly in drosophila melanogaster embryos. here we report the isolation and characterization of the mammalian counterpart for one of these genes (named magoh for mago nashi homologue). the predicted amino acid sequence of mouse and human magoh are completely identical; magoh homologues from the nematode caenorhabditis elegans and rice grain oryza sativa also show a remarkable degree of amino ...	1998	9479507
a high-density rice genetic linkage map with 2275 markers using a single f2 population.	a 2275-marker genetic map of rice (oryza sativa l.) covering 1521.6 cm in the kosambi function has been constructed using 186 f2 plants from a single cross between the japonica variety nipponbare and the indica variety kasalath. the map provides the most detailed and informative genetic map of any plant. centromere locations on 12 linkage groups were determined by dosage analysis of secondary and telotrisomics using > 130 dna markers located on respective chromosome arms. a limited influence on ...	1998	9475757
the effects of a selection of alkaloids on the invertase activity of some higher plants.	the effects of several alkaloids on the invertase activities of ricinus communis, solanum tuberosum, oryza sativa and carica papaya were studied. the following alkaloids: caffeine, berberine, strychnine, morphine, ethyl-narceine and nornicotine, have different inhibitory effects on invertase activity. kinetic studies of the alkaloid inhibition revealed that different alkaloids exhibited diverse types of inhibition of invertase. it was found that alkaloids form reversible complexes with invertase ...	1997	9442928
maturation and translation mechanisms involved in the expression of a myb gene of rice.	we have isolated two overlapping cdnas coding for a myb-related protein expressed in aerobic and anaerobic rice (oryza sativa) roots and coleoptiles. analysis of their sequences reveals some peculiar features, suggesting the presence of post-transcriptional regulation events: an upstream orf, two unspliced introns and a putative leucine zipper in the orf coded by the unspliced rna. transient expression in protoplasts indicates that the upstream orf inhibits expression of a downstream coding sequ ...	1997	9426621
nuclear encoding of a plastid sigma factor in rice and its tissue- and light-dependent expression.	a full-length cdna encoding a putative sigma factor for a plastid rna polymerase was isolated from the higher plant oryza sativa . the nucleotide sequence of the corresponding nuclear gene, named os-siga ( o.sativa sigma a), predicts a polypeptide of 519 amino acids that contains a putative plastid-targeting sequence in its n-terminal region. the predicted mature protein shows extensive sequence homology to bacterial sigma factors, encompassing the conserved regions 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 3, 4 ...	1998	9421493
fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase activity in leaves of a rice mutant selected for enhanced lysine.	unknown proteins isolated from mutant tissues of rice (oryza sativa l.) recovered from inhibitor selections were subsequently peptide microsequenced. database searches putatively identified one peptide as fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (ec 4.1.2.13). tissues of mutant rice, pi564784, and wild type (cv calrose 76) tissues were evaluated for aldolase activity. total enzyme activities were slightly lower in the mutant than the control but the differences were not significant. although the mutan ...	1997	9419899
plant regeneration of indica rice (oryza sativa) cultivars from mature embryo-derived calli.	plant regeneration from seven-week-old callus cultures derived from mature embryos of several indica rice cultivars was achieved with frequencies of morphogenic calli from 10 to 47%. three media were tested both for callogenesis and plant regeneration. for 3 of the 7 genotypes examined, the best combination of media for plant regeneration was murashige & skoog basal medium: msc (callogenesis) and msr (regeneration). the rates of callogenesis were not related to the capacity for plant regeneratio ...	1997	9404510
water permeability of plasma membranes of cultured rice, grape, and ch27 cells measured dielectrically.	the capacitance of suspensions of cultured rice cells (oryza sativa l. ssp. japonica), grape cells (vitis sp.), and ch27 cells originated from murine b-cell lymphoma was measured in the frequency range of 0.2 to 10 mhz. the relationship between the increase in capacitance caused by the presence of cells at 0.4 mhz, delta c, and the cell density was linear. measurement of capacitance was useful in measurement of transitional changes in cell volume under external osmotic stress when sucrose was ad ...	1997	9404061
rice hemoglobins. gene cloning, analysis, and o2-binding kinetics of a recombinant protein synthesized in escherichia coli.	although nonsymbiotic hemoglobins (hbs) are found in different tissues of dicots and monocots, very little is known about hb genes in monocots and the function of hbs in nonsymbiotic tissues. we report the cloning and analysis of two rice (oryza sativa l.) hb genes, hb1 and hb2, that code for plant hbs. rice hb1 and hb2 genes contain four exons and three introns, as with all of the known plant hb genes. at least three copies of the hb gene were detected in rice dna, and analysis of gene expressi ...	1997	9390447