Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| beta-lactamase induction antagonizes beta-lactam susceptibilities in citrobacter diversus and enterobacter cloacae clinical isolates. | inducible beta-lactamases were obtained after exposure to several beta-lactams in clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter diversus. enzyme production was related to the inducer and medium composition. beta-lactamase is able to inactivate only labile compounds, thus generating minimum inhibitory concentrations higher than in the absence of the inducer; imipenem susceptibilities usually were not changed. | 1991 | 1819615 |
| antibacterial activities of amoxicillin alone and in combination with clavulanic acid correlated with beta-lactamase production. | amoxicillin, a beta-lactam antibiotic, was tested for its effect in combination with clavulanic acid, a beta-lactamase inhibitor, against 9 species of bacteria isolated from clinical specimens. a total of 698 strains of bacteria were tested for beta-lactamase production by the rapid chromogenic cephalosporin method. their susceptibilities to amoxicillin alone and in combination with clavulanic acid were tested by the agar dilution method. the percentage of beta-lactamase producing strains ranged ... | 1991 | 1818798 |
| reduction of capsular polysaccharide and potentiation of aminoglycoside inhibition in gram-negative bacteria by bismuth subsalicylate. | bismuth subsalicylate (bss), sodium salicylate, and bismuth nitrate were compared with respect to their effects on capsular polysaccharide (cps) production, bacterial growth inhibition, and potentiation of aminoglycoside inhibition on strains of gram-negative bacteria. at 250 microm, bss reduced cps production in klebsiella pneumoniae cultures by greater than 90% in contrast to a 36% reduction by salicylate. at 500 microm, salicylate reduced cps by 52%, versus a 70% reduction by bismuth nitrate. ... | 1991 | 1816178 |
| antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin administered intravenously in a pharmacodynamic in vitro model. | the antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was evaluated in an in vitro model by simulating its pharmacokinetics following a single 100 or 200 mg administration intravenously. the one compartment open model described by grasso and coworkers was used for these experiments. ciprofloxacin concentrations in the model were reproduced by calculations based on the concentration-time curve in human volunteers as reported by wise and others. the maximum r ... | 1991 | 1813438 |
| antimicrobial activity of ru29246 (hr916 metabolite) compared with four other oral beta-lactams tested against more than 5000 clinical isolates. | the activity of ru29246, the active metabolite of the oral cephalosporin ester hr916, was compared in a multicenter study with that of the four oral beta-lactam antibiotics cephalexin, cefaclor, cefixime and amoxicillin/clavulanate (amoxicillin/ca). ru29246 was generally 2- to 8-fold more active than the other oral cephalosporins and comparable to amoxicillin/ca against staphylococci, and was the most active cephalosporin against group b streptococci. all four cephalosporins were ineffective aga ... | 1991 | 1810737 |
| in vitro and in vivo activity of carbamate-linked dual-action antibacterial ro 24-4383. | ro 24-4383 contains desacetylcefotaxime linked by a carbamate bond at the 3' position to ciprofloxacin. ro 24-4383 was active against 99% of the 363 gram-positive and gram-negative aerobes tested in vitro, while the comparative agents cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin were active against 77 and 97%, respectively. the activities (ed50: mg/kg s.c.) of ro 24-4383, cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin in systemic murine infections were: escherichia coli 257, 1.4, less than 0.5, less than 0.2; klebsiella pneumoni ... | 1991 | 1804592 |
| an evaluation of the antibacterial activities of combinations of sulfonamides, trimethoprim, dibromopropamidine, and silver nitrate compared with their uptakes by selected bacteria. | modifications of antibacterial activity have been demonstrated using combinations of two antibacterials from trimethoprim, sulfonamides (sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, and silver sulfadiazine), silver nitrate, and dibromopropamidine isethionate, either formulated in a cream base or dissolved in peptone water. the creams were evaluated using the agar cup diffusion method in isosensitest agar. the peptone water solutions provided fractional inhibitory concentrations for combinations of the antibacte ... | 1991 | 1800710 |
| cefpodoxime: comparative antibacterial activity, influence of growth conditions, and bactericidal activity. | the antimicrobial activity of cefpodoxime, the active metabolite of the new cephalosporin ester cefpodoxime proxetil, in comparison to cefixime, cefotiam, cefuroxime, and cefotaxime was determined against a broad spectrum of freshly isolated gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains. cefpodoxime was demonstrated to be inhibitory at concentrations of less than or equal to 1 mg/l against 90% of strains of moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, escherichia coli (beta-lactamase- nega ... | 1991 | 1800379 |
| in vitro activity of cefpodoxime and ten other cephalosporins against gram-positive cocci, enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa, including beta-lactamase producers. | cefpodoxime, the deesterified part of the orally available cefpodoxime proxetil, is active against most enterobacteriaceae with mic50 of 0.06 to 2 mg/l. only enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii strains show mic50 of 4 mg/l. coagulase negative staphylococci have a mic50 of 2, while staphylococcus aureus strains have a mic of 4 mg/l. in comparison to other orally available cephalosporins cefpodoxime is slightly less active than cefixime and cefotiam against gram-negative bacteria but mor ... | 1991 | 1800378 |
| [hematogenous pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis caused by enterobacter cloacae]. | 1991 | 1799622 | |
| [susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to antimicrobial agents, 1989. a study mainly focused on imipenem. the research group for testing imipenem susceptibilities of clinical isolates]. | we investigated susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to imipenem (ipm) and other antimicrobial agents at hospital laboratories throughout japan from september to december of 1989. the susceptibility testing was carried out according to the 1-dilution or 3-dilution disc technique in which susceptibilities are classified into 4 grades: (+++), (++), (+) and (-). ipm showed markedly high in vitro activities against streptococcus pneumoniae, neisseria gonorrhoeae, moraxella catarrhalis, es ... | 1991 | 1798067 |
| in vitro activity of a new cephalosporin me-1206 compared with other agents. | the in vitro activity of me-1206, a new aminothiazolyl cephalosporin that can be orally absorbed when converted to an ester, was compared with that of other beta-lactams. me-1206 inhibited 50% of the enterobacteriaceae at 2 micrograms/ml, similar to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and cefixime. it did not inhibit, mic greater than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml, enterobacter species or citrobacter freundii resistant to cefotaxime and ceftazidime, and it was less active than cefotaxime and ceftazidime aga ... | 1991 | 1797456 |
| post-antibiotic effect of beta-lactam antibiotics on gram-negative bacteria in relation to morphology, initial killing and mic. | the in vitro post-antibiotic effect (pae) of cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and imipenem on reference strains of escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and serratia marcescens were evaluated by bioluminescence assay of bacterial atp. in parallel with the pae determination, initial killing and morphology studies were performed. imipenem produced greater than 1 h pae on all strains tested, cefepime and cefotaxime on four strains and ceftazidime onl ... | 1991 | 1794362 |
| enterobacter cloacae with clavulanic acid dependent variants. | 1991 | 1778883 | |
| selection and characterization of cefepime-resistant gram-negative bacteria. | the nctc type strains and four clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, morganella morganii, providencia stuartii and pseudomonas aeruginosa were exposed, in agar, to cefepime at 3, 5, and 10 x mic and a breakpoint concentration of 16 mg/l. mutants were selected at a frequency of approximately 10(-8) that had decreased susceptibility to cefepime and cefpirome, and species-dependent resistance to other beta-lactams. any putative mutant with a greater t ... | 1991 | 1778870 |
| beta-lactamase expression and outer membrane protein changes in cefpirome-resistant and ceftazidime-resistant gram-negative bacteria. | twenty-five strains of enterobacteriaceae (five each of enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, morganella morganii, and providencia stuartii) and five strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa were exposed to various concentrations of cefpirome or ceftazidime in agar. mutants with a greater than four-fold increase in the mic were examined for changes in beta-lactamase expression and outer membrane protein (omp) profile. both agents selected mutants with decreased susceptibility ... | 1991 | 1778852 |
| efficacy and safety of oral cefixime therapy in common infectious diseases in children. | twenty-nine children, including 20 boys and 9 girls, were enrolled in an open trial of oral cefixime therapy for common pediatric infectious diseases. patients aged between 0.5 month and 12 years with a mean +/- standard deviation of 2.3 +/- 2.8 years. the diagnoses included 10 of acute otitis media, 2 of purulent rhinitis, 4 of acute enterocolitis, and 13 of urinary tract infection. most children received 6-12 mg/kg/day of cefixime granules, orally twice daily for more than five days. all 10 ca ... | 1991 | 1776438 |
| growth kinetics of coliform bacteria under conditions relevant to drinking water distribution systems. | the growth of environmental and clinical coliform bacteria under conditions typical of drinking water distribution systems was examined. four coliforms (klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, enterobacter aerogenes, and enterobacter cloacae) were isolated from an operating drinking water system for study; an enterotoxigenic e. coli strain and clinical isolates of k. pneumoniae and e. coli were also used. all but one of the coliforms tested were capable of growth in unsupplemented mineral salts ... | 1991 | 1768093 |
| in vitro study of the transfer of cytokine-inducing substances across selected high-flux hemodialysis membranes. | the in vitro transfer of cytokine-inducing substances (cis) across cellulose triacetate and polyacrylonitrile hollow-fiber high-flux hemodialyzers was studied using culture filtrates of gram-negative bacteria isolated from hemodialysis center environments. with enterobacter cloacae, no transfer of cis was seen despite the potent cytokine inducibility and endotoxin content of the challenge solution. in contrast, interleukins 1 and 6 and tumor necrosis factor inducing substances did penetrate both ... | 1991 | 1760147 |
| comparative study of pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal activity of ceftizoxime and cefotaxime. | single 2-g intravenous doses of ceftizoxime (czx) and cefotaxime (ctx) were given over 30 min to 10 adult volunteers in a crossover manner on two separate occasions. concentrations of czx, ctx, and the primary metabolite of ctx, desacetylcefotaxime (dctx), in serum, suction-induced-blister fluid, and urine were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by using an extended least-squares modeling program (mkmodel). czx exhibited a half-life in se ... | 1991 | 1759827 |
| active components of intestinal bacteria for abdominal irradiation-induced inhibition of lung metastases. | we have previously reported that abdominal irradiation of mice inhibited lung metastases of a weakly immunogenic fibrosarcoma, and that transmigration after the irradiation of enterobacter cloacae into mesenteric lymph nodes coincided with this phenomenon. in this paper, we show that escherichia coli as well as e. cloacae reduce the number of metastatic lung colonies when these bacteria were intravenously injected into mice prior to the tumour cell challenge. the inhibition was caused not only b ... | 1991 | 1752083 |
| in vitro activity of cefcanel versus other oral cephalosporins. | cefcanel is a new orally absorbed cephalosporin. its activity was compared with that of cefuroxime, cefaclor, cephalexin, and cefixime against gram-positive and negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. cefcanel had excellent activity against methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis, mic90 1 micrograms/ml, superior to the other oral cephalosporins. however, methicillin-resistant staphylococci were resistant, mic greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml. strept ... | 1991 | 1748125 |
| in vitro activity of ro 09-1428 compared to other cephalosporins. | the in vitro activity of ro 09-1428, a new catechol-type parenteral cephalosporin, was compared to that of ceftazidime, e-1040, cefpirome and cefepime against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. ro 09-1428 inhibited group a streptococci at less than or equal to 0.12 micrograms/ml, and group b, c and g streptococci and streptococcus pneumoniae at 0.5 micrograms/ml, whereas for staphylococcus aureus ro 09-1428 had mics of 8-16 micrograms/ml similar to ceftazidime and e-1040. against pseudom ... | 1991 | 1748124 |
| comparative in-vitro activity of new quinolones against clinical isolates and resistant mutants. | the in-vitro activity of five new fluoroquinolones, win 57273, sparfloxacin, fleroxacin, temafloxacin and ciprofloxacin was determined against 543 recent clinical isolates and eight quinolone resistant strains derived by mutation and their five parent strains. win 57273 was the most active compound against gram-positive bacteria, sparfloxacin had a broad spectrum which was similar to that of ciprofloxacin. ciprofloxacin showed the greatest activity against gram-negative bacteria. temafloxacin sh ... | 1992 | 1737723 |
| trends in antibiotic utilization and bacterial resistance. report of the national nosocomial resistance surveillance group. | the increasing use of "third-generation" cephalosporins has been associated with a rising prevalence of resistant bacteria possessing type-i beta-lactamases. at millard fillmore hospital (buffalo, new york), we observed an unusually high occurrence of multiply resistant enterobacter cloacae infections, especially in the intensive care unit. susceptibilities were found to have declined substantially from 1988 to 1990, most notably for ceftazidime and mezlocillin, which decreased from 83% to 54% a ... | 1992 | 1737442 |
| comparison of susceptibility to beta-lactam antimicrobial agents among bacteria isolated from intensive care units. | evaluating microbial isolation and susceptibility patterns from institutional settings is a well-established component of ongoing infection control activities. at the university of michigan hospitals, susceptibility profiles for selected bacteria tested from 1984 to 1989 were analyzed for major changes in the percentage of organisms susceptible to beta-lactam antimicrobials. data on bacteria isolated from respiratory specimens obtained from 1433 patients in intensive care units (icus) during a 1 ... | 1992 | 1737439 |
| microbiological evaluation of cefpodoxime proxetil. | cefpodoxime, the active de-esterified molecule of the orally absorbable cephalosporin cefpodoxime proxetil, inhibits streptococci, neisseria spp., and most enterobacteriaceae, with mic50 and/or mic90 values of less than or equal to 2 mg/l; with regard to the latter family of bacteria, the mic50 and/or mic90 values of cefpodoxime are consistently greater than or equal to 4 mg/l for only enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, and morganella morganii. the mic50 of cedpodox ... | 1991 | 1726210 |
| drug treatment of pneumonia in the hospital. what are the choices? | mortality and morbidity of nosocomial pneumonia remain high. successful treatment of pulmonary infections depends on several factors including type of infection, offending pathogen, status of host defences, and adequate choice of antibiotic therapy. the physician's decision should aim at achieving antibiotic concentrations beyond the mic at the site of infection. gram-negative bacilli, notably pseudomonos aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli, remain the most frequent agents in ... | 1991 | 1724642 |
| fk 506 versus cyclosporine in pediatric liver transplantation. | 1991 | 1721343 | |
| comparison of ribotyping with conventional methods for the type identification of enterobacter cloacae. | an escherichia coli rrna probe was compared with a combination of o serotyping, phage susceptibility, and biotype pattern for the type identification of strains of enterobacter cloacae. forty-five isolates of e. cloacae from 36 patients in nine hospitals were examined. by conventional typing, only 26 (57.7%) could be assigned to a specific serotype and 6 (13.3%) were autoagglutinating owing to rough lipopolysaccharide antigens. all isolates could be assigned to one of three biotypes, but many ph ... | 1991 | 1715880 |
| biological characterization of an enterobacter cloacae outer membrane protein (ompx). | we have described a gene coding for an enterobacter cloacae protein, provisionally called ompx (j. stoorvogel, m. j. a. w. m. van bussel, j. tommassen, and j. a. m. van de klundert, j. bacteriol. 173:156-160, 1991). in the work reported here, ompx was localized in the cell envelope by means of sucrose gradient fractionation of membrane vesicles. overproduction of ompx in escherichia coli from a multicopy plasmid resulted in a reduction in the amount of ompf. no accumulation of ompf, of its uncle ... | 1991 | 1702778 |
| infections with fk 506 immunosuppression: preliminary results with primary therapy. | 1990 | 1689895 | |
| fimbrial types among respiratory isolates belonging to the family enterobacteriaceae. | bacterial attachment is believed to be an early step in gram-negative nosocomial pneumonia. the frequency of fimbria-associated adhesins among respiratory pathogens has not been studied in detail. in this study isolates belonging to the family enterobacteriaceae, prospectively obtained from intensive care unit patients who were suspected of having nosocomial pneumonia, were examined for fimbria-associated adhesins. type 3, p, type 1, and other fimbrial phenotypes were identified by specific hema ... | 1991 | 1685495 |
| analysis of plasmid pattern in paediatric intensive care unit outbreaks of nosocomial infection due to enterobacter cloacae. | sequential outbreaks of nosocomial infection due to multiply-resistant enterobacter cloacae occurred in september 1987, and between december 1988 and january 1989, in a paediatric intensive care unit. a total of eight neonates were affected and most had received ventilatory support. initially, we were unable to determine whether the two outbreaks were caused by the same strain of e. cloacae. after applying plasmid profile analysis to identify epidemic strains, we established that the strain from ... | 1991 | 1684595 |
| surgical emphysema caused by enterobacter cloacae: a hazard of intravenous cannulation. | 1991 | 1680909 | |
| hygienic hand disinfection for the removal of epidemic vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium and gentamicin-resistant enterobacter cloacae. | an outbreak strain of enterococcus faecium, bearing plasmid-mediated vancomycin resistance, and an epidemic gentamicin-resistant, multiply-resistant strain of enterobacter cloacae, both survived well on fingertips of three volunteers for up to 30 minutes after inoculation. hand disinfection of inoculated fingers with 60% isopropyl alcohol, or with alcoholic chlorhexidine, reliably gave a 4 log10 reduction of both test organisms. enterobacter cloacae could not be detected in any finger washings, ... | 1991 | 1680903 |
| the evaluation of residual antimicrobial activity on hands and its clinical relevance. | a model for evaluation of the residual activity of agents used for hygienic hand disinfection, which relates closely to the "in-use" setting, is described. we looked for residual activity following hand disinfection by a standard method with soap and water and four skin disinfectants in common use. two test organisms known to have caused cross-infection and having clinically-significant antibiotic resistance were used: a strain of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium and one of gentamicin-m ... | 1991 | 1679443 |
| in vitro activity and stability against novel beta-lactamases of investigational beta-lactams (cefepime, cefpirome, flomoxef, sce2787 and piperacillin plus tazobactam) in comparison with established compounds (cefotaxime, latamoxef and piperacillin). | the therapeutic perspectives of flomoxef, sce 2787, cefpirome, cefepime, latamoxef, cefotaxime and of piperacillin plus tazobactam were comparatively evaluated by their in vitro activity against 1119 clinical isolates of 83 bacterial species. escherichia coli, klebsiella spp. enterobacter sakazakii, proteus spp. and shigella spp. were about equally susceptible to the cephalosporins (mic90: 0.06 to 0.5 mg/l), while the mic90 for piperacillin plus tazobactam was between 2 and 16 mg/l. enterobacter ... | 1991 | 1664418 |
| phenotypic characterization of quinolone-resistant mutants of enterobacteriaceae selected from wild type, gyra type and multiply-resistant (mara) type strains. | the nctc type strains of escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens and klebsiella pneumoniae were exposed to 3, 5 and 10 x mic of nalidixic acid, enoxacin, ciprofloxacin, pd 117596 and pd 127391. from each strain a mutant with a high mic of quinolones alone (gyra) and a mutant with intermediate resistance to quinolones, some beta-lactams, chloramphenicol and tetracycline (multiply resistant, m-r) were selected on agar containing antibiotics. the gyra mutants required a higher c ... | 1991 | 1663926 |
| increased resistance to multiple drugs by introduction of the enterobacter cloacae roma gene into ompf porin-deficient mutants of escherichia coli k-12. | introduction of the roma gene cloned from enterobacter cloacae into escherichia coli k-12 resulted in almost complete inhibition of ompf expression and a concomitant increase in resistance to quinolones, beta-lactams, chloramphenicol, and tetracyclines. in addition, the roma gene reduced the susceptibility to these multiple drugs even in the ompf porin-deficient mutants of e. coli k-12. results indicate the presence of roma-sensitive penetration pathway(s) for these multiple drugs other than the ... | 1991 | 1662028 |
| multiple copies of is10 in the enterobacter cloacae md36 chromosome. | repetitive sequences were isolated and characterized as double-stranded dna fragments by treatment with s1 nuclease after denaturation and renaturation of the total dna of enterobacter cloacae md36. one repetitive sequence was identical to the nucleotide sequence of is10-right (is10r), which is the active element in the plasmid-associated transposon tn10. unexpectedly, 15 copies of is10r were found in the chromosomal dna of e. cloacae md36. one copy of the central region of tn10 was found in the ... | 1991 | 1660455 |
| why are carbapenems active against enterobacter cloacae resistant to third generation cephalosporins? | the broad antibacterial activity of carbapenems includes gram-negative rods resistant to third generation cephalosporins. to increase the understanding of this improved activity, the factors involved in the efficacy of imipenem and ceftriaxone against enterobacter cloacae have been examined. resistance to ceftriaxone is primarily the result of a selection of resistant clones ("derepressed mutants"), pre-existing within the enterobacter populations. most of the resistant clones produce large amou ... | 1991 | 1658922 |
| subgingival microflora of advanced periodontitis in the dominican republic. | a study of the predominant subgingival microflora was carried out in 24 periodontitis patients, 18 to 60 years of age, in santo domingo, dominican republic. paper point sampling, transport in vmga iii, and conventional microbiological techniques were utilized. direct microscopic examination revealed that cocci and nonmotile organisms made up 85% of the total organisms and spirochetes as little as 3%. nonselective culturing showed gram-negative organisms to constitute 53% of total isolates. fusob ... | 1991 | 1658290 |
| imipenem- and meropenem-resistant mutants of enterobacter cloacae and proteus rettgeri lack porins. | carbapenems such as imipenem and meropenem are not rapidly hydrolyzed by commonly occurring beta-lactamases. nevertheless, it was possible, by mutagenesis and selection, to isolate mutant strains of enterobacter cloacae and proteus rettgeri that are highly resistant to meropenem and imipenem. two alterations were noted in the e. cloacae mutants. first, the mutant strains appeared to be strongly derepressed in the production of beta-lactamases, which reached a very high level when the strains wer ... | 1991 | 1656855 |
| use of ciprofloxacin in an infant with ventriculitis. | ciprofloxacin was used successfully in a neonate with ventriculitis caused by a multiply resistant strain of enterobacter cloacae. limited pharmacokinetic data indicated that adequate concentrations of drug could be attained in cerebrospinal fluid. | 1992 | 1640304 |
| purification and characterization of indolepyruvate decarboxylase. a novel enzyme for indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis in enterobacter cloacae. | indolepyruvate decarboxylase, a key enzyme for indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis, was found in extracts of enterobacter cloacae. the enzyme catalyzes the decarboxylation of indole-3-pyruvic acid to yield indole-3-acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide. the enzyme was purified to apparent homogeneity from escherichia coli cells harboring the genetic locus for this enzyme obtained from e. cloacae. the results of gel filtration experiments showed that indolepyruvate decarboxylase is a tetramer with an m(r ... | 1992 | 1639814 |
| septic arthritis following arthroscopy: clinical syndromes and analysis of risk factors. | during a 4-year study of 4,256 knee arthroscopies, eighteen patients became infected (infection rate 0.42%). occurrence of infection was strongly associated with use of long-acting intraarticular intraoperative corticosteroids. infection was more common among patients with longer surgery operating times, increased numbers of procedures during surgery, prior procedures, and performance of chondroplasty or soft tissue debridement. subsequent to the study, the infection rate fell to 0.1%. twenty-fo ... | 1992 | 1637435 |
| a rapid-kinetic study of the class c beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae 908r. | the individual rate constants for acylation and deacylation (k2 and k3, respectively) of the class c beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae 908r by ampicillin and carbenicillin have been determined. for several other beta-lactams, the value of k2 was too high to be determined and the k2/k3 ratio could be larger than 10,000. branched pathways were also shown to occur with several penicillins and cephalosporins. | 1992 | 1633864 |
| infectious discitis caused by enterobacter cloacae. | the case is reported of a patient who developed a vertebral osteomyelitis caused by enterobacter cloacae. the organism was isolated in cultures of blood and vertebral puncture biopsy samples. the patient was satisfactorily treated with trimethroprim and sulphamethoxazole. enterobacter cloacae, a gram negative organism, has been confirmed as the cause of bacteremia in patients with burns, urinary infections, in adults with pneumonia, and in children with joint infections. spondylodiscitis caused ... | 1992 | 1632668 |
| high prevalence of stably derepressed class-i beta-lactamase expression in multiresistant clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae from greek hospitals. | susceptibilities to cefotaxime (ctx) and ceftazidime (caz) were examined for 90 recent clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae from greek hospitals. most (68%) of the isolates were resistant to both drugs, and all were resistant to cefoxitin. beta-lactamase activities against cephaloridine in crude extracts from ctx-caz-resistant isolates were high, irrespective of whether or not the cells were grown with cefoxitin as an inducer of the chromosomal beta-lactamase, indicating stable derepression ... | 1992 | 1629903 |
| cloacal flora isolated from wild black-bellied whistling ducks (dendrocygna autumnalis) in laguna la nacha, mexico. | cloacal swabs from 110 adult black-bellied whistling ducks trapped at laguna la nacha, tamaulipas, mexico, were cultured to determine the prevalence of normal and potentially pathogenic bacteria. twenty-five gram-negative enterobacteria and four gram-positive cocci were isolated. the most common isolates included escherichia coli (54%), staphylococcus spp. (29%), streptococcus spp. (22%), aeromonas hydrophila (15%) enterobacter cloacae (14%), and micrococcus sp. (14%). the implications of whistl ... | 1992 | 1627117 |
| development of resistance during ceftazidime and cefepime therapy in a murine peritonitis model. | resistance emerging after ceftazidime or cefepime therapy was investigated in a peritonitis model. mice were given a peritoneal challenge (10(8) cfu plus talcum) and treated by either antibiotic (50 mg/kg/dose, which produced similar antibiotic concentrations in peritoneal fluid in both cases). after one or three doses, resistance never developed in serratia marcescens or citrobacter freundii infections. after enterobacter cloacae and pseudomonas aeruginosa challenge, ceftazidime selected more r ... | 1992 | 1624394 |
| mutation of serine residue 318 in the class c beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae 908r. | the involvement of the serine residue 318 in the specificity of a class c beta-lactamase was investigated. multiple site-directed mutants at this position were generated using a polymerase chain reaction technique. these mutants were then probed for their activity towards various beta-lactam compounds. one mutant, s318g was further purified and its physico-chemical and catalytic properties determined. it was shown that the observed minimal inhibitory concentration values of this mutant could be ... | 1992 | 1624116 |
| [a clinical study on panipenem/betamipron in chronic respiratory tract infections]. | panipenem/betamipron (cs-976, papm/bp), a new carbapenem antibiotic, was administered a single dose of 500 mg or 750 mg via intravenous drip infusion twice a day for treatment of chronic respiratory infection to study its clinical efficacy, bacteriological efficacy and safety. twenty nine cases were studied for the efficacy evaluation. only the safety evaluation was made in 6 cases which were judged to be unsuitable, because in some of them pneumonia and other diseases were not specified as the ... | 1992 | 1613969 |
| in vitro activity of cefquinome, a new cephalosporin, compared with other cephalosporin antibiotics. | the in vitro activity of cefquinome, a new aminothiazolyl cephalosporin with a c-3 bicyclic pyridinium group, was compared with ceftazidime, cefpirome, and cefepime. cefquinome inhibited members of the enterobacteriaceae at less than or equal to 0.5 microgram/ml for escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, k. oxytoca, citrobacter diversus, salmonella shigella, proteus mirabilis, morganella, and providencia. although most citrobacter freundii and enterobacter cloacae were inhibited by less than 2 ... | 1992 | 1611848 |
| use of a commercial double-test tablet (rosco pgua/indole) for screening of escherichia coli. | a commercial double-test tablet (rosco pgua/indole) for detection of beta-glucuronidase (beta-gur) activity and indole production was evaluated on a collection of 393 isolates of enterobacteria. both beta-gur and indole were positive on 96.6% of escherichia coli strains. beta-gur, only, was also detected in 25 shigella spp., four enterobacter cloacae, eight citrobacter freundii, and five salmonella enteritidis strains, none of which were indole producers. an additional 261 consecutive clinical i ... | 1992 | 1611844 |
| bacterial mediastinitis after heart transplantation. | bacterial mediastinal abscess or mediastinitis developed in nine (2.5%) of 361 consecutive patients who underwent isolated heart transplantation at the texas heart institute. all nine patients had at least one predisposing factor that may have contributed to the development of mediastinitis. these included insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, repeat operation for postoperative mediastinal hemorrhage, staphylococcus aureus pneumonitis, and cardiac allograft rejection in the early postoperative pe ... | 1992 | 1610862 |
| mechanism of inhibition of the class c beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae p99 by phosphonate monoesters. | the class c serine beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae p99 was inhibited by a series of aryl methylphosphonate monoester monoanions. the effectiveness of these inhibitors was promoted by an acylamido substituent on the methyl group and a good leaving group at phosphorus. the former preference suggests that noncovalent interaction of these inhibitors with the enzyme resembles that of substrates, while the latter suggests that nucleophilic displacement at phosphorus occurs as part of the inhibi ... | 1992 | 1610830 |
| prevalence of a plasmid-mediated type ii dihydrofolate reductase gene among trimethoprim-resistant urinary pathogens in greek hospitals. | the genetic basis of trimethoprim resistance was examined in 24 klebsiella pneumoniae, 27 enterobacter cloacae, five enterobacter aerogenes and nine serratia marcescens urinary isolates from five hospitals in greece. analysis of the 65 isolates by serotyping and phage-typing identified 53 distinct strains. thirty-eight isolates (15 k. pneumoniae, 19 e. cloacae, two e. aerogenes and two s. marcescens) hybridized with a probe specific for a gene encoding type ii dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr). thr ... | 1992 | 1607329 |
| pharmacokinetic disposition and bactericidal activities of cefepime, ceftazidime, and cefoperazone in serum and blister fluid. | cefepime is a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin with excellent gram-positive and gram-negative activity including activity against staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and enterobacter cloacae. the pharmacokinetic disposition of cefepime is similar to that of ceftazidime. we compared the pharmacokinetic characteristics and the extent and duration of bactericidal activity in serum and suction-induced blister fluid after single 2-g intravenous doses of cefepime, ceftazidime, and cefoperaz ... | 1992 | 1605609 |
| infectious complications after human small bowel transplantation. | 1992 | 1604604 | |
| factors involved in the enhanced efficacy against gram-negative bacteria of fourth generation cephalosporins. | the fourth generation cephalosporins, cefpirome and cefepime, demonstrate better activity against strains of enterobacter cloacae with derepressed beta-lactamase than the third generation compounds cefotaxime and ceftriaxone. several methodological refinements were used to measure the parameters, predicted by the zimmermann-rosselet equation to be important in the efficacy of beta-lactams. outer membrane permeability was measured by a novel hplc method. the kinetics of interaction of purified be ... | 1992 | 1601751 |
| ru 29 246, the active compound of the cephalosporin-prodrug-ester hr 916. ii. stability to beta-lactamases and affinity for penicillin-binding proteins. | the aminothiazolyl-cephalosporin ru 29 246, the active metabolite of the prodrug-ester hr 916, is active against strains producing the widespread plasmid-encoded tem-1, tem-2 and shv-1 beta-lactamases. except for tem-7 the activity of ru 29 246 against strains producing extended broad spectrum beta-lactamases (tem-3, tem-5, tem-6, shv-2, shv-4, shv-5, cmy-1, ctx-m), however, is low. relative hydrolysis rates of ru 29 246 are comparable with those of cefpodoxime, the active metabolite of cs-807, ... | 1992 | 1592684 |
| multicenter open-label study of parenteral ofloxacin in treatment of pyelonephritis in adults. | the efficacy and safety of parenteral ofloxacin were evaluated in an open, multicenter study of hospitalized patients with pyelonephritis. the patients received ofloxacin 400 mg iv as an initial dose followed by ofloxacin 200 mg iv b.i.d. for a minimum of three days. the patients could then continue ofloxacin orally 200 mg b.i.d. for a total of seven to fourteen days. the most common pathogens isolated were escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, and klebsiella pneumoniae. microbiologic eradicat ... | 1992 | 1580038 |
| the udp-n-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyl-transferase of enterobacter cloacae. molecular cloning, sequencing of the gene and overexpression of the enzyme. | the udp-n-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase (enolpyruvyltransferase, ec 2.5.1.7) which catalyses the first committed step in the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan was purified to near homogeneity from enterobacter cloacae and the nh2-terminal amino-acid sequence determined. using the polymerase chain reaction a 53-bp dna fragment was synthesized; this fragment encodes the nh2-terminal sequence of the enzyme. a clone was then isolated which contained an open reading ... | 1992 | 1577165 |
| cellulitis caused by enterobacter cloacae. | 1992 | 1569317 | |
| comparative activity of meropenem (sm-7338) against major respiratory pathogens and amikacin-resistant nosocomial isolates. | meropenem, a new broad-spectrum carbapenem antibiotic, demonstrated excellent in vitro activity against major respiratory pathogens including moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae. minimal inhibitory concentrations of meropenem for moraxella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae isolates were frequently less than those of imipenem. for nosocomial amikacin-resistant gram-negative bacilli, meropenem had eightfold lower mic90 values compared to imipenem against ... | 1992 | 1563388 |
| bacteriophage lytic patterns for identification of salmonellae, shigellae, escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii, and enterobacter cloacae. | a series of bacteriophages specific for escherichia coli (e-1, e-2, e-3, and e-4), citrobacter freundii (phi i, phi ii, and phi iii), enterobacter cloacae (ent), and shigella spp. (sh) have been isolated from hospital sewage. these bacteriophages, in combination with felix salmonella phage o-i, were used as a diagnostic phage typing set which included seven phage preparations: o-i, c (phi i and phi iii), sh, e (e-1 and e-2), ce (phi ii and e-3), e-4, and ent. after 20,280 cultures of 27 species ... | 1992 | 1551974 |
| a diphasic immune response against bacteria in the american cockroach. | the adult cockroach generates an adaptive humoral immune response exhibiting specificity and immunological memory when immunized with soluble proteins. in contrast, the response induced by bacteria in holometabolous insects is non-specific and short term, generally losing activity after 72 hr. we have found that the roach generates a diphasic response when injected with bacteria, displaying an acute non-specific phase initially, which is then superseded by a second response that is relatively lo ... | 1992 | 1551700 |
| impact of voluntary vs enforced compliance of third-generation cephalosporin use in a teaching hospital. | the purpose of this study was to assess and compare the impact of voluntary compliance and enforced compliance with institutional guidelines for initiating third-generation cephalosporin therapy. | 1992 | 1546918 |
| fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry for bacterial chemotaxonomy: influence of culture age, growth temperature, gaseous environment and extraction technique. | extracted phospholipids of escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis and enterobacter cloacae were examined by fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry which yielded major peaks between m/z 225 and 761. the result of extracting freeze-dried or 'wet' cells showed that freeze-drying may be omitted although weighing of dried cells offers a useful means of standardizing the extraction procedure. anaerobic growth quantitatively altered the chemical finger-print as a result of increase in ratio of saturated: ... | 1992 | 1541603 |
| [apropos of the frequency of osteoarticular infections caused by enterobacter cloacae]. | 1992 | 1531533 | |
| homeostasis as regulated by activated macrophage. iii. protective effect of lpsw (lipopolysaccharide (lps) of wheat flour) on gastric ulcer in mice as compared with those of other lps from various sources. | protective effect of lipopolysaccharide (lps) from various sources on gastric ulcer has been examined in mice using parenteral as well as oral route. ulcer is induced by indomethacin, stress or alcohol. lps was prepared from 6 species of bacteria (escherichia coli, pantoea agglomerans, serratia ficaria, enterobacter cloacae, bordetella pertussis, alcaligenes faecalis) and from wheat flour. when administered intravenously, lps of pantoea agglomerans was the most effective among other lps examined ... | 1992 | 1525959 |
| homeostasis as regulated by activated macrophage. ii. lps of plant origin other than wheat flour and their concomitant bacteria. | in order to seek a macrophage-activating substance, lipopolysaccharide (lps) of plant origin other than that of wheat flour was surveyed. a large amount of lps (10-100 micrograms/g) was detected in laminaria japonica (kelp), curcuma longa (turmeric), undaria pinnatifida and other substances. since concomitant bacteria possibly existing in root of farm products can be considered to contribute to lps of plant origin, a count was taken of bacterial cells both dead and alive. this count revealed tha ... | 1992 | 1525958 |
| the threat of resistance to the new oral cephalosporins. | phenotypic resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics is mainly due to the prevalence of beta-lactamases. the most common enzymes responsible for resistance to aminopenicillins and older (1st generation) cephalosporins are the tem-1, tem-2, oxa-1 and shv-1 enzymes, all of which are plasmid-mediated. the recent development of oral cephalosporins sharing structural features and an antimicrobial spectrum comparable to that of 3rd-generation cephalosporins has provided highly active compounds for the man ... | 1992 | 1516458 |
| nonspecific reactions of a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (tecra) for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins in foods. | a staphylococcal enterotoxin visual immunoassay kit (tecra) has recently become commercially available. since the kit is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system equipped with polyvalent antisera against staphylococcal enterotoxin types a to e (sea to see) and the test is simple and rapid to perform (4 h), it has been widely used for screening purposes. in this study, the sensitivity of the kit for detection of sea, seb, and sec in ham, cheese, and mushrooms was similar to those of kits based ... | 1992 | 1514798 |
| [pharmacokinetic, bacteriological, and clinical studies on panipenem/betamipron in children]. | pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies were performed on panipenem/betamipron (papm/bp) in children. the results are summarized as follow: 1. twelve patients with various bacterial infectious diseases were treated with papm/bp. each dose was 20 mg/20 mg/kg, administered 3 times daily, in 30-minute intravenous drip infusion. treatments were continued for 5-22 days. clinical efficacies of papm/bp in 12 patients with bacterial infections (1 with suspected sepsis, 5 with pneumonia, 1 ... | 1992 | 1512926 |
| in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of ljc 10,627. | the in vitro activity of ljc 10,627, a new carbapenem, was compared with those of imipenem, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and gentamicin. ljc 10,627 inhibited 90% of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, enterobacter aerogenes, enterobacter agglomerans, enterobacter cloacae, hafnia alvei, citrobacter freundii, citrobacter diversus, proteus mirabilis, morganella morganii, proteus rettgeri, serratia marcescens, pseudomonas cepacia, salmonellae, shigellae, aeromonas, and yersiniae ... | 1992 | 1510436 |
| in vitro and in vivo activities of sce-2787, a new parenteral cephalosporin with a broad antibacterial spectrum. | sce-2787, a new cephalosporin having a condensed azolium moiety in the 3 position and an aminothiadiazolyl group in the 7 beta side chain, was evaluated for its in vitro and in vivo activities in comparison with those of ceftazidime, flomoxef, cefpirome, and e1040. against methicillin-susceptible strains of staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis, sce-2787 was more active than ceftazidime and e1040 and was as active as flomoxef and cefpirome, with mics for 90% of strains tested (mic ... | 1992 | 1510428 |
| nucleotide sequence of the ampc-ampr region from the chromosome of yersinia enterocolitica. | the nucleotide sequence of a 3.1-kb region from the chromosome of the yersinia enterocolitica o:5b strain ip97 containing the gene for an inducible chromosomal cephalosporinase has been determined. the cephalosporinase gene was homologous to other enterobacterial chromosomal cephalosporinase genes, and it was accompanied by a gene homologous to the regulatory ampr gene. the arrangement of genes in the y. enterocolitica ampcr unit was identical to that in the enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter ... | 1992 | 1510392 |
| identification of factors affecting in vivo aminoglycoside activity in an experimental model of gram-negative endocarditis. | aminoglycoside bactericidal activity during the first 24 h of treatment probably is a determining parameter in the prognosis of severe gram-negative infections in immunocompromised patients. to identify the predictive factors involved in the definition of the best therapeutic regimen for enterobacter cloacae and serratia marcescens infections, we studied different gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin regimens by using an experimental model of rabbit endocarditis. two factors appear to play an im ... | 1992 | 1503436 |
| [synergistic action of cefodizime with other antimicrobial agents on clinically isolated microorganisms. ii. synergistic action with sisomicin]. | cefodizime (cdzm) possesses a broad antimicrobial spectrum and a relatively long half life in the blood. in addition, it shows excellent therapeutic efficacies in the treatment of infections in leukopenic animal models, hence it is expected that cdzm may have good efficacies against various infections in immunocompromised hosts. in the meantime, sisomicin (siso) not only has strong antibacterial activities against gram-negative rods (gnr), but has relatively low nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. t ... | 1992 | 1495193 |
| gas gangrene: an unusual cause of graft failure in an orthotopic pediatric liver transplant. | gas gangrene of the liver is a very unusual cause of graft failure, and gas gangrene caused by enterobacter cloacae is also exceedingly rare. although clostridial infection could not be excluded in this case, the literature and our case show that enterobacter cloacae can be present in gas gangrene tissue whether or not it is the only infecting organism. | 1992 | 1491933 |
| survey of the prevalence of beta-lactamases amongst 1000 gram-negative bacilli isolated consecutively at the royal london hospital. | beta-lactamase expression was examined in 1000 consecutive gram-negative bacilli isolated from urine, wound swab, sputum or blood specimens received at the microbiology laboratory of the royal london hospital. this survey, performed between january and april, 1991, followed a similar study undertaken in early 1982. the distribution of species was similar in the two surveys, except that the proportion of pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates had increased from 11% in 1982 to 17.5% in the present study. ... | 1992 | 1490917 |
| bacteremia and vegetative endocarditis associated with a heart murmur in a blue-and-gold macaw. | a 6-year-old male blue-and-gold macaw (ara ararauna) was presented with severe weakness, anorexia, and weight loss of 2 weeks duration. cardiac auscultation revealed a soft systolic murmur. blood cultures collected both antemortem and postmortem yielded pure isolates of enterobacter cloacae. at necropsy, vegetative endocarditis was found involving the left atrioventricular valve. microscopically, the lesion on the valve was characterized by a mixture of necrotic material, colonies of gram-negati ... | 1992 | 1485868 |
| chromogenic redox assay for beta-lactamases yielding water-insoluble products. i. kinetic behavior and redox chemistry. | we describe a chromogenic detection system for beta-lactamase which yields water-insoluble colored products. the assay is based on kinetic measurement of the appearance of color due to the beta-lactamase-initiated redox reaction. the substrates are c3' thiolate-substituted cephalosporins, which, after enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring, undergo elimination of the thiolate ion. this thiolate, in a postenzymatic step, reduces the tetrazolium salts, which are water-soluble colorles ... | 1992 | 1481987 |
| [effect of meropenem on fecal flora in children]. | meropenem (mepm, sm-7338), a novel parenteral carbapenem antibiotic, was examined for its effect on intestinal flora in children. seven children with infectious diseases (3 male and 4 female children of age's ranging from 4 months to 8 years and 9 months weighing from 7.3 to 23.0 kg) were treated with mepm at doses ranging 10.3 to 40.5 mg/kg 3 or 4 times a day for 6 to 12 days. before, during and after the treatment, identities and numbers of various bacteria contained in 1 g of feces were deter ... | 1992 | 1479688 |
| [basic and clinical study of meropenem in pediatric field]. | meropenem (mepm), a novel parenteral carbapenem antibiotic, was examined in a cooperative study involving 12 pediatric and 1 neonatologic facilities. the results are summarized as follows. 1. antibacterial activity antibacterial activity of mepm against stock organisms including 31 strains of streptococcus agalactiae, 14 of listeria monocytogenes, 4 of bordetella pertussis and 3 of neisseria meningitidis ranged from 0.025 to 0.10 micrograms/ml in mic90's, which were equal or lower than those of ... | 1992 | 1479687 |
| beta-lactamase stability and inhibitory activity of meropenem combined with a potent antibacterial activity. | the affinity of meropenem for various known types of beta-lactamases and its stability to them were tested in comparison with other beta-lactams, including imipenem. meropenem exhibited a marked stability to all beta-lactamases tested and was only hydrolyzed by xanthomonas maltophilia beta-lactamase, as were other beta-lactams. this was responsible for the potent antibacterial activities of meropenem against beta-lactamase-producing strains. meropenem and imipenem had almost the same, relatively ... | 1992 | 1473360 |
| the bioactivation of 5-(aziridin-1-yl)-2,4-dinitrobenzamide (cb1954)--i. purification and properties of a nitroreductase enzyme from escherichia coli--a potential enzyme for antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (adept). | a nitroreductase enzyme has been isolated from escherichia coli b. this enzyme is an fmn-containing flavoprotein with a molecular mass of 24 kda and requires either nadh or nadph as a cofactor. partial protein sequence analysis showed extensive homology with the "classical nitroreductase" of salmonella typhimurium and a nitroreductase induced in enterobacter cloacae. in common with the salmonella enzyme, the e. coli b enzyme is capable of reducing nitrofurazone. the e. coli nitroreductase is als ... | 1992 | 1472094 |
| cockroaches as carriers of bacteria in multi-family dwellings. | the potential risk of bacterial dissemination due to the presence of cockroaches (blattella germanica, blattellidae) in low-income flats was investigated. cockroaches can carry a great variety of bacterial species; we identified 30 different species from 52 different flats. klebsiella oxycytoca, k. pneumoniae and enterobacter cloacae were the most frequently found. pathogenic and potentially pathogenic bacteria represented 54% of all the bacterial identifications. bacteria were carried either on ... | 1992 | 1468532 |
| phosphate starvation affects the synthesis of outer membrane proteins in thiobacillus ferrooxidans. | the outer membrane protein (omp40) component from the chemolithoautotrophic acidophilic thiobacillus ferrooxidans is apparently regulated by the external ph and the concentration of phosphorus. its amino-terminal sequence showed little identity with the escherichia coli ompc, ompf or phoe porins, but was 38.5% identical to the outer membrane channel-forming protein nosa from pseudomonas stutzeri, whose expression is also regulated environmentally. in addition, the partial amino acid sequence of ... | 1992 | 1459418 |
| analysis of polar lipids from some representative enterobacteria, plesiomonas and acinetobacter by fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry. | fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry (fab-ms) was used to analyse lipid extracts of bacteria to assess its usefulness for analysing anionic phospholipids of potential chemotaxonomic value. the following micro-organisms were tested: acinetobacter calcoaceticus, acinetobacter sp., citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae (2 strains), escherichia coli (3 strains), hafnia alvei, klebsiella oxytoca, klebsiella pneumoniae, morganella morganii, plesiomonas shigelloides, proteus mirabilis (3 strain ... | 1992 | 1447059 |
| comparative study of pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal activities of cefpirome, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, and ciprofloxacin. | we compared the pharmacokinetics and the serum bactericidal activities of cefpirome, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, and ciprofloxacin. fifteen healthy volunteers received 1 g of cefpirome, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone intravenously, 500 mg of imipenem-cilastatin intravenously, and 500 mg of ciprofloxacin orally. high-performance liquid chromatographic assays were used to quantitate unchanged antibiotic in plasma and urine. serum bactericidal activities were determined against six clinical i ... | 1992 | 1444289 |
| microorganisms associated with natural fermentation of prosopis africana seeds for the production of okpiye. | okpiye is a food condiment prepared by the fermentation of prosopis africana seeds. the traditional process for the production and microbiological characteristics of the condiment were investigated. during laboratory fermentation that lasted 96 h, the mesquite seeds underwent a natural fermentation that was characterised by the growth of microorganisms to 10(6)-10(8) cfu/g. several species of bacteria especially b. subtilis, b. licheniformis, b. megaterium, staphylococcus epidermidis and microco ... | 1992 | 1438073 |
| [comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1988). i. susceptibility distribution]. | isolation frequencies and sensitivities to antibacterial and antibiotic agents were investigated on 801 bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in 9 hospitals during the period of june to november 1988. of the above total bacterial population, gram-positive bacteria accounted for 29.3% and a majority of them were enterococcus spp. gram-negative bacteria accounted for 70.7% and most of them were escherichia coli. 1. enterococcus faecalis: vancomycin was most active ... | 1992 | 1433906 |
| [antibacterial activities of sisomicin against fresh clinical isolates]. | to investigate antibacterial activities of sisomicin (siso), mics of siso as well as other aminoglycosides (ags) were determined against many clinical isolates which were obtained in 1991. results are summarized below: 1. no siso-resistant strains were observed among isolates of escherichia coli, citrobacter diversus, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, enterobacter aerogenes, proteus mirabilis and morganella morganii. 2. in comparison with the results of our previous study against isolat ... | 1992 | 1433905 |
| outbreak of surgical wound infections associated with total hip arthroplasty. | describe an outbreak of surgical wound infections associated with total hip arthroplasty; identify risk factors for surgical wound infection during the pre-outbreak and outbreak periods. | 1992 | 1431000 |
| cefdinir (fk482), an orally administered cephalosporin in vitro activity comparison against recent clinical isolates from five medical centers and determination of mic quality control guidelines. | cefdinir, a new oral cephalosporin, was compared to cefaclor, cefadroxil, cefixime, and cefuroxime against greater than 5000 recent aerobic clinical isolates. this multicenter study revealed broad-spectrum cefdinir activity against all enterobacteriaceae (mic50s, 0.06-2 micrograms/ml) except enterobacter cloacae, morganella morganii, proteus vulgaris, and serratia marcescens (mic50s, greater than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml). oxacillin-susceptible staphylococci (mic90s, 0.5-2 micrograms/ml), bet ... | 1992 | 1424507 |
| changing patterns of blood culture isolates from patients with acute leukemia: a review of twenty years' experience. | during the 20-year period, 1972-1991, 286 episodes of bacteremia occurred in 200 (45%) of 445 patients with acute leukemia in a hematology ward, giving an incidence of 482 episodes per 1,000 hospital admissions. the frequency of bacteremia was almost unchanged throughout the study period. the frequency of gram-negative bacilli decreased significantly, however, from 81% of all the isolates for the first half of the study period to 50% for the latter half. despite the common use of ceftazidime and ... | 1992 | 1402104 |