Publications

slender rice, a constitutive gibberellin response mutant, is caused by a null mutation of the slr1 gene, an ortholog of the height-regulating gene gai/rga/rht/d8.	the rice slender mutant (slr1-1) is caused by a single recessive mutation and results in a constitutive gibberellin (ga) response phenotype. the mutant elongates as if saturated with gas. in this mutant, (1) elongation was unaffected by an inhibitor of ga biosynthesis, (2) ga-inducible alpha-amylase was produced by the aleurone layers without gibberellic acid application, and (3) endogenous ga content was lower than in the wild-type plant. these results indicate that the product of the slr1 gene ...	2001	11340177
tomato ve disease resistance genes encode cell surface-like receptors.	in tomato, ve is implicated in race-specific resistance to infection by verticillium species causing crop disease. characterization of the ve locus involved positional cloning and isolation of two closely linked inverted genes. expression of individual ve genes in susceptible potato plants conferred resistance to an aggressive race 1 isolate of verticillium albo-atrum. the deduced primary structure of ve1 and ve2 included a hydrophobic n-terminal signal peptide, leucine-rich repeats containing 2 ...	2001	11331751
the chimeric leucine-rich repeat/extensin cell wall protein lrx1 is required for root hair morphogenesis in arabidopsis thaliana.	in plants, the cell wall is a major determinant of cell morphogenesis. cell enlargement depends on the tightly regulated expansion of the wall, which surrounds each cell. however, the qualitative and quantitative mechanisms controlling cell wall enlargement are still poorly understood. here, we report the molecular and functional characterization of lrx1, a new arabidopsis gene that encodes a chimeric leucine-rich repeat/extensin protein. lrx1 is expressed in root hair cells and the protein is s ...	2001	11331608
purification and characterization of mannose isomerase from agrobacterium radiobacter m-1.	a mannose isomerase from agrobacterium radiobacter m-1 (formerly pseudomonas sp. mi) was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity and characterized. a cell-free extract was separated by ammonium sulfate fractionation, butyl-toyopearl 650m, deae-sepharose and hydroxylapatite column chromatography. its molecular mass was estimated to be 44 kda by sds-page and 90 kda by gel filtration, in which the enzyme is most likely a dimer composed of two identical subunits. the purified enzyme had an optimum p ...	2001	11330684
[improvement of transformation frequency of rice mediated by agrobacterium].	the factors influencing the frequency of rice transformation mediated by agrobacterium have been investigated by using 16 commercially important indica and japonica rice cultivars or lines. the main results were as following: for most rice cc medium was the best for both callus initiation and subculture. with supplement of 2.5-5 mg/l aba the quality of calli can be improved. the concentration of selective agent for indica rice callus was lower than that for japonica rice callus. agrobacterium tu ...	2001	11329877
[amplification and analysis of t-dna flanking sequences in transgenic rice].	rice transformation mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens has technically matured to some extent, but the mechanics of t-dna integration in transgenic rice remains largely unknown. using thermal asymmetric interlaced pcr (tail-pcr), we analyzed the flanking sequences of t-dnas in transgenic rice plants, in which the resistance gene for rice bacterial blight disease, xa21, had been integrated stably. sequence analysis of 24 fragments amplified by tail-pcr showed that of them 14 were rice genomic ...	2001	11329876
effects of mutations in the pseudomonas putida miaa gene: regulation of the trpe and trpgdc operons in p. putida by attenuation.	tn5 insertion mutants defective in regulation of the pseudomonas putida trpe and trpgdc operons by tryptophan were found to contain insertions in the p. putida miaa gene, whose product (in escherichia coli) modifies trna(trp) and is required for attenuation. nucleotide sequences upstream of trpe and trpg encode putative leader peptides similar in sequence to leader peptides found in other bacterial species, and the phenotypes of the mutants strongly suggest that transcription of these operons is ...	2001	11325956
a homolog of the ctra cell cycle regulator is present and essential in sinorhizobium meliloti.	during development of the symbiotic soil bacterium sinorhizobium meliloti into nitrogen-fixing bacteroids, dna replication and cell division cease and the cells undergo profound metabolic and morphological changes. regulatory genes controlling the early stages of this process have not been identified. as a first step in the search for regulators of these events, we report the isolation and characterization of a ctra gene from s. meliloti. we show that the s. meliloti ctra belongs to the ctra-lik ...	2001	11325950
functional and mutational analysis of p19, a dna transfer protein with muramidase activity.	protein p19 encoded by the conjugative resistance plasmid r1 has been identified as being one member of a large family of muramidases encoded by bacteriophages and by type iii and type iv secretion systems. we carried out a mutational analysis to investigate the function of protein p19 and used in vivo complementation assays to test those of several p19 mutants. the results indicated that conserved residues present in the presumed catalytic center of p19 are absolutely essential for its function ...	2001	11325947
osmoregulated periplasmic glucan synthesis is required for erwinia chrysanthemi pathogenicity.	erwinia chrysanthemi is a phytopathogenic enterobacterium causing soft rot disease in a wide range of plants. osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (opgs) are intrinsic components of the gram-negative bacterial envelope. we cloned the opggh operon of e. chrysanthemi, encoding proteins involved in the glucose backbone synthesis of opgs, by complementation of the homologous locus mdogh of escherichia coli. opgg and opgh show a high level of similarity with mdog and mdoh, respectively, and mutations in ...	2001	11325942
osmoregulated periplasmic glucans of erwinia chrysanthemi.	we report the initial characterization of the osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (opgs) of erwinia chrysanthemi. opgs are intrinsic components of the bacterial envelope necessary to the pathogenicity of this phytopathogenic enterobacterium (f. page, s. altabe, n. hugouvieux-cotte-pattat, j.-m. lacroix, j. robert-baudouy and j.-p. bohin, j. bacteriol. 183:0000-0000, 2001 [companion in this issue]). opgs were isolated by trichloracetic acid treatment and gel permeation chromatography. the synthesis ...	2001	11325941
the ccrm dna methyltransferase of agrobacterium tumefaciens is essential, and its activity is cell cycle regulated.	dna methylation is now recognized as a regulator of multiple bacterial cellular processes. ccrm is a dna adenine methyltransferase found in the alpha subdivision of the proteobacteria. like the dam enzyme, which is found primarily in escherichia coli and other gamma proteobacteria, it does not appear to be part of a dna restriction-modification system. the ccrm homolog of agrobacterium tumefaciens was found to be essential for viability. overexpression of ccrm is associated with significant abno ...	2001	11325934
a new metabolite from the marine bacterium vibrio angustum s14.	the new metabolite [1-(2'-methylpropoxy)-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy]butane was isolated from the cell-free culture supernatant of the marine bacterium vibrio angustum s14 as part of studies investigating the role of chemical signals in prokaryote--prokaryote and prokaryote--eukaryote interactions. the structure was elucidated by interpretation of its high-field nmr and mass spectrometric data. [1-(2'-methylpropoxy)-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy]butane induced the acylated homoserine lactone (ahl) rep ...	2001	11325243
the cela gene, encoding a glycosyl hydrolase family 3 beta-glucosidase in azospirillum irakense, is required for optimal growth on cellobiosides.	the cela beta-glucosidase of azospirillum irakense, belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 3 (ghf3), preferentially hydrolyzes cellobiose and releases glucose units from the c(3), c(4), and c(5) oligosaccharides. the growth of a deltacela mutant on these cellobiosides was affected. in a. irakense, the ghf3 beta-glucosidases appear to be functional alternatives for the ghf1 beta-glucosidases in the assimilation of beta-glucosides by other bacteria.	2001	11319128
diversity and seasonal fluctuations of the dominant members of the bacterial soil community in a wheat field as determined by cultivation and molecular methods.	there is a paucity of knowledge on microbial community diversity and naturally occurring seasonal variations in agricultural soil. for this purpose the soil microbial community of a wheat field on an experimental farm in the netherlands was studied by using both cultivation-based and molecule-based methods. samples were taken in the different seasons over a 1-year period. fatty acid-based typing of bacterial isolates obtained via plating revealed a diverse community of mainly gram-positive bacte ...	2001	11319113
green fluorescent protein is lighting up fungal biology.		2001	11319072
transformation of the cultivated mushroom agaricus bisporus (lange) using t-dna from agrobacterium tumefaciens.	agrobacterium tumefaciens is known to transfer parts of its tumor-inducing plasmid, the t-dna, to plants, yeasts and filamentous fungi. we have used this system to transform germinating basidiospores and vegetative mycelium of a commercial strain of the cultivated basidiomycete agaricus bisporus. analysis of transformants shows that the t-dna integrates at random sites into the host genome and that the selection marker is stable during mitosis and meiosis. the agrobacterium system allows the tra ...	2001	11318105
stable genetic transformation of eschscholzia californica expressing synthetic green fluorescent proteins.	an efficient protocol is described for the stable genetic transformation of eschscholzia californica (california poppy) using agrobacterium tumefaciens as a vector. we have employed the disarmed a. tumefaciens lba4404 encoding a synthetic green fluorescent protein reporter gene that is further controlled by an enhanced cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. stably transformed e. californica cells appear 3 weeks after initial cocultivation of a. tumefaciens with poppy leaves, stems, or roots. tra ...	2001	11312700
stress-induced proteins of agrobacterium tumefaciens.	the pattern of proteins produced by bacteria represents the physiological state of the organism as well as the environmental conditions encountered. environmental stress induces the expression of several regulons encoding stress proteins. extensive information about the proteins which constitute these regulons (or stimulons) and their control is available for very few bacteria, such as the gram-positive bacillus subtilis and the gram-negative escherichia coli (gamma-proteobacteria) and is minima ...	2001	11311438
novel constructions to enable the integration of genes into the agrobacterium tumefaciens c58 chromosome.	we constructed several versatile sets of vectors that can be used to introduce any gene into the pgl/pica locus of the agrobacterium tumefaciens c58 chromosome without affecting t-dna transfer. one set contains a fragment containing the laciq and lacz genes and a multiple cloning site from pbluescriptii sk(+) inserted into a psti site between the pgl and pica genes on an incpalpha plasmid. the resulting plasmid contains eight unique restriction endonuclease sites and the ability to use blue-whit ...	2001	11310746
trlr, a defective trar-like protein of agrobacterium tumefaciens, blocks trar function in vitro by forming inactive trlr:trar dimers.	octopine-type ti plasmids of agrobacterium tumefaciens require the quorum-sensing proteins trar and trai and the diffusible pheromone 3-oxooctanoyl homoserine lactone (aai) to regulate genes required for conjugal transfer. trar activity is inhibited by a protein called trlr, which closely resembles amino acids 1-181 of trar but is truncated as a result of a shift in the reading frame at codon 182. this frameshift does not affect synthesis of the amino-terminal domain, which is thought to bind au ...	2001	11309123
type iv secretion: intercellular transfer of macromolecules by systems ancestrally related to conjugation machines.	bacterial conjugation systems are highly promiscuous macromolecular transfer systems that impact human health significantly. in clinical settings, conjugation is exceptionally problematic, leading to the rapid dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes and other virulence traits among bacterial populations. recent work has shown that several pathogens of plants and mammals - agrobacterium tumefaciens, bordetella pertussis, helicobacter pylori and legionella pneumophila - have evolved secretion ...	2001	11309113
the accelerating convergence of genomics and microbiology.		2001	11305936
regeneration of phenotypically normal english elm (ulmus procera) plantlets following transformation with an agrobacterium tumefaciens binary vector.	a transformation system was developed for english elm (ulmus procera salisbury) using agrobacterium tumefaciens c58 pmp90 p35sgus/intron, allowing for the transfer of foreign genes and regeneration of phenotypically normal elm plantlets. the pcr analysis indicated that both nptii and uida genes were stably inserted in the plant genome. beta-glucuronidase histochemical and fluorimetric assays revealed expression of the uida gene in the shoots, leaves, stems and roots of regenerated transgenic pla ...	2000	11303580
a transgenic apple callus showing reduced polyphenol oxidase activity and lower browning potential.	polyphenol oxidase (ppo) is responsible for enzymatic browning of apples. apples lacking ppo activity might be useful not only for the food industry but also for studies of the metabolism of polyphenols and the function of ppo. transgenic apple calli were prepared by using agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying the kanamycin (km) resistant gene and antisense ppo gene. four km-resistant callus lines were obtained from 356 leaf explants. among these transgenic calli, three calli grew on the medium con ...	2001	11302173
a pollen coat protein, sp11/scr, determines the pollen s-specificity in the self-incompatibility of brassica species.	many flowering plants have evolved self-incompatibility (si) systems to prevent inbreeding. in the brassicaceae, si is genetically controlled by a single polymorphic locus, termed the s-locus. pollen rejection occurs when stigma and pollen share the same s-haplotype. recognition of s-haplotype specificity has recently been shown to involve at least two s-locus genes, s-receptor kinase (srk) and s-locus protein 11 or s-locus cys-rich (sp11/scr). srk encodes a polymorphic membrane-spanning protein ...	2001	11299389
pollen tubes of nicotiana alata express two genes from different beta-glucan synthase families.	the walls deposited by growing pollen tubes contain two types of beta-glucan, the (1,3)-beta-glucan callose and the (1,4)-beta-glucan cellulose, as well as various alpha-linked pectic polysaccharides. pollen tubes of nicotiana alata link et otto, an ornamental tobacco, were therefore used to identify genes potentially encoding catalytic subunits of the callose synthase and cellulose synthase enzymes. reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions (rt-pcr) with pollen-tube rna and primers desig ...	2001	11299383
possible role of root border cells in detection and avoidance of aluminum toxicity.	root border cells are living cells that surround root apices of most plant species and are involved in production of root exudates. we tested predictions of the hypothesis that they participate in detection and avoidance of aluminum (al) toxicity by comparing responses of two snapbean (phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars (cv dade and cv romano) known to differ in al resistance at the whole-root level. root border cells of these cultivars were killed by excess al in agarose gels or in simple salt solut ...	2001	11299377
isolation of a constans ortholog from pharbitis nil and its role in flowering.	the short-day plant pharbitis nil is a model plant for the study of photoperiodic control of floral initiation. flower formation can be induced at the cotyledon stage by a single long night of at least 14 h in duration. using differential display of mrna we identified a p. nil ortholog of the arabidopsis constans (co) gene, which will be referred to as pnco. expression of pnco was high after a 14-h night, but low when the dark period was 12 h or less. our results indicate that the level of the p ...	2001	11299362
developmental and stress regulation of rci2a and rci2b, two cold-inducible genes of arabidopsis encoding highly conserved hydrophobic proteins.	the capability of most higher plants to tolerate environmental conditions strongly depends on their developmental stage. in addition, environmental factors have pleiotropic effects on many developmental processes. the interaction between plant development and environmental conditions implies that some genes must be regulated by both environmental factors and developmental cues. to understand their developmental regulation and obtain possible clues on their functions, we have isolated genomic clo ...	2001	11299347
expression of bar in the plastid genome confers herbicide resistance.	phosphinothricin (ppt) is the active component of a family of environmentally safe, nonselective herbicides. resistance to ppt in transgenic crops has been reported by nuclear expression of a bar transgene encoding phosphinothricin acetyltransferase, a detoxifying enzyme. we report here expression of a bacterial bar gene (b-bar1) in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum cv petit havana) plastids that confers field-level tolerance to liberty, an herbicide containing ppt. we also describe a second bacterial ...	2001	11299340
transformation of peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) with tobacco chitinase gene: variable response of transformants to leaf spot disease.	fertile transgenic plants of peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) cv. tmv-2 expressing tobacco chitinase and neomycin phosphotransferase (npt ii) genes were generated using an agrobacterium tumefaciens (lba4404/pbi121-pbtex)-mediated transformation system. a tissue culture-independent method wherein embryo in the mature seed is inoculated and reared into single plant transformant was used for transformation. southern blot analysis of genomic dna isolated from t(0) transformants and progeny plants (t(1)) ...	2001	11297785
detection and characterization of quorum sensing signal molecules in acinetobacter strains.	quorum sensing is a widespread regulatory mechanism among gram-negative bacteria. in this study, acinetobacter strains were assayed for the presence of quorum sensing signal molecules capable of activating n-acylhomoserine lactone biosensors. by using an agrobacterium tumefaciens reporter strain it was shown that all the cultures produced two to four detectable signal molecules with different chromatographic patterns. in a. calcoaceticus bd413 supernatants four compounds were detected in a time- ...	2001	11297357
sde3 encodes an rna helicase required for post-transcriptional gene silencing in arabidopsis.	post-transcriptional gene silencing (ptgs) provides protection in plants against virus infection and can suppress expression of transgenes. arabidopsis plants carrying mutations at the sde3 locus are defective in ptgs mediated by a green fluorescent protein transgene. however, ptgs mediated by tobacco rattle virus (trv) was not affected by sde3. from these results we conclude that sde3, like the previously described rna polymerase encoded by sde1, acts at a stage in the mechanism that is circumv ...	2001	11296239
mapping stress-induced changes in autoinducer ai-2 production in chemostat-cultivated escherichia coli k-12.	numerous gram-negative bacteria employ a cell-to-cell signaling mechanism, termed quorum sensing, for controlling gene expression in response to population density. recently, this phenomenon has been discovered in escherichia coli, and while pathogenic e. coli utilize quorum sensing to regulate pathogenesis (i.e., expression of virulence genes), the role of quorum sensing in nonpathogenic e. coli is less clear, and in particular, there is no information regarding the role of quorum sensing durin ...	2001	11292813
role of helicobacter pylori cag region genes in colonization and gastritis in two animal models.	the helicobacter pylori chromosomal region known as the cytotoxin-gene associated pathogenicity island (cag pai) is associated with severe disease and encodes proteins that are believed to induce interleukin (il-8) secretion by cultured epithelial cells. the objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the cag pai, induction of il-8, and induction of neutrophilic gastric inflammation. germ-free neonatal piglets and conventional c57bl/6 mice were given wild-type or cag deficie ...	2001	11292705
a postgermination developmental arrest checkpoint is mediated by abscisic acid and requires the abi5 transcription factor in arabidopsis.	seed dormancy is a trait of considerable adaptive significance because it maximizes seedling survival by preventing premature germination under unfavorable conditions. understanding how seeds break dormancy and initiate growth is also of great agricultural and biotechnological interest. abscisic acid (aba) plays primary regulatory roles in the initiation and maintenance of seed dormancy. here we report that the basic leucine zipper transcription factor abi5 confers an enhanced response to exogen ...	2001	11287670
jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase: a key enzyme for jasmonate-regulated plant responses.	methyl jasmonate is a plant volatile that acts as an important cellular regulator mediating diverse developmental processes and defense responses. we have cloned the novel gene jmt encoding an s-adenosyl-l-methionine:jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase (jmt) from arabidopsis thaliana. recombinant jmt protein expressed in escherichia coli catalyzed the formation of methyl jasmonate from jasmonic acid with k(m) value of 38.5 microm. jmt rna was not detected in young seedlings but was detected ...	2001	11287667
changes in root cap ph are required for the gravity response of the arabidopsis root.	although the columella cells of the root cap have been identified as the site of gravity perception, the cellular events that mediate gravity signaling remain poorly understood. to determine if cytoplasmic and/or wall ph mediates the initial stages of root gravitropism, we combined a novel cell wall ph sensor (a cellulose binding domain peptide-oregon green conjugate) and a cytoplasmic ph sensor (plants expressing ph-sensitive green fluorescent protein) to monitor ph dynamics throughout the grav ...	2001	11283344
the transparent testa12 gene of arabidopsis encodes a multidrug secondary transporter-like protein required for flavonoid sequestration in vacuoles of the seed coat endothelium.	phenolic compounds that are present in the testa interfere with the physiology of seed dormancy and germination. we isolated a recessive arabidopsis mutant with pale brown seeds, transparent testa12 (tt12), from a reduced seed dormancy screen. microscopic analysis of tt12 developing and mature testas revealed a strong reduction of proanthocyanidin deposition in vacuoles of endothelial cells. double mutants with tt12 and other testa pigmentation mutants were constructed, and their phenotypes conf ...	2001	11283341
a novel udp-glucose transferase is part of the callose synthase complex and interacts with phragmoplastin at the forming cell plate.	using phragmoplastin as a bait, we isolated an arabidopsis cdna encoding a novel udp-glucose transferase (ugt1). this interaction was confirmed by an in vitro protein--protein interaction assay using purified ugt1 and radiolabeled phragmoplastin. protein gel blot results revealed that ugt1 is associated with the membrane fraction and copurified with the product-entrapped callose synthase complex. these data suggest that ugt1 may act as a subunit of callose synthase that uses udp-glucose to synth ...	2001	11283335
chromosomal locus for cadmium resistance in pseudomonas putida consisting of a cadmium-transporting atpase and a merr family response regulator.	pseudomonads from environmental sources vary widely in their sensitivity to cadmium, but the basis for this resistance is largely uncharacterized. a chromosomal fragment encoding cadmium resistance was cloned from pseudomonas putida 06909, a rhizosphere bacterium, and sequence analysis revealed two divergently transcribed genes, cada and cadr. cada was similar to cadmium-transporting atpases known mostly from gram-positive bacteria, and to znta, a lead-, zinc-, and cadmium-transporting atpase fr ...	2001	11282588
the form of chromosomal dna molecules in bacterial cells.	the circular concept of the bacterial chromosome was based initially on experiments involving conjugation mapping and autoradiographic imaging of dna. this view was then supported by dna fragment mapping, genome sequencing, and the analysis of linear dna produced by a single cleavage of chromosomal dna. a circular chromosome is also indicated by the existence of a mechanism for segregating dimeric chromosomes produced by recombination and the replication of dna on both sides of the replication t ...	2001	11278067
a bacterial artificial chromosome library of lotus japonicus constructed in an agrobacterium tumefaciens-transformable vector.	we constructed a bac library of the model legume lotus japonicus with a 6-to 7-fold genome coverage. we used vector pcld04541, which allows direct plant transformation by bacs. the average insert size is 94 kb. clones were stable in escherichia coli and agrobacterium tumefaciens.	2001	11277441
biological activity of the rolb-like 5' end of the a4-orf8 gene from the agrobacterium rhizogenes tl-dna.	the iaam gene from different plant-associated bacteria encodes a tryptophan monooxygenase (iaam) that catalyzes the synthesis of indole-3-acetamide (iam), a precursor of indole-3-acetic acid (iaa). unlike the iaam proteins from other bacteria, agrobacterium spp. t-dna-encoded iaam proteins carry a 200 amino acid n-terminal extension with low homology to various members of the rolb protein family. this family is composed of 18 highly divergent t-dna-encoded proteins, the basic functions of which ...	2001	11277438
vipp1, a nuclear gene of arabidopsis thaliana essential for thylakoid membrane formation.	the conversion of light to chemical energy by the process of photosynthesis is localized to the thylakoid membrane network in plant chloroplasts. although several pathways have been described that target proteins into and across the thylakoids, little is known about the origin of this membrane system or how the lipid backbone of the thylakoids is transported and fused with the target membrane. thylakoid biogenesis and maintenance seem to involve the flow of membrane elements via vesicular transp ...	2001	11274447
endophytic colonization of rice by a diazotrophic strain of serratia marcescens.	six closely related n2-fixing bacterial strains were isolated from surface-sterilized roots and stems of four different rice varieties. the strains were identified as serratia marcescens by 16s rrna gene analysis. one strain, irbg500, chosen for further analysis showed acetylene reduction activity (ara) only when inoculated into media containing low levels of fixed nitrogen (yeast extract). diazotrophy of irbg500 was confirmed by measurement of 15n2 incorporation and by sequence analysis of the ...	2001	11274124
cloning and characterization of the gene cluster for palatinose metabolism from the phytopathogenic bacterium erwinia rhapontici.	erwinia rhapontici is able to convert sucrose into isomaltulose (palatinose, 6-o-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-d-fructose) and trehalulose (1-o-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-d-fructose) by the activity of a sucrose isomerase. these sucrose isomers cannot be metabolized by plant cells and most other organisms and therefore are possibly advantageous for the pathogen. this view is supported by the observation that in vitro yeast invertase activity can be inhibited by palatinose, thus preventing sucrose consumpti ...	2001	11274100
melamine deaminase and atrazine chlorohydrolase: 98 percent identical but functionally different.	the gene encoding melamine deaminase (tria) from pseudomonas sp. strain nrrl b-12227 was identified, cloned into escherichia coli, sequenced, and expressed for in vitro study of enzyme activity. melamine deaminase displaced two of the three amino groups from melamine, producing ammeline and ammelide as sequential products. the first deamination reaction occurred more than 10 times faster than the second. ammelide did not inhibit the first or second deamination reaction, suggesting that the lower ...	2001	11274097
mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase is required for genotoxic stress relief in arabidopsis.	genotoxic stress activates complex cellular responses allowing for the repair of dna damage and proper cell recovery. although plants are exposed constantly to increasing solar uv irradiation, the signaling cascades activated by genotoxic environments are largely unknown. we have identified an arabidopsis mutant (mkp1) hypersensitive to genotoxic stress treatments (uv-c and methyl methanesulphonate) due to disruption of a gene that encodes an arabidopsis homolog of mitogen-activated protein kina ...	2001	11274055
the complete nucleotide sequence of a plant root-inducing (ri) plasmid indicates its chimeric structure and evolutionary relationship between tumor-inducing (ti) and symbiotic (sym) plasmids in rhizobiaceae.	the ri (root-inducing) plasmid in agrobacterium rhizogenes and ti (tumor-inducing) plasmid in agrobacterium tumefaciens have provided the fundamental basis for the construction of plant vectors and transgenic plants. recently, the determination of the first complete nucleotide sequence of the ti plasmid (pti-sakura) has been successful. to understand the general structure of these oncogenic t-dna transfer plasmids, the whole nucleotide sequence of a mikimopine-type ri plasmid, pri1724, was analy ...	2001	11273700
agrobacterium mediated transformation of vigna sesquipedalis koern (asparagus bean).	agrobacterium mediated transformation of vigna sesquipedalis was achieved using cotyledonary node explants prepared from 5 days old seedlings germinated on b5 basal medium, and transformed using agrobacterium tumefaciens strain eha101, carrying the phosphinothricin-n-acetyltransferase gene and neomycin-3-phosphotransferase-ii gene as selectable markers and gus gene as a screenable marker. gene transfer was achieved by inoculation of cotyledonary node explants with a bacterial suspension and a fu ...	2000	11272416
an efficient method for the physical mapping of transgenes in barley using in situ hybridization.	the genetic transformation of crops by particle bombardment and agrobacterium tumefaciens systems have the potential to complement conventional plant breeding programmes. however, before deployment, transgenic plants need to be characterized in detail, and physical mapping is an integral part of this process. therefore, it is important to have a highly efficient method for transgene detection by fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish). this study describes a new approach, which provides effici ...	2001	11269343
dna methyltransferases of the cyanobacterium anabaena pcc 7120.	from the characterization of enzyme activities and the analysis of genomic sequences, the complement of dna methyltransferases (mtases) possessed by the cyanobacterium anabaena pcc 7120 has been deduced. anabaena has nine dna mtases. four are associated with type ii restriction enzymes (avai, avaii, avaiii and the newly recognized inactive avaiv), and five are not. of the latter, four may be classified as solitary mtases, those whose function lies outside of a restriction/modification system. th ...	2001	11266551
complete genome sequence of caulobacter crescentus.	the complete genome sequence of caulobacter crescentus was determined to be 4,016,942 base pairs in a single circular chromosome encoding 3,767 genes. this organism, which grows in a dilute aquatic environment, coordinates the cell division cycle and multiple cell differentiation events. with the annotated genome sequence, a full description of the genetic network that controls bacterial differentiation, cell growth, and cell cycle progression is within reach. two-component signal transduction p ...	2001	11259647
one rna polymerase serving two genomes.	the land plant arabidopsis thaliana contains three closely related nuclear genes encoding phage-type rna polymerases (rpot;1, rpot;2 and rpot;3). the gene products of rpot;1 and rpot;3 have previously been shown to be imported into mitochondria and chloroplasts, respectively. here we show that the transit peptide of rpot;2 possesses dual targeting properties. transient expression assays in tobacco protoplasts as well as stable transformation of arabidopsis plants demonstrate efficient targeting ...	2000	11258484
oral immunisation of naive and primed animals with transgenic potato tubers expressing lt-b.	the efficacy of edible vaccines produced in potato tubers was examined in mice. transgenic plants were developed by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. the antigen selected was the non-toxic b subunit of the escherichia coli enterotoxin (reclt-b). a synthetic gene coding for reclt-b was made and optimised for expression in potato tubers and accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum. introduction of this gene under control of the tuber-specific patatin promoter in potato plants res ...	2001	11257419
the green revolution: plants as heterologous expression vectors.	agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated gene transfer into the plant genome laid the groundwork for new procedures aimed at crop improvement, including resistance to pathogens, increased product yield, modified oil content, and resistance to environmental stress conditions. new developments in molecular plant virology have led to the generation of plant-based systems for transient expression of foreign sequences using plant virus vectors. in the last decade both transgenic plants and plant virus vect ...	2001	11257417
rapid screening technique for class 1 integrons in enterobacteriaceae and nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria and its use in molecular epidemiology.	a screening technique for integrons in members of the family enterobacteriaceae and nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria by real-time pcr is reported. a total of 226 isolates of gram-negative bacteria obtained from a variety of clinical specimens were screened for class 1 integrons by real-time pcr performed on a lightcycler instrument. this technique used a primer pair specific for a 300-bp conserved region at the 5' ends of class 1 integrons. the screening assay was evaluated by comparison wit ...	2001	11257011
effect of mass transfer limitations on the enzymatic kinetic resolution of epoxides in a two-liquid-phase system.	optically active epoxides can be obtained by kinetic resolution of racemic mixtures using enantioselective epoxide hydrolases. to increase the productivity of the conversion of sparingly aqueous soluble epoxides, we investigated the use of a two-phase aqueous/organic system. a kinetic model which takes into account interphase mass transfer, enzymatic reaction, and enzyme inactivation was developed to describe epoxide conversion in the system by the epoxide hydrolase from agrobacterium radiobacte ...	2001	11255151
curli fibers mediate internalization of escherichia coli by eukaryotic cells.	curli fibers are adhesive surface fibers expressed by escherichia coli and salmonella enterica that bind several host extracellular matrix and contact phase proteins and were assumed to have a role in pathogenesis. the results presented here suggest that one such role is internalization into host cells. an e. coli k-12 strain transformed with a low-copy vector containing the gene cluster encoding curli fibers (csg operon) was internalized by several lines of eukaryotic cells. the internalization ...	2001	11254632
flagellum of legionella pneumophila positively affects the early phase of infection of eukaryotic host cells.	legionella pneumophila, the etiologic agent of legionnaires' disease, contains a single, monopolar flagellum which is composed of one major subunit, the flaa protein. to evaluate the role of the flagellum in the pathogenesis and ecology of legionella, the flaa gene of l. pneumophila corby was mutagenized by introduction of a kanamycin resistance cassette. immunoblots with antiflagellin-specific polyclonal antiserum, electron microscopy, and motility assays confirmed that the specific flagellar m ...	2001	11254565
disruption of individual members of arabidopsis syntaxin gene families indicates each has essential functions.	syntaxins are a large group of proteins found in all eukaryotes involved in the fusion of transport vesicles to target membranes. twenty-four syntaxins grouped into 10 gene families are found in the model plant arabidopsis thaliana, each group containing one to five paralogous members. the arabidopsis syp2 and syp4 gene families contain three members each that share 60 to 80% protein sequence identity. gene disruptions of the yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) orthologs of the syp2 and syp4 gene f ...	2001	11251103
self-incompatibility in the genus arabidopsis: characterization of the s locus in the outcrossing a. lyrata and its autogamous relative a. thaliana.	as a starting point for a phylogenetic study of self-incompatibility (si) in crucifers and to elucidate the genetic basis of transitions between outcrossing and self-fertilizing mating systems in this family, we investigated the si system of arabidopsis lyrata. a. lyrata is an outcrossing close relative of the self-fertile a. thaliana and is thought to have diverged from a. thaliana approximately 5 million years ago and from brassica spp 15 to 20 million years ago. analysis of two s (sterility) ...	2001	11251101
lipoxygenase is involved in the control of potato tuber development.	plant lipoxygenases (loxs) are a functionally diverse class of dioxygenases implicated in physiological processes such as growth, senescence, and stress-related responses. loxs incorporate oxygen into their fatty acid substrates and produce hydroperoxide fatty acids that are precursors of jasmonic acid and related compounds. here, we report the involvement of the tuber-associated loxs, designated the lox1 class, in the control of tuber growth. rna hybridization analysis showed that the accumulat ...	2001	11251100
a small decrease of plastid transketolase activity in antisense tobacco transformants has dramatic effects on photosynthesis and phenylpropanoid metabolism.	transketolase (tk) catalyzes reactions in the calvin cycle and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (oppp) and produces erythrose-4-phosphate, which is a precursor for the shikimate pathway leading to phenylpropanoid metabolism. to investigate the consequences of decreased tk expression for primary and secondary metabolism, we transformed tobacco with a construct containing an antisense tk sequence. the results were as follows: (1) a 20 to 40% reduction of tk activity inhibited ribulose-1,5-b ...	2001	11251095
dynamic analyses of the expression of the histone::yfp fusion protein in arabidopsis show that syncytial endosperm is divided in mitotic domains.	during early seed development, nuclear divisions in the endosperm are not followed by cell division, leading to the development of a syncytium. the simple organization of the arabidopsis endosperm provides a model in which to study the regulation of the cell cycle in relation to development. to monitor nuclear divisions, we constructed a histone 2b::yellow fluorescent protein gene fusion (h2b::yfp). to validate its use as a vital marker for chromatin in plants, h2b::yfp was expressed constitutiv ...	2001	11251092
a gain-of-function mutation in iaa28 suppresses lateral root development.	the phytohormone auxin is important in many aspects of plant development. we have isolated an auxin-resistant arabidopsis mutant, iaa28-1, that is severely defective in lateral root formation and that has diminished adult size and decreased apical dominance. the iaa28-1 mutant is resistant to inhibition of root elongation by auxin, cytokinin, and ethylene, but it responds normally to other phytohormones. we identified the gene defective in the iaa28-1 mutant by using a map-based positional appro ...	2001	11251090
agricultural microbes genome 2: first glimpses into the genomes of plant-associated microbes.		2001	11251088
interaction of the virulence protein virf of agrobacterium tumefaciens with plant homologs of the yeast skp1 protein.	the infection of plants by agrobacterium tumefaciens leads to the formation of crown gall tumors due to the transfer of a nucleoprotein complex into plant cells that is mediated by the virulence (vir) region-encoded transport system (reviewed in [1-5]). in addition, a. tumefaciens secretes the vir proteins, vire2 and virf, directly into plant cells via the same virb/vird4 transport system [6], and both assist there in the transformation of normal cells into tumor cells. the function of the 22 kd ...	2001	11250154
a terminal flower1-like gene from perennial ryegrass involved in floral transition and axillary meristem identity.	control of flowering and the regulation of plant architecture have been thoroughly investigated in a number of well-studied dicot plants such as arabidopsis, antirrhinum, and tobacco. however, in many important monocot seed crops, molecular information on plant reproduction is still limited. to investigate the regulation of meristem identity and the control of floral transition in perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) we isolated a ryegrass terminal flower1-like gene, lptfl1, and characterized it ...	2001	11244130
expression of a gibberellin 2-oxidase gene around the shoot apex is related to phase transition in rice.	a major catabolic pathway for gibberellin (ga) is initiated by 2beta-hydroxylation, a reaction catalyzed by ga 2-oxidase. we have isolated and characterized a cdna, designated oryza sativa ga 2-oxidase 1 (osga2ox1) from rice (oryza sativa l. cv nipponbare) that encodes a ga 2-oxidase. the encoded protein, produced by heterologous expression in escherichia coli, converted ga(1), ga(4), ga(9), ga(20), and ga(44) to the corresponding 2beta-hydroxylated products ga(8), ga(34), ga(51), ga(29), and ga ...	2001	11244129
transposon-mediated single-copy gene delivery leads to increased transgene expression stability in barley.	instability of transgene expression in plants is often associated with complex multicopy patterns of transgene integration at the same locus, as well as position effects due to random integration. based on maize transposable elements activator (ac) and dissociation (ds), we developed a method to generate large numbers of transgenic barley (hordeum vulgare var golden promise) plants, each carrying a single transgene copy at different locations. plants expressing ac transposase (actpase) were cros ...	2001	11244115
glucan synthase complex of aspergillus fumigatus.	the glucan synthase complex of the human pathogenic mold aspergillus fumigatus has been investigated. the genes encoding the putative catalytic subunit fks1p and four rho proteins of a. fumigatus were cloned and sequenced. sequence analysis showed that affks1p was a transmembrane protein very similar to other fksp proteins in yeasts and in aspergillus nidulans. heterologous expression of the conserved internal hydrophilic domain of affks1p was achieved in escherichia coli. anti-fks1p antibodies ...	2001	11244067
regulation of ornibactin biosynthesis and n-acyl-l-homoserine lactone production by cepr in burkholderia cepacia.	the cepr-cepi quorum-sensing system has been shown to regulate production of the siderophore ornibactin, extracellular proteases, and n-octanoyl-homoserine-l-lactone (ohl) in burkholderia cepacia strain k56-2. to examine the effect of cepir on production of other siderophores, cepr mutants were constructed in strains that produce pyochelin in addition to salicylic acid and ornibactins. pc715j-r1 (cepr::tp) hyperproduced ornibactin but produced parental levels of pyochelin and salicylic acid, sug ...	2001	11244059
genomic sequence and transcriptional analysis of a 23-kilobase mycobacterial linear plasmid: evidence for horizontal transfer and identification of plasmid maintenance systems.	linear plasmids were unknown in mycobacteria until recently. here, we report the complete nucleotide sequence of 23-kb linear plasmid pclp from mycobacterium celatum, an opportunistic pathogen. the sequence of pclp revealed at least 19 putative open reading frames (orfs). expression of pclp genes in exponential-phase cultures was determined by reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr). twelve orfs were expressed, whereas no transcription of the 7 other orfs of pclp was detected. five of the 12 transcri ...	2001	11244052
methods for detecting acylated homoserine lactones produced by gram-negative bacteria and their application in studies of ahl-production kinetics.	in the process of evaluating the role of acylated homoserine lactones (ahls) in food-spoiling gram-negative bacteria, we have combined a range of bacterial ahl monitor systems to determine the ahl-profile and the kinetics of ahl-production. ahl production from 148 strains of enterobacteriaceae isolated from foods was tested using escherichia coli psb403 (luxr), agrobacterium tumefaciens a136 (trar) and both induction and inhibition of chromobacterium violaceum cv026 (cvir). all strains except on ...	2001	11240047
knox homeodomain protein directly suppresses the expression of a gibberellin biosynthetic gene in the tobacco shoot apical meristem.	to identify genes targeted by the tobacco knox homeodomain protein, nicotiana tabacum homeobox 15 (nth15), we have generated an inducible system using the human glucocorticoid receptor. in this system, steroid treatment strictly induced nth15 function and immediately suppressed the expression of a gibberellin (ga) biosynthetic gene encoding ga 20-oxidase (ntc12) and also resulted in a decrease in bioactive ga levels. the repression of ntc12 was observed even when indirect effects were blocked by ...	2001	11238378
crystal structure and site-directed mutagenesis studies of n-carbamoyl-d-amino-acid amidohydrolase from agrobacterium radiobacter reveals a homotetramer and insight into a catalytic cleft.	the n-carbamoyl-d-amino-acid amidohydrolase (d-ncaase) is used on an industrial scale for the production of d-amino acids. the crystal structure of d-ncaase was solved by multiple isomorphous replacement with anomalous scattering using xenon and gold derivatives, and refined to 1.95 a resolution, to an r-factor of 18.6 %. the crystal structure shows a four-layer alpha/beta fold with two six-stranded beta sheets packed on either side by two alpha helices. one exterior layer faces the solvent, whe ...	2001	11237598
arabidopsis glucosidase i mutants reveal a critical role of n-glycan trimming in seed development.	glycoproteins with asparagine-linked (n-linked) glycans occur in all eukaryotic cells. the function of their glycan moieties is one of the central problems in contemporary cell biology. n-glycosylation may modify physicochemical and biological protein properties such as conformation, degradation, intracellular sorting or secretion. we have isolated and characterized two allelic arabidopsis mutants, gcs1-1 and gcs1-2, which produce abnormal shrunken seeds, blocked at the heart stage of developmen ...	2001	11230125
biological sensor for sucrose availability: relative sensitivities of various reporter genes.	a set of three sucrose-regulated transcriptional fusions was constructed. fusions p61rytir, p61rylac, and p61ryice contain the scrr sucrose repressor gene and the promoterless gfp, lacz, and inaz reporter genes, respectively, fused to the scry promoter from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. cells of erwinia herbicola containing these fusions are induced only in media amended with sucrose, fructose, or sorbose. while a large variation in sucrose-dependent reporter gene activity was observe ...	2001	11229926
phylogenetic analysis of culturable dimethyl sulfide-producing bacteria from a spartina-dominated salt marsh and estuarine water.	dimethylsulfoniopropionate (dmsp), an abundant osmoprotectant found in marine algae and salt marsh cordgrass, can be metabolized to dimethyl sulfide (dms) and acrylate by microbes having the enzyme dmsp lyase. a suite of dms-producing bacteria isolated from a salt marsh and adjacent estuarine water on dmsp agar plates differed markedly from the pelagic strains currently in culture. while many of the salt marsh and estuarine isolates produced dms and methanethiol from methionine and dimethyl sulf ...	2001	11229912
acyl-homoserine lactone production is more common among plant-associated pseudomonas spp. than among soilborne pseudomonas spp.	a total of 137 soilborne and plant-associated bacterial strains belonging to different pseudomonas species were tested for their ability to synthesize n-acyl-homoserine lactones (nahl). fifty-four strains synthesized nahl. interestingly, nahl production appears to be more common among plant-associated than among soilborne pseudomonas spp. indeed, 40% of the analyzed pseudomonas syringae strains produced nahl which were identified most often as the short-chain nahl, n-hexanoyl-l-homoserine lacton ...	2001	11229911
the effect of the agrobacterium tumefaciens attr mutation on attachment and root colonization differs between legumes and other dicots.	infections of wound sites on dicot plants by agrobacterium tumefaciens result in the formation of crown gall tumors. an early step in tumor formation is bacterial attachment to the plant cells. attr mutants failed to attach to wound sites of both legumes and nonlegumes and were avirulent on both groups of plants. attr mutants also failed to attach to the root epidermis and root hairs of nonlegumes and had a markedly reduced ability to colonize the roots of these plants. however, attr mutants wer ...	2001	11229893
galactose-extended glycans of antibodies produced by transgenic plants.	plant-specific n-glycosylation can represent an important limitation for the use of recombinant glycoproteins of mammalian origin produced by transgenic plants. comparison of plant and mammalian n-glycan biosynthesis indicates that beta1,4-galactosyltransferase is the most important enzyme that is missing for conversion of typical plant n-glycans into mammalian-like n-glycans. here, the stable expression of human beta1,4-galactosyltransferase in tobacco plants is described. proteins isolated fro ...	2001	11226338
qscr, a modulator of quorum-sensing signal synthesis and virulence in pseudomonas aeruginosa.	the opportunistic pathogenic bacterium pseudomonas aeruginosa uses quorum-sensing signaling systems as global regulators of virulence genes. there are two quorum-sensing signal receptor and signal generator pairs, lasr-lasi and rhlr-rhli. the recently completed p. aeruginosa genome-sequencing project revealed a gene coding for a homolog of the signal receptors, lasr and rhlr. here we describe a role for this gene, which we call qscr. the qscr gene product governs the timing of quorum-sensing-con ...	2001	11226312
phylogeny of genes for secretion ntpases: identification of the widespread tada subfamily and development of a diagnostic key for gene classification.	macromolecular transport systems in bacteria currently are classified by function and sequence comparisons into five basic types. in this classification system, type ii and type iv secretion systems both possess members of a superfamily of genes for putative ntp hydrolase (ntpase) proteins that are strikingly similar in structure, function, and sequence. these include virb11, trbb, trag, gspe, pilb, pilt, and comg1. the predicted protein product of tada, a recently discovered gene required for t ...	2001	11226268
trm1, a yy1-like suppressor of rbcs-m3 expression in maize mesophyll cells.	the genes rbcs and rbcl encode, respectively, the small and large subunits of the photosynthetic carbon dioxide fixation enzyme ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. there is a single rbcl gene in each chloroplast chromosome; a family of rbcs genes is located in the nuclear genome. these two genes are not expressed in mesophyll cells but are in adjacent bundle-sheath cells of leaves of the c4 plant zea mays. two regions of the maize gene rbcs-m3 are required for suppressing expression in ...	2001	11226233
import of agrobacterium t-dna into plant nuclei: two distinct functions of vird2 and vire2 proteins.	to study the mechanism of nuclear import of t-dna, complexes consisting of the virulence proteins vird2 and vire2 as well as single-stranded dna (ssdna) were tested for import into plant nuclei in vitro. import of these complexes was fast and efficient and could be inhibited by a competitor, a nuclear localization signal (nls) coupled to bsa. for import of short ssdna, vird2 was sufficient, whereas import of long ssdna additionally required vire2. a vird2 mutant lacking its c-terminal nls was un ...	2001	11226191
wall-associated kinases are expressed throughout plant development and are required for cell expansion.	the mechanism by which events in the angiosperm cell wall are communicated to the cytoplasm is not well characterized. a family of five arabidopsis wall-associated kinases (waks) have the potential to provide a physical and signaling continuum between the cell wall and the cytoplasm. the waks have an active cytoplasmic protein kinase domain, span the plasma membrane, and contain an n terminus that binds the cell wall. we show here that waks are expressed at organ junctions, in shoot and root api ...	2001	11226187
identification of distinct specificity determinants in resistance protein cf-4 allows construction of a cf-9 mutant that confers recognition of avirulence protein avr4.	the tomato resistance genes cf-4 and cf-9 confer specific, hypersensitive response-associated recognition of cladosporium carrying the avirulence genes avr4 and avr9, respectively. cf-4 and cf-9 encode type i transmembrane proteins with extracellular leucine-rich repeats (lrrs). compared with cf-9, cf-4 lacks two lrrs and differs in 78 amino acid residues. to investigate the relevance of these differences for specificity, we exchanged domains between cf-4 and cf-9, and mutant constructs were tes ...	2001	11226185
domain swapping and gene shuffling identify sequences required for induction of an avr-dependent hypersensitive response by the tomato cf-4 and cf-9 proteins.	the tomato cf-4 and cf-9 genes confer resistance to infection by the biotrophic leaf mold pathogen cladosporium. their protein products induce a hypersensitive response (hr) upon recognition of the fungus-encoded avr4 and avr9 peptides. cf-4 and cf-9 share >91% sequence identity and are distinguished by sequences in their n-terminal domains a and b, their n-terminal leucine-rich repeats (lrrs) in domain c1, and their lrr copy number (25 and 27 lrrs, respectively). analysis of cf-4/cf-9 chimeras, ...	2001	11226184
petunia ap2-like genes and their role in flower and seed development.	we have isolated three apetala2 (ap2)-like genes from petunia and studied their expression patterns by in situ hybridization. phap2a has a high sequence similarity to the a function gene ap2 from arabidopsis and a similar expression pattern during flower development, suggesting that they are cognate orthologs. phap2b and phap2c encode for ap2-like proteins that belong to a different subgroup of the ap2 family of transcription factors and exhibit divergent, nearly complementary expression pattern ...	2001	11226182
symbiotic plasmid rearrangement in rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae vf39sm.	a rearrangement between the symbiotic plasmid (prlevf39d) and a nonsymbiotic plasmid (prlevf39b) in rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae vf39 was observed. the rearranged derivative showed the same plasmid profile as its parent strain, but hybridization to nod, fix, and nif genes indicated that most of the symbiotic genes were now present on a plasmid corresponding in size to prlevf39b instead of prlevf39d. on the other hand, some dna fragments originating from prlevf39b now hybridized to the plas ...	2001	11222618
mobilization function of the pbhr1 plasmid, a derivative of the broad-host-range plasmid pbbr1.	the pbhr1 plasmid is a derivative of the small (2.6-kb), mobilizable broad-host-range plasmid pbbr1, which was isolated from the gram-negative bacterium bordetella bronchiseptica (r. antoine and c. locht, mol. microbiol. 6:1785-1799, 1992). plasmid pbbr1 consists of two functional cassettes and presents sequence similarities with the transfer origins of several plasmids and mobilizable transposons from gram-positive bacteria. we show that the mob protein specifically recognizes a 52-bp sequence ...	2001	11222611
gene list on a plant tumor-inducing plasmid, pti-sakura in agrobacterium tumefaciens maff301001.		2000	11214973
a revision of rhizobium frank 1889, with an emended description of the genus, and the inclusion of all species of agrobacterium conn 1942 and allorhizobium undicola de lajudie et al. 1998 as new combinations: rhizobium radiobacter, r. rhizogenes, r. rubi, r. undicola and r. vitis.	rhizobium, agrobacterium and allorhizobium are genera within the bacterial family rhizobiaceae, together with sinorhizobium. the species of agrobacterium, agrobacterium tumefaciens (syn. agrobacterium radiobacter), agrobacterium rhizogenes, agrobacterium rubi and agrobacterium vitis, together with allorhizobium undicola, form a monophyletic group with all rhizobium species, based on comparative 16s rdna analyses. agrobacterium is an artificial genus comprising plant-pathogenic species. the monop ...	2001	11211278
[production of herbicide-resistant rice with transforming heterogene].	using pahc20 (containing bar gene), pwrg1515 (containing gus gene and hygromycin phosphotransferase gene), and pcambia3300 rg with bar gene and snowdrop lectin (gna) gene as donor dna, the micro-adventitious shoots and the calli induced from mature embryos of oryza sativa 87203, eyi105, shangnong aromatic glutinous rice as recipients were transformed with particle bombardment and agrobacterium tumefaciens strain lba4404 containing pal4404, respectively. after chosen with phosphinothricin and ant ...	2000	11209693
[establishment of a method for gus gene transferring into wheat (triticum astivum l.) embryos by low energy ion beam implantation].	physical parameters influencing transformation of wheat mediated by low energy ion beam, including type of ion, parameters of ion energy, dose and dose rate, were studied. ar+ was regarded as suitable ions implanted in transformation. 20-25 kev of energy, 4.68 x 10(16) ions/cm2 of dose, 2.6 x 10(15) ions/cm2 of dose rate were chosen as appropriate implantation parameters. the suitable culture conditions for induction and growth of callus and the optimal selection scheme were established, after i ...	2000	11209692
activation of a mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway is involved in disease resistance in tobacco.	hypersensitive response (hr), a form of programmed cell death, is frequently associated with plant disease resistance. it has been proposed that mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascades regulate hr cell death based on pharmacological studies by using kinase inhibitors. however, direct evidence is lacking. here, we demonstrate that ntmek2, a mapk kinase, is upstream of salicylic acid-induced protein kinase (sipk) and wounding-induced protein kinase (wipk), two tobacco mapks that are activ ...	2001	11209069