Publications

human erythrocyte phosphoglycerate kinase: purification, properties, and interaction with its antibody.		1973	4202713
the availability of food folate in man.		1973	4201754
formation of c3a and c5a anaphylatoxins in whole human serum after inhibition of the anaphylatoxin inactivator.	two biologically and chemically distinct anaphylatoxins (ats) could be generated in whole human serum after removal of the at inactivator (ai) by immune-absorption or after inhibition of ai with 1 m epsilon-aminocaproic acid (eaca). both human ats could be generated by treatment of serum with antigen-antibody complexes, which activate the classical complement pathway, and with inulin or yeast, both of which trigger the alternate pathway. the ats were isolated from serum in active form and charac ...	1973	4121926
morphologica and structural changes during the yeast-to mold conversion of phialophora dermatitidis.	the details of the morphological and structural events occurring during yeast-to-mold conversion of the human pathogenic fungus phialophora dermatitidis as seen by phase-contrast microscopy and electron microscopy are described and illustrated. budding yeasts growing exponentially were observed to have thin walls and a cytoplasm exhibiting the characteristics of rapidly growing cells including numerous mitochondria, abundant ribosomes, few vacuoles, and little accumulation of storage material. i ...	1973	4120203
isolation of yersinia enterocolitica and related species from foods in france.	the occurrence of yersinia enterocolitica and related species (y. intermedia, y. frederiksenii, y. kristensenii) in foods from france was investigated by using different enrichment procedures. initially, seven procedures were evaluated with pork products. these methods included a cold preenrichment in yeast extract-rose bengal broth or in phosphate-sorbitol-bile medium, followed by selective enrichment either in pastone-sucrose-tris-azide broth, in modified rappaport broth, or in bile-oxalate-so ...	1985	4083878
selenium status of exclusively breast-fed infants as influenced by maternal organic or inorganic selenium supplementation.	a longitudinal dietary se supplementation study on lactating mothers was performed to determine the possibilities of improving the se status of exclusively breast-fed infants. a total of 200 mothers randomized into three groups received either no se supplements, 100 micrograms of selenite, or 100 micrograms of yeast-se daily. maternal and infant serum se concentrations showed a linear correlation during exclusive breast-feeding. yeast-se in the dose administered was safe and more effective than ...	1985	4061344
(at)n is an interspersed repeat in the xenopus genome.	we have observed (at)34 and (at)23 tracts close to the coding sequences of the xenopus laevis tadpole alpha t1 and adult beta 1 globin genes, respectively. we show that (at)n sequences are found as interspersed repeats within the xenopus globin and histone gene loci. using (at)n co-polymer in filter hybridisation experiments we estimate that there are 10(4) (at)n tracts per haploid xenopus genome. hybridisation to genomic blots of dna from yeast, slime mold, trypanosome, fruit fly, salmon, chick ...	1985	4054102
a role for branchpoints in splicing in vivo.	the nucleotides immediately surrounding intron/exon junctions of genes transcribed by rna polymerase b can be derived from 'consensus' sequences for donor and acceptor splice sites by only a few base changes. studies in vivo have underlined the importance of these junction nucleotides for splicing. in higher eukaryotes, no evidence has been found for specific internal intron sequences involved in splicing. however, the recent discovery that, in vitro, introns are excised in a lariat form where t ...	1985	4000270
igg purification to measure the level of an iodinated thyroglobulin peptide, the 3,5,3',5' tetraiodo-l-tyrosyl-l-tyrosine in human serum.	antibodies reacting with 3,5,3',5' tetraiodo-l-tyrosyl-l-tyrosine (i2tyr-i2tyr) were elicited in rabbits by immunization with an oxidized yeast conjugate coupled with i2tyr-i2tyr. ion-exchange chromatography was used to purify immunoglobulins, in order to improve the specificity in measurement of i2tyr-i2tyr level in patient serum. igg binding capacity versus i2tyr-i2tyr was considerably increased after immunoglobulin purification.	1985	3972086
intracellular growth and phagocytosis of blastomyces dermatitidis by monocyte-derived macrophages from previously infected and normal subjects.	blastomyces dermatitidis evokes responses of human cellular immunity typical of other intracellular fungal pathogens. differences in growth rates of intracellular blastomyces yeast and the differences in amounts of yeast phagocytized by macrophages were determined for macrophages derived from peripheral blood monocytes from 11 persons with treated blastomycosis and 11 normal, healthy persons. cellular immunity was examined by lymphocyte uptake of [3h]thymidine in response to a specific antigen o ...	1985	3965594
some observations made by intracellular recordings in a primary astrocyte culture and a glioblastoma '138 mg'.	intracellular recordings were performed in a primary astrocyte culture from rat brain and in a human glioblastoma cell line, 138 mg. the technique proved insufficient to verify the heterogeneous composition of the primary astrocyte culture, since this study shows most cells present in the culture to have similar resting membrane potential, membrane impedance, membrane potential/impedance relationship and k+-sensitivity. with the exception of macrophages, identified by their response to externall ...	1986	3962687
unscheduled dna synthesis in xeroderma pigmentosum cells after microinjection of yeast photoreactivating enzyme.	photoreactivating enzyme (pre) from yeast causes a light-dependent reduction of uv-induced unscheduled dna synthesis (uds) when injected into the cytoplasm of repair-proficient human fibroblasts (zwetsloot et al., 1985). this result indicates that the exogenous pre monomerizes uv-induced dimers in these cells competing with the endogenous excision repair. in this paper we present the results of the injection of yeast pre on (residual) uds in fibroblasts from different excision-deficient xp-strai ...	1986	3951462
expression of normal and activated human ha-ras cdnas in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	we expressed normal and activated human cellular ha-ras cdnas which encode 21,000-dalton polypeptides (p21s) in saccharomyces cerevisiae by their insertion into a 2 micron-based replicating plasmid vector under 3-phosphoglycerate kinase promoter control. we found that newly synthesized p21 in s. cerevisiae was produced as a soluble precursor (pro-p21) which matured into a form electrophoretically indistinguishable from the processed form (p21) observed in mammalian cells. coincident with the pro ...	1985	3939254
expression of active human uterine tissue plasminogen activator in yeast.	tissue-type plasminogen activator (tpa) cdna derived from human uterine mrna was inserted into different yeast expression vectors. all such expression plasmids carried a yeast acid phosphatase (pho5) promoter, a 2-micron plasmid replication origin, transcription termination signals, and a selectable trp1 gene. plasmid pybdt-10 contained the entire tpa coding region ("pre-pro-tpa"), pybdt-10-pro contained a sequence encoding the putative pro-tpa precusor, and pybdt-6 contained only a mature tpa c ...	1985	3937715
limiting role of 6-phosphogluconolactonase in erythrocyte hexose monophosphate pathway metabolism.	the natural product of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction is 6-phosphoglucono-delta-lactone, which must be hydrolyzed to 6-phosphogluconic acid before it can be further metabolized by 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. because this lactone is very unstable, it has been uncertain whether the enzyme that hydrolyzes it, 6-phosphogluconolactonase, is required for functioning of the hexose monophosphate pathway. we have purified glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconolactonase, ...	1985	3932573
characterization and developmental expression of a drosophila ras oncogene.	we cloned a drosophila melanogaster ras gene (dmras64b) on the basis of its homology to the ras oncogen from harvey murine sarcoma virus. this gene mapped at chromosomal position 64b on the left arm of the third chromosome. sequencing of dmras64b revealed extensive amino acid homology with the proteins encoded by the human and saccharomyces cerevisiae ras genes. the coding region of the drosophila gene is interrupted by two introns located in different positions with respect to its human counter ...	1985	3921827
production of human c-myc protein in insect cells infected with a baculovirus expression vector.	a cdna fragment coding for human c-myc was inserted into the genome of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus adjacent to the strong polyhedrin promoter. insect cells infected with the recombinant virus produced significant amounts of c-myc protein, which constituted the major phosphoprotein component in these cells. by immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analysis, two proteins of 61 and 64 kilodaltons were detected with c-myc-specific antisera. the insect-derived prote ...	1985	3915537
expression of a synthetic human growth hormone gene in yeast.	a synthetic human growth hormone (hgh) gene was efficiently expressed under the control of the repressible acid phosphatase promoter in yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae). more than 10(6) molecules of hormone were formed per cell despite the fact that the gene was constructed with codon preference for escherichia coli.	1985	3908222
adherence of candida to cultured vascular endothelial cells: mechanisms of attachment and endothelial cell penetration.	to elucidate the pathogenesis of hematogenous candida infections, we developed an in vitro model of candida adherence to and penetration of human endothelial cells. we enhanced or inhibited adherence in order to probe mechanisms of attachment. adherence of candida albicans showed a linear relation to candida inoculum (range, 10(2)-10(5) cfu, r = .99, p less than .01) and exceeded that of less virulent candida species and that of saccharomyces cerevisiae (p less than .01). candida immune serum bl ...	1985	3905987
molecular cloning and regulated expression of the human c-myc gene in escherichia coli and saccharomyces cerevisiae: comparison of the protein products.	mrna from human hl-60 cells was used to prepare a cdna library, from which two full-length clones that encompass the complete c-myc coding region were isolated. one clone, pm1-11, contains all three exons of human c-myc. the second clone, pm4-10, represents a relatively rare transcript that initiated in the first intron and includes the coding exons 2 and 3. the cdna insert in pm1-11 was used to express the human c-myc protein in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. insertion of the coding seq ...	1985	3903749
factors governing adherence of candida species to plastic surfaces.	the ability of candida albicans and candida spp. to adhere to inert polymeric surfaces may allow these organisms direct ingress into the human host. biophysical characterization of this adherence shows that the forces responsible for such adherence are attractive london-van der waals forces (or hydrophobic forces) and electrostatic forces. the hydrophobic affinity of yeasts was determined by (i) a water-hydrocarbon two-phase assay and by (ii) measurement of the contact angle (theta) of a liquid ...	1985	3899942
photochemotherapy using pyridopsoralens.	aiming to decrease the acute side effects and genotoxic hazards of puva, pyrido (3,4-c) psoralen (pp) and 7-methyl pyrido (3,4-c) psoralen (mpp) were synthesized and studied. their uva maximum absorption lies at 325 and 330 nm, respectively. their photostability is comparable to that of 8-mop. they complex to dna in the dark, and, in the presence of uva, produce only monoadditions to dna, as shown by fluorescence and dna denaturation-renaturation studies. in diploid eukaryotic yeast they are mor ...	1985	3899194
studies of human natural killer cytotoxic factor (nkcf): characterization and analysis of its mode of action.	soluble natural killer cytotoxic factors (nkcf) have been detected in the supernatant of normal mouse, rat, and human lymphocytes stimulated in vitro for 1 to 3 days in serum-free medium. stimulation of large granular lymphocytes (lgl) with nk-sensitive targets or mitogens has resulted in high levels of nkcf production. previous studies in the mouse and human systems have analyzed the cells responsible for production, specificity, and general characteristics of nkcf. in the present study, using ...	1985	3898750
differential activation of yeast adenylate cyclase by wild-type and mutant ras proteins.	in these experiments we demonstrate that purified ras proteins, whether derived from the yeast ras1 or ras2 or the human h-ras genes, activate yeast adenylate cyclase in the presence of guanine nucleotides. these results confirm the prediction of earlier genetic and biochemical data and for the first time provide a complete biochemical assay for ras protein function. furthermore, we observe a biochemical difference between the ras2 and ras2val19 proteins in their ability to activate adenylate cy ...	1985	3891097
a novel ras-related gene family.	we have identified a new family of ras genes, the rho genes, which share several properties with the more classical ras gene family consisting of n-, k-, and h-ras. the rho genes, first isolated from a cdna library from the abdominal ganglia of aplysia, encode proteins that share 35% amino acid homology with h-ras. evolutionarily conserved counterparts of rho have been detected in yeast, in drosophila, in rat, and in man. sequence analysis reveals over 85% homology between the human and aplysia ...	1985	3888408
attempted expression of a human initiator trna gene in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	in attempts to overproduce the wild type and, eventually, mutant human initiator methionine trnas for use in structure-function relationship studies, we have investigated the expression of the wild type human initiator trna gene in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, both in vitro and in vivo. we find that the yeast extract, while capable of accurately transcribing several yeast trna genes, does not transcribe the human initiator trna gene. in addition, when the human initiator trna gene is intr ...	1985	3886659
a flow cytometric method for the measurement of phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leucocytes.	a new method for the measurement of phagocytosis of candida albicans by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmn) is described using a fluorescence activated cell sorter. we have used acridine orange to discriminate between pmn which have internalised yeast particles and those which have not. this method allows accurate measurement of particle phagocytosis as an event distinct from particle adherence. it also permits detailed examination of the kinetics of phagocytosis, the study of which is like ...	1985	3882836
modulation of human natural killer cell activity by recombinant human interleukin 2.	recombinant human il-2, secreted by yeast harboring a plasmid containing a synthetic il-2 gene, is biologically active in augmenting human natural killer (nk) cell activity. a dose-dependent linear stimulation of nk activity was obtained against the chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line k562 over the range of 3 to 300 units/ml of il-2. enhancement of nk activity was similarly demonstrable against the less nk-sensitive carcinoma cell lines lovo and skosc. il-2 could also be demonstrated to augme ...	1985	3881192
modulation of human natural killer cell activity by recombinant human interleukin 2.	recombinant human il-2, secreted by yeast harboring a plasmid containing a synthetic il-2 gene, is biologically active in augmenting human natural killer (nk) cell activity. a dose-dependent linear stimulation of nk activity was obtained against the chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line k562 over the range 3 to 300 units/ml of il-2. enhancement of nk activity was similarly demonstrable against the less nk-sensitive carcinoma cell lines lovo and skosc. il-2 could also be demonstrated to augment ...	1985	3871664
[study on the presence of yeasts in the feces of the rock pigeon (columba livia gmelin 1789) from rural areas].	the diffusion of rock-pigeon (domestic form of columba livia gmelin 1789) is greatly increasing owing to its high reproductivity; for this reason it is present in both countries and cities. this bird is considered an important vector of pathogens to man and domestic animals, and today it represents a serious hygienic-sanitary problem. therefore we checked for the presence of yeasts in feces of rock-pigeons nesting in the regional park "la mandria" (near turin), visited mostly by school-children ...	1985	3870648
inhibition of bone marrow colony formation by human natural killer cells and by natural killer cell-derived colony-inhibiting activity.	incubation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with bone marrow cells resulted in significant inhibition of colony formation by committed myeloid and erythroid cells. using positively selected homogeneous natural killer (nk) cell preparations and lymphocyte subpopulations depleted of or enriched for nk cells, we definitively characterize as nk cells the cells in normal peripheral blood that are responsible for inhibition of bone marrow colony growth. the inhibitory effect of nk cells on hemato ...	1985	3838767
infective endocarditis of a bicuspid aortic valve caused by hansenula anomala.	infective endocarditis due to hansenula anomala developed on a bicuspid aortic valve in a 40-year-old man. h. anomala, an ascomycetous yeast, may be a member of the normal flora of the throat and alimentary tract in humans but has not been previously known to be pathogenic in humans. a past history of intravenous drug use may have contributed to the development of disease in this patient.	1987	3799679
primary structure of human ribosomal protein s14 and the gene that encodes it.	chinese hamster ribosomal protein s14 cdna was used to recognize homologous human cdna and genomic clones. human and chinese hamster s14 protein sequences deduced from the cdnas are identical. two overlapping human genomic s14 dna clones were isolated from a charon 28 placental dna library. a fragment of single-copy dna derived from an intron region of one clone was mapped to the functional rps14 locus on human chromosome 5q by using a panel of human x chinese hamster hybrid cell dnas. the human ...	1986	3785212
crystallographic characterization of recombinant human cuzn superoxide dismutase.	recombinant human cuzn superoxide dismutase as expressed in yeast has been crystallized in three different crystal forms. hexagonal plates grow from 2.4 m ammonium sulfate, ph 7.5, and belong to the space group p6(3)22, with cell dimensions a = b = 113.5(3), c = 151.5(5) a, and vm = 2.21 a3/dalton for two dimers per asymmetric unit. at 2.0 m ammonium sulfate, ph 7.5, chunky wedges grow in space group c222(1), a = 205.2(6), b = 166.5(4), c = 145.4(4) a with a vm of 2.43 a3/dalton for eight dimers ...	1986	3782115
chromosomal protein hmg-17. complete human cdna sequence and evidence for a multigene family.	antibodies elicited against chromosomal protein hmg-17, purified from calf, were used to screen a human lambda gt11 cdna expression library and isolate the full length cdna coding for this protein. sequence analysis reveals that the nucleotide distribution along this cdna is highly asymmetric. the amino acid sequence, deduced from the reading frame, reveals that the human hmg-17 is, respectively, 96 and 92% homologous with the calf and chicken protein. the amino acid substitution are conservativ ...	1986	3754870
aminopeptidase iii activity in normal and cataractous lenses.	aminopeptidase iii activity was demonstrated in extracts from several different mammalian lenses by the hydrolysis of arg-mca at ph 6.0. no more than a two-fold difference was seen in overall specific activity. sections of bovine lenses were removed from the periphery to the center and assayed. a sharp decline in activity was observed in the inner cortical region, and little or no activity was observed in the lens nucleus. this correlated with an increase in the presence of low molecular weight ...	1986	3720344
analysis of rat natural killer cytotoxic factor (nkcf) produced by rat nk cell lines and the production of a murine monoclonal antibody that neutralizes nkcf.	natural killer cytotoxic factor (nkcf) is produced as a result of the interaction of murine, rat, or human natural killer (nk) cells with nk-susceptible targets. this factor has been linked to the target cell lysis mediated by the nk effector cell. in the present results, culture supernatants from rat large granular lymphocyte (lgl) tumors exhibited nkcf activity which lysed the susceptible targets, mbl-2 and yac-1. nkcf production from these rat tumor lines was spontaneous and was not significa ...	1987	3668253
lead and cadmium content in cocoa beans (short communication).	the choice of cocoa beans as the experimental and sample material for study of the contamination with lead and cadmium was inspired by high pb and cd limits in foods made on its basis (cocoa powder, chocolate) as well as by the relatively high proportion of these foods in human nutrition. for cd, the limits in food products are within the range of 0.01 mg x kg-1 (milk) to 1.0 mg x kg-1 (kidneys) whereas the limits for lead range between 0.1 mg x kg-1 (e.g. milk) and 10.0 mg x kg-1 (e.g. tea, yea ...	1987	3657942
the primary structure of rat ribosomal protein l5. a comparison of the sequence of amino acids in the proteins that interact with 5 s rrna.	the covalent structure of rat ribosomal protein l5, which associates with 5 s rrna in the organelle, was deduced from the sequence of nucleotides in a recombinant cdna (pl5-6-4) and confirmed from the sequences of amino acids in portions of the protein. ribosomal protein l5, encoded by pl5-6-4, contains 296 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 34,298. however, a second recombinant cdna, pl5-8-5, encodes a protein with an additional methionyl residue at position 236 and may be the product of ...	1987	3624282
cloning and sequence of rat myoadenylate deaminase cdna. evidence for tissue-specific and developmental regulation.	myoadenylate deaminase is the muscle-specific isoform of amp deaminase (ec 3.5.4.6), an enzyme which plays a special role in energy metabolism in skeletal muscle. a 2.3-kilobase cdna encoding this enzyme has been cloned from a lambda gt10 library prepared from rat skeletal muscle using oligonucleotide probes designed from amp deaminase peptide sequences. this cdna was sequenced, and the amino acid sequence of this isoform of amp deaminase was deduced. sequences homologous to this cdna are identi ...	1987	3624265
phaeohyphomycotic cyst caused by a recently described species, phaeoannellomyces elegans.	an 81-year-old man presented with a chronic, painful nodule on the palmar surface of the left fourth finger. as a former farm worker, the patient acknowledged frequent soil-contaminated wounds of the left hand 4 to 12 years previously, but he denied any recent trauma. the patient's other medical problems included a history of chronic immunoglobulin a gammopathy and a new pleural mass eroding into adjacent ribs on chest x-ray. the finger nodule was excised and consisted of an intact phaeohyphomyc ...	1987	3571467
expression of the human salivary alpha-amylase gene in yeast and characterization of the secreted protein.	recombinant plasmids were constructed in which the human salivary alpha-amylase gene, with or without the n-terminal signal sequence for secretion, was placed under control of the apase (pho5) promoter of saccharomyces cerevisiae. in yeast cells transformed with the alpha-amylase gene having the human signal sequence for secretion, the gene was expressed and the enzyme was secreted into the medium in three different glycosylated forms. the amylase gene without the signal sequence was also expres ...	1986	3556325
5-hydroxymethyluracil-dna glycosylase activity may be a differentiated mammalian function.	to determine the prevalence of the repair enzyme hmu-dna glycosylase we assayed its activity in whole cell extracts of several bacterial species, the eukaryotic yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, mammalian cell lines and murine tissue. enzyme activity was constitutively present in murine, hamster and human cell lines. it was not inducible by exposing cells to oxidative stress from ionizing radiation or by incubating cells with the 2'-deoxynucleoside of hmu, hmdu. in murine tissue, enzyme activity w ...	1987	3553917
effect of fosfomycin trometamol on bacterial adhesion in comparison with other chemotherapeutic agents.	the effect of fosfomycin trometamol in comparison with that of norfloxacin and co-trimoxazole on the hemagglutination, yeast cell aggregation and adhesive properties of both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms was studied. the strains were isolated from the urine of patients with urinary tract infections, or from vaginal swabs. at sublethal concentrations (1/4 and 1/8 of the minimal inhibitory concentration), the ability of the bacteria to adhere to human uroepithelial cells was reduc ...	1987	3552703
expression of the hepatitis b virus large envelope protein in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	the yeast vector ppv2 has been constructed for inducible expression of non-fused proteins from the pho5 promoter. signals of the ura3 gene are used for transcription termination. the 226-amino-acid 'major' and the 389-amino-acid 'large' envelope protein of hepatitis b virus (hbv) have been produced in saccharomyces cerevisiae following insertion of the s gene or of the entire pre-s region and the s gene, respectively, of hbv into ppv2. although normally only a minor constituent of the viral enve ...	1986	3549460
subcellular location of enzymes involved in the n-glycosylation and processing of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	a particulate translation system isolated from the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae was shown to translate faithfully in-vitro-transcribed mrna coding for a mating hormone precursor (prepro-alpha-factor mrna) and to n-glycosylate the primary translation product after its translocation into the lumen of the microsomal vesicles. glycosylation of its three potential sugar attachment sites was found to be competitively inhibited by acceptor peptides containing the consensus sequence asn-xaa-thr, suppo ...	1987	3549291
characterization of two members of the rho gene family from the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae.	the rho genes comprise an evolutionarily conserved family with significant homology to the ras oncogene family. two members of the rho family were isolated from the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae and characterized by dna sequence analysis. the yeast genes rho1 and rho2 are 70% and 57% identical, respectively, to the rho gene of the marine snail aplysia, and they are 53% identical to each other. inactivation of these genes showed that rho1 is required for cell viability, while rho2 is not an esse ...	1987	3543936
unusually high-level expression of a foreign gene (hepatitis b virus core antigen) in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	as a model system for the study of factors affecting gene expression, hepatitis b virus core antigen (hbcag) has been expressed in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. the singularly high levels of expression achieved are approx. 40% of the soluble yeast protein. the hbcag polypeptides are present as 28-nm particles which are morphologically indistinguishable from hbcag particles in human plasma and are highly immunogenic in mice. the plasmid construction employed to achieve these very high level ...	1986	3542716
the nucleotide sequence of a cdna clone containing the entire coding region for mouse x-chromosome-linked phosphoglycerate kinase.	a clone containing cdna for x chromosome-linked phosphoglycerate kinase (pgk-1) was isolated from a mouse myeloma cdna library. the nucleotide (nt) sequence of the cdna has been determined, and the amino acid (aa) sequence of the enzyme thereby deduced. at the nt level, the coding region of mouse pgk cdna has 93% homology with human x-linked cdna and 60% homology with the yeast gene. mouse pgk-1 protein contains 416 aa and is 98%, 96% and 64% homologous with human, horse, and yeast enzyme sequen ...	1986	3542714
efficient expression of the saccharomyces cerevisiae pgk gene depends on an upstream activation sequence but does not require tata sequences.	the saccharomyces cerevisiae pgk (phosphoglycerate kinase) gene encodes one of the most abundant mrna and protein species in the cell. to identify the promoter sequences required for the efficient expression of pgk, we undertook a detailed internal deletion analysis of the 5' noncoding region of the gene. our analysis revealed that pgk has an upstream activation sequence (uaspgk) located between 402 and 479 nucleotides upstream from the initiating atg sequence which is required for full transcri ...	1986	3540610
[increase in the coefficient of component utilization by balancing the composition of the nutrient medium for growing pneumococci].	the possibility of using the experimental-analytical balance method (eabm) for development of balanced media, optimal and economic by their composition is shown. the method is based on the specific growth activity of the medium components and mathematical calculation of their concentrations. a balanced medium containing human placenta hydrolysate was developed. the medium has a high component consumption coefficient and provides maintenance of high levels of the pneumococcal culture biological p ...	1986	3532938
expression of synthetic human-lysozyme gene in saccharomyces cerevisiae: use of a synthetic chicken-lysozyme signal sequence for secretion and processing.	a multicopy plasmid was constructed to direct the synthesis and secretion of human lysozyme (hly) in saccharomyces cerevisiae. this plasmid contains a synthetic chicken-lysozyme signal sequence (sig) and a synthetic hly structural gene, both inserted between the yeast gal10 promoter and 2 mu plasmid flp (flip-flop recombination gene) terminator. the resulting plasmid directed the expression of the hybrid pre-lysozyme, with most of the hly activity secreted into the culture medium and extracellul ...	1986	3527872
molecular approaches to the study of nucleotide excision repair in eukaryotes.	very little is known about the molecular mechanism of nucleotide excision repair in eukaryotes. studies on human cells have been stimulated by the availability of excision repair-defective cell lines from patients suffering from the autosomal recessive disease xeroderma pigmentosum (xp). such studies have contributed significantly to an understanding of the genetic complexity of excision repair in human cells. however, to date, no human excision repair genes or gene products known to complement ...	1986	3527144
pathogenesis of vaginal candidiasis: studies with a mutant which has reduced ability to adhere in vitro.	a spontaneous, cerulenin-resistant mutant of candida albicans (strain 4918-10) was found to adhere less readily to human vaginal mucosal cells in vitro than a wild type c. albicans (strain 4918). in a murine model of vaginal infection, strain 4918-10 was found to be less virulent than wild type c. albicans, i.e., the infection rate caused by 4918-10 was only 31% of that observed with wild type, 4918. a chitin-soluble extract (cse) prepared from 4918 blocked attachment of yeast cells to human vag ...	1986	3522840
further studies on the quaternary structure of yeast casein kinase ii.	casein kinase type ii were isolated by the same procedure, from rat liver, human placenta, querin carcinoma and yeast, and characterized. the mammalian enzymes were composed of three subunits alpha, alpha' and beta, whereas yeast kinase was composed of two subunits alpha and alpha'. it was shown that the catalytic activity, substrate and phosphate donor specificity, sensitivity to heparin and spermine were the same for all the kinases tested. the results give additional support to the suggestion ...	1986	3521166
separation of chromosomal dna molecules from c.albicans by pulsed field gel electrophoresis.	modifications have been made to standard pulse field gel electrophoresis (pfge) systems to enable very large dna molecules to be resolved. the single most important modification was to elevate the temperature of electrophoresis to 35 degrees c. this enabled the largest saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome to be reproducibly resolved. more impressively, it enabled the dna of candida albicans to be clearly resolved into six bands, a feat which was very difficult at lower temperatures. even so, opti ...	1986	3520483
how proteins get into microbodies (peroxisomes, glyoxysomes, glycosomes).	all microbody proteins studies, including one microbody membrane protein, are made on free polysomes and imported post-translationally. this holds for animal tissues, plants, and fungi. the majority of microbody protein sub-units are synthesized in a form not detectably different from mature sub-units. in five cases a larger precursor protein has been found. the position of the extra piece in this precursor is not known. in two of the five cases, processing of the precursor is not coupled to imp ...	1986	3516224
isolation of human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) cdna clones: primary structure of the protein and unusual 5' non-coding region.	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) is an ubiquitous enzyme which by determining the nadph level has a crucial role in nadph-mediated reductive processes in all cells (1). the structural gene for g6pd, gd, is x-linked in mammals and on the basis of its expression in many tissues, it can be regarded as a typical "housekeeping" gene (2). over 300 variants of the protein are known, many of which have deficient enzyme activity. nearly 100 of these variants are polymorphic in various populations ...	1986	3515319
activation of the complement system by cryptococcus neoformans leads to binding of ic3b to the yeast.	the complement system plays a key role in resistance to cryptococcosis. in the present study, we examined several factors that influence the binding of c3 cleavage fragments to cryptococcus neoformans. binding of c3 was determined by using normal human serum supplemented with 125i-labeled c3. incubation of encapsulated cryptococci in 20% serum led to the binding of approximately 3.2 x 10(6) molecules of c3 to each cell. the binding of c3 was markedly inhibited by heating the serum at 56 degrees ...	1986	3514450
a sensitive and rapid gel retention assay for nuclear factor i and other dna-binding proteins in crude nuclear extracts.	the paper describes a rapid and sensitive assay for dna binding proteins which interact with specific and defined binding sites. it exploits the observation that complexes of proteins and small synthetic dna fragments (40 bp) containing the protein/dna binding site can enter native polyacrylamide gels and remain stably associated during electrophoresis under non-denaturing conditions. the assay was applied to nuclear factor i, to its identification and purification from porcine liver, to an anal ...	1986	3513122
the primary structure of the alpha subunit of human elongation factor 1. structural aspects of guanine-nucleotide-binding sites.	the primary structure of the alpha subunit of elongation factor 1 (ef-1 alpha) from human molt 4 cells was determined by cdna sequencing. the data show that the conservation of the amino acid sequence is more than 80% when compared with yeast and artemia ef-1 alpha. an inventory of amino acid sequences around the guanine-nucleotide-binding site in elongation factor tu from escherichia coli and homologous amino acid sequences in g proteins, initiation and elongation factors and proteins from the ...	1986	3512269
comparative anti-inflammatory activity of different superoxide dismutases and liposomal sod in ischemia.	comparison of superoxide dismutases from different sources with respect to biological activity in the rat tourniquet poditis model shows that anti-ischemic activity is very variable although all the enzymes have the same specific enzymic activity. both bovine cu-sod and e. coli mn-sod have excellent properties whereas yeast cu-sod and the homologous rat cu-sod show zero activity. the results confirm earlier demonstrations that (1) "all superoxide dismutases are equal but some are more equal than ...	1987	3508453
a human and a plant intron-containing trnatyr gene are both transcribed in a hela cell extract but spliced along different pathways.	trna splicing enzymes had been identified in mammalian and plant cells long before homologous intron-containing trna genes were detected. the trnatyr gene presented here is the first intron-containing, human trna gene for which transcription and pre-trna maturation has been studied in a homologous system. this gene is disrupted by a 20-bp long intron and encodes one of the two major human trnastyr which have been purified and sequenced. a trnatyr gene recently isolated from nicotiana also contai ...	1987	3502708
augmentation of lung antineutrophil elastase capacity with recombinant human alpha-1-antitrypsin.	to evaluate the potential use of recombinant dna-produced alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha-1-at) to augment the lung antineutrophil elastase defenses in alpha-1-at deficiency, we compared the kinetics of intravenously administered recombinant produced alpha-1-at (r alpha-1-at) and purified normal human plasma alpha-1-at (p alpha-1-at) in the blood and lung of rhesus monkeys. the r alpha-1-at was produced in yeast transformed with an expressing plasmid containing a full-length human alpha-1-at compleme ...	1987	3500941
enhancement of neutrophil-mediated phagocytosis by human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor demonstrated using a novel mathematical model.	a mathematical model is presented which may be applied to describe and analyse data from microscopic phagocytosis assays. the method has been used to investigate the phagocytosis of opsonized yeast by peripheral blood neutrophils treated with purified recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rh gm-csf) in vitro. under limiting conditions of serum opsonization, rh gm-csf decreased the proportion of non-phagocytic cells and increased the mean number of ingested yeast per ...	1987	3500121
cloning and sequence analysis of cdna for human argininosuccinate lyase.	using antibodies specific for argininosuccinate lyase (ec 4.3.2.1), we isolated two cdna clones by screening a human liver cdna library constructed in the lambda gt11 expression vector. the identity of these isolates was confirmed by in vitro translation of plasmid-selected mrna. one of these isolates was used to rescreen the cdna library and a 1565-base-pair (bp) clone was identified. the entire nucleotide sequence of this clone was determined. an open reading frame was identified which encoded ...	1986	3463959
yeast organisms associated with human oral leukoplakia.	oral leukoplakia is a lesion of variable clinical behaviour and a malignant transformation rate of 3-6%. leukoplakia exhibits various histologic features, hyperkeratinization being the most consistent. as yeast organisms have been encountered in a high proportion of leukoplakia cases, a causal role has been suggested for these organisms. candida albicans is by far the most commonly isolated yeast from leukoplakia, but also other candida species as well as torulopsis and saccharomyces species may ...	1986	3459346
molecular cloning of cdna for the nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle c proteins: a conserved gene family.	the c proteins, c1 and c2, are major constituents of the heterogeneous nuclear rna (hnrna) ribonucleoprotein (hnrnp) complex in vertebrates. c1 and c2 are antigenically related phosphoproteins that are in contact with hnrna in intact cells and bind to rna tightly in vitro. a cdna clone for the c proteins was isolated by immunological screening of a human lambda gt11 expression vector cdna library with monoclonal antibodies. the lacz-cdna fusion protein is recognized by two different anti-c prote ...	1986	3457372
a gene activated by growth factors is related to the oncogene v-jun.	we have recently identified by cdna cloning a set of genes that are rapidly activated in cultured mouse cells by protein growth factors. here we report that the nucleotide sequence of a cdna (clone 465) derived from one of these immediate early genes (hereafter called jun-b) encodes a protein homologous to that encoded by the avian sarcoma virus 17 oncogene v-jun. homology between the jun-b and v-jun proteins is in two regions: one near the n terminus and the other at the c terminus. the latter ...	1988	3422745
[antiviral activity of yeast dsrna in experimental infection caused by the human acute encephalomyelitis virus].		1988	3414074
activation at m-phase of a protein kinase encoded by a starfish homologue of the cell cycle control gene cdc2+.	in both starfish and amphibian oocytes, the activity of a major protein kinase which is independent of ca2+ and cyclic nucleotides increases dramatically at meiotic and mitotic nuclear divisions. the in vivo substrates of this kinase are unknown, but phosphorylation of h1 histone can be used as an in vitro assay. we have purified this kinase from starfish oocytes. the major band in the most highly purified preparation contained a polypeptide of relative molecular mass (mr) 34,000 (34k). this is ...	1988	3412486
long-term cultivation of functional human macrophages in teflon dishes with serum-free media.	reported herein are the results of studies demonstrating the utility of a chemically defined, serum-free medium designated as aim-v (gibco) for the long-term (greater than 2 weeks) cultivation of functionally-defined human macrophages. the aim-v medium is a mixture of hepes-buffered dulbecco's modified eagle medium and ham's nutrient mixture f12 that had been supplemented with purified human albumin, transferrin, insulin, and a proprietary mixture of purified factors. nonadherent macrophages for ...	1988	3404068
effect of a single dose of cefotaxime or ceftriaxone on human faecal flora. a double-blind study.	the effect of cefotaxime and ceftriaxone on faecal flora was investigated in women undergoing routine vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy. three groups of 9 patients received, in a double-blind fashion and just before surgery, cefotaxime 2g intravenously, ceftriaxone 2g intravenously or no antibiotic (controls). stools were collected before prophylaxis (sample 1) and after surgery (samples 2 and 3). the only alteration after cefotaxime was a decrease of non-fastidious aerobic gram-negative flora i ...	1988	3396490
isolation of cdnas encoding finger proteins and measurement of the corresponding mrna levels during myeloid terminal differentiation.	the finger motif is a tandemly repeated dna-binding domain recently identified in the primary structure of several eukaryotic transcriptional regulatory proteins. it was first described for xenopus tfiiia, a factor required for transcription of 5s ribosomal genes and subsequently identified in regulatory proteins from other eukaryotic organisms including yeast, drosophila and mammals. in this paper we report the isolation and characterization of two human cdna clones both encoding for multifinge ...	1988	3380682
in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effect of ethanol and acetaldehyde on o6-methylguanine transferase.	human and rat o6-methylguanine transferase (o6megt) are inhibited in vitro by ethanol at concentrations of 10 to 50 mm and by acetaldehyde, the first metabolite of ethanol, at concentrations as low as 0.01 microm. several other enzymes, including glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and yeast alcohol dehydrogenase, which like o6megt have cysteines in their active sites, were not inhibited by acetaldehyde at the levels that inhibited o6megt. disulfiram, an acetaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor ...	1988	3365837
role of fibronectin in the pathogenesis of candidal infections.	adherence of candida albicans yeast cells to mammalian cells in vitro is promoted by a cell-surface adhesin that is probably a mannan or a mannoprotein. this observation is based on results of studies that utilized either lectins or antibodies to candida that block attachment. selective enzymatic degradation of cell wall constituents has been used to define the surface ligand of the candidal cell. recently, nonadhering, spontaneous mutants of c. albicans, from both yeast and mycelial forms, that ...	1987	3326135
umbelliferyl-labeled galactosaminide as an aid in identification of candida albicans.	the initial evaluation of a fluorescence, nonmicroscopic method of rapid identification of candida albicans is described. a total of 524 yeast isolates were evaluated in parallel by the umbelliferyl-conjugated n-acetyl-beta-d-galactosaminide (uag) test and the germ tube (gt) test in comparison with the api 20c yeast identification system. the uag test correctly identified 333 of the 334 isolates of c. albicans (99.7%), and the gt test identified 328 (98%). there were three false-positive gt reac ...	1987	3323233
structural characteristics of the pho8 gene encoding repressible alkaline phosphatase in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	the nucleotide sequence of a 3694-bp dna fragment bearing the pho8 gene encoding nonspecific repressible alkaline phosphatase (ralpase; ec 3.1.3.1) of saccharomyces cerevisiae was determined. the sequence contains a 1698 bp open reading frame (orf), and the major pho8 transcription start point at 32 bp upstream from the atg codon; several minor transcription start points are located between the major start point and atg. the major start point is most responsive to the phosphate signals. the amin ...	1987	3319783
effects of a recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis b vaccine in healthy adults.	under randomized, double-blind conditions, 220 medical students were vaccinated with either a 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 micrograms dose of a recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis b or a 20 micrograms dose of a plasma-derived vaccine. vaccines were administered at months 0, 1, and 2. after 11 months, all vaccinees received a 20 micrograms booster of the recombinant vaccine. there were no significant differences in adverse reactions between the study groups. induction of ige antibodies to yeast was not obse ...	1987	3317345
[expression of a gene for hybrid protein containing the [val8] amino acid sequence of calcitonin in yeast cells].	a recombinant plasmid has been constructed, which directs the synthesis of a hybrid protein, yeast repressible acid phosphatase [val8]calcitonin, in yeast. the plasmid contains a truncated gene (pho5) acid phosphatase lacking 96 c-terminal amino acids replaced by the synthetic gene for human calcitonin and sequences required for the plasmid propagation in transformed yeast cells. a modified ria method using immobilisation of protein extracts on solid supports was developed to monitor the express ...	1987	3314874
a multi-step isolation scheme for obtaining cd16+ human natural killer cells.	a multi-step isolation scheme capitalizing on negative selection protocols is described for obtaining an enriched population of cd16+ human natural killer (nk) cells. the isolation scheme consists of incubating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (mnc) on nylon wool, rosetting the nylon wool non-adherent cells with sheep red blood cells (srbcs) for 1 h at 29 degrees c and then utilizing a 'panning' technique to remove cd3+, non-rosetting cells. the final working cell population contained 70-80% c ...	1987	3312415
opsonization of yeast by human serum iga anti-mannan antibodies and phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes.	the ability of sera from 72 patients with liver disease to opsonize yeast for phagocytosis by normal polymorphonuclear leucocytes has been studied. seven showed defective opsonization. the opsonic activity of all but two sera was decreased markedly by heating at 56 degrees c for 1 h. when the two sera with heat stable opsonic activity were fractionated by gel filtration and by ion exchange chromatography, the activity copurified with iga, not with igg. the purified iga, radiolabelled with 125i w ...	1987	3308208
saccharomyces cerevisiae has a u1-like small nuclear rna with unexpected properties.	previous experiments indicated that only a small subset of the approximately equal to 24 small nuclear rnas (snrnas) in saccharomyces cerevisiae have binding sites for the sm antigen, a hallmark of metazoan small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snrnps) involved in pre-messenger rna splicing. antibodies from human serum to sm proteins were used to show that four snrnas (snr7, snr14, snr19, and snr20) can be immunoprecipitated from yeast extracts. three of these four, snr7, snr14, and snr20, have been ...	1987	3306922
influence of mucosal cell origin on the in vitro adherence of candida albicans: are mucosal cells from different sources equivalent?	the influence of collecting mucosal cells from various anatomical sites, and varying the date of collection and cell donor on adhesion of candida albicans to human epithelial cells was examined by using an in vitro adherence assay. examination of buccal mucosal cells from twenty-four donors showed statistically significant differences in the number of attached yeasts between individuals. sex did not exert a significant influence on adhesion. examination of buccal mucosal cells from ten donors co ...	1987	3299099
identification of p34 and p13, human homologs of the cell cycle regulators of fission yeast encoded by cdc2+ and suc1+.	cdc2+ and cdc28 play central roles in the cell division cycles of the widely divergent yeasts schizosaccharomyces pombe and saccharomyces cerevisiae, respectively. the genes encode protein kinases that show 62% protein sequence identity and are capable of cross-complementation. monoclonal antibodies were raised against p34cdc2, and a subset recognize p36cdc28. the cross-reacting antibodies detected a 34 kd homolog of the p34cdc2/p36cdc28, protein in hela cells. human p34 was also recognized by a ...	1987	3297353
import and processing of human ornithine transcarbamoylase precursor by mitochondria from saccharomyces cerevisiae.	expression of the subunit precursor of the human mitochondrial matrix enzyme ornithine transcarbamoylase (otcase; ec 2.1.3.3) was programmed in saccharomyces cerevisiae from a 2-micron plasmid by using an inducible galactose operon promoter. in the presence of the inducing sugar (galactose), two polypeptides were specifically precipitable with anti-otcase antiserum: the human otcase precursor (40 kda); and the mature otcase subunit (36 kda). when yeast cells containing these species were lysed a ...	1987	3295876
the attachment to human buccal epithelial cells by candida albicans: an in vitro kinetic study using concanavalin a.	the early in vitro kinetics of candida albicans attachment to human buccal epithelial cells was studied with the aid of an adhesion assay and solutions of concanavalin a (con a), a lectin which is capable of inhibiting yeast adhesion. various saccharides and putative receptor analogues were also tested. solutions of each single reagent were added to tubes containing aliquots of mucosal cells and germinated yeasts at the beginning of a 1-hour incubation period (time o) or at 10 minute intervals d ...	1987	3295556
viral vaccines and antivirals: current use and future prospects.	the evolution of viral vaccines from the time of jennerian prophylaxis to today's recombinant technology has been a continuing story of success. from the relatively crude or "first generation" vaccines for smallpox, rabies, and yellow fever followed a second and third generation of improved or new viral vaccines. the application of techniques for attenuating, inactivating, and partially purifying candidate viruses yielded safe, effective vaccines against influenza, poliomyelitis, measles, mumps, ...	1988	3288231
a dna sequence conferring high postmeiotic segregation frequency to heterozygous deletions in saccharomyces cerevisiae is related to sequences associated with eucaryotic recombination hotspots.	the meiotic behavior of two graded series of deletion mutations in the ade8 gene in saccharomyces cerevisiae was analyzed to investigate the molecular basis of meiotic recombination. postmeiotic segregation (pms) was observed for a subset of the deletion heterozygosities, including deletions of 38 to 93 base pairs. there was no clear relationship between deletion length and pms frequency. a common sequence characterized the novel joint region in the alleles which displayed pms. this sequence is ...	1988	3285179
a yeast and a human ccaat-binding protein have heterologous subunits that are functionally interchangeable.	the s. cerevisiae hap2 and hap3 gene products have been shown to recognize ccaat-containing transcription elements as a hap2/hap3 multisubunit heterologous complex, or heteromer. recently, we have demonstrated that the human sequence-specific dna-binding protein, cp1, also recognizes ccaat-containing transcription elements as a heteromer. mammalian cells contain at least three distinct ccaat-binding proteins, all of which appear to be multisubunit complexes composed of heterologous subunits. one ...	1988	3280141
interactions between human natural killer (nk) lymphocytes and yeast cells: human nk cells do not kill candida albicans, although c. albicans blocks nk lysis of k562 cells.	rodent natural killer (nk) lymphocytes are cytotoxic to certain fungi. we investigated whether human nk cells are cytotoxic to the yeast candida albicans. we found that human peripheral blood lymphocytes possessing nk cell activity had little or no effect on the viability of the yeast. unopsonized c. albicans, however, were able to block nk cell-mediated cytotoxicity at a ratio of 100 yeast to one k562 erythroleukemia cell. c. albicans was not toxic to the lymphocytes nor did it take up isotope ...	1988	3277914
mapping of biologically relevant sites on human il-1 beta using monoclonal antibodies.	mab have been raised that recognize human il-1 beta. using overlapping peptide fragments expressed in yeast and bacteria, we have mapped the regions of the protein to which these antibodies bind. to assess the relevance of the different regions of il-1 beta for the expression of its biologic activity, the ability of the antibodies to block il-1 activity was assayed. antibodies recognizing the regions 133-148 and 251-269 of human il-1 beta could inhibit the activity of il-1 beta, but not of il-1 ...	1988	3259598
distinction of partially purified human natural killer cytotoxic factor from recombinant human tumor necrosis factor and recombinant human lymphotoxin.	natural killer cell cytotoxic factor (nkcf), a cytotoxic factor contributing to human natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, was generated from lymphocyte-conditioned medium using various stimuli. crude nkcf activity was concentrated, and partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration. nkcf activities eluted as two molecular weight peaks, corresponding to mr 33,000-43,000 (pool i) and approximately mr 5,000 (pool ii). the cytotoxic activity and target specificity of ...	1988	3257413
the clastogenic activity of 1,6-dinitropyrene in peripheral human lymphocytes.	the ability of 1,6-dinitropyrene to induce chromosome damage in peripheral human lymphocyte cultures has been demonstrated. low levels of clastogenic activity were detected following 3-h treatments with 1,6-dinitropyrene in the presence of a rat-liver cytosol fraction. the clastogenic activity reached a peak at a concentration of 1.25 micrograms/ml of 1,6-dinitropyrene after which the frequency of aberrations decreased. this unusual genotoxic dose response is similar to that found previously in ...	1988	3193975
metabolite regulation of argininosuccinate synthetase in cultured human cells.	we have studied the transcription of the argininosuccinate synthetase gene in cultured rpmi 2650 cells under conditions where the enzyme is subject to metabolite regulation and in canavanine-resistant variants (canr1 cells) which overproduce the enzyme greater than 200-fold. when grown continuously in medium with citrulline substituted for arginine, the argininosuccinate synthetase activity of rpmi 2650 cells increases 5- to 10-fold. in these cells, expression of a transfected minigene containin ...	1988	3182797
the occurrence of yeast-like organisms in human bile.		1988	3173426
molecular genetics of superoxide dismutases.	molecular genetics of sod has been recently developed primarily due to the new biotechnologies. different types of isoenzymes have now been cloned and sequenced from several species ranging from bacteria to human and plants. knowledge of the nucleotide sequences permitted refinement of structural models and provided information on subcellular locations. cloned genes allowed the production of large amounts of sod. they have been used for physiological and regulation studies, structural and enzyma ...	1988	3151488
nucleotide sequence of maize chloroplast rps11 with conserved amino acid sequence between eukaryotes, bacteria and plastids.	nucleotide sequence of a 721 base pair segment of maize chloroplast dna, encoding the putative chloroplast ribosomal protein s11 at physical map position 33.1-33.5 kbp, is described. a shine-dalgarno sequence and computer-derived stem-loop structures of dyad symmetry are present in the spacer region between rps11 and its 5' upstream gene rpl36. the deduced amino acid sequence of maize chloroplast s11 shows 69%, 66%, 62%, 57%, 48% and 45% sequence identity to the corresponding sequences of tobacc ...	1988	3149198
nucleotide sequence of chicken myb proto-oncogene promoter region: detection of an evolutionarily conserved element.	the nucleotide sequence of the chicken myb proto-oncogene putative promoter region was determined and compared with the corresponding sequence of the mouse c-myb gene (1). 118 bp upstream from the initiation codon suggested by gerondakis and bishop (2) for the chicken c-myb protein, a 124-bp-long conserved element was found (92% identity in chicken and mouse sequences). sequences homologous to this element were detected on southern blots of restricted genomic dnas from mouse, man, lizard, frog, ...	1988	3145493
proteasomes (multi-protease complexes) as 20 s ring-shaped particles in a variety of eukaryotic cells.	latent multicatalytic protease complexes, named proteasomes, were purified to apparent homogeneity from various eukaryotic sources, such as human, rat, and chicken liver, xenopus laevis ovary, and yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae), and their functional and structural properties were compared. they showed latency in breakdown of [methyl-3h]casein, but were greatly activated in various ways, such as by addition of polylysine. they all degraded three types of fluorogenic oligopeptides at the carboxy ...	1988	3141402