Publications

transgenic tobacco expressing the hrpn(ep) gene from erwinia pyrifoliae triggers defense responses against botrytis cinerea.	hrpn(ep), from the gram-negative pathogen, erwinia pyrifoliae, is a member of the harpin group of proteins, inducing pathogen resistance and hypersensitive cell death in plants. when the hrpn(ep) gene driven by the oscc1 promoter was introduced into tobacco plants via agrobacterium-mediated transformation, their resistance to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen, botrytis cinerea, increased. resistance to b. cinerea was correlated with enhanced induction of sa-dependent genes such as pr-1a, pr2, pr3 ...	2007	17978576
[characterization and antimicrobial activity of the bioactive metabolites in streptomycete isolates].	twenty different streptomycete isolates were obtained from soils of southeast serbia. five isolates identified as streptomyces hygroscopicus (sh100, sh101, sh102, sh103, and sh104) showed strong activity against botrytis cinerea, a parasite found in domestic vines. these isolates were extensively studied for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, yeasts and fungi, and also antiviral activity against herpes simplex. the results indicated that ...	2007	17974204
over-expression of the arabidopsis atmyb41 gene alters cell expansion and leaf surface permeability.	the arabidopsis atmyb41 gene encodes an r2r3-myb transcription factor whose expression is not detectable under normal growth conditions in any organ or at any developmental stage analysed. it is expressed at high levels in response to drought, aba and salt treatments, suggesting a possible role in stress responses. transgenic lines over-expressing this transcription factor showed a pleiotropic phenotype similar to that exhibited by some mutants that affect cuticle biosynthesis. this includes a d ...	2008	17971045
oxo-phytodienoic acid-containing galactolipids in arabidopsis: jasmonate signaling dependence.	the jasmonate family of phytohormones, as represented by 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (opda), dinor-phytodienoic acid (dn-opda), and jasmonic acid in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), has been implicated in a vast array of different developmental processes and stress responses. recent reports indicate that opda and dn-opda occur not only as free acids in arabidopsis, but also as esters with complex lipids, so-called arabidopsides. recently, we showed that recognition of the two bacterial effector ...	2007	17951463
antifungal effects of volatile compounds from black zira (bunium persicum) and other spices and herbs.	the dish pack method, which measures growth inhibition or promotion effects of volatile compounds on germinating seeds, was applied to measure the antifungal effects of 52 dried samples of spices and herbs against a soil-borne phytopathogenic fungus, fusarium oxysporum. black zira showed the strongest effect, followed by cumin and cardamom. headspace sampling and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of black zira identified seven volatile compounds, gamma-terpinene, limonene, p-cymene, ...	2007	17932718
2-epi-botcinin a and 3-o-acetylbotcineric acid from botrytis cinerea.	two metabolites, 2-epi-botcinin a and 3-o-acetylbotcineric acid, were isolated from botrytis cinerea (aem211). the former compound was new, and the latter was known but structurally revised by us. in a test for antifungal activity against magnaporthe grisea, a pathogen of rice blast disease, 2-epi-botcinin a was 8 times less active than botcinin a (mic 100 microm), and the mic value for 3-o-acetylbotcineric acid being 100 microm.	2007	17928694
erwinia carotovora elicitors and botrytis cinerea activate defense responses in physcomitrella patens.	vascular plants respond to pathogens by activating a diverse array of defense mechanisms. studies with these plants have provided a wealth of information on pathogen recognition, signal transduction and the activation of defense responses. however, very little is known about the infection and defense responses of the bryophyte, physcomitrella patens, to well-studied phytopathogens. the purpose of this study was to determine: i) whether two representative broad host range pathogens, erwinia carot ...	2007	17922917
absence of the endo-beta-1,4-glucanases cel1 and cel2 reduces susceptibility to botrytis cinerea in tomato.	cel1 and cel2 are members of the tomato (solanum lycopersicum mill) endo-beta-1,4-glucanase (egase) family that may play a role in fruit ripening and organ abscission. this work demonstrates that cel1 protein is present in other vegetative tissues and accumulates during leaf development. we recently reported the downregulation of both the cel1 mrna and protein upon fungal infection, suggesting the involvement of egases in plant-pathogen interactions. this hypothesis was confirmed by assessing th ...	2007	17916112
biological evaluation of neopeptins isolated from a streptomyces strain.	microbial secondary metabolites are a rich source of antifungal agents and have merit as alternatives to synthetic fungicides. to develop disease control agents against powdery mildew, the lipopeptide antibiotic neopeptins were identified from the culture broth of a streptomyces sp., and in vivo control efficacy of the compounds was evaluated on cucumber plants under glasshouse conditions.	2007	17912683
distinct roles of the pepper hypersensitive induced reaction protein gene cahir1 in disease and osmotic stress, as determined by comparative transcriptome and proteome analyses.	a capsicum annuum hypersensitive induced reaction protein1 (cahir1) was recently proposed as a positive regulator of hypersensitive cell death in plants. overexpression of cahir1 in transgenic arabidopsis plants conferred enhanced resistance against the hemi-biotrophic pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (pst) and the biotrophic hyaloperonospora parasitica. infection by avirulent pseudomonas strains carrying avrrpm1 or avrrpt2 caused enhanced resistance responses in transgenic plants, suggesting tha ...	2008	17899171
wounding induces resistance to pathogens with different lifestyles in tomato: role of ethylene in cross-protection.	many reports point to the existence of a network of regulatory signalling occurring in plants during the interaction with micro-organisms (biotic stress) and abiotic stresses such as wounding. however, the focus is on shared intermediates/components and/or common molecular outputs in differently triggered signalling pathways, and not on the degree and modes of effective influence between abiotic and biotic stresses nor the range of true plant-pathogen interactions open to such influence. we repo ...	2007	17897407
cloning and characterization of bgn16.3, coding for a beta-1,6-glucanase expressed during trichoderma harzianum mycoparasitism.	to clone and characterize the gene coding for bgn16.3, a beta-1,6-glucanase putatively implicated in mycoparasitism by trichoderma harzianum, a biocontrol agent used against plant pathogenic fungi.	2007	17897233
chemical composition and antifungal activity of arnica longifolia, aster hesperius, and chrysothamnus nauseosus essential oils.	essential oils from three different asteraceae obtained by hydrodistillation of aerial parts were analyzed by gas chromatography (gc) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc/ms). main compounds obtained from each taxon were found as follows: arnica longifolia carvacrol 37.3%, alpha-bisabolol 8.2%; aster hesperius hexadecanoic acid 29.6%, carvacrol 15.2%; and chrysothamnus nauseosus var. nauseosus beta-phellandrene 22.8% and beta-pinene 19.8%. essential oils were also evaluated for their ant ...	2007	17894463
new c-secosteroids from the gorgonian tripalea clavaria.	seven new c-secosteroids were isolated from the gorgonian tripalea clavaria collected from the south atlantic. these compounds have a delta(5), 9,11-secosteroid nucleus together with a 22s hydroxyl group. the absolute configuration of the 22-hydroxyl group was determined with the help of cosy spectra of the mosher esters of the compounds.	2007	17889913
[analysis of simple sequence repeats in genomes of sclerotinia sclerotiorum and botrytis cinerea].	simple sequence repeats or microsatellites have been used as genetic markers in population genetics because of their abundance and length variation between different individuals. this study examined the ssrs in the completely sequenced sclerotinia sclerotiorum and botrytis cinerea genomes. the occurrences, relative abundance, relative density, most common motifs, and the longest ssrs in the two species were analyzed, and compared with other plant pathogenic fungal species, such as fusarium grami ...	2007	17855269
antifungal lactic acid bacteria with potential to prolong shelf-life of fresh vegetables.	the aim of this study was to isolate and identify antifungal lactic acid bacteria from fresh vegetables, and evaluate their potential in preventing fungal spoilage of vegetables.	2007	17850302
a biosynthetic gene cluster for a secreted cellobiose lipid with antifungal activity from ustilago maydis.	the phytopathogenic basidiomycetous fungus ustilago maydis secretes large amounts of the glycolipid biosurfactant ustilagic acid (ua). ua consists of 15,16-dihydroxypalmitic or 2,15,16-trihydroxypalmitic acid, which is o-glycosidically linked to cellobiose at its terminal hydroxyl group. in addition, the cellobiose moiety is acetylated and acylated with a short-chain hydroxy fatty acid. we have identified a 58 kb spanning gene cluster that contains 12 open reading frames coding for most, if not ...	2007	17850255
elevated genetic variation within virulence-associated botrytis cinerea polygalacturonase loci.	botrytis cinerea, or gray mold, is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen of hundreds of plant species. the genetic diversity of b. cinerea may contribute to its broad host range; however, the level and structure of genetic variation at pathogenesis-associated loci has not been described. b. cinerea possesses six distinct cell-wall-degrading polygalacturonases (pgs), enzymes of demonstrated importance to pathogenesis and interaction with host plant defenses. sequencing a collection of 34 b. cinerea isol ...	2007	17849715
induction of a grapevine germin-like protein (vvglp3) gene is closely linked to the site of erysiphe necator infection: a possible role in defense?	germin-like proteins (glp) have various proposed roles in plant development and defense. seven novel glp cdna clones were isolated from grapevine (vitis vinifera cv. chardonnay). reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction expression analysis revealed that the vvglp genes exhibit diverse and highly specific patterns of expression in response to a variety of abiotic and biotic treatments, including challenge by erysiphe necator, plasmopara viticola, and botrytis cinerea, suggesting a diversit ...	2007	17849714
botrytis and sclerotinia.		1917	17799945
biochemical tests indicative of reaction of castor bean to botrytis.	pectic and cellulolytic enzymes caused browning and maceration of capsules of susceptible varieties of castor bean but not of resistant varieties. results of tests in which pericarp tissue of the capsule was treated with vanillin and h(2)so(4) and with an aqueous solution of fecl(3) and k(3)fe(cn)(6) showed that resistance to the hydrolytic enzymes was correlated with both a low concentration of flavanols and related compounds and the presence of oxidized compounds in injured tissue. resistance ...	1963	17781088
yeast community structures and dynamics in healthy and botrytis-affected grape must fermentations.	indigenous yeast population dynamics during the fermentation of healthy and botrytis-affected grape juice samples from two regions in greece, attica and arcadia, were surveyed. species diversity was evaluated by using restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence analyses of the 5.8s internal transcribed spacer and the d1/d2 ribosomal dna (rdna) regions of cultivable yeasts. community-level profiles were also obtained by direct analysis of fermenting samples through denaturing gradient g ...	2007	17766453
arabidopsis transparent testa glabra2 is directly regulated by r2r3 myb transcription factors and is involved in regulation of glabra2 transcription in epidermal differentiation.	arabidopsis thaliana transparent testa glabra2 (ttg2) encodes a wrky transcription factor and is expressed in young leaves, trichomes, seed coats, and root hairless cells. an examination of several trichome and root hair mutants indicates that myb and bhlh genes regulate ttg2 expression. two myb binding sites in the ttg2 5' regulatory region act as cis regulatory elements and as direct targets of r2r3 myb transcription factors such as werewolf, glabra1, and transparent testa2. mutations in ttg2 ...	2007	17766401
effect of carbendazim and physicochemical factors on the growth and ochratoxin a production of aspergillus carbonarius isolated from grapes.	carbendazim is a systemic fungicide that is commonly used on several crops (tobacco, fruit, vegetables, cereals, etc.). this fungicide is used to control fungal infections in vineyards. it is indicated against botrytis cinerea, uncinula necator, plasmopara viticola and other fungi and can be used either alone or coupled with other fungicides. however, there is a lack of in-depth studies to evaluate its effectiveness against growth of aspergillus carbonarius isolated from grapes and ota productio ...	2007	17765991
in vitro inhibition of postharvest pathogens of fruit and control of gray mold of strawberry and green mold of citrus by aureobasidin a.	aureobasidin a (aba), an antifungal cyclic depsipeptide antibiotic produced by aureobasidium pullulans r106, has previously been shown to be effective against a wide range of fungi and protozoa. here we report the inhibitory effects of aba on spore germination, germ tuber elongation and hyphal growth of five pathogenic fungi including penicillium digitatum, p. italicum, p. expansum, botrytis cinerea and monilinia fructicola, which are major pathogens causing postharvest diseases of a variety of ...	2007	17765990
fungi and mycotoxins in vineyards and grape products.	many fungi may occur on grapes during growth in the vineyard, but the main concern from the viewpoint of mycotoxin contamination is the black aspergilli, aspergillus carbonarius and a. niger. these fungi are capable of producing ochratoxin a (oa) which may contaminate grapes and grape products such as wine, grape juice and dried vine fruit. understanding the ecology and physiology of the black aspergilli can provide tools for management of oa at all stages of grape production and processing. in ...	2007	17765989
fungitoxicity of lyophilized and spray-dried garlic extracts.	among the compounds discussed for anti-microbial and anti-fungal use allicin (allylthiosulfinate, diallyl disulfide-s-monoxide), an active ingredient of garlic, has attracted considerable attention. the objective of this study is to determine the antifungal activity of a local garlic ecotype (voghiera) extracts against different pathogens. primary screening was carried out by the agar plates technique using ethanol garlic extract at four final concentrations against the following organisms: alte ...	2007	17763036
expression of the membrane-associated resistance protein rpw8 enhances basal defense against biotrophic pathogens.	the powdery mildew resistance genes rpw8.1 and rpw8.2 from arabidopsis differ from the other isolated plant resistance (r) genes in their predicted protein domains and their resistance spectrum. the two homologous rpw8 genes encode small proteins featuring a predicted amino-terminal transmembrane anchor domain and a coiled-coil domain and confer resistance to a broad spectrum of powdery mildews. here, we show that arabidopsis plants expressing the rpw8 genes have enhanced resistance to another b ...	2007	17722700
inhibition of fungal and bacterial plant pathogens in vitro and in planta with ultrashort cationic lipopeptides.	plant diseases constitute an emerging threat to global food security. many of the currently available antimicrobial agents for agriculture are highly toxic and nonbiodegradable and cause extended environmental pollution. moreover, an increasing number of phytopathogens develop resistance to them. recently, we have reported on a new family of ultrashort antimicrobial lipopeptides which are composed of only four amino acids linked to fatty acids (a. makovitzki, d. avrahami, and y. shai, proc. natl ...	2007	17720828
a new technique to prevent the main post harvest diseases in berries during storage: inclusion complexes beta-cyclodextrin-hexanal.	natural occurring volatiles such as hexanal have a well know antifungal capacity but limited post harvest use due to their volatility. taking this into consideration, hexanal was inserted into beta-cyclodextrins (beta-cd) to develop a controlled release mechanism and then evaluated in vitro against colletotrichum acutatum, alternaria alternata and botrytis cinerea, the three main causes of post harvest diseases in berries. different concentrations of both pure volatile hexanal and its inclusion ...	2007	17716762
multiplex pcr for species discrimination of sclerotiniaceae by novel laccase introns.	common pcr-based targets for the identification of filamentous fungi and yeasts are the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region (its1, 5.8s rdna, its2). within the sclerotiniaceae the its-region is homogenous and the identification is almost impossible. furthermore, the lack of igs-data (intergenic spacer region) requires new specific marker genes for a rapid identification of phytopathogenic sclerotiniaceae. we sequenced and analyzed new laccase2 (lcc2) genes from the phylogenetical ...	2007	17706821
the influence of the cationic of quaternized chitosan on antifungal activity.	quaternized chitosan: n-(2-hydroxyl-phenyl)-n,n-dimethyl chitosan (nhpdcs), n-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyl-phenyl)-n,n-dimethyl chitosan (nchpdcs), n-(2-hydroxyl-5-nitro-phenyl)-n,n-dimethyl chitosan (nhnpdcs) and n-(5-bromic-2-hydroxyl-phenyl)-n,n-dimethyl chitosan (nbhpdcs) were synthesized and their antifungal activities against botrytis cinerea pers. (b. cinerea pers.) and colletotrichum lagenarium (pass) ell.et halst (c. lagenarium (pass) ell.et halst) were investigated. the results indicated that ...	2007	17692420
only an early nitric oxide burst and the following wave of secondary nitric oxide generation enhanced effective defence responses of pelargonium to a necrotrophic pathogen.	participation of nitric oxide (no) in cross-talk between ivy pelargonium (pelargonium peltatum) leaves and botrytis cinerea was investigated using electrochemical and biochemical approaches. in response to the necrotroph, leaves initiated a near-immediate no burst, but the specificity of its generation was dependent on the genetic makeup of the host plant. in the resistant cultivar, a strong no burst was followed by a wave of secondary no generation, shown by bio-imaging with daf-2da. the epicen ...	2007	17688587
purification and antimicrobial activity studies of the n-terminal fragment of ubiquitin from human amniotic fluid.	a 4.3-kda antimicrobial peptide was isolated from human amniotic fluid by dialysis, ultrafiltration, and c18 reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. this peptide, which we named amniotic fluid peptide-1 (afp-1), possessed antimicrobial activity but lacked hemolytic activity. in addition, afp-1 potently inhibited the growth of a variety of bacteria (escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus), filamentous fungi (botrytis cinerea, aspe ...	2007	17669700
calcium-mediated perception and defense responses activated in plant cells by metabolite mixtures secreted by the biocontrol fungus trichoderma atroviride.	calcium is commonly involved as intracellular messenger in the transduction by plants of a wide range of biotic stimuli, including signals from pathogenic and symbiotic fungi. trichoderma spp. are largely used in the biological control of plant diseases caused by fungal phytopathogens and are able to colonize plant roots. early molecular events underlying their association with plants are relatively unknown.	2007	17663762
the botrytis cinerea hexokinase, hxk1, but not the glucokinase, glk1, is required for normal growth and sugar metabolism, and for pathogenicity on fruits.	hexose kinases play a central role in the initiation of sugar metabolism of living organisms and have also been implicated in carbon catabolite repression in yeasts and plants. in this study, the genes encoding glucokinase (glk1) and hexokinase (hxk1) from the plant-pathogenic ascomycete botrytis cinerea were isolated and functionally characterized. glk1-deficient mutants were indistinguishable from the wild-type in all growth parameters tested. in contrast, deltahxk1 mutants lacking hxk1 showed ...	2007	17660443
release of acetaldehyde from beta-cyclodextrins inhibits postharvest decay fungi in vitro.	many naturally occurring plant volatiles are known to have antifungal properties. however, they have limited use because they diffuse rapidly in air. in this in vitro study, acetaldehyde was chosen as a prototype volatile in order to study the controlled release of antifungal volatiles from cyclodextrins (cd). the major postharvest pathogens alternaria alternata, botrytis cinerea, and colletotrichum acutatum were exposed to the pure volatile for 7 days at 23 degrees c. acetaldehyde was most effe ...	2007	17658831
characterization of pseudomonas corrugata strain p94 isolated from soil in beijing as a potential biocontrol agent.	in an attempt to obtain biologic control agents for grey mildew of tomato, a total of 628 bacterial strains were isolated from agricultural soil samples in beijing, china, and screened for in vitro antibiosis toward botrytis cinerea. strain p94 exhibited the most obvious antagonistic activity. it p94 had no pathogenicity and was identified as pseudomonas corrugata by the biolog identification system combined with 16s rdna sequence analysis and biochemical and physiologic characteristics. the spe ...	2007	17657535
identification of fungal oxaloacetate hydrolyase within the isocitrate lyase/pep mutase enzyme superfamily using a sequence marker-based method.	aspergillus niger produces oxalic acid through the hydrolysis of oxaloacetate, catalyzed by the cytoplasmic enzyme oxaloacetate acetylhydrolase (oah). the a. niger genome encodes four additional open reading frames with strong sequence similarity to oah yet only the oaha gene encodes oah activity. oah and oah-like proteins form subclass of the isocitrate lyase/pep mutase enzyme superfamily, which is ubiquitous present filamentous fungi. analysis of function-specific residues using a superfamily- ...	2008	17654546
fungal terpene metabolites: biosynthetic relationships and the control of the phytopathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea.	the structures and biosynthesis of the sesquiterpenoid metabolites of botrytis cinerea and their relationship to the presilphiperfolanes are reviewed. the development of a novel strategy for the control of this phytopathogenic fungus based on analogues of these metabolites is described. there are 75 references.	2007	17653354
[construction of genetic linkage map and localization of nbs-lrr like resistance gene analogues in cauliflower (brassica oleracea var. botrytis)].	nucleotide binding site (nbs) profiling, a new method was used to map resistance gene analogues (rgas) in cauliflower (brassica oleracea var. botrytis). this method allows amplification and the mapping of genetic markers anchored in the conserved nbs encoding domain of plant disease resistance genes. aflp was also performed to construct the cauliflower intervarietal genetic map. the aim of constructing genetic map was to identify potential molecular markers linked to important agronomic traits t ...	2007	17650494
comparison of pathogen-induced expression and efficacy of two amphibian antimicrobial peptides, msra2 and temporin a, for engineering wide-spectrum disease resistance in tobacco.	the rapid accumulation of defensive transgene products in plants only on pathogen invasion has clear advantages over their constitutive synthesis. in this study, two antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of frogs, msra2 (n-methionine-dermaseptin b1) and temporin a, were evaluated for engineering pathogen-induced disease resistance in plants. both peptides inhibited plant-specific pathogens in vitro at micromolar concentrations that were not toxic to plant protoplasts. the plant-optimiz ...	2007	17645440
the pp2c-type phosphatase ap2c1, which negatively regulates mpk4 and mpk6, modulates innate immunity, jasmonic acid, and ethylene levels in arabidopsis.	wound signaling pathways in plants are mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) and stress hormones, such as ethylene and jasmonates. in arabidopsis thaliana, the transmission of wound signals by mapks has been the subject of detailed investigations; however, the involvement of specific phosphatases in wound signaling is not known. here, we show that ap2c1, an arabidopsis ser/thr phosphatase of type 2c, is a novel stress signal regulator that inactivates the stress-responsive mapks ...	2007	17630279
sesquiterpenes from the wood of juniperus lucayana.	bioassay-guided fractionation of ethanolic extract from the wood of juniperus lucayana afforded three sesquiterpenes named 3-hydroxypseudowiddran-6(7)-en-4-ol (1), 15-hydroxyallo-cedrol (2) and 12-hydroxywiddrol (3) together with six known sesquiterpenes (4-9) and two known flavonoids (10 and 11). their structures were established on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, including 2d nmr spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. the structures of compounds were identified as 1alpha,4beta, ...	2007	17606274
relay cropping cauliflower with lettuce as a means to manage first-generation cabbage maggot (diptera: anthomyiidae) and minimize cauliflower yield loss.	first-generation cabbage maggot, delia radicum (l.) (diptera: anthomyiidae), can cause extensive damage to newly transplanted brassica crops. this study investigated the use of relay cropping, a form of intercropping that involves overlapping two crops in the same field for a short period, as a means to 1) reduce first-generation d. radicum egg numbers by disrupting female host finding and 2) minimize yield loss by reducing the time that crops overlap. because of the high incidence of two other ...	2007	17598546
amino acids, iron, and growth rate as key factors influencing production of the pseudomonas putida btp1 benzylamine derivative involved in systemic resistance induction in different plants.	the biological control bacterium pseudomonas putida btp1 exerts its protective effect mostly by inducing an enhanced state of resistance in the host plant against pathogen attack [induced systemic resistance (isr)]. we previously reported that a specific compound derived from benzylamine may be involved in the elicitation of the isr phenomenon by this pseudomonas strain. in this article, we provide further information about the n,n-dimethyl-n-tetradecyl-n-benzylammonium structure of this determi ...	2008	17597337
atrazine degradation by aerobic microorganisms isolated from the rhizosphere of sweet flag (acorus calamus l.).	in presented study the capability of microorganisms isolated from the rhizosphere of sweet flag (acorus calamus) to the atrazine degradation was assessed. following isolation of the microorganisms counts of psychrophilic bacteria, mesophilic bacteria and fungi were determined. isolated microorganisms were screened in terms of their ability to decompose a triazine herbicide, atrazine. our results demonstrate that within the rhizosphere of sweet flag there were 3.8x10(7) cfu of psychrophilic bacte ...	2008	17594524
[the screening of interaction factors with bocal and boap1 related to curd formation].	cal (cauliflower) gene and ap1 (apetala1) gene, which both belong to mads-box transcription factors, are involved in the development of flower apical meristem. in a rabidopsis thaliana, loss of cal and ap1 function at the same time leads to floweral meristems proliferation indeterminately, and the plants display the cauliflower phenotype. but in cauliflower (brasscia oleracea l. var. botrytis), the bobcal single mutant can display the cauliflower phenotype, it is appear that cal and ap1 homolog ...	2007	17580666
resistance to botrytis cinerea in sitiens, an abscisic acid-deficient tomato mutant, involves timely production of hydrogen peroxide and cell wall modifications in the epidermis.	plant defense mechanisms against necrotrophic pathogens, such as botrytis cinerea, are considered to be complex and to differ from those that are effective against biotrophs. in the abscisic acid-deficient sitiens tomato (solanum lycopersicum) mutant, which is highly resistant to b. cinerea, accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) was earlier and stronger than in the susceptible wild type at the site of infection. in sitiens, h(2)o(2) accumulation was observed from 4 h postinoculation (hpi) ...	2007	17573540
arabidopsis cytochrome p450 monooxygenase 71a13 catalyzes the conversion of indole-3-acetaldoxime in camalexin synthesis.	camalexin (3-thiazol-2-yl-indole) is an indole alkaloid phytoalexin produced by arabidopsis thaliana that is thought to be important for resistance to necrotrophic fungal pathogens, such as alternaria brassicicola and botrytis cinerea. it is produced from trp, which is converted to indole acetaldoxime (iaox) by the action of cytochrome p450 monooxygenases cyp79b2 and cyp79b3. the remaining biosynthetic steps are unknown except for the last step, which is conversion of dihydrocamalexic acid to ca ...	2007	17573535
impact of the botrytis cinerea strain and metabolism on (-)-geosmin production by penicillium expansum in grape juice.	geosmin, an off-flavour of some rotten grapes, has been implicated in wine defects. botrytis cinerea and penicillium expansum were the most common among the numerous microorganisms isolated from rotten grapes. p. expansum produces geosmin on model media but not healthy grape juice. however, geosmin synthesis by p. expansum was demonstrated in grape juice and on crushed grapes that had been pre-cultured with certain b. cinerea strains. 34 out of 156 b. cinerea strains ([bot +] phenotype) isolated ...	2007	17562219
expressed sequence tag (est) analysis of the pine wood nematode bursaphelenchus xylophilus and b. mucronatus.	most bursaphelenchus species feed on fungi that colonise dead or dying trees. however, bursaphelenchus xylophilus is unique in that in addition to feeding on fungi it has the capacity to be a parasite of live pine trees. we present an analysis of over 13,000 expressed sequence tags (ests) from b. xylophilus and, by way of contrast, over 3000 ests from a closely related species that does not parasitise plants as readily; b. mucronatus. four libraries from b. xylophilus, from a variety of life sta ...	2007	17560668
purification and characterization of an antifungal protein, c-fkbp, from chinese cabbage.	an antifungal protein was isolated from chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l. ssp. pekinensis) by buffer-soluble extraction and two chromatographic procedures. the results of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry revealed that the isolated chinese cabbage protein was identical to human fk506-binding protein (fkbp). a cdna encoding fkbp was isolated from a chinese cabbage leaf cdna library and named c-fkbp. the open reading frame of the gene en ...	2007	17550265
plant signalling components eds1 and sgt1 enhance disease caused by the necrotrophic pathogen botrytis cinerea.	* botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungus that causes grey mould on a wide range of food plants, especially grapevine, tomato, soft fruits and vegetables. this disease brings about important economic losses in both pre- and postharvest crops. successful protection of host plants against this pathogen is severely hampered by a lack of resistance genes in the hosts and the considerable phenotypic diversity of the fungus. * the aim of this study was to test whether b. cinerea manipulates the immu ...	2007	17547673
quantitative structure-antifungal activity relationships of some benzohydrazides against botrytis cinerea.	fourteen benzohydrazides have been synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antifungal activity against the phytopathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea. the best antifungal activity was observed for the n',n'-dibenzylbenzohydrazides 3b-d and for the n-aminoisoindoline-derived benzohydrazide 5. a quantitative structure-activity relationship (qsar) study has been developed using a topological substructural molecular design (tops-mode) approach to interpret the antifungal activity of these syntheti ...	2007	17542610
risk factors for allergy due to the two-spotted spider mite (tetranychus urticae) among table grape farm workers.	recent studies have reported an increased prevalence of respiratory symptoms among farm workers. the aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with spider mite allergy among table grape farm workers.	2007	17536223
study of the antifungal activity of acinetobacter baumannii lch001 in vitro and identification of its antifungal components.	an acinetobacter strain, given the code name lch001 and having the potential to be an endophytic antagonist, has been isolated from healthy stems of the plant cinnamomum camphora (l.) presl, guided by an in vitro screening technique. the bacterium inhibited the growth of several phytopathogenic fungi such as cryphonectria parasitica, glomerella glycines, phytophthora capsici, fusarium graminearum, botrytis cinerea, and rhizoctonia solani. biochemical, physiological, and 16s rdna sequence analysi ...	2007	17534613
the r2r3-myb transcription factor hag1/myb28 is a regulator of methionine-derived glucosinolate biosynthesis in arabidopsis thaliana.	methionine-derived glucosinolates belong to a class of plant secondary metabolites that serve as chemoprotective compounds in plant biotic defense reactions and also exhibit strong anticancerogenic properties beneficial to human health. in a screen for the trans-activation potential of various transcription factors toward glucosinolate biosynthetic genes, we could identify the hag1 (high aliphatic glucosinolate 1, also referred to as myb28) gene as a positive regulator of aliphatic methionine-de ...	2007	17521412
signaling via the trichoderma atroviride mitogen-activated protein kinase tmk 1 differentially affects mycoparasitism and plant protection.	trichoderma atroviride is a mycoparasite of a number of plant pathogenic fungi thereby employing morphological changes and secretion of cell wall degrading enzymes and antibiotics. the function of the tmk 1 gene encoding a mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) during fungal growth, mycoparasitic interaction, and biocontrol was examined in t. atroviride. deltatmk 1 mutants exhibited altered radial growth and conidiation, and displayed de-regulated infection structure formation in the absence of ...	2007	17509915
identification of two group a chitinase genes in botrytis cinerea which are differentially induced by exogenous chitin.	chitin-degrading enzymes represent potential targets for pesticides in the control of plant pathogenic fungi. here we describe the cloning, molecular characterization, and expression analysis of two putative chitinases of botrytis cinerea, a pathogenic fungus infecting a wide range of plants. on the basis of conserved motifs from family 18 of the glycosyl hydrolases and group a of the fungal chitinases, two fragments (bcchia and bcchib) were cloned and sequenced. expression of bcchia and bcchib ...	2007	17509848
combined expression of chitinase and lipid transfer protein genes in transgenic carrot plants enhances resistance to foliar fungal pathogens.	two pathogenesis-related (pr) protein genes consisting of a barley chitinase (chi-2) and a wheat lipid-transfer-protein (ltp) were introduced singly and in combination into carrot plants via agrobacterium-mediated transformation using the phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (bar) gene as a selectable marker. over 75% of regenerated plants were confirmed to be positive for the transgenes by pcr and rt-pcr and were resistant to the herbicide liberty (0.2%, v/v). northern analysis and immunoblottin ...	2007	17508215
antifungal properties of schiff bases of chitosan, n-substituted chitosan and quaternized chitosan.	schiff bases of chitosan, n-substituted chitosan, and quaternized chitosan were synthesized and their antifungal properties were analyzed against botrytis cinerea pers. (b. cinerea pers.) and colletotrichum lagenarium (pass) ell.et halst (c. lagenarium (pass) ell.et halst) based on the method of d. jasso de rodríguez and co-workers. the results showed that quaternized chitosan had better inhibitory properties than chitosan, schiff bases of chitosan, and n-substituted chitosan.	2007	17485075
atplai is an acyl hydrolase involved in basal jasmonic acid production and arabidopsis resistance to botrytis cinerea.	intracellular phospholipase a2 (pla2) plays an important role in regulating oxylipin biosynthesis in mammals, but the molecular and biochemical nature of intracellular pla2 is not well understood in plants. arabidopsis thaliana gene at1g61850 (atplai) encodes a 140-kda protein that is most similar to mammalian calcium-independent pla2, and additionally contains leucine-rich repeats and armadillo repeats. atplai hydrolyzes phospholipids at both the sn-1 and sn-2 positions, but prefers galactolipi ...	2007	17475618
the transcription factor hig1/myb51 regulates indolic glucosinolate biosynthesis in arabidopsis thaliana.	glucosinolates are a class of plant secondary metabolites that serve as antiherbivore compounds in plant defence. a previously identified arabidopsis thaliana activation-tagged line, displaying altered levels of secondary metabolites, was shown here to be affected in the content of indolic and aliphatic glucosinolates. the observed chemotype was caused by activation of the r2r3-myb transcription factor gene hig1 (high indolic glucosinolate 1, also referred to as myb51). hig1/myb51 was shown to a ...	2007	17461791
a reevaluation of the key factors that influence tomato fruit softening and integrity.	the softening of fleshy fruits, such as tomato (solanum lycopersicum), during ripening is generally reported to result principally from disassembly of the primary cell wall and middle lamella. however, unsuccessful attempts to prolong fruit firmness by suppressing the expression of a range of wall-modifying proteins in transgenic tomato fruits do not support such a simple model. 'delayed fruit deterioration' (dfd) is a previously unreported tomato cultivar that provides a unique opportunity to a ...	2007	17449643
mutations in lacs2, a long-chain acyl-coenzyme a synthetase, enhance susceptibility to avirulent pseudomonas syringae but confer resistance to botrytis cinerea in arabidopsis.	we identified an arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) mutant, sma4 (symptoms to multiple avr genotypes4), that displays severe disease symptoms when inoculated with avirulent strains of pseudomonas syringae pv tomato, although bacterial growth is only moderately enhanced compared to wild-type plants. the sma4 mutant showed a normal susceptible phenotype to the biotrophic fungal pathogen erysiphe cichoracearum. significantly, the sma4 mutant was highly resistant to a necrotrophic fungal pathogen, b ...	2007	17434992
biocontrol of blue and gray mold diseases of pear fruit by integration of antagonistic yeast with salicylic acid.	this study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the biocontrol yeast cryptococcus laurentii and salicylic acid (sa) in suppressing the blue and gray mould rots in pear fruit and to explore possible mode of action involved. our results showed that the combined treatment of pear fruit with c. laurentii with sa at 100 microg ml(-1) resulted in a remarkably improved control of penicillium expansum and botrytis cinerea infections, including the pre-inoculated p. expansum, in comparison with the ...	2007	17428566
a polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein from grapevine reduces the symptoms of the endopolygalacturonase bcpg2 from botrytis cinerea in nicotiana benthamiana leaves without any evidence for in vitro interaction.	six endopolygalacturonases from botrytis cinerea (bcpg1 to bcpg6) as well as mutated forms of bcpg1 and bcpg2 were expressed transiently in leaves of nicotiana benthamiana using agroinfiltration. expression of bcpg1, bcpg2, bcpg4, bcpg5, and mutant bcpg1-d203a caused symptoms, whereas bcpg3, bcpg6, and mutant bcpg2-d192a caused no symptoms. expression of bcpg2 caused the most severe symptoms, including wilting and necrosis. bcpg2 previously has been shown to be essential for b. cinerea virulence ...	2007	17427809
separate and combined disruptions of two exo-beta-1,3-glucanase genes decrease the efficiency of pichia anomala (strain k) biocontrol against botrytis cinerea on apple.	the modes of action of the antagonistic yeast pichia anomala (strain k) have been studied; however, thus far, there has been no clear demonstration of the involvement of exo-beta-1,3-glucanase in determining the level of protection against botrytis cinerea afforded by this biocontrol agent on apple. in the present study, the exo-beta-1,3-glucanase-encoding genes paexg1 and paexg2, previously sequenced from the strain k genome, were separately and sequentially disrupted. transfer of the ura3-blas ...	2007	17427807
differential regulation of closely related r2r3-myb transcription factors controls flavonol accumulation in different parts of the arabidopsis thaliana seedling.	the genes myb11, myb12 and myb111 share significant structural similarity and form subgroup 7 of the arabidopsis thaliana r2r3-myb gene family. to determine the regulatory potential of these three transcription factors, we used a combination of genetic, functional genomics and metabolite analysis approaches. myb11, myb12 and myb111 show a high degree of functional similarity and display very similar target gene specificity for several genes of flavonoid biosynthesis, including chalcone synthase, ...	2007	17419845
antibacterial and antifungal activity of cicerfuran and related 2-arylbenzofurans and stilbenes.	cicerfuran, 2-(2-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyphenyl)-6-hydroxybenzofuran, is an antifungal phytoalexin previously isolated from the roots of chickpea, cicer spp. the synthesis of cicerfuran, five 2-arylbenzofuran analogues and nine stilbene intermediates was reported recently. the antimicrobial activities of these compounds were evaluated against two species of bacteria, bacillus subtilis and pseudomonas syringae, and four species of filamentous fungi, aspergillus niger, botrytis cinerea, cladospo ...	2009	17418552
a permeable cuticle in arabidopsis leads to a strong resistance to botrytis cinerea.	the plant cuticle composed of cutin, a lipid-derived polyester, and cuticular waxes covers the aerial portions of plants and constitutes a hydrophobic extracellular matrix layer that protects plants against environmental stresses. the botrytis-resistant 1 (bre1) mutant of arabidopsis reveals that a permeable cuticle does not facilitate the entry of fungal pathogens in general, but surprisingly causes an arrest of invasion by botrytis. bre1 was identified to be long-chain acyl-coa synthetase2 (la ...	2007	17396154
composition and antifungal activity of essential oils of mentha piperita and lavendula angustifolia on post-harvest phytopathogens.	the general antifungal activity of essential oils is well documented. the advantage of essential oils is their bioactivity in the vapor phase, a characteristic that makes them attractive as possible fumigants for stored product protection. essential oils of aerial parts of mentha piperita and lavendula angustifolia were obtained with hydrodistillation and oils composition identified with gc-ms. menthanol (36.24%) and menthone (32.42%) were the major compounds of the m. piperata essential oil. th ...	2006	17390896
phytophthora tropicalis on hedera helix and epipremnum aureum in polish greenhouses.	phytophthora tropicalis was isolated from hedera helix and epipremnum aureum showing discoloration of leaves, necrosis of shoot base, spread upwards and on roots. the species was detected from 7/8 plants of hedera and 3/4 of epipremnum. additionally botrytis cinerea, fusarium avenaceum and rhizoctonia solani were recovered from some of diseased plants. p. tropicalis caused leaf necrosis of 13 plant species and tomato seedlings. the quickest spread of necrosis was observed on leaves of peperomia ...	2006	17390874
effect of incubation temperature and relative humidity on lesion diameter of botrytis cinerea pers. and penicillium expansum link. on apple fruits.	previous studies carried out in our laboratory demonstrated that the growth of b. cinerea and p. expansum was highly influenced by water activity and temperature in 'in vitro' conditions. regardless the temperature, a, minimal for growth was < or = 0.89 and equal to 0.89 for p. expansum and b. cinerea respectively. the effect of incubation temperature (5-25 degrees c) and relative humidity (rh 75-98%) on the lesion diameter of two common fungi b. cinerea and p. expansum was studied and modelled ...	2006	17390873
"minimum pruning", "minimal pruning" and "physiological pruning" as new techniques in grey mould agronomic eco-compatible (natural) control. researches and considerations.	the aim of this work was to find agronomic eco-compatible ("natural") control solutions against grey mould of grapevine too. our researches about "minimum pruning", "minimal pruning" and "physiological pruning" started in 1980, and in 1983 with specific relation to grey mould on vines of merlot, cabernet sauvignon and chardonnay previously set in vegetative and productive growth balance. these researches were conducted to verify the affordability of innovative winter pruning techniques like "min ...	2006	17390860
d.m.r. ("double reasoned maturing"): innovative technique of agronomic ecologic control of grey mould on grapevine. trials and various considerations.	a study was carried out in order to identify agronomic ecologic solutions in the indirect grey mould control on grapevine. these specific trials started since 1990 and, after years of validation, now they are applied by the entrepreneur to the business practice in the different pedological and climatic area and on different cultivars and forms of growing. the technique of "doppia maturazione ragionata" (d.m.r.) ("doubles reasoned maturing") consists of far "completing" the maturing of the grape ...	2006	17390859
induction of phytoalexins biosynthesis in orange fruit by the biocontrol yeast rhodotorula glutinis.	the biocontrol yeast rhodotorula glutinis, isolate 21a, obtained from tomato fruit was used to control penicillium digitatum, p. italicum and botrytis cinerea on artificially wounded citrus fruit. orange and satsuma mandarin fruit were treated with the biocontrol yeast, inoculated with the pathogens and stored for 7 days at 23 degrees c. on orange fruit the antagonist compared to the control reduced decay by 92.2, 88.4 and 96.2% for p. digitatum, p. italicum and b. cinerea, respectively. on sats ...	2006	17390839
biological control of botrytis gray mould on tomato cultivated in greenhouse.	research was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the biological control of the botrytis gray mould, caused by botrytis cinerea pers., one of the most important fungal diseases of the tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.). biological control was performed by using trichoderma harzianum rifai, an antagonist that is a naturally occurring fungus found on some plants and in the soil worldwide. trichoderma spp. are fungi diffused in nearly all agricultural soils and in other environments suc ...	2006	17390837
phytotoxicity of tolylfluanid in tomatoes.	the use of euparen multi (tolylfluanid) for controlling botrytis cinerea in tomatoes has been decreased the last decade for several reasons. because of the lack of different fungicides with a good efficacy it is important that growers can use different fungicides to prevent development of resistance of botrytis cinerea against many fungicides. tolylfluanid has negative side effects on some insect populations that are used for biological control. it is known that euparen multi and euparen can hav ...	2006	17390776
resistance to botrytis cinerea induced in arabidopsis by elicitors is independent of salicylic acid, ethylene, or jasmonate signaling but requires phytoalexin deficient3.	oligogalacturonides (ogs) released from plant cell walls by pathogen polygalacturonases induce a variety of host defense responses. here we show that in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), ogs increase resistance to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen botrytis cinerea independently of jasmonate (ja)-, salicylic acid (sa)-, and ethylene (et)-mediated signaling. microarray analysis showed that about 50% of the genes regulated by ogs, including genes encoding enzymes involved in secondary metabolism, ...	2007	17384165
shoot differentiation, regeneration of cauliflower and analysis of somaclonal variation by rapd.	our major goal in this study was to establish and characterize an efficient callus induction and shoot regeneration protocol for cauliflower (brassica oleracea var. botrytis). the effects of induction medium, growth regulator combination, organic component, agno(3), genotype and explants type on shoot differentiation on the cauliflower regeneration process were taken in account and hereby evaluated. the optimal media for shoot differentiation and rooting were modified ms medium (ms with pg-96 or ...	2006	17362340
culturable leaf-associated bacteria on tomato plants and their potential as biological control agents.	culturable leaf-associated bacteria inhabiting a plant have been considered as promising biological control agent (bca) candidates because they can survive on the plant. we investigated the relationship between bacterial groups of culturable leaf-associated bacteria on greenhouse- and field-grown tomato leaves and their antifungal activities against tomato diseases in vitro and in vivo. in addition, the isolated bacteria were analyzed for n-acyl-homoserine lactone (ahl) and indole-3-acetic acid ...	2007	17356949
defence mechanisms of tomato plants (lycopersicon spp.) against botrytis cinerea involving volatiles with morphogenetic activity.		1986	17345434
arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing human beta-defensin-2 are more resistant to fungal attack: functional homology between plant and human defensins.	human beta-defensin-2 (hbd-2) is a small antimicrobial peptide with potent activity against different gram-negative bacteria and fungal/yeast species. since human beta-defensins and plant defensins share structural homology, we set out to analyse whether there also exists a functional homology between these defensins of different eukaryotic kingdoms. to this end, we constructed a plant transformation vector harbouring the hbd-2 coding sequence, which we transformed to arabidopsis thaliana plants ...	2007	17340092
antifungal activity of aloe vera leaves.	aloe vera fresh leaves hydroalcoholic plant extract was tested against the mycelial growth of botrytis gladiolorum, fusarium oxysporum f.sp. gladioli, heterosporium pruneti and penicillium gladioli on czapek-agar medium. the minimum fungicidal concentration (mfc) varied between 80 and 100 microl/ml, depending on the fungal species.	2007	17336466
interaction with and effects on the profile of proteins of botrytis cinerea by c6 aldehydes.	the natural volatile compounds cis-3-hexenal (c-3-h) and trans-2-hexenal (t-2-h) have significant antifungal activity with potential for use as postharvest fumigants of fruits and vegetables. however, the nature of their interaction with fungi and impact on fungal growth at the molecular level are largely unknown. the sites of interaction of these six carbon (c6) aldehydes with botrytis cinerea, a common pathogen of many plant species, was characterized using 3h-labeled c-3-h and t-2-h. radiolab ...	2007	17323971
elicitor and resistance-inducing activities of beta-1,4 cellodextrins in grapevine, comparison with beta-1,3 glucans and alpha-1,4 oligogalacturonides.	cellodextrins (cd), water-soluble derivatives of cellulose composed of beta-1,4 glucoside residues, have been shown to induce a variety of defence responses in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) cells. the larger oligomers of cd rapidly induced transient generation of h2o2 and elevation in free cytosolic calcium, followed by a differential expression of genes encoding key enzymes of the phenylpropanoid pathway and pathogenesis-related (pr) proteins as well as stimulation of chitinase and beta-1,3 glu ...	2007	17322548
active package for wild strawberry fruit (fragaria vesca l.).	an antimicrobial active package has been developed to improve the safety and quality of wild strawberries, as well as extending their shelf life. the fruits were packed in equilibrium-modified atmosphere packaging (emap), and the effect on botrytis cinerea growth and on the quality parameters of the fruit by the addition of different amounts of 2-nonanone, an antifungal volatile compound naturally present in strawberries, was investigated during storage at 10 and 22 degrees c. the temperature of ...	2007	17316018
bromomyrothenone b and botrytinone, cyclopentenone derivatives from a marine isolate of the fungus botrytis.	new cyclopentenones, bromomyrothenone b (1) and botrytinone (2), and the known cyclonerodiol (3) were isolated from the marine algicolous fungus of the genus botrytis. the absolute stereostructures of compounds 1 and 2 were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence including quantum chemistry calculation, x-ray analysis, and cd exciton chirality method.	2007	17315966
suppression and restoration of male fertility using a transcription factor.	the arabidopsis atmyb103 gene codes for an r2r3 myb domain protein whose expression is restricted to the tapetum of developing anthers and to trichomes. down-regulation of expression using anti-sense leads to abnormal tapetum and pollen development, although seed setting still occurs (higginson, t., li, s.f. and parish, r.w. (2003) atmyb103 regulates tapetum and trichome development in arabidopsis thaliana. plant j. 35, 177-192). in this study, we show that blocking the function of the atmyb103 ...	2007	17309685
antimicrobial paper based on a soy protein isolate or modified starch coating including carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde.	soy protein isolates (spi) and octenyl-succinate (osa) modified starch were used as paper coating and inclusion matrices of two antimicrobial compounds: cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol. antimicrobial compound losses from the coated papers were evaluated after the coating and drying process, and the two matrices demonstrated retention ability that depended on the compound nature and concentration. whereas carvacrol losses ranged between 12 and 45%, cinnamaldehyde losses varied from 43 to 76%. the lo ...	2007	17305355
yeast populations residing on healthy or botrytis-infected grapes from a vineyard in attica, greece.	the yeast flora associated with healthy and botrytis-infected grapes was assessed. molecular identification methods assigned isolates to six genera and nine species. for the first time hanseniaspora opuntiae was encountered as an inhabitant of the grape ecosystem. by using drai, an informative restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern was generated to distinguish h. opuntiae from the closely related organism hanseniaspora guilliermondii. botrytis infection resulted in a larger population ...	2007	17293525
characterization of a lectin from gonatanthus pumilus d. don having anti-proliferative effect against human cancer cell lines.	a monocot araceous lectin from tubers of gonatanthus pumilus (gpl) wa earlier purified in our laboratory and reported as t-cell mitogen having homotetrameric structure with subunit molecular mass of 13 kda. besides asialofetuin as reported earlier, in the present study it was also inhibited by n-acetyl-d-lactosamine but was non-reactive towards mannose or its derivatives. the lectin is rich in acidic amino acids and cysteine is completely absent. chemical modification of gpl revealed requirement ...	2007	17288049
indole-3-acetic acid enhances the biocontrol of penicillium expansum and botrytis cinerea on pear fruit by cryptococcus laurentii.	this study evaluated the efficacy of indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) alone or with a biocontrol yeast, cryptococcus laurentii, in the inhibition of blue and gray mold diseases (penicillium expansum and botrytis cinerea) on pear fruit. the results demonstrated that a combination of c. laurentii with iaa at 100 microg ml(-1) was more effective in suppressing blue and gray mold infections on pear fruit than application of c. laurentii alone. iaa alone or with c. laurentii stimulated catalase, peroxidase ...	2007	17286561
overexpression of pectin methylesterase inhibitors in arabidopsis restricts fungal infection by botrytis cinerea.	pectin, one of the main components of plant cell wall, is secreted in a highly methylesterified form and is demethylesterified in muro by pectin methylesterase (pme). the action of pme is important in plant development and defense and makes pectin susceptible to hydrolysis by enzymes such as endopolygalacturonases. regulation of pme activity by specific protein inhibitors (pmeis) can, therefore, play a role in plant development as well as in defense by influencing the susceptibility of the wall ...	2007	17277091
the construction of a solanum habrochaites lyc4 introgression line population and the identification of qtls for resistance to botrytis cinerea.	tomato (solanum lycopersicum) is susceptible to grey mold (botrytis cinerea). partial resistance to this fungus has been identified in accessions of wild relatives of tomato such as solanum habrochaites lyc4. in a previous f(2) mapping study, three qtls conferring resistance to b. cinerea (rbcq1, rbcq2 and rbcq4a) were identified. as it was probable that this study had not identified all qtls involved in resistance we developed an introgression line (il) population (n = 30), each containing a s. ...	2007	17273845
cuticular defects lead to full immunity to a major plant pathogen.	in addition to its role as a barrier, the cuticle is also a source of signals perceived by invading fungi. cuticular breakdown products have been shown previously to be potent inducers of cutinase or developmental processes in fungal pathogens. here the question was addressed as to whether plants themselves can perceive modifications of the cuticle. this was studied using arabidopsis thaliana plants with altered cuticular structure. the expression of a cell wall-targeted fungal cutinase in a. th ...	2007	17257167
a gain-of-function allele of tpc1 activates oxylipin biogenesis after leaf wounding in arabidopsis.	jasmonates, potent lipid mediators of defense gene expression in plants, are rapidly synthesized in response to wounding. these lipid mediators also stimulate their own production via a positive feedback circuit, which depends on both ja synthesis and ja signaling. to date, molecular components regulating the activation of jasmonate biogenesis and its feedback loop have been poorly characterized. we employed a genetic screen capable of detecting the misregulated activity of 13-lipoxygenase, whic ...	2007	17253984
antimicrobial arylcoumarins from asphodelus microcarpus.	a new aryl coumarin glucoside, asphodelin a 4'-o-beta-d-glucoside (1), and its aglycon, asphodelin a (2), were isolated from asphodelus microcarpus. the structures were determined by detailed spectroscopic analysis and chemical transformation as 3-(2'-hydroxy-p-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyloxyphenyl)-4,7-dihydroxy-2h-1-benzopyran-2-one (1) and 3-(2',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,7-dihydroxy-2h-1-benzopyran-2-one (2), respectively. these compounds were isolated following bioactivity-directed fractionation, usi ...	2007	17253862