Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| diagnostic and clinical observation on the infectious bronchitis virus strain q1 in italy. | this paper describes the diagnostic and clinical observations of an infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) variant, referred to as q1, in clinically ill chickens in italy. this ibv variant was described for the first time in 1998 in china. in the autumn of 2011 it caused a small-scale epidemic in nonvaccinated meat chickens in farms located in northern italy. the disease was characterized by increased mortality, kidney lesions and proventriculitis. histopathological observations confirmed the nephrit ... | 2013 | 24362775 |
| how the double spherules of infectious bronchitis virus impact our understanding of rna virus replicative organelles. | powered by advances in electron tomography, recent studies have extended our understanding of how viruses construct "replication factories" inside infected cells. their function, however, remains an area of speculation with important implications for human health. it is clear from these studies that whatever their purpose, organelle structure is dynamic (m. ulasli, m. h. verheije, c. a. de haan, and f. reggiori, cell. microbiol. 12:844-861, 2010) and intricate (k. knoops, m. kikkert, s. h. worm, ... | 2013 | 24345746 |
| bacmam virus-based surface display of the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) s1 glycoprotein confers strong protection against virulent ibv challenge in chickens. | avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is associated with production inefficiencies in domestic fowl, and causes massive economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. progress has been made in designing novel and efficient candidate vaccines to control ibv infection. bacmam virus, a modified baculovirus mediating transgene expression under the control of a mammalian promoter, has emerged as a versatile and safe vector during vaccine development. in previous work, we generated the bacmam vi ... | 2014 | 24342247 |
| a genome-wide association study identifies major loci affecting the immune response against infectious bronchitis virus in chicken. | coronaviruses are a hot research topic because they can cause severe diseases in humans and animals. infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), belonging to gamma-coronaviruses, causes a highly infectious respiratory viral disease and can result in catastrophic economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. unfortunately, the genetic basis of the host immune responses against ibv is poorly understood. in the present study, the antibody levels against ibv post-immunization were measured by an enzyme- ... | 2014 | 24333371 |
| mapping of the receptor-binding domain and amino acids critical for attachment in the spike protein of avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. | the infection of the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is initiated by the binding of the spike glycoprotein s to sialic acids on the chicken host cell. in this study we identified the receptor-binding domain (rbd) of the spike of the prototype ibv strain m41. by analyzing the ability of recombinantly expressed chimeric and truncated spike proteins to bind to chicken tissues, we demonstrate that the n-terminal 253 amino acids of the spike are both required and sufficient for bi ... | 2014 | 24314633 |
| neuraminidase subtyping of avian influenza viruses with primerhunter-designed primers and quadruplicate primer pools. | we have previously developed a software package called primerhunter to design primers for pcr-based virus subtyping. in this study, 9 pairs of primers were designed with primerhunter and successfully used to differentiate the 9 neuraminidase (na) genes of avian influenza viruses (aivs) in multiple pcr-based assays. furthermore, primer pools were designed and successfully used to decrease the number of reactions needed for na subtyping from 9 to 4. the quadruplicate primer-pool method is cost-sav ... | 2013 | 24312367 |
| adjuvant effects of mannose-binding lectin ligands on the immune response to infectious bronchitis vaccine in chickens with high or low serum mannose-binding lectin concentrations. | mannose-binding lectin (mbl) plays a major role in the immune response as a soluble pattern-recognition receptor. mbl deficiency and susceptibility to different types of infections have been subject to extensive studies over the last decades. in humans and chickens, several studies have shown that mbl participates in the protection of hosts against virus infections. infectious bronchitis (ib) is a highly contagious disease of economic importance in the poultry industry caused by the coronavirus ... | 2014 | 24305086 |
| molecular characterization of major structural protein genes of avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus isolates in southern china. | to gain comprehensive genetic information of circulating avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) isolates in china, analysis of the phylogenetic tree, entropy of the amino acid sequences, and the positive selection as well as computational recombinations of s1, m and n genes of 23 ibv isolates was conducted in the present study. the phylogenetic trees based on the s1, m and n genes exhibited considerably different topology and the ck/ch/lsc/99i-type isolates were the predominant ibvs ... | 2013 | 24304696 |
| development and characterization of a recombinant infectious bronchitis virus expressing the ectodomain region of s1 gene of h120 strain. | infectious bronchitis (ib), caused by infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), is a highly contagious chicken disease, and can lead to serious economic losses in poultry enterprises. the continual introduction of new ibv serotypes requires alternative strategies for the production of timely and safe vaccines against the emergence of variants. modification of the ibv genome using reverse genetics is one way to generate recombinant ibvs as the candidates of new ibv vaccines. in this study, the recombina ... | 2014 | 24287931 |
| cross-protective immune responses elicited by a korean variant of infectious bronchitis virus. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) infections cause great economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. ibvs continuously evolve by developing mutations in antigenic sites; therefore, an ibv vaccine that provides broad cross-protection can be a highly relevant and practical method in ibv control strategies. although some ibv vaccine strains are known to provide protection against multiple ibv serotypes, in general commercially available ibv vaccine strains provide protection against antigeni ... | 2013 | 24283135 |
| discovery of a novel bottlenose dolphin coronavirus reveals a distinct species of marine mammal coronavirus in gammacoronavirus. | while gammacoronaviruses mainly comprise infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) and its closely related bird coronaviruses (covs), the only mammalian gammacoronavirus was discovered from a white beluga whale (beluga whale cov [bwcov] sw1) in 2008. in this study, we discovered a novel gammacoronavirus from fecal samples from three indo-pacific bottlenose dolphins (tursiops aduncus), which we named bottlenose dolphin cov (bdcov) hku22. all the three bdcov hku22-positive samples were collected on the sa ... | 2014 | 24227844 |
| transcriptome analysis of chicken kidney tissues following coronavirus avian infectious bronchitis virus infection. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), a prototype of the coronaviridae family, is an economically important causative agent of infectious bronchitis in chickens and causes an acute and highly contagious upper respiratory tract infections that may lead to nephritis. however, the molecular antiviral mechanisms of chickens to ibv infection remain poorly understood. in this study, we conducted global gene expression profiling of chicken kidney tissue after nephropathogenic ibv infection to better under ... | 2013 | 24168272 |
| infectious bronchitis virus generates spherules from zippered endoplasmic reticulum membranes. | replication of positive-sense rna viruses is associated with the rearrangement of cellular membranes. previous work on the infection of tissue culture cell lines with the betacoronaviruses mouse hepatitis virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) showed that they generate double-membrane vesicles (dmvs) and convoluted membranes as part of a reticular membrane network. here we describe a detailed study of the membrane rearrangements induced by the avian gammacoronavirus i ... | 2013 | 24149513 |
| molecular survey of enteric viruses in commercial chicken farms in korea with a history of enteritis. | several enteric viruses have increasingly received attention as potential causative agents of runting-stunting syndrome (rss) in chickens. a molecular survey was performed to determine the presence of a broad range of enteric viruses, namely chicken astrovirus (castv), avian nephritis virus (anv), chicken parvovirus (chpv), infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), avian rotavirus (avrv), avian reovirus (arv), and fowl adenovirus (fadv), in intestinal samples derived from 34 commercial chicken flocks t ... | 2013 | 24135590 |
| complete genome sequence of a nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus strain isolated in china. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) causes tremendous economic losses to the poultry industry. here, we report the complete genome analysis results for a new natural recombination nephropathogenic ibv strain named saibk, which was isolated in the sichuan province of china in 2005. | 2013 | 24115543 |
| assembly and immunogenicity of coronavirus-like particles carrying infectious bronchitis virus m and s proteins. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) as an avian coronavirus is still posing a persistent and imminent threat to the poultry industry worldwide. here we report that transfection of sf9 cells with a single recombinant baculovirus encoding m and s proteins resulted in the assembly of ibv vlps; this is the first report that s protein plus m protein alone were able to be assembled into vlps for coronaviruses. we further showed that the generated ibv vlps could induce humoral immune responses in a level ... | 2013 | 24099870 |
| contributions of the s2 spike ectodomain to attachment and host range of infectious bronchitis virus. | the spike protein is the major viral attachment protein of the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) and ultimately determines viral tropism. the s1 subunit of the spike is assumed to be required for virus attachment. however, we have previously shown that this domain of the embryo- and cell culture adapted beaudette strain, in contrast to that of the virulent m41 strain, is not sufficient for binding to chicken trachea (wickramasinghe et al., 2011). in the present study, we demons ... | 2013 | 24041648 |
| identification and survey of a novel avian coronavirus in ducks. | the rapid discovery of novel viruses using next generation sequencing (ngs) technologies including dna-seq and rna-seq, has greatly expanded our understanding of viral diversity in recent years. the timely identification of novel viruses using ngs technologies is also important for us to control emerging infectious diseases caused by novel viruses. in this study, we identified a novel duck coronavirus (cov), distinct with chicken infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), using rna-seq. the novel duck-s ... | 2013 | 24023656 |
| role of chicken astrovirus as a causative agent of gout in commercial broilers in india. | several outbreaks of gout were reported in commercial broilers in india during 2011 and 2012, causing up to 40% mortality in the birds. gross and histopathological observations confirmed gout. quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) analysis from kidney samples of gout-affected birds indicated the presence of chicken astrovirus (castv) in 41.7% of cases and a mixed infection of castv and avian nephritis virus (anv) in 36.4% of cases. castv isolated from gout-affect ... | 2013 | 24015918 |
| decay of maternal antibodies in broiler chickens. | the objective of this study was to determine the decay rate of maternal antibodies against major broiler chicken pathogens. a total of 30 one-day-old broiler chicks were obtained from a commercial hatchery and reared in isolation. these chicks were retrieved from a parent flock that received a routine vaccination program. chicks were bled at hatch and sequentially thereafter every 5 d through 30 d of age. maternal antibody titers were measured by elisa for avian encephalomyelitis (aev), avian in ... | 2013 | 23960115 |
| altered pro-inflammatory cytokine mrna levels in chickens infected with infectious bronchitis virus. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) replicates primarily in the respiratory tract and grows in various organs in chickens, with or without pathological effects. the diversity of this virus has been verified by sequence analysis of the s1 glycoprotein gene, but this method must be supplemented with further analysis for characterization of the agent. to increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease caused by this virus, we investigated the response of chickens to 2 ibv with different ... | 2013 | 23960111 |
| cell-mediated immune responses in the head-associated lymphoid tissues induced to a live attenuated avian coronavirus vaccine. | humoral immunity is important for controlling viral diseases of poultry, but recent studies have indicated that cytotoxic t cells also play an important role in the immune response to infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). to better understand the cell mediated immune responses to ibv in the mucosal and systemic immune compartments chickens were ocularly vaccinated with ibv. this induced a lymphocyte expansion in head-associated lymphoid tissues (halt) and to a lesser extent in the spleen, followed ... | 2013 | 23948147 |
| [development of a gexp assay for simultaneous differentiation of six chicken respiratory viruses]. | a gexp based multiplex pcr assay was developed to simultaneously detect six different chicken respiratory viruses including h5, h7, h9 subtypes of avian influenza virus(aiv), new castle disease virus (ndv), infectious bronchitis virus(ibv) and infectious laryngotracheitis virus(iltv). according to the conserved sequences of genes of each pathogen, seven pairs of specific primers were designed, and the reaction conditions were optimized. the specificity and accuracy of gexp were examined using sa ... | 2013 | 23905467 |
| application of a new bivalent marek's disease vaccine does not interfere with infectious bronchitis or newcastle disease vaccinations and proves efficacious. | a possible interference after marek's disease (md) vaccination using an experimental bivalent vaccine, consisting of a redesigned cvi-988/rispens-type mdv-1 strain and herpesvirus of turkeys, with vaccination against infectious bronchitis (ib) virus (ibv) or newcastle disease (nd) virus (ndv) was examined. day-old specific-pathogen-free chicks were concomitantly vaccinated with the bivalent md vaccine (either intramuscularly or subcutaneously) and with commercially available vaccines against nd ... | 2013 | 23901767 |
| sialic acid binding properties of soluble coronavirus spike (s1) proteins: differences between infectious bronchitis virus and transmissible gastroenteritis virus. | the spike proteins of a number of coronaviruses are able to bind to sialic acids present on the cell surface. the importance of this sialic acid binding ability during infection is, however, quite different. we compared the spike protein of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and the spike protein of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). whereas sialic acid is the only receptor determinant known so far for ibv, tgev requires interaction with its receptor aminopeptidase n to initiate infectio ... | 2013 | 23896748 |
| changes of several acute phase factors in broiler chickens in response to infectious bronchitis virus infection. | this study was performed to clarify the acute phase response following infectious bronchitis virus inoculation. ninety clinically healthy 1-d-old ross chicks were randomly assigned into 2 groups: control (n = 20) and infected group (n = 70). at the age of 20 d, all birds in the infected group were challenged intranasally with allantoic fluid containing 10(5) embryo lethal dose (eld50)/0.1 ml of the infectious bronchitis virus. blood samples were collected from 20 clinically healthy and 70 infect ... | 2013 | 23873545 |
| humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to different doses of attenuated vaccine against avian infectious bronchitis virus. | the antibody and cellular immune responses against infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were evaluated at mucosal sites of chickens after immunization with various doses of an attenuated vaccine at 1 day of age. the correlation of these immune responses with protection of tracheal tissues was evaluated after experimental infection of these birds. significantly reduced tracheal pathologic effects, measured according to ciliostasis and histology lesions, and reduced viral load were observed only in t ... | 2013 | 23865943 |
| identification of two atr-dependent phosphorylation sites on coronavirus nucleocapsid protein with nonessential functions in viral replication and infectivity in cultured cells. | coronavirus encodes an extensively phosphorylated and highly basic nucleocapsid (n) protein. previous studies have identified ser190, ser192, thr378 and ser379 as the phosphorylation sites for coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) n protein. in this study, we show that phosphorylation at thr378 and ser379 sites is dependent on the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (atm) and rad3-related (atr), a kinase activated during ibv replication. introduction of ala substitutions at these two sites ind ... | 2013 | 23849791 |
| simultaneous detection of five major serotypes of avian coronavirus by a multiplex microsphere-based assay. | avian coronavirus (commonly known as infectious bronchitis virus [ibv]) is of major economic importance to commercial chicken producers worldwide. due to the existence of multiple serotypes and variants of the virus that do not cross-protect, it is important to diagnose circulating serotypes and choose the right vaccine type for successful protection. in an effort to improve conventional diagnostic tests, a microsphere-based assay was developed and evaluated for simultaneous detection of the mos ... | 2013 | 23847226 |
| infectious bronchitis virus as a vector for the expression of heterologous genes. | the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is the causative agent of the respiratory disease infectious bronchitis of domestic fowl, and is controlled by routine vaccination. to explore the potential use of ibv as a vaccine vector a reverse genetics system was utilised to generate infectious recombinant ibvs (ribvs) expressing the reporter genes enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) or humanised renilla luciferase (hrluc). infectious ribvs were obtained following the replacement ... | 2013 | 23840781 |
| lactococcus lactis anchoring avian infectious bronchitis virus multi-epitope peptide epic induced specific immune responses in chickens. | mucosal immunity is critical in preventing infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) infection. to deliver viral antigens to the mucosal immune system of chickens safely and effectively, we constructed a lactococcus lactis strain carrying ibv multi-epitope gene epic fused with the gene of the cell-wall anchoring domain of staphylococcus aureus protein a. sds-page and western blot results indicated that the fused peptide was located partially on the cell surface. oral and nasal inoculation with the recom ... | 2013 | 23832344 |
| a duplex sybr green i-based real-time rt-pcr assay for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of massachusetts and non-massachusetts serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus. | infectious bronchitis is a highly contagious viral disease of poultry caused by infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) and is considered one of the most economically important viral diseases of chickens. control of ibv has been attempted using live attenuated and inactivated vaccines. live attenuated vaccines of the massachusetts (mass.) serotype are the most commonly used for this purpose. due to the continuous emergence of new variants of the infectious bronchitis virus, the identification of the t ... | 2013 | 23810983 |
| a cholesterol tag at the n terminus of the relatively broad-spectrum fusion inhibitory peptide targets an earlier stage of fusion glycoprotein activation and increases the peptide's antiviral potency in vivo. | in previous work, we designed peptides that showed potent inhibition of newcastle disease virus (ndv) and infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) infections in chicken embryos. in this study, we demonstrate that peptides modified with cholesterol or 3 u of polyethylene glycol (peg3) conjugated to the peptides' n termini showed even more promising antiviral activities when tested in animal models. both cholesterol- and cholesterol-peg3-tagged peptides were able to protect chicken embryos from infection ... | 2013 | 23804636 |
| serosurvey for selected infectious agents in two sympatric species of cormorants (phalacrocorax atriceps and phalacrocorax magellanicus) from coastal patagonia, argentina. | we conducted a serologic survey for selected infectious agents on two sympatric cormorants, the imperial cormorant (phalacrocorax atriceps) and the rock shag (phalacrocorax magellanicus). blood was collected from 267 imperial cormorants and 106 rock shags at 17 colonies along the patagonia atlantic shore during nine breeding seasons (1994, 1999-2001-2005-2008-2010). antibodies to four pathogens were common to both species and frequently observed: avian paramyxovirus type 1 (56% of imperial cormo ... | 2013 | 23778597 |
| presence of infectious bronchitis virus strain ck/ch/ldl/97i in the middle east. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a very dynamic and evolving virus, causing major economic losses to the global poultry industry. in early 2011, respiratory disease outbreaks were investigated in iraq, jordan, and saudi arabia. five ibv isolates (joa2, joa4, saudi-1, saudi-2, and iraqi ibv) were detected by diagnostic-nested nucleocapsid rt-pcr. strain identification was characterised by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the amplified hypervariable region of the spike 1 (s1) gene. thes ... | 2012 | 23738118 |
| experimental study on histopathological changes and tissue tropism of iranian infectious bronchitis serotype 793/b-like virus in spf chickens. | avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is prevalent in all countries with intensive poultry flocks. this disease is characterised primarily by respiratory signs, but some ibv strains may also infect other organs such as the intestinal and urogenital tracts. the aim of this study was to characterise the histopathological lesions and tissue tropism of iranian isolate ir/773/2001(793/b) of avian infectious bronchitis virus in different organs of experimentally infected spf chickens. forty-two one- ... | 2013 | 23718717 |
| suppression of coronavirus replication by cyclophilin inhibitors. | coronaviruses infect a variety of mammalian and avian species and cause serious diseases in humans, cats, mice, and birds in the form of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), feline infectious peritonitis (fip), mouse hepatitis, and avian infectious bronchitis, respectively. no effective vaccine or treatment has been developed for sars-coronavirus or fip virus, both of which cause lethal diseases. it has been reported that a cyclophilin inhibitor, cyclosporin a (csa), could inhibit the repli ... | 2013 | 23698397 |
| characterization of nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus dmv/1639/11 recovered from delmarva broiler chickens in 2011. | a limited outbreak of nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis (nib) occurred in three delmarva (dmv) commercial broiler chicken flocks in 2011. isolates of nib virus (nibv)--dmv/1639/11, dmv/3432/11, and dmv/3902/11--were characterized by sequence analysis of the n-terminal subunit (s1) of the spike (s) gene. findings indicated that the isolates were identical to each other and to pa/9579a/10, a 2010 isolate from poultry in pennsylvania. the 2010 and 2011 isolates appear to have originated from a ... | 2013 | 23678731 |
| upregulation of chop/gadd153 during coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus infection modulates apoptosis by restricting activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway. | induction of the unfolded protein response (upr) is an adaptive cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress that allows a cell to reestablish er homeostasis. however, under severe and persistent er stress, prolonged upr may activate unique pathways that lead to cell death. in this study, we investigated the activation of the protein kinase r-like er kinase (perk) pathway of upr in cells infected with the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) and its relationship with ibv-induc ... | 2013 | 23678184 |
| the cellular interactome of the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus nucleocapsid protein and functional implications for virus biology. | the coronavirus nucleocapsid (n) protein plays a multifunctional role in the virus life cycle, from regulation of replication and transcription and genome packaging to modulation of host cell processes. these functions are likely to be facilitated by interactions with host cell proteins. the potential interactome of the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) n protein was mapped using stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (silac) coupled to a green fluorescent protein-nanotrap pull ... | 2013 | 23637410 |
| the toxicological impacts of the fusarium mycotoxin, deoxynivalenol, in poultry flocks with special reference to immunotoxicity. | deoxynivalenol (don) is a common fusarium toxin in poultry feed. chickens are more resistant to the adverse impacts of deoxynivalenol (don) compared to other species. in general, the acute form of don mycotoxicosis rarely occurs in poultry flocks under normal conditions. however, if diets contain low levels of don (less than 5 mg don/kg diet), lower productivity, impaired immunity and higher susceptibility to infectious diseases can occur. the molecular mechanism of action of don has not been co ... | 2013 | 23628787 |
| negatively charged residues in the endodomain are critical for specific assembly of spike protein into murine coronavirus. | coronavirus spike (s) protein assembles into virions via its carboxy-terminus, which is composed of a transmembrane domain and an endodomain. here, the carboxy-terminal charge-rich motif in the endodomain was verified to be critical for the specificity of s assembly into mouse hepatitis virus (mhv). recombinant mhvs exhibited a range of abilities to accommodate the homologous s endodomains from the betacoronaviruses bovine coronavirus and human sars-associated coronavirus, the alphacoronavirus p ... | 2013 | 23628137 |
| burden of respiratory tract infections among paediatric in and out-patient units during 2010-11. | respiratory tract infections due to viral etiology were studied with an objective to identify and compare the pathogens between hospital indoor and outdoor units. | 2013 | 23609364 |
| influenza c virus-associated community-acquired pneumonia in children. | to evaluate the impact of influenza c (icv) infection in children with community-acquired pneumonia (cap), all of the children consecutively seen during 4 influenza seasons with respiratory symptoms and radiographically confirmed cap were prospectively evaluated. icv was identified in the respiratory secretions of five of 391 patients (1·3%). in children with icv-associated cap, clinical data were similar to those observed in children with iav-associated cap and worse than those observed in chil ... | 2012 | 23594251 |
| avian metapneumoviruses expressing infectious bronchitis virus genes are stable and induce protection. | the study investigates the ability of subtype a avian metapneumovirus (ampv) to accept foreign genes and be used as a vector for delivery of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) qx genes to chickens. initially the gfp gene was added to ampv at all gene junctions in conjunction with the development of cassetted full length dna ampv copies. after recombinant virus had been recovered by reverse genetics, gfp positions supporting gene expression while maintaining virus viability in vitro, were determin ... | 2013 | 23588091 |
| immune responses to infectious laryngotracheitis virus. | infectious laryngotracheitis (ilt) is an upper respiratory tract disease in chickens caused by infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv), an alphaherpesvirus. despite the extensive use of attenuated, and more recently recombinant, vaccines for the control of this disease, ilt continues to affect the intensive poultry industries worldwide. innate and cell-mediated, rather than humoral immune responses, have been identified as responsible for protection against disease. this review examines the cu ... | 2013 | 23567343 |
| regulation of macrophage and dendritic cell function by pathogens and through immunomodulation in the avian mucosa. | macrophages (mph) and dendritic cells (dc) are members of the mononuclear phagocyte system. in chickens, markers to distinguish mph from dc are lacking, but whether mph and dc can be distinguished in humans and mice is under debate, despite the availability of numerous markers. mucosal mph and dc are strategically located to ingest foreign antigens, suggesting they can rapidly respond to invading pathogens. this review addresses our current understanding of dc and mph function, the receptors exp ... | 2013 | 23542704 |
| continuous evolution of avian infectious bronchitis virus resulting in different variants co-circulating in southern china. | sixty field strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were isolated from chicken flocks in different regions of guangxi from 1985 to 2012. phylogenetic analysis of s1 subunit glycoprotein genes revealed that field isolates from 2009-2011 mostly belonged to the lx4 type, while those from 1985-2008 belonged to the hn08 type, and a few others belonged to the 4/91 type, the tw type and the mass type. in addition, it is noteworthy that no obvious regional differences were found among these 6 ... | 2013 | 23474985 |
| detection of infectious bronchitis virus serotypes by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in broiler chickens. | infectious bronchitis (ib) is a highly contagious disease of the respiratory and urogenital tract of chickens, caused by infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), a member of the family coronaviridae. the disease is common throughout the world where chickens are produced commercially. pcr on reverse transcribed rna is a potent technique for the detection of ibv. in comparison with classical detection methods, pcr-based techniques are both sensitive and fast. dozens of serotypes and genotypes of ibv hav ... | 2013 | 23450039 |
| genetic diversity of spike, 3a, 3b and e genes of infectious bronchitis viruses and emergence of new recombinants in korea. | the nucleotide sequences of a region including s1, s2, 3a, 3b and e genes of twenty-seven infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) isolates in korea between 1990-2011 were determined and phylogenetic and computational recombination analyses were conducted. the sizes of coding regions of some genes varied among ibv isolates due to deletion or insertion of nucleotides; the nucleotide similarities of s1, s2, 3a, 3b and e genes among the 27 isolates were 75.9%-100.0%, 85%-100.0%, 64.0%-100.0%, 60.4%-100.0% ... | 2013 | 23435235 |
| the proportion of specific viral subpopulations in attenuated arkansas delmarva poultry industry infectious bronchitis vaccines influences vaccination outcome. | we investigated the significance of differing proportions of specific subpopulations among commercial arkansas (ark) delmarva poultry industry (dpi) vaccines with regard to vaccination outcome. two arkdpi-derived vaccines that contain a higher proportion of viruses with s1 genes that become selected during replication in chickens exhibited more rapid establishment of those selected subpopulations in chickens, produced significantly higher viral loads in tears, and induced higher antibody respons ... | 2012 | 23397834 |
| review of infectious bronchitis virus around the world. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a gamma coronavirus that causes a highly contagious disease in chickens. the virus can affect the upper respiratory tract and the reproductive tract, and some strains can cause a nephritis. different serotypes and genetic types of the virus have been identified worldwide and for the most part do not cross-protect. in addition, new types of the virus continue to arise due to mutations and recombination events in the viral genome, making this virus difficult to ... | 2012 | 23397833 |
| the required sample size in vaccination-challenge experiments with infectious bronchitis virus, a meta-analysis. | for statistical, animal welfare and financial reasons the choice of the number of chickens per group in experiments is important. this estimation, together with the number of tracheal organ cultures (tocs) that need to be examined from each chicken in order to assess protection, should be based on the difference in level of protection that one would like to be able to detect (effect size), the expected variability of the results between and within the chickens, the desired confidence level and t ... | 2013 | 23391176 |
| protection of chickens against infectious bronchitis virus with a multivalent dna vaccine and boosting with an inactivated vaccine. | the protective efficacy of dna plasmids encoding avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) s1, n, or m protein was investigated in chickens. chickens were inoculated monovalently (with plasmid pvax1-16s1, pvax1-16m, or pvax1-16n alone) or multivalently (combination of the three different plasmids, pvax1-16s1/m/n). a prime-boost immunization protocol against ibv was developed. chickens were immunized with the multivalent dna vaccine twice and then boosted with an inactivated vaccine once. antibody ... | 2013 | 23388447 |
| [evaluation of antigenic relationship of guangxi isolates of infectious bronchitis virus]. | monovalent antisera of 3 vaccine strains and 7 representative field isolates were prepared based on the comparison of genetic diversity of the hypervariable region i of s1 gene (hvr i from 3 infectious bronchitis (ib) vaccine strains (h120, ma5 and 4/91) ,one reference strain m41 and 26 ib field isolates. these 30 strains were classified in 7 different genotypes, respectively. virus-neutralizing test on tracheal organ cultures (toc) with chicken embryo were used to evaluate relatedness values of ... | 2012 | 23367560 |
| development of a chick bioassay for determination of infectivity of viral pathogens in poultry litter. | to develop a chicken bioassay to detect infective viral pathogens in poultry litter and to determine the effects of type of chicken and age of exposure, as well as the effect of simulated litter transportation, on the level of viral infectivity detected. | 2013 | 23356376 |
| analysis of a qx-like avian infectious bronchitis virus genome identified recombination in the region containing the orf 5a, orf 5b, and nucleocapsid protein gene sequences. | the complete genome of a qx-like infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strain sczy3 isolated recently in sichuan was sequenced. the genome contains 27,695 nucleotides (nt), and possesses a genomic structure similar to other ibv strains. sequence comparisons demonstrated that the sczy3 genome had the highest nt sequence identity with qx-like ibvs and was most dissimilar to the massachusetts type ibv. differences in the sequences of genes present in the sczy3 genome and other ibvs gene sequences were ... | 2013 | 23355072 |
| visualizing the autophagy pathway in avian cells and its application to studying infectious bronchitis virus. | autophagy is a highly conserved cellular response to starvation that leads to the degradation of organelles and long-lived proteins in lysosomes and is important for cellular homeostasis, tissue development and as a defense against aggregated proteins, damaged organelles and infectious agents. although autophagy has been studied in many animal species, reagents to study autophagy in avian systems are lacking. microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (map1lc3/lc3) is an important marker for ... | 2013 | 23328491 |
| multiplex nested rt-pcr for detecting avian influenza virus, infectious bronchitis virus and newcastle disease virus. | in this study, multiplex nested rt-pcr (mnrt-pcr) was applied to simultaneous detect multiplex pcr with the higher sensitivity of nested pcr that is required for avian influenza, infectious bronchitis and newcastle disease virus using two steps of amplification. for the first pcr, primers that were specific for each virus were newly designed from the nucleoprotein gene of aiv, the nucleocapsid protein gene of ibv and the fusion protein gene of ndv to amplify products of 665, 386 and 236 nucleoti ... | 2013 | 23261801 |
| rapid nk-cell activation in chicken after infection with infectious bronchitis virus m41. | natural killer (nk) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes and play an important role in the early defence against viruses. in this study we focussed on nk cell and interferon (ifn) responses after infection with infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). based on surface expression of cd107+, enhanced activation of lung nk cells was observed at 1 dpi, whereas in blood prolonged nk-cell activation was found. ifn-α and ifn-β mrna and proteins were not rapidly induced whereas ifn-γ production in lung, measured b ... | 2013 | 23245429 |
| comparative dynamic distribution of avian infectious bronchitis virus m41, h120, and saibk strains by quantitative real-time rt-pcr in spf chickens. | avian infectious bronchitis is an acute, highly contagious disease of chickens. to study the differences of dynamic distribution between nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strains such as saibk and other strains (the m41 and h120 strains), relative quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was developed by housekeeping gene selection. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and ubiquitin were chosen for normalization in this experimental set. then ni ... | 2012 | 23221700 |
| identification of a noncanonically transcribed subgenomic mrna of infectious bronchitis virus and other gammacoronaviruses. | coronavirus subgenomic mrna (sgmrna) synthesis occurs via a process of discontinuous transcription involving transcription regulatory sequences (trss) located in the 5' leader sequence (trs-l) and upstream of each structural and group-specific gene (trs-b). several gammacoronaviruses including infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) contain a putative open reading frame (orf), localized between the m gene and gene 5, which is controversial due to the perceived absence of a trs. we have studied the tra ... | 2013 | 23221558 |
| sequencing, phylogenetic analysis, and potential recombination events of infectious bronchitis viruses isolated in korea. | the s2 glycoprotein and membrane (m) protein genes and s1 glycoprotein and nucleocapsid (n) genes of 11 korean infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) isolates were amplified by rt-pcr, cloned, and sequenced. the resultant nucleotide sequences were compared with the published sequences for non-korean ibv strains. korean ibv isolates formed two independent subclusters within the phylogenetic tree based on s2 glycoprotein gene sequences. however, four and two different clusters were formed in the phylog ... | 2013 | 23203570 |
| design, synthesis and crystallographic analysis of nitrile-based broad-spectrum peptidomimetic inhibitors for coronavirus 3c-like proteases. | coronaviral infection is associated with up to 5% of respiratory tract diseases. the 3c-like protease (3cl(pro)) of coronaviruses is required for proteolytic processing of polyproteins and viral replication, and is a promising target for the development of drugs against coronaviral infection. we designed and synthesized four nitrile-based peptidomimetic inhibitors with different n-terminal protective groups and different peptide length, and examined their inhibitory effect on the in-vitro enzyma ... | 2013 | 23202846 |
| comparative genomics of korean infectious bronchitis viruses (ibvs) and an animal model to evaluate pathogenicity of ibvs to the reproductive organs. | the k-i and nephropathogenic k-ii genotypes of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) have been isolated since 1995 and 1990, respectively, in korea and commercial inactivated oil-emulsion vaccines containing km91 (k-ii type) and massachusetts 41 strains have been used in the field. to date, genomic analyses of korean ibv strains and animal models to test the pathogenicity of korean ibvs to the reproductive organs have been rare. in the present study, comparative genomics of snu8067 (k-i type) and km ... | 2012 | 23202499 |
| development of an antigen-capture elisa for the detection of avian leukosis virus p27 antigen. | an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ac-elisa) employing monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against p27 was developed for the detection of the avian leukosis virus (alv). the specificity of the optimized ac-elisa was evaluated using avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j), avian leukosis virus subgroup a (alv-a), avian leukosis virus subgroup b (alv-b), avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), marek's disease virus (mdv), avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv), fowlpo ... | 2013 | 23201286 |
| characterization of a recombinant coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus with distinct s1 subunits of spike and nucleocapsid genes and a 3' untranslated region. | an infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), ck/ch/lzj/111113, was isolated from a h120-vaccinated chicken which showed disease suspected of ibv infection. neutralization testing showed that ck/ch/lzj/111113 was distinct from either the chinese predominant ibv lx4-type or mass-type vaccine strains. phylogenetic analysis confirmed that ck/ch/lzj/111113 is of the 4/91 type; however, further extensive analyses of full-length genomes identified occurrence of recombination events. therefore, ck/ch/lzj/11111 ... | 2013 | 23182435 |
| association of the chicken mhc b haplotypes with resistance to avian coronavirus. | clinical respiratory illness was compared in five homozygous chicken lines, originating from homozygous b2, b8, b12 and b19, and heterozygous b2/b12 birds after infection with either of two strains of the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). all chickens used in these studies originated from white leghorn and ancona linages. ibv gray strain infection of mhc homozygous b12 and b19 haplotype chicks resulted in severe respiratory disease compared to chicks with b2/b2 and b5/b5 haplotypes. demonstrati ... | 2013 | 23178407 |
| comparative analysis of four massachusetts type infectious bronchitis coronavirus genomes reveals a novel massachusetts type strain and evidence of natural recombination in the genome. | four massachusetts-type (mass-type) strains of infectious bronchitis coronavirus (ibv) were compared genetically with the pathogenic m41 and h120 vaccine strains using the complete genomic sequences. the results revealed that strains ck/ch/lnm/091017 and ck/ch/ldl/101212 were closely related to the h120 vaccine, which suggests that they might represent re-isolations of vaccine strains or variants of vaccine strains that have resulted from the accumulated point mutations after several passages in ... | 2013 | 23178317 |
| virulent avian infectious bronchitis virus, people's republic of china. | a virulent avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was isolated from 30-day-old broiler chickens that exhibited respiratory symptoms, nephropathologic lesions, and a high proportion of deaths in the people's republic of china during 2005. the strain, designated yn, was genetically and pathologically characterized. phylogenetic analysis showed that yn and most of the previously characterized ibv isolates found in china were phylogenetically classified into 2 main genetic clusters. the yn isolate ... | 2012 | 23171741 |
| complete genome sequence of an infectious bronchitis virus chimera between cocirculating heterotypic strains. | to date, multiple serotypes and genotypes of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) have been isolated and identified. in order to provide more information on the viral evolution of ibvs, a new virulent strain named gx-nn09032, isolated from guangxi, china, in 2009, was sequenced, and phylogenetic and recombination analyses were conducted. furthermore, potential recombination events associated with gx-nn09032 were found in four ibv strains, including gx-yl5, dy07, ck/ch/sd09/005, tc07-2. the present ... | 2012 | 23166279 |
| complete genome sequence of a recombinant nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus strain in china. | recently, nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) outbreaks have occurred in commercial broiler flocks and have been associated with a high incidence and morbidity in china. the ck/ch/zhejiang/06/10 strain (ibv-yx10) was isolated from a 12-day-old broiler chicken in a flock of chickens with swollen speckled kidneys and distended ureters filled with uric acid in china in 2010. here we reported the complete genomic sequence of the ibv-yx10 which was a natural recombinant nephropathogeni ... | 2012 | 23166232 |
| evolution of infectious bronchitis virus in taiwan: positively selected sites in the nucleocapsid protein and their effects on rna-binding activity. | rna recombination has been shown to underlie the sporadic emergence of new variants of coronavirus, including the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), a highly contagious avian pathogen. we have demonstrated that rna recombination can give rise to a new viral population, supported by the finding that most isolated taiwanese (tw) ibvs, similar to chinese (ch) ibvs, exhibit a genetic rearrangement with the american (us) ibv at the 5' end of the nucleocapsid (n) gene. here, we further show that posit ... | 2013 | 23159091 |
| avian infectious bronchitis and deep pectoral myopathy - a case control study. | infectious bronchitis is caused by a coronavirus, infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). infectious bronchitis is an acute and highly contagious disease of economic importance due to the reduction in weight gain observed with infected broilers and the drop in egg quality and production associated with infected laying hens. the presence of deep pectoral myopathy has been associated with ibv variants. this lesion is detected at slaughterhouses and is characterized by paleness and atrophy of the deep p ... | 2012 | 23155012 |
| fine level epitope mapping and conservation analysis of two novel linear b-cell epitopes of the avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus nucleocapsid protein. | the nucleocapsid (n) protein of the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) may play an essential role in the replication and translation of viral rna. the n protein can also induce high titers of cross-reactive antibodies and cell-mediated immunity, which protects chickens from acute infection. in this study, we generated two monoclonal antibodies (mabs), designated as 6d10 and 4f10, which were directed against the n protein of ibv using the whole viral particles as immunogens. both of the mabs do no ... | 2013 | 23123213 |
| identification of three h-2k(d) restricted ctl epitopes of ns4a and ns4b protein from yellow fever 17d vaccine. | in this study, 12 nonamers derived from the nonstructural protein ns4a and ns4b of a chinese attenuated yellow fever 17d (yf-17d) vaccine strain were screened for their ability to elicit a recall interferon-γ (ifn-γ) response from the splenocytes of balb/c mice following dna vaccination and a booster vaccination with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing ns4a or ns4b protein. three peptides (amino acid residues s(106)yimliffv from ns4a protein and v(43)yvgivtml and l(174)ylllalsl from ns4b prote ... | 2013 | 23123122 |
| qx-like infectious bronchitis virus isolated from cases of proventriculitis in commercial broilers in england. | 2012 | 23118050 | |
| sequence analysis of infectious bronchitis virus isolates from the 1960s in the united states. | to better understand the molecular epidemiology of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in the united states following the introduction of commercial ibv vaccines, we sequenced the s1 and n structural protein genes of thirteen ibv field isolates collected in the 1960s. analysis of the s1 sequence showed that seven isolates were of the massachusetts (mass) genotype, five were se17, and one was of the connecticut (conn) genotype, suggesting that these three ibvs were circulating in commercial poultry ... | 2013 | 23065112 |
| detection of avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus type qx infection in switzerland. | infectious bronchitis, a disease of chickens caused by avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), leads to severe economic losses for the poultry industry worldwide. various attempts to control the virus based on vaccination strategies are performed. however, due to the emergence of novel genotypes, an effective control of the virus is hindered. in 1996, a novel viral genotype named ibv-qx was reported for the first time in qingdao, shandong province, china. the first appearance of an ... | 2012 | 23051829 |
| infectious bronchitis virus subpopulations in vaccinated chickens after challenge. | infectious bronchitis coronavirus (ibv) shows extensive genotypic and phenotypic variability. the evolutionary process involves generation of genetic diversity by mutations and recombination followed by replication of those phenotypes favored by selection. in the current study, we examined changes occurring in a wild arkansas (ark) challenge strain in chickens that were vaccinated either ocularly with commercially available attenuated arkdpi-derived vaccines or in ovo with a replication-defectiv ... | 2012 | 23050466 |
| genetic diversity and selection regulates evolution of infectious bronchitis virus. | conventional and molecular epidemiologic studies have confirmed the ability of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) to rapidly evolve and successfully circumvent extensive vaccination programs implemented since the early 1950s. ibv evolution has often been explained as variation in gene frequencies as if evolution were driven by genetic drift alone. however, the mechanisms regulating the evolution of ibv include both the generation of genetic diversity and the selection process. ibv's generation of ... | 2012 | 23050459 |
| expression of avian infectious bronchitis virus multi-epitope based peptide epic in lactococcus lactis for oral immunization of chickens. | the avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) multi-epitope based peptide epic was found to be effective in inducing strong humoral and cellular responses against ibv. in this study, the gene epic was introduced into lactococcus lactis nz3900, and three recombinant strains expressing epic in intracellular and extracellular forms were constructed. sds-page and western blot results indicated that epic was successfully expressed and had good immunoreactivity with chicken anti-ibv serum. fusion of the ... | 2012 | 23047098 |
| circulation of qx-like infectious bronchitis virus in the middle east. | 2012 | 23042850 | |
| effect of infection route and concurrent infectious bronchitis virus vaccination on mycoplasma gallisepticum disease pathology in an experimental model. | the study of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) infection is needed, not only to understand the disease process but also to understand the mechanisms by which mg vaccines protect the host. many model systems have been used to study the mg disease process. this work compared two different routes of infection (intratracheal versus eye drop) in commercial pullets, looking for differences in the pathology (air sac and tracheal lesion scores, and tracheal mucosal thickness) and the humoral immune response ... | 2012 | 23025670 |
| establishment of reverse genetics system for infectious bronchitis virus attenuated vaccine strain h120. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strain h120 was successfully rescued as infectious clone by reverse genetics. thirteen 1.5-2.8 kb fragments contiguously spanning the virus genome were amplified and cloned into pmd19-t. transcription grade complete length cdna was acquired by a modified "no see'm" ligation strategy, which employed restriction enzyme bsa i and bsmb i and ligated more than two fragments in one t4 ligase reaction. the full-length genomic cdna was transcribed and its transcript was ... | 2013 | 22999521 |
| characterization of cellular furin content as a potential factor determining the susceptibility of cultured human and animal cells to coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus infection. | in previous studies, the beaudette strain of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was adapted from chicken embryo to vero, a monkey kidney cell line, by serial propagation for 65 passages. to characterize the susceptibility of other human and animal cells to ibv, 15 human and animal cell lines were infected with the vero-adapted ibv and productive infection was observed in four human cell lines: h1299, hepg2, hep3b and huh7. in other cell lines, the virus cannot be propagated beyond pas ... | 2012 | 22995191 |
| bioinformatics and evolutionary insight on the spike glycoprotein gene of qx-like and massachusetts strains of infectious bronchitis virus. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a gammacoronavirus of the family coronaviridae and is a causative agent of an economically important disease in poultry. the spike glycoprotein of ibv is essential for host cell attachment, neutralization, and is involved in the induction of protective immunity. previously obtained sequence data of the spike gene of ibv qx-like and massachusetts strains were subjected to bioinformatics analysis. | 2012 | 22992336 |
| development of fpv140 antigen-specific elisa differentiating fowlpox virus isolates from all other viral pathogens of avian origin. | the fpv140 gene encodes an envelope protein of fowlpox virus (fpv). in this study, the fpv140 gene of fpv chinese isolate hh2008 was cloned and the comparison of its sequence with other fpv isolates showed it to be highly conserved across all fpv isolates. a recombinant plasmid pet-fpv140 carrying fpv140 gene was constructed and transformed into escherichia coli. the optimal expression condition for the fpv140 gene was developed and purified fpv140 recombinant protein was used to produce rabbit ... | 2012 | 22991535 |
| complete genome sequences of two chinese virulent avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus variants. | avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is variable, which causes many serotypes. here we reported the complete genome sequences of two virulent ibv variants from china, gx-yl5 and gx-yl9, belonging to different serotypes. differences between gx-yl5 and gx-yl9 were found mainly in stem-loop structure i in the predicted rna secondary structure of open reading frame (orf) 1b and the s protein gene fusion region, which will help us understand the molecular evolutionary mechanism of ibv ... | 2012 | 22966194 |
| d1466-like genotype of infectious bronchitis virus responsible for a new epidemic in chickens in poland. | 2012 | 22903901 | |
| avian coronavirus spike glycoprotein ectodomain shows a low codon adaptation to gallus gallus with virus-exclusive codons in strategic amino acids positions. | this is a study on the avian coronavirus ibv and chicken host-relationship from the codon usage point of view based on fifty-nine non-redundant ibv s1 sequences (nt 1-507) from strains detected worldwide and chicken tissue-specific protein genes sequences from ibv-replicating sites. the effective number of codons (enc) values ranged from 36 to 47.8, indicating a high-to-moderate codon usage bias. the highest ibv codon adaptation index (cai) value was 0.7, indicating a distant virus versus host s ... | 2012 | 22903606 |
| emergence of a novel genotype of avian infectious bronchitis virus in egypt. | five avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) isolates were isolated from broiler chickens showing respiratory and renal lesions. the isolated strains were characterized by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis of the hypervariable region 3 of the s1 spike glycoprotein gene. three out of five isolates formed a distinct phylogenetic group with the egypt/beni-suef/01 variant (var 1). two of the five isolates showed 89 and 84 % amino acid sequence identity and 89 and ... | 2012 | 22903394 |
| effects of chicken anaemia virus and infectious bursal disease virus-induced immunodeficiency on infectious bronchitis virus replication and genotypic drift. | we followed changes in a portion of the s1 gene sequence of the dominant populations of an infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) arkansas (ark) vaccine strain during serial passage in chickens infected with the immunosuppressive chicken anaemia virus (cav) and/or infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) as well as in immunocompetent chickens. the ibv-ark vaccine was applied ocularly and tears were collected from infected chickens for subsequent ocular inoculation in later passages. the experiment was ... | 2012 | 22897690 |
| infectious bronchitis virus nucleoprotein specific ctl response is generated prior to serum igg. | infectious bronchitis (ib) is an acute and highly contagious viral respiratory disease of chickens. to understand the kinetics and relationships between the humoral (ab) and antigen specific t cell immunity as well as pathological changes during infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) infection and immunization, one-week-old spf chickens were vaccinated with live ibv h52 strain and challenged with ibv m41 15 days post primary infection. chickens were sacrificed every 3 days to monitor antigen specific ... | 2012 | 22835899 |
| expression and purification of coronavirus envelope proteins using a modified β-barrel construct. | coronavirus envelope (e) proteins are short (~100 residues) polypeptides that contain at least one transmembrane (tm) domain and a cluster of 2-3 juxtamembrane cysteines. these proteins are involved in viral morphogenesis and tropism, and their absence leads in some cases to aberrant virions, or to viral attenuation. in common to other viroporins, coronavirus envelope proteins increase membrane permeability to ions. although an nmr-based model for the tm domain of the e protein in the severe acu ... | 2012 | 22819936 |
| recent progress in studies of arterivirus- and coronavirus-host interactions. | animal coronaviruses, such as infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), and arteriviruses, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), are able to manifest highly contagious infections in their specific native hosts, thereby arising in critical economic damage to animal industries. this review discusses recent progress in studies of virus-host interactions during animal and human coronavirus and arterivirus infections, with emphasis on ibv-host cell interactions. these interact ... | 2012 | 22816036 |
| co-infection of broilers with ornithobacterium rhinotracheale and h9n2 avian influenza virus. | since 2008, a progressive pneumonia has become prevalent in broilers and laying hens. this disease occurrs the first day after hatching and lasts more than 30 days, resulting in approximately 70% morbidity and 30% mortality in broilers. the objective of this study was to isolate and identify the pathogens that are responsible for the progressive pneumonia and establish an animal model for drug screening. | 2012 | 22748160 |
| the long view: 40 years of infectious bronchitis research. | the remit of this review is to provide the non-specialist reader of avian pathology with an overview of research carried out on infectious bronchitis over the 40 years since the journal was first published. in order to do this, we felt it necessary to summarize the knowledge acquired previously, since the since the disease was first identified in the 1930s. infectious bronchitis virus is a significant pathogen in the domestic chicken, affecting the respiratory and renal systems as well as the fe ... | 2012 | 22702451 |
| purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of nonstructural protein 2 (nsp2) from avian infectious bronchitis virus. | avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a member of the group iii coronaviruses, which differ from the other groups of coronaviruses in that they do not encode the essential pathogenic factor nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) and instead start with nsp2. ibv nsp2 is one of the first replicase proteins to be translated and processed in the viral life cycle; however, it has an entirely unknown function. in order to better understand the structural details and functional mechanism of ibv nsp2, the ... | 2012 | 22684079 |
| application of purified recombinant antigenic spike fragments to the diagnosis of avian infectious bronchitis virus infection. | the spike (s) protein, containing two subunits, s1 and s2, is the major immunity-eliciting antigen of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), a highly contagious disease of chickens. several immunogenic regions, mainly located within the s1 subunit, have been identified. nonetheless, these immune-dominant regions were defined using selected monoclonal antibodies or using a short peptide approach that involves only certain limited regions of the s protein. in addition, some immune-dominant regio ... | 2012 | 22627759 |