Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| computational identification of post-translational modification sites and functional families reveal possible moonlighting role of rotaviral proteins. | rotavirus (rv) diarrhoea causes huge number deaths in children less than 5 years of age. in spite of available vaccines, it has been difficult to combat rv due to large number of antigenically distinct genotypes, high mutation rates, generation of reassortant viruses due to segmented genome. rv is an eukaryotic virus which utilizes host cell machinery for its propagation. since rv only encodes 12 proteins, post-translational modification (ptm) is important mechanism for modification, which conse ... | 2010 | 20975908 |
| variable doses of vaccines according to age. | 2010 | 20972293 | |
| the uptake of rotavirus vaccine and its effectiveness in preventing acute gastroenteritis in the community. | we examined the uptake of rotavirus vaccine and its effectiveness in preventing acute gastroenteritis (age) in the community. data on rotavirus vaccines purchases and age were extracted from the computerized database of a large health maintenance organization in israel. the incidence of age requiring a physician visit during 2008-09 rotavirus season among vaccinated and non-vaccinated children were compared, and vaccine effectiveness was calculated as: (1-relative risk)×100. during the study per ... | 2010 | 20969927 |
| hospitalisation for rotavirus gastroenteritis in the paediatric population in the veneto region, italy. | this study evaluates the epidemiological impact of rvge hospitalisation in the veneto region during the period spanning from 2000-2007 along with the associated costs. the analysis was conducted in an area where rotavirus vaccination is not included into immunization programmes and is an attempt to assess the potential benefits of such introduction. | 2010 | 20969755 |
| hydrophobic polycationic coatings disinfect poliovirus and rotavirus solutions. | coating surfaces with n-alkylated polyethylenimines (peis), namely branched n,n-hexyl,methyl-pei via covalent attachment to glass or linear n,n-dodecyl,methyl-pei by physical deposition ("painting") onto polyethylene, enables the resultant materials to quickly and efficiently disinfect aqueous solutions of (non-enveloped) poliovirus and rotavirus. | 2010 | 20967804 |
| rotavirus-associated colitis in a six-month-old baby. | 2010 | 20958865 | |
| nitazoxanide use in rota viral diarrhea. cure or controversy? | 2010 | 20949335 | |
| molecular characterization of equine rotaviruses circulating in argentinean foals during a 17-year surveillance period (1992-2008). | p[12]g3 and p[12]g14 equine rotaviruses (ervs) are epidemiologically important in horses. in argentina, the prevalent erv strains have been historically p[12]g3. the aim of this study was the detection and characterization of erv strains circulating in foals in argentina during a 17-year study (1992-2008). additionally, the gene sequences of vp7, vp4 and nsp4 encoding genes of representative argentinean erv strains were determined and phylogenetic analyses were performed to elucidate the evoluti ... | 2010 | 20943330 |
| [rotavirus]. | 2010 | 20942079 | |
| diarrhea in children: etiology and clinical aspects. | the aim of this paper was to determine the etiology of diarrhea in children with an age <5 years hospitalised for acute enteritis and to evidence the prevalent clinical aspects in correlation of different etiology agents. | 2010 | 20940668 |
| dual selection mechanisms drive efficient single-gene reverse genetics for rotavirus. | current methods for engineering the segmented double-stranded rna genome of rotavirus (rv) are limited by inefficient recovery of the recombinant virus. in an effort to expand the utility of rv reverse genetics, we developed a method to recover recombinant viruses in which independent selection strategies are used to engineer single-gene replacements. we coupled a mutant sa11 rv encoding a temperature-sensitive (ts) defect in the nsp2 protein with rnai-mediated degradation of nsp2 mrnas to isola ... | 2010 | 20937889 |
| improvement of recombinant protein production by an anti-apoptotic protein from hemolymph of lonomia obliqua. | apoptosis is a major problem in animal cell culture during production of biopharmaceuticals, such as recombinant proteins or viral particles. in the present work baculovirus-insect cell expression system (bevs/ic) is used as model to produce rotavirus like-particles, composed by three layers of three different viral proteins (vp2, vp6 and vp7). in this model baculovirus infection also induces host cell death. herein a new strategy to enhance cell life span and to increase recombinant rotavirus p ... | 2010 | 20936342 |
| rapid generation of rotavirus-specific human monoclonal antibodies from small-intestinal mucosa. | the gut mucosal surface is efficiently protected by abs, and this site represents one of the richest compartments of ab-secreting cells in the body. a simple and effective method to generate ag-specific human monoclonal abs (hmabs) from such cells is lacking. in this paper, we describe a method to generate hmabs from single ag-specific iga- or igm-secreting cells of the intestinal mucosa. we found that cd138-positive plasma cells from the duodenum expressed surface iga or igm. using egfp-labeled ... | 2010 | 20935207 |
| genomic characterization of human rotavirus g10 strains from the african rotavirus network: relationship to animal rotaviruses. | global rotavirus surveillance has led to the detection of many unusual human rotavirus (hrv) genotypes. the aim of this study was to elucidate the genetic and evolutionary relationships of short fragments of all 11 gene segments of g10 hrv strains identified in west africa through the african rotavirus network (arn) system. during 1998-2004 surveillance within the arn, we identified 5 g10 p[8] hrv strains. fragments of all 11 gene segments of these g10 strains were sequenced. phylogenetic and se ... | 2010 | 20934537 |
| dynamic model of rotavirus transmission and the impact of rotavirus vaccination in kyrgyzstan. | new rotavirus vaccines show promise to reduce the burden of severe diarrhea among children in developing countries. we present an age-specific dynamic rotavirus model to assess the effect of rotavirus vaccination in kyrgyzstan, a country in central asia that is eligible for funds from the gavi alliance. a routine rotavirus vaccination program at 95% coverage and 54% effectiveness against severe infection is estimated to lead to a 56% reduction in rotavirus-associated deaths and a 50% reduction i ... | 2010 | 20933563 |
| adenovirus infection mimics the cerebellitis caused by rotavirus infection. | 2010 | 20931229 | |
| handling uncertainty in dynamic transmission models. | 2010 | 20888874 | |
| [verotoxin as a major laboratory criterion for escherichia coli o157-induced enteric infection complicated by hemolytic uremic syndrome in infants in the omsk region]. | the paper presents the results of etiological interpretation of the outbreak of escherichia coli o157-induced enteric infection complicated by hemolytic uremic syndrome in omsk in spring 2009. seventeen infants aged 5 months to 2.5 years were examined; of them 9 patients were on hemodialysis. the diagnosis was verified in 7 children, by isolating verotoxin after fecal enrichment on the concentrating nutrient rida enrichment bouillon medium containing bile salts and mitomycin c, e. coli o157:h7 c ... | 2010 | 20886723 |
| [benign afebrile seizures in rotavirus gastroenteritis]. | benign afebrile seizures associated with mild gastroenteritis and normal serum electrolytes are often described in asian infants under the name of convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (cwg). herein, we report 3 cases of cwg that occurred in caucasian children. clinical features and outcomes are described and the cases reported in the literature are reviewed. the cwg syndrome is now recognized as a distinct entity characterized by the following criteria: (1) it occurs in previously healthy 6-mon ... | 2010 | 20884185 |
| changes in childhood diarrhea incidence in nicaragua following 3 years of universal infant rotavirus immunization. | although the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine was highly efficacious against rotavirus diarrhea in clinical trials, the effectiveness of vaccine under field conditions in the developing world is unclear. in october 2006, nicaragua became the first developing nation to implement universal infant immunization with the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine. to assess the effect of the immunization program, we examined the incidence of diarrhea episodes between 2003 and 2009 among children in the state of león ... | 2011 | 20881511 |
| molecular characterization of unusual bovine group a rotavirus g8p[14] strains identified in western india: emergence of p[14] genotype. | a total of 78 fecal specimens were collected from both apparently healthy (n=71) and diarrheic (n=7) cattle from an organized farm in pune, western india in december 2007-january 2008. three specimens tested positive for group a rotavirus (rv) by antigen capture elisa were subjected to rt-pcr for amplification of entire coding regions of three structural (vp4, vp6 and vp7) and one nonstructural (nsp4) genes. all three strains were genotyped as g8p[14]. phylogenetic analysis of the vp7 and vp4 ge ... | 2010 | 20880637 |
| prospective surveillance of nosocomial viral infections during and after hospitalization at a university children's hospital. | in switzerland 5% to 10% of hospitalized adults acquire nosocomial infections (ni) but few data are available in children. most former studies on ni in hospitalized children analyzed specific units or pathogens and neglected the postdischarge period. we aimed to prospectively assess viral ni occurring during and shortly after hospitalization in children. | 2010 | 20879093 |
| determination of g and p type diversity of group a rotaviruses in faecal samples of diarrhoeic calves in kashmir, india. | to determine the genetic diversity of group a rotaviruses in bovine calves in kashmir, india. | 2010 | 20875036 |
| emerging norovirus gii.4 2008 variant detected in hospitalised paediatric patients in south africa. | noroviruses (novs) are important enteric pathogens that cause gastroenteritis worldwide. the first documented nov outbreaks in south africa (sa) were described in 1993. the current nov prevalence and circulating genotypes are unknown. sa lacks nov outbreak reporting systems and therefore the number and impact of nov infections is underestimated. | 2010 | 20869912 |
| prevalence and factors associated with rotavirus infection among children admitted with acute diarrhea in uganda. | rotavirus remains the commonest cause of severe dehydrating diarrhea among children worldwide. children in developing countries die more because of several factors including poorer access to hydration therapy and greater prevalence of malnutrition. hitherto, the magnitude of rotavirus disease in uganda has remained unknown. this study was therefore done to determine the prevalence and factors associated with rotavirus infection among children aged 3-59 months admitted with acute diarrhea to paed ... | 2010 | 20868488 |
| hybridization properties of long nucleic acid probes for detection of variable target sequences, and development of a hybridization prediction algorithm. | one of the main problems in nucleic acid-based techniques for detection of infectious agents, such as influenza viruses, is that of nucleic acid sequence variation. dna probes, 70-nt long, some including the nucleotide analog deoxyribose-inosine (dinosine), were analyzed for hybridization tolerance to different amounts and distributions of mismatching bases, e.g. synonymous mutations, in target dna. microsphere-linked 70-mer probes were hybridized in 3m tmac buffer to biotinylated single-strande ... | 2010 | 20864443 |
| the percentage of nosocomial-related out of total hospitalizations for rotavirus gastroenteritis and its association with hand hygiene compliance. | because the absolute numbers of both community-acquired and nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis (rvge) vary, we studied the percentage of hospitalizations for rvge that were transmitted nosocomially as an indicator of in-hospital acquisition of the infection. in a 4-year prospective study, the percentage of nosocomial rvge declined steadily, from 20.3% in 2003 to 12.7% in 2006 (p = .001). concomitantly, the rate of compliance with hand hygiene increased from 33.7% to 49% (p = .012), with a sign ... | 2011 | 20864220 |
| effectiveness of rotavirus vaccine in preventing hospitalization due to rotavirus gastroenteritis in young children in connecticut, usa. | rotavirus vaccine was recommended for use in us infants to prevent rotavirus gastroenteritis (rge) in february 2006. this matched case control study assessed the effectiveness of rotavirus vaccine in preventing hospitalization of young. cases were vaccine-eligible children 8 weeks-3 years of age, hospitalized due to laboratory-confirmed rge. cases (n=42) were matched to 2 control groups: (a) hospitalized controls (n=80): children hospitalized for reasons other than rge, matched to the cases by a ... | 2010 | 20851087 |
| rotavirus incidence and genotype distribution before and after national rotavirus vaccine introduction in belgium. | rotarix™ was introduced into the belgian market in 2006 and rotateq™ in 2007, quickly reaching more than 85% vaccine coverage of all newborns in belgium. the incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis has been monitored in the gasthuisberg university hospital (guh), belgium since 1986, and since 1999 the genotypes of circulating rotavirus strains have been determined. the average percentage of rotavirus positive cases out of all hospitalized gastro-enteritis cases tested (>95% of these cases are you ... | 2010 | 20851085 |
| in vitro anti-rotavirus activity of polyphenol compounds isolated from the roots of glycyrrhiza uralensis. | we evaluated the ability of six polyphenols isolated from the roots of glycyrrhiza uralensis to inactivate rotaviruses, specially g5p[7] and g8p[7]. upon finding that all polyphenols possessed anti-rotavirus activity, we evaluated whether these properties were attributable to direct inhibition of the binding of rotavirus to cells and/or to inhibition of viral replication. using the virucidal assay, we found that all six compounds directly inhibited rotavirus binding, with activity being dependen ... | 2010 | 20850329 |
| [toward the elimination of rotavirus gastroenteritis by universal vaccination]. | rotavirus is the most important cause of severe gastroenteritis in children worldwide, and is most effectively controlled by vaccines. the strategic advisory group of experts (sage) of the world health organization (who) recommended, in 2009, the inclusion of rotavirus vaccination of infants into all national immunization programs. two, live, orally-administrable vaccines are licensed globally. they are rotarix, a g1p[8] monovalent, human rotavirus-based vaccine (glaxosmithkline), and rotateq, a ... | 2010 | 20848863 |
| [sequence the complete sequence of bocavirus i with sispa-pcr]. | to sequence the complete sequence of bocavirus i with sequence independent single primer amplification (sispa-pcr). | 2010 | 20848839 |
| [analysis on epidemiologic characteristics of viral diarrhea among infants in taiyuan, shanxi province, 2007-2008]. | to study the epidemiologic characteristics of virus-induced acute diarrhea in children under 5 years old in taiyuan, shanxi province. | 2010 | 20848837 |
| [study on the epidemiological of rotavirus diarrhea in lulong in 2008-2009]. | to analyze the feature of epidemiological of rotavirus diarrhea in lulong county, hebei province. | 2010 | 20848835 |
| national, state, and local area vaccination coverage among children aged 19-35 months --- united states, 2009. | since 1994, the national immunization survey (nis) has been collecting data to monitor childhood immunization coverage. this report describes the 2009 nis coverage estimates for children born during january 2006--july 2008 and focuses on the more recently recommended vaccines (i.e., hepatitis b [hepb] vaccine birth dose, hepatitis a vaccine [hepa], pneumococcal conjugate vaccine [pcv], and rotavirus vaccine) for children aged 19--35 months. the most recent nis data indicate that vaccination cove ... | 2010 | 20847720 |
| an update to "the cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination: comparative analyses for five european countries and transferability in europe". | a cost-effectiveness analysis of rotavirus vaccination in belgium, england and wales, finland, france and the netherlands published in 2009 was updated based on recent studies on rotavirus burden of disease and vaccine efficacy. all the qualitative conclusions in the previous study were found to remain valid. vaccination remains cost-effective in finland only when using plausible tender prices. | 2010 | 20846529 |
| outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in young children with death due to rotavirus genotype g9 in rio branco, brazilian amazon region, 2005. | an epidemic of acute gastroenteritis occurred in rio branco city, acre state, in brazil's amazon region in 2005. an investigation was conducted to confirm the etiology and identify possible risk factors for death. | 2010 | 20843719 |
| primary care-based surveillance to estimate the burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis among children aged less than 5 years in six european countries. | this observational, prospective study was undertaken to estimate the burden of rotavirus (rv) gastroenteritis (ge) leading to general practitioner (gp)/family paediatrician (fp) visits among children aged <5 years in czech republic, germany, italy, poland, spain and the uk. children aged <5 years presenting with acute ge provided stool samples for rapid rv testing. rv+ samples were confirmed and typed by rt-pcr. demographic and clinical data were collected for all rvge episodes. transmission pat ... | 2011 | 20842379 |
| safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of human rotavirus vaccine rix4414 in human immunodeficiency virus-positive infants in south africa. | rotavirus and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infections are a cause of great public health concern in developing countries. the current study evaluated the safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of rix4414 vaccine in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic (clinical stages i and ii according to who classification) hiv-infected south african infants. | 2011 | 20842070 |
| racial disparities in diarrhea-associated hospitalizations among children in five us states, before and after introduction of rotavirus vaccine. | racial differences in diarrheal disease have not been systematically examined, and the impact of rotavirus vaccine on these differences has not been assessed. we compared diarrhea-associated hospitalizations by race/ethnicity among children <5 years pre- (2000-2006) and post- (2007 and 2008) rotavirus vaccine introduction in five us states. pre-vaccine hospitalization rates were greater among whites versus blacks and hispanics. however, black (versus non-black) infants <6 months and white (versu ... | 2010 | 20837080 |
| comment on the contribution by weycker et al., "cost of routine immunization of young children against rotavirus infection with rotarix ® versus rotateq ®". | 2010 | 20831915 | |
| diagnosis of viral gastroenteritis by simultaneous detection of adenovirus group f, astrovirus, rotavirus group a, norovirus genogroups i and ii, and sapovirus in two internally controlled multiplex real-time pcr assays. | norovirus, rotavirus group a, astrovirus, sapovirus and adenovirus serotypes 40 and 41, are common causes of gastroenteritis. conventional diagnosis of these causative agents is based on antigen detection and electron microscopy. | 2010 | 20829103 |
| comparison of viral load and duration of virus shedding in symptomatic and asymptomatic neonatal rotavirus infections. | a single rotavirus strain causing asymptomatic infections as well as severe gastrointestinal disease has been described in the neonatal nurseries of the christian medical college, vellore. in this study, quantitative real-time rt-pcr was used to determine the association of viral load with the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms in neonates. viral load was estimated in terms of the crossing point [c(t) value] at which the amplicon could be detected in the real-time pcr assay. the study was car ... | 2010 | 20827780 |
| multiple-gene characterization of rotavirus strains: evidence of genetic linkage among the vp7-, vp4-, vp6-, and nsp4-encoding genes. | a total of 162 rotavirus strains detected between 1996 and 2006 among individuals with diarrhea in rio de janeiro, brazil, were analyzed by multiple-gene genotyping. characterization of strains was done by rt-pcr assay for amplification and typing of the vp7-, vp4-, vp6-, and nsp4-encoding genes. overall, 139 (85.8%) strains belonged to the common group a rotavirus combinations: 67 (41.4%) belonged to genotype g1-p[8]-i1-e1; 18 (11.1%) were g2-p[4]-i2-e2; 11 (6.8%) were g3-p[8]-i1-e1; 12 (7.4%) ... | 2010 | 20827779 |
| vigor, an annotation program for small viral genomes. | the decrease in cost for sequencing and improvement in technologies has made it easier and more common for the re-sequencing of large genomes as well as parallel sequencing of small genomes. it is possible to completely sequence a small genome within days and this increases the number of publicly available genomes. among the types of genomes being rapidly sequenced are those of microbial and viral genomes responsible for infectious diseases. however, accurate gene prediction is a challenge that ... | 2010 | 20822531 |
| synthesis of double-layered rotavirus-like particles using internal ribosome entry site vector system in stably-transformed drosophila melanogaster. | we established a bicistronic expression system using an encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv)-derived internal ribosomal entry site (ires) element to generate stably transformed drosophila melanogaster schneider 2 (s2) cells expressing human rotavirus wa capsid proteins, vp2 and vp6, for the synthesis of vp2/6 double-layered virus-like particle (dvlp). the emcv-derived ires permitted bicistronic translation of recombinant vp6. recombinant vp2 and vp6 were detected in extracellular fractions of stabl ... | 2011 | 20820877 |
| burden on uk secondary care of rotavirus disease and seasonal infections in children. | rotavirus is a common infection affecting children under 5 years, which leads to a significant disease burden. this burden is potentially exacerbated by the seasonality of rotavirus, particularly in the context of the seasonality of other common childhood infections. the primary study objective was to describe the pattern and burden of seasonal infections amongst children under 5 years of age with particular attention placed on rotavirus and other gastrointestinal infections. | 2010 | 20818925 |
| pathogen inactivation during passage of stormwater through a constructed reedbed and aquifer transfer, storage and recovery. | a study was undertaken to determine the potential inactivation rates of selected enteric microorganisms in captured urban stormwater within a constructed reedbed and in tertiary carbonated aquifer during an aquifer storage, transfer and recovery (astr) scheme. the study was undertaken in-situ in the constructed reedbed and aquifer using diffusion chambers. the results showed that all tested bacteria had one log(10) reduction time of less than 6 and 2.5 days respectively in constructed reedbeds a ... | 2010 | 20818064 |
| [sybr green i real-time polymerase chain reaction for detection of norovirus ii in the shellfish]. | we set up an sybr green i real-time rt-pcr method for the detection of genogroup ii norovirus, and this method's primers were encompassed the conservative region of norovirus ii. the limit of the detection was 10(2) copies. the standard curve's linear range was 10(2)-10(6) copies, correlation coefficient was 0.9952, the slope was -2.982, and the intercept was 35.84. this method possessed specificity for genogroup ii norovirus, without any cross-reaction with rotavirus, adenovirus, hepatitis a vi ... | 2010 | 20815263 |
| feasibility study of 21-day-on/7-day-off temozolomide in children with brain tumors. | temozolomide (tmz) is an oral alkylating agent with proven antitumoral activity in preclinical and clinical studies in adults with high-grade glioma (hgg). however, only limited efficacy has been reported in children with hgg using the 5-day schedule. this study investigated the safety of administering tmz to children and adolescents with brain tumors over an extended period. extended schedules have been proven to overcome chemoresistance without any major toxicity. the toxicity of tmz, administ ... | 2011 | 20811928 |
| modeling nosocomial transmission of rotavirus in pediatric wards. | nosocomial transmission of viral and bacterial infections is a major problem worldwide, affecting millions of patients (and causing hundreds of thousands of deaths) per year. rotavirus infections affect most children worldwide at least once before age five. we present here deterministic and stochastic models for the transmission of rotavirus in a pediatric hospital ward and draw on published data to compare the efficacy of several possible control measures in reducing the number of infections du ... | 2011 | 20811781 |
| outbreak of neonatal gastroenteritis associated with astrovirus serotype 1 at a hospital in inner mongolia, china. | this report describes for the first time an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis among neonates associated with human astrovirus (hastv) serotype 1b at a maternity hospital in inner mongolia, china. of 40 specimens, 28 were astrovirus positive and rotavirus, calicivirus, and adenovirus negative. poor hygiene likely contributed to the spread and persistence of hastv in the neonatal care room. | 2010 | 20810774 |
| development of a bacillus subtilis-based rotavirus vaccine. | bacillus subtilis vaccine strains engineered to express either group a bovine or murine rotavirus vp6 were tested in adult mice for their ability to induce immune responses and provide protection against rotavirus challenge. mice were inoculated intranasally with spores or vegetative cells of the recombinant strains of b. subtilis. to enhance mucosal immunity, whole cholera toxin (ct) or a mutant form (r192g) of escherichia coli heat-labile toxin (mlt) were included as adjuvants. to evaluate vac ... | 2010 | 20810679 |
| rotavirus gastroenteritis in finnish children in 2006-2008, at the introduction of rotavirus vaccination. | rotaviruses (rv) are major causative agents of acute gastroenteritis (age) requiring hospitalization in children; rv hospitalizations may be largely eliminated by universal mass vaccination with rv vaccine. we conducted a hospital-based prospective survey of age in children over 2 rv epidemic seasons, from 2006 to 2008, when the coverage of rv vaccination in finland increased to 35% of the birth cohort. rvs were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). in the first s ... | 2011 | 20807022 |
| detection of rotavirus a in sewage samples using multiplex qpcr and an evaluation of the ultracentrifugation and adsorption-elution methods for virus concentration. | group a rotaviruses (rv-a) are the most common agents of viral gastroenteritis in children worldwide. the goal of this study was to compare two different methods to concentrate rv-a from sewage samples and to improve the detection and quantification of rv-a using a multiplex quantitative pcr assay with an internal control. both rv-a and the internal control virus, bacteriophage pp7, were seeded into wastewater and then concentrated using either an ultrafiltration-based adsorption-elution protoco ... | 2010 | 20804786 |
| sequential generalized likelihood ratio tests for vaccine safety evaluation. | the evaluation of vaccine safety involves pre-clinical animal studies, pre-licensure randomized clinical trials, and post-licensure safety studies. sequential design and analysis are of particular interest because they allow early termination of the trial or quick detection that the vaccine exceeds a prescribed bound on the adverse event rate. after a review of the recent developments in this area, we propose a new class of sequential generalized likelihood ratio tests for evaluating adverse eve ... | 2010 | 20799244 |
| the american society for virology--29th annual meeting. | the american society for virology 29th annual meeting, held in bozeman, mt, usa, included topics covering new vaccine technologies, delivery methods and treatments in the field of virology. this conference report highlights selected presentations on human norovirus (hunov), sars coronavirus and rift valley fever virus vaccine technologies; programmed cell death-1 (pd1) blockade and hyperacute alpha-gal platform technology methods; aerosol vaccination delivery; novel technologies to produce influ ... | 2010 | 20799142 |
| probiotics in the treatment of acute rotavirus diarrhoea. a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial using two different probiotic preparations in bolivian children. | evidence suggests that probiotics reduce rotavirus diarrhoea duration. although there are several probiotic strains potentially useful, daily practice is often limited by the type and number of products locally available. in general, information about combined products is scarce. in this study we compare the effect of two probiotic products in the treatment of diarrhoea in children less than 2 years of age. | 2010 | 20735858 |
| plasmon-induced inactivation of enteric pathogenic microorganisms with ag-agi/al2o3 under visible-light irradiation. | the plasmon-induced photocatalytic inactivation of enteric pathogenic microorganisms in water using ag-agi/al(2)o(3) under visible-light irradiation was investigated. the catalyst was found to be highly effective at killing shigella dysenteriae (s. dysenteriae), escherichia coli (e. coli), and human rotavirus type 2 wa (hrv-wa). its bactericidal efficiency was significantly enhanced by hco(3)(-) and so(4)(2-) ions, which are common in water, while phosphate had a slightly positive effect on the ... | 2010 | 20734989 |
| pentavalent rotavirus vaccine and prevention of gastroenteritis hospitalizations in australia. | a publicly funded, universal infant pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (rv5) program was implemented in queensland, australia, in mid-2007. we sought to assess vaccine effectiveness (ve) of 3 doses of rv5 at preventing rotavirus and nonrotavirus acute gastroenteritis (age) hospitalizations in the first birth cohort and impact on hospitalizations in all age groups. | 2010 | 20732946 |
| exploring model uncertainty in economic evaluation of health interventions: the example of rotavirus vaccination in vietnam. | motivated by observed discrepancies between 2 published studies on the cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in vietnam, the authors' objectives were to illustrate a specific, systematic approach to assessing model (structure and process) uncertainty and to quantify explicitly the contributions of different sources of variation in the outputs of different studies that share the same research question. | 2010 | 20729510 |
| estimating the primary etiologic agents in recreational freshwaters impacted by human sources of faecal contamination. | epidemiology studies of recreational waters have demonstrated that swimmers exposed to faecally-contaminated recreational waters are at risk of excess gastrointestinal illness. epidemiology studies provide valuable information on the nature and extent of health effects, the magnitude of risks, and how these risks are modified or associated with levels of faecal contamination and other measures of pollution. however, such studies have not provided information about the specific microbial agents t ... | 2010 | 20728915 |
| acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (sweet's syndrome) in a child, associated with a rotavirus infection: a case report. | abstract: | 2010 | 20727148 |
| production of human rotavirus and salmonella antigens in plants and elicitation of fljb-specific humoral responses in mice. | a nicotiana benthamiana transient expression system was used to express single antigen and dimeric combinations of the human rotavirus (hrv) vp7 and a truncated vp4 (vp4δ) proteins fused with salmonella typhimurium's flagellin fljb subunit. immunoblot analyses using rabbit antibodies generated against these proteins demonstrated that the constructs were successfully expressed with yields ranging from 0.85 to 31.97 μg of recombinant protein per gram of fresh leaf tissue. expressing the single and ... | 2011 | 20725806 |
| prevention of rotavirus infections in vitro with aqueous extracts of quillaja saponaria molina. | rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea disease in newborns and young children worldwide, estimated to be responsible for over 300,000 childhood deaths every year, mostly in developing countries. rotavirus-related deaths represent approximately 5% of all deaths in children younger than 5 years of age worldwide. saponins are readily soluble in water and are approved by the us fda for inclusion in beverages intended for human consumption. the addition of saponins to existing water suppli ... | 2010 | 20725585 |
| epidemiology of rotavirus infections in children less than 5 years of age: germany, 2001-2008. | rotavirus (rv) infection is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in young children worldwide. in 2006, 2 live-attenuated rv-vaccines became available for use in infants ≤ 6 months of age. in germany, a statutory notification system for rv infection has been in place since 2001 to monitor rv epidemiology. our objective was to assess rv disease burden in german children <5 years of age. | 2011 | 20724954 |
| multiplex semi-nested rt-pcr with exogenous internal control for simultaneous detection of bovine coronavirus and group a rotavirus. | neonatal calf diarrhea is a multi-etiology syndrome of cattle and direct detection of the two major agents of the syndrome, group a rotavirus and bovine coronavirus (bcov) is hampered by their fastidious growth in cell culture. this study aimed at developing a multiplex semi-nested rt-pcr for simultaneous detection of bcov (n gene) and group a rotavirus (vp1 gene) with the addition of an internal control (mrna nd5). the assay was tested in 75 bovine feces samples tested previously for rotavirus ... | 2010 | 20723564 |
| cholera toxin b subunit modulation of mucosal vaccines for infectious and autoimmune diseases. | parenteral vaccination is generally considered to be the most effective form of therapy for protection against infectious diseases. in recent years, vaccination at mucosal surfaces and combinatorial vaccination strategies that link immunostimulatory molecules to antigens have been developed to enhance vaccine efficacy. prominent among immunological enhancement strategies are the bacterial a and b toxins, which include the cholera toxin (ct)a and ctb subunits. in contrast to the toxic cta subunit ... | 2010 | 20721834 |
| improving the performance of enteric vaccines in the developing world. | vaccines against important enteric pathogens such as rotavirus and poliovirus have shown lower efficacy in some populations. the application of new technologies and diverse scientific disciplines are needed to realize the promise of truly universal and effective solutions to combat those and other enteric diseases. | 2010 | 20720580 |
| an inside job: subversion of the host secretory pathway by intestinal pathogens. | the cellular secretory pathway, composed of the endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, and cellular vesicles, mediates the intracellular trafficking of proteins and lipids. gastrointestinal pathogens frequently affect the functions of enterocytes, the differentiated cells involved in secretion and absorption of extracellular molecules. microbial pathogenesis can be enhanced by altering the trafficking of key molecules such as brush border enzymes, soluble immune mediators such as cytokines and ... | 2010 | 20717028 |
| cryptosporidium infection in herds with and without calf diarrhoeal problems. | a case-control study was designed to investigate the role of different cryptosporidium spp. in swedish dairy herds with and without calf diarrhoeal problems. faecal samples were collected from preweaned calves, young stock and cows. cryptosporidium oocysts were detected by sodium chloride flotation and epifluorescence microscopy. molecular diagnostics were used to identify cryptosporidium species. samples containing c. parvum were further analysed to determine subtypes. calf faecal samples were ... | 2010 | 20714750 |
| rotavirus and coeliac autoimmunity among adults with non-specific gastrointestinal symptoms. | to determine celiac disease (cd) serology and rotavirus (rv) by polymerase reaction (pcr) in adults with non-specific gastrointestinal complaints. | 2010 | 20714687 |
| prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants and children: rotavirus vaccine safety, efficacy, and potential impact of vaccines. | rotavirus infection is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis globally, with greater than 86% of deaths occurring in low-income and middle-income countries. there are two rotavirus vaccines currently licensed in the united states and prequalified by the world health organization. rv1 is a monovalent attenuated human rotavirus strain, given orally in two doses. rv5 is a pentavalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine, given orally in three doses. a third rotavirus vaccine, llv, is ... | 2010 | 20714358 |
| evaluation of the prevalence of enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis and the distribution bft gene subtypes in patients with diarrhea. | the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis (etbf) in the patients with diarrhea in our region and to assess the association between diarrhea and bft gene subtypes. the presence of etbf and bft gene subtypes were investigated in 200 stool samples from patients with diarrhea, diagnosed as gastroenteritis, which were sent to clinical microbiology laboratory at zonguldak karaelmas university, training and research hospital and in 200 stool samples f ... | 2010 | 20709181 |
| rotavirus genotypes co-circulating in europe between 2006 and 2009 as determined by eurorotanet, a pan-european collaborative strain surveillance network. | summaryeurorotanet, a laboratory network, was established in order to determine the diversity of co-circulating rotavirus strains in europe over three or more rotavirus seasons from 2006/2007 and currently includes 16 countries. this report highlights the tremendous diversity of rotavirus strains co-circulating in the european population during three years of surveillance since 2006/2007 and points to the possible origins of these strains including genetic reassortment and interspecies transmiss ... | 2011 | 20707941 |
| seasonal variation of enteropathogens in infants and preschoolers with acute diarrhea in western mexico. | the present study estimates the prevalence of some enteropathogens in infants and preschoolers with acute diarrhea. from 2006 to 2007, 5459 consecutive stool samples were evaluated. cryptosporidium parvum was the parasite identified with the higher frequency (5.1%), followed by giardia lamblia (1.2%). campylobacter jejuni was isolated in 858 cases (15.7%) and was the most frequent enteropathogen overall. the rates of c parvum, shigella, and salmonella were higher in the summer. rotavirus had the ... | 2010 | 20706147 |
| burden of paediatric rotavirus gastroenteritis (rvge) and potential benefits of a universal rotavirus vaccination programme with a pentavalent vaccine in spain. | rotavirus is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in young children worldwide. the aim of the study was to assess the health outcomes and the economic impact of a universal rotavirus vaccination programme with rotateq, the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine, versus no vaccination programme in spain. | 2010 | 20698958 |
| assessment of adenovirus, hepatitis a virus and rotavirus presence in environmental samples in florianopolis, south brazil. | to assess the presence of human adenovirus (hadv), hepatitis a (hav) virus and rotavirus a (rv-a) in environmental samples from the southern region of brazil and to provide viral contamination data for further epidemiological studies and governmental actions. | 2010 | 20698910 |
| nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis in pediatric patients: a multi-center prospective cohort study. | few data are available on the incidence of nosocomial rotavirus infections (nrvi) in pediatric hospitals and on their economic impact. the goals of this study were: to evaluate the incidence of nrvi in various italian pediatric wards during the course of two peak rv seasons; to investigate possible risk factors for nrvi; to estimate the costs caused by nrvi. | 2010 | 20696065 |
| acute pancreatitis due to rotavirus gastroenteritis in a child. | serum amylase can be elevated in various pathological conditions, but its primary application is as a biochemical test for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. acute gastroenteritis has not been widely recognized as a cause for hyperamylasemia and pancreatitis. | 2010 | 20693860 |
| rotavirus: realising the potential of a promising vaccine. | 2010 | 20692032 | |
| efficacy of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants in developing countries in asia: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. | rotavirus vaccine has proved effective for prevention of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants in developed countries, but no efficacy studies have been done in developing countries in asia. we assessed the clinical efficacy of live oral pentavalent rotavirus vaccine for prevention of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants in bangladesh and vietnam. | 2010 | 20692031 |
| efficacy of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants in developing countries in sub-saharan africa: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. | rotavirus gastroenteritis causes many deaths in infants in sub-saharan africa. because rotavirus vaccines have proven effective in developed countries but had not been tested in developing countries, we assessed efficacy of a pentavalent rotavirus vaccine against severe disease in ghana, kenya, and mali between april, 2007, and march, 2009. | 2010 | 20692030 |
| a novel rt-multiplex pcr for detection of aichi virus, human parechovirus, enteroviruses, and human bocavirus among infants and children with acute gastroenteritis. | a novel reverse transcription-multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay was developed to detect aichi virus, human parechovirus, enteroviruses, and human bocavirus. a mixture of four pairs of published specific primers, 6261 and 6779, ev22(+) and ev22(-), f1 and r1, 188f and 542r, was used to amplify the viral genomes and specifically generate four different amplicon sizes of 519, 270, 440, and 354 bp for aichi virus, human parechovirus, enteroviruses, and human bocavirus, respectively. a total ... | 2010 | 20691209 |
| reversible cytotoxic oedema in the splenium of the corpus callosum related to tetracycline therapy. | we report a symptomatic girl with reversible circumscribed cytotoxic oedema in the splenium of the corpus callosum (cc) that occurred, to our knowledge, for the first time in relation to tetracycline treatment. after stopping tetracycline therapy the girl recovered completely and the cc lesion, clearly visible on diffusion-weighted mr imaging (dwi), disappeared. reversible circumscribed cytotoxic oedema (cco) of the splenium of the cc is a well-defined entity that is found to be associated with ... | 2010 | 20689948 |
| rotavirus genotypes in costa rica, nicaragua, honduras and the dominican republic. | in this study, 574 stool samples from children with gastroenteritis were obtained from different hospitals in costa rica, honduras, nicaragua and the dominican republic during 2005-2006. diarrhea stool samples were analyzed for rotavirus (rv) by elisa and typed by the rt-pcr-based method. unusual strains were detected: g1p6, g2p8, g3p6, g9p4, and mixed infections. recent studies have indicated that unusual human rv strains are emerging as global strains, which has important implications for effe ... | 2011 | 20689317 |
| antibodies to pathogenic livestock viruses in a wild vicuña (vicugna vicugna) population in the argentinean andean altiplano. | serum samples from 128 wild vicuñas (vicugna vicugna) were tested for antibodies (ab) to rotavirus (rv), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (bpiv-3), bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv-1), foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), bluetongue virus (btv), equine herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1), and influenza a virus equine (eiv). samples were collected in cieneguillas province of jujuy, in northern argentina. feces from 44 vicuñas were also collected to investigate rv shedding. llamas (la ... | 2010 | 20688660 |
| molecular and clinical characterization of rotavirus from diarrheal infants admitted to pediatric emergency units in france. | rotaviruses are the major cause of acute gastroenteritis in young children worldwide, and require careful surveillance, especially in the context of vaccination programs. prospective surveillance is required to monitor and characterize rotavirus infections, including viral and clinical data, and to detect the emergence of potentially epidemic strains. | 2011 | 20686439 |
| comparison of 2 different regimens for reactogenicity, safety, and immunogenicity of the live attenuated oral rotavirus vaccine rix4414 coadministered with oral polio vaccine in south african infants. | a phase ii, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted in south africa during 2003-2004 to evaluate the safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of 2 regimens of the live attenuated oral human rotavirus vaccine rix4414 when coadministered with the expanded program on immunization childhood vaccines, including oral polio vaccine. | 2010 | 20684724 |
| rotateq: progress toward developing world access. | phase iii studies of an oral, live, pentavalent, human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine (rotateq; merck) in developed countries have demonstrated that it is well tolerated with regard to intussusception and other adverse events and is efficacious in preventing rotavirus gastroenteritis and associated healthcare encounters. however, it cannot be assumed that rotavirus vaccines will be equally efficacious in infants and young children in the developing world. differences in host populations, a ... | 2010 | 20684723 |
| rotarix in developing countries: paving the way for inclusion in national childhood immunization programs in africa. | rotavirus gastroenteritis causes more than half a million deaths annually among children aged <5 years, the great majority of which occur in africa and asia. vaccination is considered to be the most effective public health strategy to prevent rotavirus disease and to reduce the significant global burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis. rotarix (glaxosmithkline biologicals) is an oral, live attenuated rotavirus vaccine derived from a human g1p[8] rotavirus strain. results of phase iii studies in eur ... | 2010 | 20684722 |
| influence of potential protective mechanisms on the development of live rotavirus vaccines. | rotaviruses cause extensive morbidity and mortality worldwide, thus corroborating the need for a vaccine that is effective in all socioeconomic environments. vaccines evaluated in clinical trials have all been live attenuated rotaviruses that are delivered orally to mimic the excellent protection observed after natural infection. the mechanisms by which these vaccine candidates or wild-type rotaviruses elicit protection are not fully understood. during the 1980s, several candidate vaccines provi ... | 2010 | 20684721 |
| diversity of rotavirus strains circulating in west africa from 1996 to 2000. | 2010 | 20684720 | |
| emergence and characterization of serotype g9 rotavirus strains from africa. | serotype g9 strains have been detected sporadically and in localized outbreaks in various african countries, including south africa, botswana, malawi, kenya, cameroon, nigeria, ghana, guinea-bissau, libya, and mauritius. serotype g9 strains were analyzed to investigate genogroup characteristics, including subgroup specificity, electropherotype, and p and g genotypes. in addition, the antigenic composition of the south african g9 strains was assessed. african g9 strains were associated with both ... | 2010 | 20684719 |
| burden and epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea in selected african countries: preliminary results from the african rotavirus surveillance network. | severe rotavirus diarrhea in children <5 years of age is a major public health problem; however, limited regional and country specific data on rotavirus disease burden are available from sub-saharan africa. in june 2006, the world health organization regional office for africa initiated rotavirus surveillance in selected african countries. with use of standardized methodology developed by the world health organization, children <5 years of age who were hospitalized with severe diarrhea were enro ... | 2010 | 20684718 |
| determination of the g and p types of previously nontypeable rotavirus strains from the african rotavirus network, 1996-2004: identification of unusual g types. | a total of 215 nontypeable rotavirus samples collected from children <5 years of age by members of the african rotavirus network were characterized using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis and sequencing. the most predominant strain identified was p[8]g1 (46.9%). genotypes p[8]g10, p[8]g8, p[6]g8, and p[7]g5 were also detected at frequencies varying from 0.5% to 2.3%. this study suggests that reassortment of unusual g types into a background of globally common genotype p[8] ... | 2010 | 20684717 |
| genetic and antigenic diversity of human rotaviruses: potential impact on vaccination programs. | the successful development and implementation of rotavirus vaccines will have a significant impact on rotavirus-induced gastroenteritis in children worldwide. however, this introduction will increase the immune pressure against wild-type rotavirus strains circulating in the community, altering the forces and balances that drive rotavirus evolution. there is concern that antigenically distinct novel or rare strains may be selected and spread, decreasing vaccine efficacy. this review describes the ... | 2010 | 20684716 |
| rotavirus strain types circulating in africa: review of studies published during 1997-2006. | rotavirus is responsible for more than half a million deaths among infants and young children worldwide each year; many of these deaths could be prevented by widespread use of an effective rotavirus vaccine. the diversity of rotavirus strains in many developing countries, where most rotavirus deaths occur, could represent a significant challenge to the efficacy of current vaccines. in anticipation of rotavirus vaccine introduction, we examined studies published over a 10-year period (1997-2006) ... | 2010 | 20684715 |
| rotavirus genotypes among hospitalized children in egypt, 2000-2002. | rotavirus type surveillance is essential to assess the success of rotavirus vaccines. rotavirus strains collected in 2000-2002 during hospital-based surveillance for diarrhea in egyptian children were genotyped. of the 259 (25.2%) rotavirus-positive specimens, 82.4% were common strains (g1p[8], g2p[4], g4p[8]), and the emergent g9 type was detected in 5.3% of samples. | 2010 | 20684714 |
| molecular characterization of rotavirus strains circulating in oman in 2005. | limited genotyping data are available for rotavirus strains in the middle east. in this study, we investigated the molecular epidemiology of human rotavirus strains circulating in the sultanate of oman during 2005. rotavirus was detected in 178 (57.4%) of 310 of the diarrheal stools of young children <5 years admitted to hospitals and outpatients clinics. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated the cocirculation of 8 strains, although 2 strains predominated across the sultanate. genotypi ... | 2010 | 20684713 |