Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| structural and community-level interventions for increasing condom use to prevent the transmission of hiv and other sexually transmitted infections. | community interventions to promote condom use are considered to be a valuable tool to reduce the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and other sexually transmitted infections (stis). in particular, special emphasis has been placed on implementing such interventions through structural changes, a concept that implies public health actions that aim to improve society's health through modifications in the context wherein health-related risk behavior takes place. this strategy attempts ... | 2014 | 25072817 |
| [prevalence of hiv and sexually transmitted diseases as well as related associated risk factors among middle/low level female sex workers in a city in guangdong province]. | to explore the prevalence of hiv, sexually transmitted diseases (stds) and associated factors among medium/low level female sex workers (fsws) in an under-developed city in guangdong province. | 2014 | 25059357 |
| comparison of clinical manifestations, outcomes and cerebrospinal fluid findings between herpes simplex type 1 and type 2 central nervous system infections in adults. | in previous reports on the viral causes of central nervous system (cns) infections, it has been generally recognized that hsv-1 is a major cause of encephalitis, while hsv-2 is the predominant cause of aseptic meningitis in adults. to examine this matter, the clinical characteristics in the two types of hsv cns infections were investigated. in a retrospective cohort study which included all adult patients (≥16 years) between january 1999 and december 2013 in a 2,700-bed tertiary care hospital, a ... | 2014 | 25042344 |
| prevalence and factors associated with herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in patients attending a baltimore city emergency department. | herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is a common sexually transmitted disease, but there is limited data on its epidemiology among urban populations. the urban emergency department (ed) is a potential venue for surveillance as it predominantly serves an inner city minority population. we evaluate the seroprevalence and factors associated with hsv-2 infection among patients attending the johns hopkins hospital adult emergency department (jhh ed). | 2014 | 25036862 |
| an attenuated herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1) encoding the hiv-1 tat protein protects mice from a deadly mucosal hsv1 challenge. | herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv1 and hsv2) are common infectious agents in both industrialized and developing countries. they cause recurrent asymptomatic and/or symptomatic infections, and life-threatening diseases and death in newborns and immunocompromised patients. current treatment for hsv relies on antiviral medications, which can halt the symptomatic diseases but cannot prevent the shedding that occurs in asymptomatic patients or, consequently, the spread of the viruses. therefore ... | 2014 | 25033084 |
| up to four distinct polypeptides are produced from the γ34.5 open reading frame of herpes simplex virus 2. | the herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) icp34.5 protein strongly influences neurovirulence and regulates several cellular antiviral responses. despite the clinical importance of hsv-2, relatively little is known about its icp34.5 ortholog. we found that hsv-2 produces up to four distinct forms of icp34.5 in infected cells: a full-length protein, one shorter form sharing the n terminus, and two shorter forms sharing the c terminus. these forms appeared with similar kinetics and accumulated in cells ov ... | 2014 | 25031346 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 and the risk of cervical cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies. | to assess whether herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection has an effect on the risk of cervical cancer. | 2014 | 25030659 |
| a mutation in the dna polymerase accessory factor of herpes simplex virus 1 restores viral dna replication in the presence of raltegravir. | previous reports showed that raltegravir, a recently approved antiviral compound that targets hiv integrase, can inhibit the nuclease function of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv terminase) in vitro. in this study, subtoxic levels of raltegravir were shown to inhibit the replication of four different herpesviruses, herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1), hsv-2, hcmv, and mouse cytomegalovirus, by 30- to 700-fold, depending on the dose and the virus tested. southern blotting and quantitative pcr revealed that ... | 2014 | 25008933 |
| genital infection with herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in women from natal, brazil. | objective. to evaluate the prevalence of hsv-1 and hsv-2 in pregnant and nonpregnant women, testing the correlation between dna of the viruses with colposcopic and/or cytological changes, and evaluate association with sociodemographic characteristics and sexual activity. methods. included in this study were 106 pregnant and 130 nonpregnant women treated at primary health care units of natal, brazil, in the period 2010-2011. the patients were examined by colposcopy, and two cervical specimens wer ... | 2014 | 25006480 |
| cdk9 inhibitor fit-039 prevents replication of multiple dna viruses. | a wide range of antiviral drugs is currently available; however, drug-resistant viruses have begun to emerge and represent a potential public health risk. here, we explored the use of compounds that inhibit or interfere with the action of essential host factors to prevent virus replication. in particular, we focused on the cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (cdk9) inhibitor, fit-039, which suppressed replication of a broad spectrum of dna viruses through inhibition of mrna transcription. specifically, fi ... | 2014 | 25003190 |
| progressive outer retinal necrosis secondary to herpes simplex virus type 2. | progressive outer retinal necrosis is an aggressive form of necrotizing herpetic retinitis that presents in immunocompromised patients. it is usually secondary to varicella zoster virus or, rarely, herpes simplex virus type 1. the authors report a case of progressive outer retinal necrosis associated with herpes simplex virus type 2 in a patient with a history of congenital herpes. [ophthalmic surg lasers imaging retina. 2014;45:xxx-xxx.]. | 2014 | 24988530 |
| hiv integrase inhibitors block replication of alpha-, beta-, and gammaherpesviruses. | the catalytic site of the hiv integrase is contained within an rnase h-like fold, and numerous drugs have been developed that bind to this site and inhibit its activity. herpes simplex virus (hsv) encodes two proteins with potential rnase h-like folds, the infected cell protein 8 (icp8) dna-binding protein, which is necessary for viral dna replication and exhibits recombinase activity in vitro, and the viral terminase, which is essential for viral dna cleavage and packaging. therefore, we hypoth ... | 2014 | 24987091 |
| prevalence of herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 antibodies in patients with autism spectrum disorders. | the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (asd) is unknown, even though it is hypothesized that a viral infection could trigger this disorder. the aim of this study was to evaluate the seropositivity rate and antibody level of herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv1) and herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv2) in children with asd compared to same-aged healthy controls. | 2014 | 24982239 |
| the heterogeneous effects of hiv testing. | an extensive multi-disciplinary literature examines the effects of learning one's hiv status on subsequent risky sexual behaviors. however, many of these studies rely on non-experimental designs; use self-reported outcome measures; or both. in this study, we investigate the effects of a randomly assigned home based hiv testing and counseling (htc) intervention on risky sexual behaviors and schooling investments among school-age females in malawi. we find no overall effects on hiv, herpes simplex ... | 2014 | 24981505 |
| a herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) glycoprotein d-expressing nonreplicating dominant-negative hsv-2 virus vaccine is superior to a gd2 subunit vaccine against hsv-2 genital infection in guinea pigs. | we recently constructed a novel non-replicating dominant-negative hsv-2 recombinant viral vaccine (cj2-gd2) capable of expressing various hsv-2 antigens that are dominant targets of hsv-2-specific cd8 t-cell response. importantly, cj2-gd2 expresses gd2, the hsv-2 major antigen glycoprotein d, as efficiently as wild-type hsv-2 infection and can lead to a nearly 500-fold reduction in wild-type hsv-2 viral replication in cells co-infected with cj2-gd2 and wild-type hsv-2. in this report, we show th ... | 2014 | 24979708 |
| daily oral tenofovir and emtricitabine-tenofovir preexposure prophylaxis reduces herpes simplex virus type 2 acquisition among heterosexual hiv-1-uninfected men and women: a subgroup analysis of a randomized trial. | daily oral preexposure prophylaxis (prep) using the antiretroviral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (tdf) alone or in combination with emtricitabine (ftc-tdf) reduces the risk for hiv-1 acquisition. tenofovir has in vitro activity against herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2). | 2014 | 24979446 |
| [herpes simplex virus type 2 fulminant hepatitis after umbilical cord blood transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia]. | this report describes a 41-year-old patient, who developed herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2)-hepatitis after umbilical cord blood transplantation (cbt). the patient had received allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from an unrelated donor for acute myeloid leukemia (aml) not in remission. aml relapsed 18 months after the first transplantation, and cbt was performed. aml relapsed again 5 months later and the patient was given chemotherapy. although there was no active chronic graft-versus-hos ... | 2014 | 24975337 |
| frequent genital hsv-2 shedding among women during labor in soweto, south africa. | despite high herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) incidence and prevalence among women in africa, we are unaware of published neonatal herpes reports. to assess neonatal hsv transmission potential in south africa, we investigated the frequency of the strongest risk factors: hsv acquisition in late pregnancy and hsv shedding during labor. | 2014 | 24963269 |
| a study of 113 cases of genital ulcerative disease and urethral discharge syndrome with validation of syndromic management of sexually transmitted diseases. | to validate syndromic management of cases having genital ulcerative disease (gud) and urethral discharge syndrome (uds). | 2014 | 24958984 |
| factors influencing herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among females in enugu, enugu state, nigeria. | herpes simplex virus infection is a chronic infection of the sensory ganglia with variable levels of epithelial expression. an important feature of hsv infection is the recurrence of disease as a result of periodic or sporadic activation of viral replication. in addition, asymptomatic shedding of herpes viruses may play a significant role in transmission from person to person. this infection being lifelong manifests only in a small proportion of those infected. it has presented public health con ... | 2015 | 24956686 |
| viral infections in mice with reconstituted human immune system components. | pathogenic viruses are often difficult to study due to their exclusive tropism for humans. the development of mice with human immune system components opens the possibility to study those human pathogens with a tropism for the human hematopoietic lineage in vivo. these include hcmv, ebv, kshv, hiv, htlv-1, dengue virus and jc virus. furthermore, some human pathogens, like hsv-2, adenovirus, hcv, hbv and influenza a virus, with an additional tropism for somatic mouse tissues or for additional tra ... | 2014 | 24953718 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein h interacts with integrin αvβ3 to facilitate viral entry and calcium signaling in human genital tract epithelial cells. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) entry requires multiple interactions at the cell surface and activation of a complex calcium signaling cascade. previous studies demonstrated that integrins participate in this process, but their precise role has not been determined. these studies were designed to test the hypothesis that integrin αvβ3 signaling promotes the release of intracellular calcium (ca2+) stores and contributes to viral entry and cell-to-cell spread. transfection of cells with small interferin ... | 2014 | 24942591 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel alphaherpesvirus in fruit bats. | bats are known to harbor emerging rna viruses. recent studies have used high-throughput sequencing technology to identify various virus species, including dna viruses that are harbored by bats; however, little is known about the nature of these potentially novel viruses. here, we report the characterization of a novel herpesvirus isolated from an indonesian pteropodid bat. the virus, tentatively named fruit bat alphaherpesvirus 1 (fbahv1), has a double-stranded dna genome of 149,459 bp. the phyl ... | 2014 | 24942567 |
| pathway analysis of cervical cancer genome-wide association study highlights the mhc region and pathways involved in response to infection. | cervical cancer is caused by infection with human papillomavirus (hpv). a genome-wide association study (gwas) has identified several susceptibility loci for cervical cancer, but they explain only a small fraction of cervical cancer heritability. other variants with weaker effect may be missed due to the stringent significance threshold. to identify important pathways in cervical carcinogenesis, we performed a two-stage pathway analysis in two independent gwass in the swedish population, using t ... | 2014 | 24934695 |
| prevalence of hiv, syphilis, and other sexually transmitted infections among msm from three cities in panama. | respondent-driven sampling (rds) was used to conduct a biobehavioral survey among men who have sex with men (msm) in three cities in the republic of panama. we estimated the prevalence of hiv, syphilis, and other sexually transmitted infections (stis), sociodemographic characteristics, and sexual risk behaviors. among 603 msm recruited, rds-adjusted seroprevalences (95 % confidence intervals) were: hiv-david 6.6 % (2.2-11.4 %), panama 29.4 % (19.7-39.7 %), and colon 32.6 % (18.0-47.8 %); active ... | 2014 | 24927712 |
| commentary on "hsv-1 and hsv-2 seroprevalence in the united states among asymptomatic women unaware of any herpes simplex virus infection (herpevac trial for women)". | 2014 | 24926672 | |
| hsv-1 and hsv-2 seroprevalence in the united states among asymptomatic women unaware of any herpes simplex virus infection (herpevac trial for women). | recent evidence suggests that the epidemiology of herpes simplex viruses (hsvs) is changing because fewer hsv-1 infections are acquired in childhood and increased sexual transmission of hsv-1 is reported. the objective of the study was to assess the seroprevalence of type-specific antibodies to hsv-1 and hsv-2 in the united states. | 2014 | 24926671 |
| persistence of mucosal t-cell responses to herpes simplex virus type 2 in the female genital tract. | relatively little is known about the human t-cell response to herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) in the female genital tract, a major site of heterosexual hsv-2 acquisition, transmission, and reactivation. in order to understand the role of local mucosal immunity in hsv-2 infection, t-cell lines were expanded from serial cervical cytobrush samples from 30 hsv-2-infected women and examined for reactivity to hsv-2. approximately 3% of the cd3+ t cells isolated from the cervix were hsv-2 specific ... | 2015 | 24917455 |
| evolutionary origins of human herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2. | herpesviruses have been infecting and codiverging with their vertebrate hosts for hundreds of millions of years. the primate simplex viruses exemplify this pattern of virus-host codivergence, at a minimum, as far back as the most recent common ancestor of new world monkeys, old world monkeys, and apes. humans are the only primate species known to be infected with two distinct herpes simplex viruses: hsv-1 and hsv-2. human herpes simplex viruses are ubiquitous, with over two-thirds of the human p ... | 2014 | 24916030 |
| high seroprevalence of human herpesviruses in hiv-infected individuals attending primary healthcare facilities in rural south africa. | seroprevalence data of human herpesviruses (hhvs) are limited for sub-saharan africa. these are important to provide an indication of potential burden of hhv-related disease, in particular in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected individuals who are known to be at increased risk of these conditions in the western world. in this cross-sectional study among 405 hiv-infected and antiretroviral therapy naïve individuals in rural south africa the seroprevalence of hhvs was: herpes simplex virus ... | 2014 | 24914671 |
| a multicenter prospective trial to asses a new real-time polymerase chain reaction for detection of treponema pallidum, herpes simplex-1/2 and haemophilus ducreyi in genital, anal and oropharyngeal ulcers. | treponema pallidum, herpes simplex virus types 1 or 2 (hsv-1/2) and haemophilus ducreyi are sexually transmitted pathogens that can cause genital, anal and oropharyngeal ulcers. laboratory evaluation of these pathogens in ulcers requires different types of specimens and tests, increasing the risk of improper specimen handling and time lapse until analysis. we sought to develop a new real-time pcr (tp-hd-hsv1/2 pcr) to facilitate the detection of t. pallidum, hsv-1/2 and h. ducreyi in ulcers. the ... | 2014 | 24909546 |
| successful differentiation of herpes zoster-associated erythema multiforme from generalized extension of herpes by rapid polymerase chain reaction analysis. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for varicella zoster virus (vzv), herpes simplex virus (hsv)-1 and hsv-2 is available for use. sometimes the differential diagnosis of the generalized herpes zoster (hz), hsv1/2, and drug eruption is difficult. we report a case of hz followed by the vesicular erythema multiforme (em)-like lesion. in this case the use of pcr was of great assistance. a 78-year-old japanese man without any significant previous history of disease was admitted to our hospital ... | 2014 | 24909215 |
| premature newborns with fatal intrauterine herpes simplex virus-1 infection: first report of twins and review of the literature. | neonates with blistering skin diseases are dermatologic emergencies. the pathologies involved can pose diagnostic difficulties and there exists a variety of potential life-threatening differential diagnoses. | 2015 | 24909064 |
| design, synthesis, antiviral and cytostatic activity of ω-(1h-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)(polyhydroxy)alkylphosphonates as acyclic nucleotide analogues. | the efficient synthesis of a new series of polyhydroxylated dibenzyl ω-(1h-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)alkylphosphonates as acyclic nucleotide analogues is described starting from dibenzyl ω-azido(polyhydroxy)alkylphosphonates and selected alkynes under microwave irradiation. selected o,o-dibenzylphosphonate acyclonucleotides were transformed into the respective phosphonic acids. all compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against a broad variety of dna and rna viruses and for cytostatic activity ... | 2014 | 24906510 |
| diagnosis of genital herpes simplex virus infection in the clinical laboratory. | since the type of herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection affects prognosis and subsequent counseling, type-specific testing to distinguish hsv-1 from hsv-2 is always recommended. although pcr has been the diagnostic standard method for hsv infections of the central nervous system, until now viral culture has been the test of choice for hsv genital infection. however, hsv pcr, with its consistently and substantially higher rate of hsv detection, could replace viral culture as the gold standard for ... | 2014 | 24885431 |
| effects of vaginal lactobacilli in chlamydia trachomatis infection. | increasing evidence indicates that abnormal vaginal flora lacking lactobacilli facilitates the acquisition of several sexually transmitted diseases including chlamydia trachomatis. c. trachomatis, the most common bacterial agent of genital infections worldwide, can progress from the lower to upper reproductive tract and induce severe sequelae. the ability of c. trachomatis to develop into a persistent form has been suggested as key pathogenetic mechanism underlying chronic infections and sequela ... | 2014 | 24875405 |
| population-based surveillance of neonatal herpes simplex virus infection in australia, 1997-2011. | neonatal herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection is uncommon, but mortality after disseminated disease and morbidity after encephalitis are high. for the last decade, increased dose and duration of acyclovir has been advised to prevent disease progression and recurrence. we sought to determine prospectively the epidemiologic, clinical, and secular trends of this condition in australia. | 2014 | 24846638 |
| antigenic breadth: a missing ingredient in hsv-2 subunit vaccines? | the successful human papillomavirus and hepatitis b virus subunit vaccines contain single viral proteins that represent 22 and 12%, respectively, of the antigens encoded by these tiny viruses. the herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) genome is >20 times larger. thus, a single protein subunit represents 1% of hsv-2's total antigenic breadth. antigenic breadth may explain why hsv-2 glycoprotein subunit vaccines have failed in clinical trials, and why live hsv-2 vaccines that express 99% of hsv-2's prote ... | 2014 | 24837838 |
| blocking herpes simplex virus 2 glycoprotein e immune evasion as an approach to enhance efficacy of a trivalent subunit antigen vaccine for genital herpes. | herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) subunit antigen vaccines targeting virus entry molecules have failed to prevent genital herpes in human trials. our approach is to include a virus entry molecule and add antigens that block hsv-2 immune evasion. hsv-2 glycoprotein c (gc2) is an immune evasion molecule that inhibits complement. we previously reported that adding gc2 to gd2 improved vaccine efficacy compared to the efficacy of either antigen alone in mice and guinea pigs. here we demonstrate that hsv ... | 2014 | 24829358 |
| detection of herpes simplex and varicella-zoster virus in clinical specimens by multiplex real-time pcr and melting curve analysis. | herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2), and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) are common agents resulting in various forms of clinical manifestation from skin vesicle to disseminated viral infection. the aim of the present study was to develop a real-time pcr and melting curve analysis which detect and differentiate hsv-1, hsv-2, and vzv, to compare with pcr-rflp using clinical specimens, and to introduce the 4-year experience in the clinical laboratory. three pairs of primers for hsv ... | 2014 | 24822189 |
| antiherpesvirus activities of two novel 4'-thiothymidine derivatives, kay-2-41 and kah-39-149, are dependent on viral and cellular thymidine kinases. | the emergence of drug-resistant herpesviruses represents a significant problem in clinical practice, primarily in immunocompromised patients. furthermore, effective antiviral therapies against gammaherpesvirus-associated diseases are lacking. here, we present two thiothymidine derivatives, kay-2-41 and kah-39-149, with different spectra of antiviral activity from those of the reference antiherpetic drugs, showing inhibitory activities against herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus (vzv), a ... | 2014 | 24820089 |
| correlates of prevalent sexually transmitted infections among participants screened for an hiv incidence cohort study in kisumu, kenya. | we determined the prevalence of four sexually transmitted infections and the demographic and behavioural correlates associated with having one or more sexually transmitted infections among participants in an hiv incidence cohort study in kisumu, western kenya. participants were enrolled from a convenience sample and underwent aetiologic sexually transmitted infection investigation. demographic and behavioural information were collected and basic clinical evaluation performed. multiple regression ... | 2015 | 24810218 |
| hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke secondary to herpes simplex virus type 2 meningitis and vasculopathy. | herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) meningitis dogmatically is benign and self-limited in the immune competent patient. however, we describe how left untreated hsv-2 meningitis can be complicated by vasculitis and both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. we report a 57-year-old woman with lymphocytic meningitis complicated by ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage in the setting of vasculopathy and hsv-2 dna detected in csf successfully treated with acyclovir and corticosteroids. subsequent a ... | 2014 | 24806272 |
| associations of hla-a, hla-b and hla-c alleles frequency with prevalence of herpes simplex virus infections and diseases across global populations: implication for the development of an universal cd8+ t-cell epitope-based vaccine. | a significant portion of the world's population is infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 and/or type 2 (hsv-1 and/or hsv-2), that cause a wide range of diseases including genital herpes, oro-facial herpes, and the potentially blinding ocular herpes. while the global prevalence and distribution of hsv-1 and hsv-2 infections cannot be exactly established, the general trends indicate that: (i) hsv-1 infections are much more prevalent globally than hsv-2; (ii) over a half billion people worldwid ... | 2014 | 24798939 |
| silencing herpes simplex virus type 1 capsid protein encoding genes by sirna: a promising antiviral therapeutic approach. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), a member of the herpesviridae, causes a variety of human viral diseases globally. although a series of antiviral drugs are available for the treatment of infection and suppression of dissemination, hsv-1 remains highly prevalent worldwide. therefore, the development of novel antiviral agents with different mechanisms of action is a matter of extreme urgency. during the proliferation of hsv-1, capsid assembly is essential for viral growth, and it is highly con ... | 2014 | 24794394 |
| frequency and abundance of alphaherpesvirus dna in human thoracic sympathetic ganglia. | alphaherpesvirus reactivation from thoracic sympathetic ganglia (tsg) and transaxonal spread to target organs cause human visceral disease. yet alphaherpesvirus latency in tsg has not been well characterized. in this study, quantitative pcr detected varicella-zoster virus (vzv), herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1), and hsv-2 dna in 117 fresh tsg obtained postmortem from 15 subjects. vzv dna was found in 76 (65%) ganglia from all subjects, hsv-1 dna was found in 5 (4%) ganglia from 3 subjects, and no ... | 2014 | 24789785 |
| repertoire of epitopes recognized by serum igg from humans vaccinated with herpes simplex virus 2 glycoprotein d. | the results of a clinical trial of a subunit vaccine against genital herpes were recently reported (r. b. belshe, p. a. leone, d. i. bernstein, a. wald, m. j. levin, j. t. stapleton, i. gorfinkel, r. l. morrow, m. g. ewell, a. stokes-riner, g. dubin, t. c. heineman, j. m. schulte, c. d. deal, n. engl. j. med. 366: 34-43, 2012, doi:10.1056/nejmoa1103151). the vaccine consisted of a soluble form of herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) glycoprotein d (gd2) with adjuvant. the goal of the current study was ... | 2014 | 24789783 |
| detection of herpesvirus, enterovirus, and arbovirus infection in patients with suspected central nervous system viral infection in the western brazilian amazon. | acute infections of the central nervous system (cns) can be caused by various pathogens. in this study, the presence of herpesviruses (hhv), enteroviruses (evs), and arboviruses were investigated in csf samples from 165 patients with suspected cns viral infection through polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and reverse transcriptase pcr. the genomes of one or more viral agents were detected in 29.7% (49/165) of the csf samples. evs were predominant (16/49; 32.6%) followed by epstein-barr virus (ebv) ... | 2014 | 24760682 |
| impact of asymptomatic herpes simplex virus type 2 infection on mucosal homing and immune cell subsets in the blood and female genital tract. | hsv-2 infection is common and generally asymptomatic, but it is associated with increased hiv susceptibility and disease progression. this may relate to herpes-mediated changes in genital and systemic immunology. cervical cytobrushes and blood were collected from hiv-uninfected african/caribbean women in toronto, and immune cell subsets were enumerated blindly by flow cytometry. immune differences between groups were assessed by univariate analysis and confirmed using a multivariate model. study ... | 2014 | 24760150 |
| pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics of the helicase-primase inhibitor pritelivir following treatment of wild-type or pritelivir-resistant virus infection in a murine herpes simplex virus 1 infection model. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections can cause considerable morbidity. transmission of hsv-2 has become a major health concern, since it has been shown to promote transmission of other sexually transmitted diseases. pritelivir (aic316, bay 57-1293) belongs to a new class of hsv antiviral compounds, the helicase-primase inhibitors, which have a mode of action that is distinct from that of antiviral nucleoside analogues currently in clinical use. analysis of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic parame ... | 2014 | 24752278 |
| plant-based vaccines: novel and low-cost possible route for mediterranean innovative vaccination strategies. | a plant bioreactor has enormous capability as a system that supports many biological activities, that is, production of plant bodies, virus-like particles (vlps), and vaccines. foreign gene expression is an efficient mechanism for getting protein vaccines against different human viral and nonviral diseases. plants make it easy to deal with safe, inexpensive, and provide trouble-free storage. the broad spectrum of safe gene promoters is being used to avoid risk assessments. engineered virus-based ... | 2014 | 24751193 |
| efficacy of tenofovir 1% vaginal gel in reducing the risk of hiv-1 and hsv-2 infection. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is a retrovirus that can result in rare opportunistic infections occurring in humans. the onset of these infections is known as acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). sexual transmission is responsible for the majority of infections 1, resulting in transmission of hiv due to infected semen or vaginal and cervical secretions containing infected lymphocytes. hiv microbicides are formulations of chemical or biological agents that can be applied to the vagina ... | 2014 | 24741339 |
| a potent combination microbicide that targets shiv-rt, hsv-2 and hpv. | prevalent infection with human herpes simplex 2 (hsv-2) or human papillomavirus (hpv) is associated with increased human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) acquisition. microbicides that target hiv as well as these sexually transmitted infections (stis) may more effectively limit hiv incidence. previously, we showed that a microbicide gel (mzc) containing miv-150, zinc acetate (za) and carrageenan (cg) protected macaques against simian-human immunodeficiency virus (shiv-rt) infection and that a zc gel ... | 2014 | 24740100 |
| [anti-herpetic effect of photodynamic action in an in vitro experiment]. | evaluation of photodynamic therapy (pdt) in vitro antiviral effect directly on the herpes simplex virus (hsv) as well as on virus infected cells. | 2014 | 24738294 |
| [protective activity of aqueous extracts from higher mushrooms against herpes simplex virus type-2 on albino mice model]. | toxicity and antiviral activity of aqueous extracts from higher mushrooms such as lentinula edodes (berk.) pegler (shiitake), pleurotus ostreatus (jacq.) p. kumm. (oyster), inonotus obliquus (ach. ex pers.) pilát (chaga), hydnellum compactum (pers.) p. karst. (compact tooth) were studied. in doses of 0.8 to 4.0 mg (dry weight) per mouse administered orally or intraperitoneally the extracts showed no acute toxicity. when the dose of the chaga extract was increased to 20 mg per mouse, a half of th ... | 2013 | 24738237 |
| cd8+ t lymphocyte epitopes from the herpes simplex virus type 2 icp27, vp22 and vp13/14 proteins to facilitate vaccine design and characterization. | cd8+ t cells have the potential to control hsv-2 infection. however, limited information has been available on cd8+ t cell epitopes or the functionality of antigen specific t cells during infection or following immunization with experimental vaccines. peptide panels from hsv-2 proteins icp27, vp22 and vp13/14 were selected from in silico predictions of binding to human hla-a*0201 and mouse h-2kd, ld and dd molecules. nine previously uncharacterized cd8+ t cell epitopes were identified from hsv-2 ... | 2013 | 24709642 |
| detection and differentiation of herpes simplex viruses by use of the viper platform: advantages, limitations, and concerns. | the viper hsv-q(x) assay was evaluated for the detection of herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 in specimens from oral, anogenital, and other miscellaneous sites. the hsv-q(x) assay was found to be highly sensitive and accurate; however, a gray zone may be required for specimens with values falling between 50 and 800 maximum relative fluorescence units. | 2014 | 24696023 |
| chronic herpes simplex virus type 2 encephalitis associated with posterior uveitis. | we report on a patient with chronic herpes simplex virus-2 encephalitis who was characteristic for concomitantly having chronic or recurrent posterior uveitis. a 66-year-old immunocompetent man suffering from a 6-month refractory posterior uveitis developed a 1-month history of impaired short-term memory and orientation. brain mri demonstrated hyperintense lesions in the right parietal lobe in diffusion and fluid attenuated inversion recovery (flair) sequences. cerebrospinal fluid (csf) examinat ... | 2014 | 24695656 |
| evaluation of the herpeselect express rapid test in the detection of herpes simplex virus type 2 antibodies in patients with genital ulcer disease. | a rapid point-of-care test with high sensitivity and specificity is required in order to fulfill the need for early detection and screening of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection among patients with genital ulcer disease (gud), for better management and control of virus transmission. | 2015 | 24687953 |
| inhibition effect of silver nanoparticles on herpes simplex virus 2. | the herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) is one of the most important sexually transmitted pathogens, and can facilitate the spread of human immunodeficiency virus. the currently available antiviral drugs have certain limitations. nanosilver has received increasing attention recently with respect to its antibacterial and antiviral properties. the purpose of this study was to determine the inhibiting effect and mechanism of silver nanoparticles (ag-nps) on hsv-2. the cytotoxicity of vero cells induced ... | 2014 | 24682984 |
| use of hiv and hsv-2 biomarkers in sub-saharan adolescent prevention research: a comparison of two approaches. | self-report of sexual behavior among adolescents is notoriously inconsistent, yet such measures are commonly used as outcomes for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) prevention intervention trials. there has been a growing interest in the use of hiv and other sexually transmitted disease biomarkers as more valid measures of intervention impact in high hiv prevalence areas, particularly in sub-saharan africa. we examine the challenges, benefits, and feasibility of including hiv and herpes simplex ... | 2014 | 24682861 |
| broadly reactive human cd8 t cells that recognize an epitope conserved between vzv, hsv and ebv. | human herpesviruses are important causes of potentially severe chronic infections for which t cells are believed to be necessary for control. in order to examine the role of virus-specific cd8 t cells against varicella zoster virus (vzv), we generated a comprehensive panel of potential epitopes predicted in silico and screened for t cell responses in healthy vzv seropositive donors. we identified a dominant hla-a*0201-restricted epitope in the vzv ribonucleotide reductase subunit 2 and used a te ... | 2014 | 24675761 |
| herpes simplex virus-2 transmission probability estimates based on quantity of viral shedding. | herpes simplex virus (hsv)-2 is periodically shed in the human genital tract, most often asymptomatically, and most sexual transmissions occur during asymptomatic shedding. it would be helpful to identify a genital viral load threshold necessary for transmission, as clinical interventions that maintain viral quantity below this level would be of high utility. however, because viral expansion, decay and re-expansion kinetics are extremely rapid during shedding episodes, it is impossible to direct ... | 2014 | 24671939 |
| herpes simplex virus growth, preparation, and assay. | in order to study the biology of herpes simplex virus or to use it as a vector in gene therapy, it is necessary to grow the virus and to prepare virus stocks. many different protocols are available from different research groups working with herpes simplex virus type 1 or 2 (hsv-1 or hsv-2). this chapter describes the procedures used in our laboratory. | 2014 | 24671674 |
| a novel oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 2 has potent anti-tumor activity. | oncolytic viruses are promising treatments for many kinds of solid tumors. in this study, we constructed a novel oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 2: ohsv2. we investigated the cytopathic effects of ohsv2 in vitro and tested its antitumor efficacy in a 4t1 breast cancer model. we compared its effect on the cell cycle and its immunologic impact with the traditional chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin. in vitro data showed that ohsv2 infected most of the human and murine tumor cell lines and was ... | 2014 | 24671154 |
| molecular diagnosis of central nervous system opportunistic infections in hiv-infected zambian adults. | knowledge of central nervous system (cns) opportunistic infections (ois) among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in sub-saharan africa is limited. | 2014 | 24668125 |
| valacyclovir therapy does not reverse herpes-associated alterations in cervical immunology: a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial. | herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection is associated with a 3-fold increase in the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) acquisition, perhaps through alterations in mucosal hiv-susceptible target cells. we performed a clinical trial to assess the impact of herpes therapy on cervical immunology in hsv-2-infected, hiv-uninfected women from africa or the caribbean who were living in toronto, canada. thirty participants received 1 g of valacyclovir orally each day for 2 months in a rando ... | 2014 | 24664172 |
| [expression of herpes simplex virus type 2 latency associated transcript orf1 and its anti-apoptotic function]. | to study the expression of herpes simplex virus type 2 latency-associated transcript (lat) open reading frame 1 (orf1) and its anti-apoptosis function induced by actinomycin d in vero cells. the recombinant plasmid pegfp-orf1 was constructed and transfected into vero cells, and the expression of orf1 was identified by rt-pcr. the changes of vero cells morphology induced by actinomycin d were observed by fluorescence microscopy, hochest33258 fluorescence staining. cells viability was evaluated by ... | 2013 | 24660625 |
| better neutralization of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) than hsv-2 by antibody from recipients of glaxosmithkline hsv-2 glycoprotein d2 subunit vaccine. | the herpevac trial evaluated a herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) glycoprotein d (gd2) subunit vaccine to prevent genital herpes. unexpectedly, the vaccine protected against genital hsv-1 infection but not genital hsv-2 infection. we evaluated sera from 30 women seronegative for hsv-1 and hsv-2 who were immunized with gd2 in the herpevac trial. neutralizing antibody titers to hsv-1 were 3.5-fold higher than those to hsv-2 (p < .001). hsv-2 gc2 and ge2 on the virus blocked neutralization by gd2 ... | 2014 | 24652496 |
| early adolescent pregnancy increases risk of incident hiv infection in the eastern cape, south africa: a longitudinal study. | adolescents having unprotected heterosexual intercourse are at risk of hiv infection and unwanted pregnancy. however, there is little evidence to indicate whether pregnancy in early adolescence increases the risk of subsequent hiv infection. in this paper, we tested the hypothesis that adolescent pregnancy (aged 15 or younger) increases the risk of incident hiv infection in young south african women. | 2014 | 24650763 |
| an unusual case of herpes simplex viral encephalitis following acute retinal necrosis after administration of a systemic steroid. | acute retinal necrosis (arn), a viral retinal disease with poor visual prognosis, following herpes simplex encephalitis (hse) are uncommonly seen, and there has been no case yet reported of the reverse situation. we herein present the reverse situation, an immune-competent patient with hse following arn. a 57-year-old man who had been under steroid therapy for retinal vasculitis the prior two weeks, presented with abrupt confusion and high fever. his cerebrospinal fluid study and brain magnetic ... | 2012 | 24649457 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 or human herpesvirus 8 infection and prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis. | prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed type of cancer and the sixth leading cause of cancer mortality among males worldwide. the aim of this study was to investigate the association between the infection by herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) or human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) and the risk of prostate cancer. a systematic literature search was performed using pubmed, cochrane library, web of science, scopus, cnki and cbm. the association of hsv-2 or hhv-8 infection with the risk of ... | 2013 | 24648964 |
| daily oral emtricitabine/tenofovir preexposure prophylaxis and herpes simplex virus type 2 among men who have sex with men. | in addition to protecting against hiv acquisition, antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis (prep) using topical 1% tenofovir gel reduced herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) acquisition by 51% among women in the caprisa 004 study. we examined the effect of daily oral emtricitabine/tenofovir (ftc/tdf) prep on hsv-2 seroincidence and ulcer occurrence among men who have sex with men (msm) in the iprex trial. | 2014 | 24637511 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2-associated recurrent aseptic (mollaret's) meningitis in genitourinary medicine clinic: a case report. | cases of idiopathic recurrent benign aseptic meningitis were first described by mollaret. today, herpes simplex virus (hsv) is considered the cause of most cases of mollaret's meningitis. | 2014 | 24623993 |
| functional characterization of ocular-derived human alphaherpesvirus cross-reactive cd4 t cells. | intraocular varicella-zoster virus (vzv) and hsv type 1 (hsv-1) infections cause sight-threatening uveitis. the disease is characterized by an intraocular inflammatory response involving herpesvirus-specific t cells. t cell reactivity to the noncausative human alphaherpesvirus (αhhv) is commonly detected in the affected eyes of herpetic uveitis patients, suggesting the role of cross-reactive t cells in the disease. this study aimed to identify and functionally characterize intraocular human alph ... | 2014 | 24623134 |
| prevalence of hiv, sexually transmitted infections, and viral hepatitis by urbanicity, among men who have sex with men, injection drug users, and heterosexuals in the united states. | men who have sex with men (msm), injection drug users (idus), and certain subgroups of heterosexuals are disproportionately affected by the syndemics of hiv, other sexually transmitted infections, and viral hepatitis. although understanding the burden of these infections in these populations by urbanicity (the degree to which a geographic area is urban) is critical to targeting prevention programs, few studies have done so. | 2014 | 24622641 |
| epidemiology of genital herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 infections in southwestern finland during a 10-year period (2003-2012). | the objective of this study was to analyze the proportion of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) in genital infections during a 10-year period (2003-2012) among outpatients of a clinic of sexually transmitted disease in southwestern finland. | 2014 | 24622640 |
| performance and comparison of self-reported sti symptoms among high-risk populations - msm, sex workers, persons living with hiv/aids - in el salvador. | resource-limited countries have limited laboratory capability and rely on syndromic management to diagnose sexually transmitted infections (stis). we aimed to estimate the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value (ppv) of sti syndromic management when used as a screening method within a study setting. men who have sex with men (msm), female sex workers (fsws) and people living with hiv/aids (plwha) participated in a behavioural surveillance study. data were obtained on demographics ... | 2014 | 24616119 |
| incidence and clinical features of herpes simplex viruses (1 and 2) and varicella-zoster virus infections in an adult korean population with aseptic meningitis or encephalitis. | since there are limited data on the incidence and clinical findings of central nervous system (cns) infection by three α-herpesviruses including human herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1), hsv-2 and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) in korea, a retrospective analysis of clinical data and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) results was performed in patients who presented with suspicion of acute viral meningitis and/or encephalitis at the emergency department of a tertiary referral hospital in seoul, korea. duri ... | 2014 | 24610349 |
| chemical characterization and antiherpes activity of sulfated polysaccharides from lithothamnion muelleri. | we report herein the chemical characterization and antiherpes activity of polysaccharides from the red alga lithothamnion muelleri (hapalidiaceae). the polysaccharide-rich fractions b1 and b2 were obtained by extraction with na2co3 and were purified by size exclusion chromatography to afford fra-b1 and fra-b2. the polysaccharides were characterized by ft-ir and chemical analysis (total contents of carbohydrates, proteins, sulfate and uronic acid), whereas their average molecular weights were est ... | 2014 | 24608026 |
| lactobacillus-dominated cervicovaginal microbiota associated with reduced hiv/sti prevalence and genital hiv viral load in african women. | cervicovaginal microbiota not dominated by lactobacilli may facilitate transmission of hiv and other sexually transmitted infections (stis), as well as miscarriages, preterm births and sepsis in pregnant women. however, little is known about the exact nature of the microbiological changes that cause these adverse outcomes. in this study, cervical samples of 174 rwandan female sex workers were analyzed cross-sectionally using a phylogenetic microarray. furthermore, hiv-1 rna concentrations were m ... | 2014 | 24599071 |
| performance of a multiplexed serological microarray for the detection of antibodies against central nervous system pathogens. | central nervous system (cns) infections have multiple potential causative agents for which simultaneous pathogen screening can provide a useful tool. this study evaluated a multiplexed microarray for the simultaneous detection of antibodies against cns pathogens. the performance of selected microarray antigens for the detection of igg antibodies against herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2), varicella-zoster virus (vzv), adenovirus, mycoplasma pneumoniae and borrelia burgdorferi sensu l ... | 2014 | 24594410 |
| disparities and risks of sexually transmissible infections among men who have sex with men in china: a meta-analysis and data synthesis. | sexually transmitted infections (stis), including hepatitis b and c virus, are emerging public health risks in china, especially among men who have sex with men (msm). this study aims to assess the magnitude and risks of stis among chinese msm. | 2014 | 24587152 |
| prevalence, incidence and determinants of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among hiv-seronegative women at high-risk of hiv infection: a prospective study in beira, mozambique. | to estimate the prevalence, incidence and determinants of herpes simplex type 2 (hsv-2) infection, and associations between hsv-2 and incident hiv infection, among women at higher risk for hiv infection in beira, mozambique. | 2014 | 24586973 |
| toward global prevention of sexually transmitted infections (stis): the need for sti vaccines. | an estimated 499 million curable sexually transmitted infections (stis; gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, and trichomoniasis) occurred globally in 2008. in addition, well over 500 million people are estimated to have a viral sti such as herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) or human papillomavirus (hpv) at any point in time. stis result in a large global burden of sexual, reproductive, and maternal-child health consequences, including genital symptoms, pregnancy complications, cancer, infertility, a ... | 2014 | 24581979 |
| virologic and immunologic evidence of multifocal genital herpes simplex virus 2 infection. | genital herpes simplex virus (hsv) reactivation is thought to be anatomically and temporally localized, coincident with limited ganglionic infection. short, subclinical shedding episodes are the most common form of hsv-2 reactivation, with host clearance mechanisms leading to rapid containment. the anatomic distribution of shedding episodes has not been characterized. to precisely define patterns of anatomic reactivation, we divided the genital tract into a 22-region grid and obtained daily swab ... | 2014 | 24554666 |
| silencing sexually transmitted infections: topical sirna-based interventions for the prevention of hiv and hsv. | the global impact of sexually transmitted infections (stis) is significant. the sexual transmission of viruses such as herpes simplex virus type-2 (hsv-2) and the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (hiv-1), has been especially difficult to control. to date, no effective vaccines have been developed to prevent the transmission of these stis. although antiretroviral drugs have been remarkably successful in treating the symptoms associated with these viral infections, the feasibility of their wide ... | 2014 | 24526828 |
| hsv-1 as well as hsv-2 is frequent in oral mucosal lesions of children on chemotherapy. | prevalence data of herpes simplex virus (hsv) in oral mucositis in children on treatment for cancer is limited. quantitative polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has been seldom utilized for detection of hsv-1/2 in oral mucosa. | 2014 | 24522744 |
| evaluation of syndromic management of sexually transmitted infections within the kisumu incidence cohort study. | while laboratory aetiological diagnosis is considered the gold standard for diagnosis and management of sexually transmitted infections (stis), syndromic management has been presented as a simplified and affordable approach for sti management in limited resource settings. sti signs and symptoms were collected using staff-administered computer-assisted personal interview and audio computer-assisted self-interview. participants underwent a medical examination and laboratory testing for common stis ... | 2014 | 24516075 |
| genomic sequences of a low passage herpes simplex virus 2 clinical isolate and its plaque-purified derivative strain. | herpes simplex virus 2 is an important human pathogen as the causative agent of genital herpes, neonatal herpes, and increased risk of hiv acquisition and transmission. nevertheless, the only genomic sequence that has been completed is the attenuated hsv-2 hg52 laboratory strain. in this study we defined the genomic sequence of the hsv-2 sd90e low passage clinical isolate and a plaque-purified derivative, sd90-3p. we found minimal sequence differences between sd90e and sd90-3p. however, in compa ... | 2014 | 24503076 |
| stability of glycoprotein gene sequences of herpes simplex virus type 2 from primary to recurrent human infection, and diversity of the sequences among patients attending an std clinic. | herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is sexually transmitted, leading to blisters and ulcers in the genito-anal region. after primary infection the virus is present in a latent state in neurons in sensory ganglia. reactivation and production of new viral particles can cause asymptomatic viral shedding or new lesions. establishment of latency, maintenance and reactivation involve silencing of genes, continuous suppression of gene activities and finally gene activation and synthesis of viral dna. t ... | 2014 | 24502528 |
| a perfect storm: crack cocaine, hsv-2, and hiv among non-injecting drug users in new york city. | prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection has reached 16% among non-injecting drug users (nidu) in new york city, an unusually high prevalence for a predominantly heterosexual population that does not inject drugs. using a long-term study (1983-2011, >7,000 subjects) among persons entering the beth israel drug-treatment programs in new york city, we identified factors that contributed to this high prevalence: a preexisting hiv epidemic among injectors, a crack cocaine epidemic, ... | 2014 | 24502371 |
| asymptomatic memory cd8+ t cells: from development and regulation to consideration for human vaccines and immunotherapeutics. | generation and maintenance of high quantity and quality memory cd8(+) t cells determine the level of protection from viral, bacterial, and parasitic re-infections, and hence constitutes a primary goal for t cell epitope-based human vaccines and immunotherapeutics. phenotypically and functionally characterizing memory cd8(+) t cells that provide protection against herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) infections, which cause blinding ocular herpes, genital herpes, and oro-facia ... | 2014 | 24499824 |
| hsv-2 co-infection as a driver of hiv transmission among heterosexual non-injecting drug users in new york city. | to examine herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2)/hiv co-infection as a contributing factor in the increase in hiv infection among non-injecting heroin and cocaine users in new york city. | 2014 | 24498235 |
| herpes simplex virus type-2 stimulates hiv-1 replication in cervical tissues: implications for hiv-1 transmission and efficacy of anti-hiv-1 microbicides. | herpes simplex virus type-2 (hsv-2) increases the risk of hiv-1 acquisition, yet the mechanism for this viral pathogen to regulate the susceptibility of the cervicovaginal mucosa to hiv-1 is virtually unknown. using ex vivo human ectocervical tissue models, we report greater levels of hiv-1 reverse transcription, dna integration, rna expression, and virions release in hiv-1/hsv-2 co-infected tissues compared with hiv-1 only infected tissues (p<0.05). enhanced hiv-1 replication was associated wit ... | 2014 | 24496317 |
| granulomatous herpes simplex encephalitis in an infant with multicystic encephalopathy: a distinct clinicopathologic entity? | herpes simplex virus encephalitis can manifest as a range of clinical presentations including classic adult, neonatal, and biphasic chronic-granulomatous herpes encephalitis. | 2014 | 24485930 |
| herpes simplex virus 2 encephalitis in adults. | 2014 | 24485138 | |
| a role for h/aca and c/d small nucleolar rnas in viral replication. | we have employed gene-trap insertional mutagenesis to identify candidate genes whose disruption confer phenotypic resistance to lytic infection, in independent studies using 12 distinct viruses and several different cell lines. analysis of >2,000 virus-resistant clones revealed >1,000 candidate host genes, approximately 20 % of which were disrupted in clones surviving separate infections with 2-6 viruses. interestingly, there were 83 instances in which the insertional mutagenesis vector disrupte ... | 2014 | 24477674 |
| sexual risk reduction interventions for hiv prevention among south african youth: a meta-analytic review. | to examine the efficacy of sexual risk reduction interventions among south african youth. | 2013 | 24476351 |
| herpes simplex virus 2 : a boon to develop other sexually transmitted infections. | genital herpes is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. though, mostly asymptomatic, it acts as a potential risk factor for acquisition of other sexually transmitted infections (stis). the present study was undertaken to know sero-prevalence of herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv2), syphilis and hiv among sti clinic attendees and to detect the diagnostic utility of hsv2 igm antibodies. the study group included 170 individuals attending sti clinic irrespective of their presenting compla ... | 2013 | 24475553 |