Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| genome-wide analysis of dna repeats in burkholderia cenocepacia j2315 identifies a novel adhesin-like gene unique to epidemic-associated strains of the et-12 lineage. | members of the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) are respiratory pathogens in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). close repetitive dna sequences often associate with surface antigens to promote genetic variability in pathogenic bacteria. the genome of burkholderia cenocepacia j2315, a cf isolate belonging to the epidemic lineage edinburgh-toronto (et-12), was analysed for the presence of close repetitive dna sequences. among the 422 dna close repeats, 45 genes potentially involved in virulence ... | 2010 | 20019083 |
| comparative genomics and transduction potential of enterococcus faecalis temperate bacteriophages. | to determine the relative importance of temperate bacteriophage in the horizontal gene transfer of fitness and virulence determinants of enterococcus faecalis, a panel of 47 bacteremia isolates were treated with the inducing agents mitomycin c, norfloxacin, and uv radiation. thirty-four phages were purified from culture supernatants and discriminated using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and restriction mapping. from these analyses the genomes of eight representative phages were pyrosequ ... | 2010 | 20008075 |
| septins enforce morphogenetic events during sexual reproduction and contribute to virulence of cryptococcus neoformans. | septins are conserved, cytoskeletal gtpases that contribute to cytokinesis, exocytosis, cell surface organization and vesicle fusion by mechanisms that are poorly understood. roles of septins in morphogenesis and virulence of a human pathogen and basidiomycetous yeast cryptococcus neoformans were investigated. in contrast to a well-established paradigm in s. cerevisiae, cdc3 and cdc12 septin homologues are dispensable for growth in c. neoformans yeast cells at 24 degrees c but are essential at 3 ... | 2010 | 19943902 |
| inactivation of burkholderia cepacia complex phage ks9 gp41 identifies the phage repressor and generates lytic virions. | the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) is made up of at least 17 species of gram-negative opportunistic bacterial pathogens that cause fatal infections in patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic granulomatous disease. ks9 (vb_bcens_ks9), one of a number of temperate phages isolated from bcc species, is a prophage of burkholderia pyrrocinia lmg 21824. transmission electron micrographs indicate that ks9 belongs to the family siphoviridae and exhibits the b1 morphotype. the 39,896-bp ks9 genome, ... | 2010 | 19939932 |
| dose-dependent cellular and humoral responses in galleria mellonella larvae following beta-glucan inoculation. | galleria mellonella larvae were inoculated with different doses of beta-glucan by injection into the haemocoel. those larvae that had received high doses of beta-glucan (15, 30 or 60microg/larva) demonstrated increased survival following infection with the yeast candida albicans. high concentrations of glucan induced an increase in haemocyte density and a reduction in yeast proliferation within the haemocoel. proteomic analysis of glucan-treated larvae revealed increased expression of a variety ... | 2010 | 19925881 |
| galleria mellonella as a model system for studying listeria pathogenesis. | essential aspects of the innate immune response to microbial infection are conserved between insects and mammals. this has generated interest in using insects as model organisms to study host-microbe interactions. we used the greater wax moth galleria mellonella, which can be reared at 37 degrees c, as a model host for examining the virulence potential of listeria spp. here we report that galleria is an excellent surrogate model of listerial septic infection, capable of clearly distinguishing be ... | 2010 | 19897755 |
| organization and evolutionary trajectory of the mating type (mat) locus in dermatophyte and dimorphic fungal pathogens. | sexual reproduction in fungi is governed by a specialized genomic region, the mating type (mat) locus, whose gene identity, organization, and complexity are diverse. we identified the mat locus of five dermatophyte fungal pathogens (microsporum gypseum, microsporum canis, trichophyton equinum, trichophyton rubrum, and trichophyton tonsurans) and a dimorphic fungus, paracoccidioides brasiliensis, and performed phylogenetic analyses. the identified mat locus idiomorphs of m. gypseum control cell t ... | 2010 | 19880755 |
| examination of xenorhabdus nematophila lipases in pathogenic and mutualistic host interactions reveals a role for xlpa in nematode progeny production. | xenorhabdus nematophila is a gammaproteobacterium and broad-host-range insect pathogen. it is also a symbiont of steinernema carpocapsae, the nematode vector that transports the bacterium between insect hosts. x. nematophila produces several secreted enzymes, including hemolysins, lipases, and proteases, which are thought to contribute to virulence or nutrient acquisition for the bacterium and its nematode host in vivo. x. nematophila has two lipase activities with distinct in vitro specificitie ... | 2010 | 19880652 |
| comparative analysis of the virulence of invertebrate and mammalian pathogenic bacteria in the oral insect infection model galleria mellonella. | infection of galleria mellonella by feeding a mixture of bacillus thuringiensis spores or vegetative bacteria in association with the toxin cry1c results in high levels of larval mortality. under these conditions the toxin or bacteria have minimal effects on the larva when inoculated separately. in order to evaluate whether g. mellonella can function as an oral infection model for human and entomo-bacterial pathogens, we tested strains of bacillus cereus, bacillus anthracis, enterococcus faecali ... | 2010 | 19800349 |
| a peptidomics study reveals the impressive antimicrobial peptide arsenal of the wax moth galleria mellonella. | the complete antimicrobial peptide repertoire of galleria mellonella was investigated for the first time by lc/ms. combining data from separate trypsin, glu-c and asp-n digests of immune hemolymph allowed detection of 18 known or putative g. mellonella antimicrobial peptides or proteins, namely lysozyme, moricin-like peptides (5), cecropins (2), gloverin, gm proline-rich peptide 1, gm proline-rich peptide 2, gm anionic peptide 1 (p1-like), gm anionic peptide 2, galiomicin, gallerimycin, inducibl ... | 2009 | 19786100 |
| the dlt operon of bacillus cereus is required for resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides and for virulence in insects. | the dlt operon encodes proteins that alanylate teichoic acids, the major components of cell walls of gram-positive bacteria. this generates a net positive charge on bacterial cell walls, repulsing positively charged molecules and conferring resistance to animal and human cationic antimicrobial peptides (amps) in gram-positive pathogenic bacteria. amps damage the bacterial membrane and are the most effective components of the humoral immune response against bacteria. we investigated the role of t ... | 2009 | 19767427 |
| phase variation has a role in burkholderia ambifaria niche adaptation. | members of the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc), such as b. ambifaria, are effective biocontrol strains, for instance, as plant growth-promoting bacteria; however, bcc isolates can also cause severe respiratory infections in people suffering from cystic fibrosis (cf). no distinction is known between isolates from environmental and human origins, suggesting that the natural environment is a potential source of infectious bcc species. while investigating the presence and role of phase variation ... | 2010 | 19710710 |
| virulence of enterococcus faecalis dairy strains in an insect model: the role of fsrb and gele. | despite the existence of various virulence factors in the enterococcus genus, enterococcal virulence is still a debated issue. a main consideration is the detection of the same virulence genes in strains isolated from nosocomial or community-acquired infections, and from food products. the goal of this study was to evaluate the roles of two well-characterized enterococcal virulence factors, fsr and gelatinase, in the potential virulence of enterococcus faecalis food strains. virulence of unrelat ... | 2009 | 19696101 |
| host resistance reverses the outcome of competition between microparasites. | predators and parasites can control the abundance or biomass of herbivores with indirect effects on producer communities and ecosystems, but the interplay of multiple natural enemies may yield unexpected dynamics. we experimentally examined interactions between two microparasites (entomopathogenic nematodes) isolated from sandy grassland soils of coastal california: heterorhabditis marelatus (heterorhabditidae) and steinernema feltiae (steinernematidae). heterorhabditis marelatus drives trophic ... | 2009 | 19694121 |
| ecological characterization of entomopathogenic nematodes isolated in stone fruit orchard soils of mediterranean areas. | entomopathogenic nematodes in the families steinernematidae and heterorhabditidae were isolated from stone-fruit orchards in two mediterranean regions of spain. a total of 630 soil samples (210 sites) from catalonia and 90 soil samples (30 sites) from murcia were evaluated resulting in 5.2% and 20% of the soils testing positive for nematodes, respectively. ten steinernematid isolates and three heterorhabditid isolates were recovered using the galleria mellonella baiting method. based on morphome ... | 2009 | 19679134 |
| identification of collagen iv derived danger/alarm signals in insect immunity by nanolc-fticr ms. | the immune system can be stimulated by microbial molecules as well as by endogenously derived danger/alarm signals of host origin. using the lepidopteran model insect galleria mellonella, we recently discovered that fragments of collagen iv, resulting from hydrolysis by microbial metalloproteinases, represent danger/alarm signals in insects. here, we characterized immune-stimulatory peptides generated by thermolysin-mediated degradation of collagen iv using nanospray ionization fourier transform ... | 2009 | 19663685 |
| spores as infectious propagules of cryptococcus neoformans. | cryptococcus neoformans and cryptococcus gattii are closely related pathogenic fungi that cause pneumonia and meningitis in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts and are a significant global infectious disease risk. both species are found in the environment and are acquired via inhalation, leading to an initial pulmonary infection. the infectious propagule is unknown but is hypothesized to be small desiccated yeast cells or spores produced by sexual reproduction (opposite- or same-sex ... | 2009 | 19620339 |
| the (p)ppgpp synthetase rela contributes to stress adaptation and virulence in enterococcus faecalis v583. | guanosine penta- and tetraphosphate [(p)ppgpp] are two unusual nucleotides implied in the bacterial stringent response. in many pathogenic bacteria, mutants unable to synthesize these molecules lose their virulence. in gram-positive bacteria such as enterococcus faecalis, the synthesis and degradation of (p)ppgpp mainly depend on the activity of a bifunctional enzyme, encoded by the rela gene. by analysing deltarela and deltarelq (which encodes a protein harbouring a ppgpp synthetase activity) d ... | 2009 | 19608607 |
| astemizole and an analogue promote fungicidal activity of fluconazole against cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii and cryptococcus gattii. | cryptococcus neoformans is the leading cause of fungal meningitis, a life-threatening infection that occurs predominately in immuocompromised patients. current drug therapies are limited to amphotericin b, flucytosine and the azoles since the echinocandins have no demonstrated activity against yeast like pathogens. fluconazole, a drug belonging to the azole class and often the only available antifungal in the developing world, is fungistatic and therefore not effective in clearing cryptococcal i ... | 2010 | 19572230 |
| mixed infection of galleria mellonella with two entomopathogenic nematode (nematoda: rhabditida) species: steinernema affine benefits from the presence of steinernema kraussei. | the interactions of two sympatric entomopathogenic nematodes steinernema affine and steinernema. kraussei were studied in a series of laboratory experiments. single species, simultaneous and sequential infections of galleria mellonella were performed in eppendorf tubes and the invasion rate, nematode progeny production and the number of hosts producing nematode progeny were observed. the invasion rate of s. affine was not affected by the mixed infection whereas the invasion of the latter species ... | 2009 | 19531365 |
| identification of specific and universal virulence factors in burkholderia cenocepacia strains by using multiple infection hosts. | over the past few decades, strains of the burkholderia cepacia complex have emerged as important pathogens for patients suffering from cystic fibrosis. identification of virulence factors and assessment of the pathogenic potential of burkholderia strains have increased the need for appropriate infection models. in previous studies, different infection hosts, including mammals, nematodes, insects, and plants, have been used. at present, however, the extent to which the virulence factors required ... | 2009 | 19528212 |
| gut bacteria are not required for the insecticidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis toward the tobacco hornworm, manduca sexta. | it was recently proposed that gut bacteria are required for the insecticidal activity of the bacillus thuringiensis-based insecticide, dipel, toward the lepidopterans manduca sexta, pieris rapae, vanessa cardui, and lymantria dispar. using a similar methodology, it was found that gut bacteria were not required for the toxicity of dipel or cry1ac or for the synergism of an otherwise sublethal concentration of cry1ac toward m. sexta. the toxicities of dipel and of b. thuringiensis hd73 cry(-) spor ... | 2009 | 19525273 |
| ace, which encodes an adhesin in enterococcus faecalis, is regulated by ers and is involved in virulence. | enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen that causes numerous infectious diseases in humans and is a major agent of nosocomial infections. in this work, we showed that the recently identified transcriptional regulator ers (prfa like), known to be involved in the cellular metabolism and the virulence of e. faecalis, acts as a repressor of ace, which encodes a collagen-binding protein. we characterized the promoter region of ace, and transcriptional analysis by reverse transcription-quan ... | 2009 | 19433548 |
| juvenile hormone binding protein traffic -- interaction with atp synthase and lipid transfer proteins. | juvenile hormone (jh) controls insect development, metamorphosis and reproduction. in insect hemolymph a significant proportion of jh is bound to juvenile hormone binding protein (jhbp), which serves as a carrier supplying the hormone to the target tissues. to shed some light on jhbp passage within insect tissues, the interaction of this carrier with other proteins from galleria mellonella (lepidoptera) was investigated. our studies revealed the presence of jhbp within the tracheal epithelium an ... | 2009 | 19426705 |
| hemolin expression in the silk glands of galleria mellonella in response to bacterial challenge and prior to cell disintegration. | hemolin, a member of the immunoglobulin protein superfamily, functions in lepidoptera as an opsonin in defence against potential pathogens and seems to play a role in tissue morphogenesis. we show that hemolin gene is expressed in several organs of galleria mellonella larvae, including the nervous system and the silk glands. the expression in the silk glands of the wandering larvae and their isolated abdomens is enhanced within 6h after an injection of bacteria, lipopolysaccharides, or peptidogl ... | 2009 | 19414015 |
| galleria mellonella as an alternative infection model for yersinia pseudotuberculosis. | we report that larvae of the wax moth (galleria mellonella) are susceptible to infection with the human enteropathogen yersinia pseudotuberculosis at 37 degrees c. confocal microscopy demonstrated that in the initial stages of infection the bacteria were taken up into haemocytes. to evaluate the utility of this model for screening y. pseudotuberculosis mutants we constructed and tested a superoxide dismutase c (sodc) mutant. this mutant showed increased susceptibility to superoxide, a key mechan ... | 2009 | 19383703 |
| galleria mellonella as a model system to study acinetobacter baumannii pathogenesis and therapeutics. | nonmammalian model systems of infection such as galleria mellonella (caterpillars of the greater wax moth) have significant logistical and ethical advantages over mammalian models. in this study, we utilize g. mellonella caterpillars to study host-pathogen interactions with the gram-negative organism acinetobacter baumannii and determine the utility of this infection model to study antibacterial efficacy. after infecting g. mellonella caterpillars with a reference a. baumannii strain, we observe ... | 2009 | 19332683 |
| spite and virulence in the bacterium pseudomonas aeruginosa. | social interactions within populations of pathogenic microbes may play an important role in determining disease virulence. one such ubiquitous interaction is the production of anticompetitor toxins; an example of a spiteful behavior, because it results in direct fitness costs to both the actor and recipient. following from predictions made by mathematical models, we carried out experiments using the bacterium pseudomonas aeruginosa to test under what social conditions toxin (bacteriocin) product ... | 2009 | 19321425 |
| influence of cell density and phase variants of bacterial symbionts (xenorhabdus spp.) on dauer juvenile recovery and development of biocontrol nematodes steinernema carpocapsae and s. feltiae (nematoda: rhabditida). | the rhabditid nematodes steinernema carpocapsae and steinernema feltiae are used in biological control of insect pests. mass production is done in liquid culture media pre-incubated with their bacterial symbionts xenorhabdus nematophila and xenorhabdus bovienii, respectively, before nematode dauer juveniles (djs) are inoculated. as a response to food signals produced by the bacterial symbionts, the djs exit from the developmentally arrested dauer stage (they recover development) and grow to adul ... | 2009 | 19319521 |
| dispersal and infectivity of the entomogenous nematode, neoaplectana carpocapsae weiser (rhabditida: steinernematidae), in sand. | laboratory tests determined the lateral and vertical dispersal patterns of neoaplectana carpocapsae in sand. in the vertical tests, placement of infective juveniles 15 cm below the sand's surface resulted in the majority (77%) being recovered above the point of placement after 48 h. placement of the nematodes on the sand's surface resulted in the majority (90.4%) remaining within 1 cm of the sand's surface. placement of nematodes at depths of 2.5 cm and 5.0 cm below the sand's surface also resul ... | 1981 | 19300766 |
| biology, life cycle and redescription of, neoaplectana bibionis bovien, 1937 (nematoda: steinernematidae). | a greater knowledge of the morphology and the development of the infective third larval stage of neoaplectana bibionis bovien, 1937, a parasite of arthropods, makes it possible to recognise the second larval stage and present a description of all the developmental stages in the life cycle of the species. four larval stages can be recognised. l1 hatches from the egg. in a suitable host, when the population density is low, it develops directly into l4. when the population density is high, it devel ... | 1980 | 19300673 |
| steinernema feltiae (dd-136) and s. glaseri: persistence in soil and bark compost and their influence on native nematodes. | infective juveniles (j3) of the entomogenous nematodes steinernema feltiae dd-136 (ca. 10,000 j3/100 ml) and s. glaseri (ca. 2,500 j3/100 ml) were incubated in steam-sterilized and nonsterilized sandy soil and bark compost for 8 weeks at 25 c. the nematodes were recovered by a two-step extraction procedure at 1-week intervals, and their infectivity to lepidopterous larvae (spodoptera litura and galleria mellonella) and their effect on the population and community of native nematodes in soil were ... | 1986 | 19294183 |
| growth and virulence of steinernema glaseri influenced by different subspecies of xenorhabdus nematophilus. | three xenorhabdus nematophilus subspecies influenced steinernema glaseri growth profiles and growth rates, but this was not necessarily because of different bacterial growth rates. virulence of dauer nematodes in larval galleria mellonella varied with the number of dauers retaining bacteria and the bacterial subspecies. virulence was least for dauers grown on x. nematophilus subsp. bovienii because of the lack of retained bacteria. virulence was subsequently restored by culturing these nematodes ... | 1985 | 19294127 |
| heterorhabditis sp. (nematoda: heterorhabditidae): a nematode parasite isolated from the banded cucumber beetle diabrotica balteata. | a nematode identified as heterorhabditis sp. was discovered in june 1982 in larval cadavers of the banded cucumber beetle, diabrotica balteata, in soil on wooded land. effective beetle control (over 95%) was obtained when larvae were exposed to potted soil containing infective stage nematode juveniles or infected larval cadavers. the nematode was propagated in vivo on larvae of d. balteata, diaphania nitidalis (the pickleworm), and galleria mellonella (the greater wax moth). this heterorhabditis ... | 1985 | 19294074 |
| escape of steinernema feltiae from alginate capsules containing tomato seeds. | the entomogenous nematode steinernema feltiae was encapsulated in an alginate matrix containing a tomato seed. when these capsules were placed on 0.8% agar for 7 days, the seed germinated and ca. 20% of the nematodes escaped from the capsules, whereas only 0.1% escaped from capsules without seeds. when capsules containing nematodes and a seed were planted into sterilized or nonsterilized soil, nematodes escaped to infect galleria mellonella larvae. when seed in capsules containing ca. 274 nemato ... | 1987 | 19290145 |
| influence of soil ph and oxygen on persistence of steinernema spp. | survival of infective juveniles of steinernema carpocapsae and steinernema glaseri gradually declined during 16 weeks of observation as the tested soil ph decreased from ph 8 to ph 4. survival of both species of steinernema dropped sharply after 1 week at ph 10. survival or s. carpocapsae and s. glaseri was similar at ph 4, 6, and 8 during the first 4 weeks, but s. carpocapsae survival was significantly greater than s. glaseri at ph 10 through 16 weeks. steinernema carpocapsae and s. glaseri tha ... | 1990 | 19287743 |
| comparison of three methods for estimating the number of entomopathogenic nematodes present in soil samples. | numbers of steinernema sp. (cb2b) and s. carpocapsae (agriotos) exponentially declined after application into a clay loam soil. over a 35-day sampling period, steinernema sp. (cb2b) was more persistent than s. carpocapsae (agriotos). the presence or absence of the second-stage cuticle on the third-stage juveniles (j3) at the time of application did not alter the rate of population decline of steinernema sp. (cb2b). nearly all j3 of steinernema sp. (cb2b) and s. carpocapsae (agriotos) lost their ... | 1992 | 19283219 |
| heterorhabditid behavior in the presence of the cabbage maggot, delia radicum, and its host plants. | the behavior of heterorhabditis zealandica poinar strain t327 was investigated in the presence of the cabbage maggot, delia radicum l., and plants that are susceptible to d. radicum infestation. newly formed puparia and freeze-killed third instar larvae were attractive to infective nematodes. newly harvested infective nematodes did not respond to the puparia, whereas 1-month-old and 2-month-old nematodes reached the insect targets within 15 minutes. there were no significant differences in the a ... | 1992 | 19283195 |
| impact of a nematode-parasitic fungus on the effectiveness of entomopathogenic nematodes. | the impact of the nematode-parasitic fungus hirsutella rhossiliensis on the effectiveness of steinernema carpocapsae, s. glaseri, and heterorhabditis bacteriophora against galleria mellonella larvae was assessed in the laboratory. the presence of hirsutella conidia on the third-stage (j3) cuticle of s. carpocapsae and h. bacteriophora interfered with infection of insect larvae. conidia on the j3 cuticle of s. glaseri and on the ensheathing second-stage cuticle of h. bacteriophora did not reduce ... | 1992 | 19283194 |
| life cycle and reproductive potential of the nematode heterorhabditis bacteriophora strain hp88. | development of the entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis bacteriophora strain hp88 was studied in vivo with larvae of the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella, as host and in vitro. at 25 c in vivo, the duration of the life cycle from egg hatch to egg hatch was 96 hours. juvenile development took 48 hours, with the duration of each juvenile stage ranging from 8 to 12 hours. under crowded conditions, development proceeded to the infective juvenile (ij) stage instead of the third juvenile sta ... | 1992 | 19283008 |
| comparison of assays for the determination of entomogenous nematode infectivity. | injection, contact, and soil assays were used to compare infectivity of heterorhabditis bacteriophora strain hp88 and steinernema carpocapsae strain all to final instar galleria mellonella larvae. under comparable assay conditions, h. bacteriophora produced less galleria mortality and showed greater within-assay variability in infectivity than s. carpocapsae. injection of individual s. carpocapsae or h. bacteriophora infective juveniles into galleria indicated that a comparatively greater percen ... | 1992 | 19282995 |
| effects of eight brighteners as solar radiation protectants for steinernema carpocapsae, all strain. | seven commercially available blankophor fluorescent brighteners were compared with the standard tinopal lpw as solar radiation protectants for steinernema carpocapsae (all strain). blankophor bbh and tinopal lpw were the most successful uv screens, with 95% of the original nematode infectivity to larvae of the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella, retained after 4 hours of exposure to direct sunlight. the blankophor hrs and dml preserved 80 and 85% infectivity, and the p167 preserved 70% infect ... | 1994 | 19279965 |
| granular formulations of steinernema carpocapsae (strain all) (nematoda: rhabditida) with improved shelf life. | shelf life (nematode survival) of steinernema carpocapsae (strain all) nematodes at 21 c in "pesta" granules, made by a pasta-like process, was increased from 8 to 26 weeks by incorporating low concentrations of formaldehyde. pesta samples containing an average of 427,000 nematodes/g were prepared with wheat flour (semolina or bread flour), kaolin, bentonite, peat moss, nematode slurry, and formaldehyde (0-1.4% w/w) and were dried to a water content of 23.6-26.9%. nematodes emerged from pesta (s ... | 1994 | 19279903 |
| effects of temperature and dietary lipids on phospholipid fatty acids and membrane fluidity in steinernema carpocapsae. | the phospholipid composition of steinernema carpocapsae was studied in relation to diet and culture temperature. when reared at 18 and 27.5 c on galleria mellonella or on an artificial diet supplemented with lard, linseed oil, or fish oil as lipid sources, nematode phospholipids contained an abundance of 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids, with eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5(n - 3)) predominant, regardless of the fatty acid composition of the diet. because the level of linolenic acid (18:3(n - 3 ... | 1994 | 19279893 |
| survey of heterorhabditidae and steinernematidae (rhabditida, nematoda) in western canada. | a survey was done in the summer months along the alaska highway, in other parts of british columbia, in northern alberta, and in the yukon territory for steinernematid and heterorhabditid nematodes occurring in the top 10 cm of soil. steinernema feltiae and steinernema spp. were found at 18 and heterorhabditis megidis at 7 sites of 125 sampled. most nematodes were found where visible insect infestation occurred and where human influence on the habitat was substantial (e.g., agricultural, foreste ... | 1993 | 19279830 |
| simple in vivo production and storage methods for steinernema carpocapsae infective juveniles. | methods are described for standardized in vivo production, rapid harvest, and storage, in a concentrated form, of infective juveniles of the entomopathogenic nematode, steinernema carpocapsae mexican strain kapow selection. nematodes were stored in nematode wool configurations, consisting of mats of intertwined infective juveniles. freshly harvested nematodes are readily available in adequate quantities for laboratory and small-scale field evaluations as well as cottage industry production. | 1993 | 19279758 |
| interactions between nematodes and earthworms: enhanced dispersal of steinernema carpocapsae. | dispersal of the nematode steinernema carpocapsae (all strain), applied on the top or the bottom of soil columns, was tested in the presence or absence of two earthworm species, lumbricus terrestris or aporrectodea trapezoides. nematode dispersal was estimated after a 2-week period with a bioassay against the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella. vertical dispersal of nematodes was increased in the presence of earthworms. when nematodes were placed on the surface of soil columns, significantly ... | 1993 | 19279757 |
| natural occurrence of entomogenous nematodes in tennessee nursery soils. | to isolate potential insect biocontrol agents, entomogenous nematodes were surveyed in tennessee plant nurseries in 1991. soil samples from 113 nursery sites were baited with greater wax moth (galleria mellonella) larvae, house cricket (acheta domesticus) adults, lesser mealworm (alphitobius diaperings) adults, and house fly (musca domestica) larvae. heterorhabditis bacteriophora and steinernema carpocapsae were each recovered from 17 soil samples. heterorhabditis bacteriophora was more common i ... | 1993 | 19279756 |
| quantification of invasion of two strains of steinernema carpocapsae (weiser) into three lepidopteran larvae. | studies with last instar larvae of the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith), the black cutworm, agrotis ipsilon (hufnagel), and the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella (l.) were used to quantify the invasive ability of two strains (all and mexican) of steinernema carpocapsae and to determine how factors in the bioassay procedure affect both nematode invasion and host mortality. nematode invasive ability was variable, with 10-50% of nematodes successfully infecting the host. the p ... | 1993 | 19279755 |
| biological control of the pecan weevil, curculio caryae (coleoptera: curculionidae), with entomopathogenic nematodes. | steinernema carpocapsae (weiser) strain a11, s. feltiae (filipjev) strain sn, and heterorhabditis bacteriophora poinar strains hp88 and georgia were tested for their efficacy as biological control agents of the pecan weevil, curculio caryae (horn), in pecan orchard soil-profile containers under greenhouse conditions. percentage c. caryae parasitism by s. carpocapsae and h. bacteriophora strain hp88 and georgia was consistently poor when applied either prior to or following c. caryae entry into t ... | 1993 | 19279746 |
| effects of two carbamates on infective juveniles of stemernema carpocapsae all strain and steinernema feltiae umeå strain. | laboratory bioassays were conducted to determine the effects of two carbamates, carbofuran (an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor) and fenoxycarb (a juvenile hormone analog), on survival and infectivity of the infective juveniles (ij) of steinernema feltiae umeå strain and steinernema carpocapsae all strain. both insecticides caused mortality of ij in a dose-related fashion. the two nematode species were equally sensitive to fenoxycarb (ld ca. 0.03mg/ml). whereas ij of s. feltiae were several orders ... | 1996 | 19277148 |
| foliar sprays with steinernema carpocapsae against early-season apple pests. | persistence and field efficacy of the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema carpocapsae a11 strain applied by foliar sprays were evaluated against the apple sawfly hoplocampa testudinea and the plum curculio conotrachelus nenuphar, two early-season pests in quebec apple orchards. from 1992 to 1995, bioassays with galleria mellonella larvae were conducted to assess the persistence of s. carpocapsae on leaves, flower clusters, and twigs up to 4 days after evening application. s. carpocapsae juveni ... | 1998 | 19274253 |
| effects of culture method and formulation on the virulence of steinernema riobrave (rhabditida: steinernematidae) to diaprepes abbreviatus (coleoptera: curculionidae). | the diaprepes root weevil, diaprepes abbreviatus, is a pest of vegetables, ornamental plants, sugarcane, and citrus in florida and the caribbean. the entomopathogenic nematode, steinernema riobrave, can reduce larval populations of d. abbreviatus substantially. efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes, however, may be affected by culture method and formulation. using d. abbreviatus as the host, we compared the efficacy of two commercial s. riobrave formulations, a liquid and a waterdispersible gra ... | 2000 | 19270978 |
| effects of crop residue on the persistence of steinernema carpocapsae. | we determined the effects of crop residue on the persistence of an entomopathogenic nematode, steinernema carpocapsae. during 2 consecutive years, nematodes were applied at rates of 2.5 x 10 and 1.0 x 10 infective juveniles/m(2) to small field plots planted with corn. nematode persistence was monitored by exposing galleria mellonella larvae to soil samples from plots with and without crop residue (approximately 75% coverage of soybean stubble). persistence of s. carpocapsae was significantly gre ... | 1999 | 19270924 |
| temperature effects on heterorhabditis megidis and steinernema carpocapsae infectivity to galleria mellonella. | the effect of temperature on the infection of larvae of the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella, by heterorhabditis megidis h90 and steinernema carpocapsae strain all, was determined. for both species, infection, reproduction, and development were fastest at 20 to 24 degrees c. infection by both h. megidis and s. carpocapsae occurred between 8 and 16 degrees c; however, neither species reproduced at 8 degrees c. among the nematodes used in experiments at 8 degrees c, no h. megidis and very few ... | 1999 | 19270900 |
| effect of entomopathogenic nematodes and trichoderma harzianum on the strawberry black root rot pathogens pratylenchus penetrans and rhizoctonia fragariae. | the effects of inundative releases of entomopathogenic steinernema carpocapsae and s. feltiae infective juveniles and applications of the biological control fungus trichoderma harzianum t-22 (rootshield) on pratylenchus penetrans and strawberry black root rot caused by rhizoctonia fragariae were determined in field microplots and small plots. entomopathogenic nematodes were applied as a soil drench at rates of 7.4 or 14.8 billion per ha in may or august for 3 years. rootshield was applied as cro ... | 2002 | 19265955 |
| optimization of inoculation for in vivo production of entomopathogenic nematodes. | entomopathogenic nematodes are potent biopesticides that can be mass-produced by in vitro or in vivo methods. for in vivo production, consistently high infection rates are critical to efficiency of the process. our objective was to optimize in vivo inoculation of steinernema carpocapsae and heterorhabditis bacteriophora in galleria mellonella and tenebrio molitor by determining effects of inoculation method, nematode concentration, and host density. we found immersing hosts in a nematode suspens ... | 2002 | 19265954 |
| development rates in entomopathogenic nematodes: infected hosts vs. aqueous suspension. | rearing conditions have been shown to affect several aspects of entomopathogenic nematode biology, including dispersal behavior and infectivity. the present study explores the differences in development rate of heterorhabditis bacteriophora and steinernema carpocapsae when infective juveniles (ij) were collected in water using the standard white trap method vs. natural emergence from cadavers into sand. we exposed galleria mellonella to ij entompopathogenic nematodes treated in one of three ways ... | 2002 | 19265953 |
| insecticidal toxic proteins produced by photorhabdus luminescens akhurstii, a symbiont of heterorhabditis indica. | we describe the isolation and characterization of an insect pathogenic bacterium from the entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis indica (karnataka strain), an isolate from the southern regions of india. the strain has been identified and characterized by phenotypic, biochemical tests and pcr-rflp analysis of the 16s rrna gene as photorhabdus luminescens subsp. akhurstii. the insecticidal toxin complex produced by this bacterium has been purified through a series of steps including ultrafiltra ... | 2002 | 19265903 |
| recycling potential and fitness of steinernematid nematodes cultured in curculio caryae and galleria mellonella. | the recycling potential of entomopathogenic nematodes in the pecan weevil, curculio caryae, following inundative applications is an important factor in considering whether nematodes could be incorporated into a c. caryae management strategy. our objective was to determine the recycling potential and fitness of steinernema carpocapsae and s. riobrave cultured in c. caryae. to estimate fitness and quality, we reared nematodes in larvae of c. caryae and in the commonly used standard host, the great ... | 2005 | 19262838 |
| target host finding by steinernema feltiae and heterorhabditis bacteriophora in the presence of a non-target insect host. | the ability of steinernema feltiae or heterorhabditis bacteriophora infective juveniles (ij), when applied to the soil surface, to infect a galleria mellonella larva at the base of a soil-filled cup (276 cm(3)) was evaluated in the presence and absence of 100 larvae of a non-target insect, the aphid midge aphidoletes aphidimyza, near the soil surface. in all four trials with either s. feltiae or h. bacteriophora, a. aphidimyza presence did not affect the number of ij finding and infecting a g. m ... | 2004 | 19262818 |
| effect of entomopathogenic nematode concentration on survival during cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen. | entomopathogenic nematodes are used for biological control of insect pests. a method for improved cryopreservation of infective juvenile stage nematodes has been developed using steinernema carpocapsae and heterorhabditis bacteriophora. optimum survival for both species was achieved with 12,000 infective juveniles/ml in glycerol and 7,500/ml in ringer's solution. for s. carpocapsae, maximum survival also was observed with 60,000 infective juveniles/ml in glycerol and 25,000/ml in ringer's soluti ... | 2004 | 19262817 |
| emergence and dispersal patterns of two isolates of the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema feltiae. | few studies have addressed the role of the sexes in the emergence and dispersal of entomopathogenic nematodes from host insects. individuals of two isolates of steinernema feltiae, uk76 and sbil, emerging from galleria mellonella cadavers were classed as non-dispersed (remaining on the cadaver for up to nine days) and dispersed (actively moving away from the cadaver). sex ratios within both classes were examined in infective (individuals that successfully invaded bait g. mellonella) and entire ( ... | 2006 | 19259450 |
| morphological and ecological characterization of steinernema feltiae (rhabditida: steinernematidae) rioja strain isolated from bibio hortulanus (diptera: bibionidae) in spain. | a new strain of steinernema feltiae (rhabditida: steinernematidae) was isolated in la rioja (spain) from larvae of bibio hortulanus (diptera: bibionidae). a comparative morphometric analysis of this new strain and four additional s. feltiae isolates was performed. although significant differences in morphometric measurements were observed, pcr-rflp profiles and sequence analysis of the its region of rdna confirmed the identity of the new strain as a2 rflp type of s. feltiae. a comparative morpho ... | 2006 | 19259432 |
| evidence of oxidative and antioxidative responses by galleria mellonella larvae to malathion. | antioxidant defense components protect insects by scavenging reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative stress. i therefore investigated the effects of an organophosphorous insecticide, malathion, on superoxide dismutase (sod) and acetylcholinesterase (ache) activities as well as glutathione (gsh) and malondialdehyde (mda) content as oxidative stress biomarkers in whole body of greater wax moth, galleria mellonella (l.), larvae. subcellular fractionation also was assayed for sod and ache enzy ... | 2009 | 19253631 |
| humoral immune response of galleria mellonella larvae after infection by beauveria bassiana under optimal and heat-shock conditions. | natural infection of galleria mellonella larvae with the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana led to antifungal, but not antibacterial host response. this was manifested by induction of gallerimycin and galiomicin gene expression and, consequently, the appearance of antifungal activity in the hemolymph of the infected larvae. the activity of lysozyme increased at the beginning of infection and dropped while infection progressed. exposure of the naturally infected animals to 43 degrees c fo ... | 2009 | 19232408 |
| host range and infectivity of heterorhabditis bacteriophora (heterorhabditidae) from ukraine. | entomopathogenic nematodes (epns) in the genera steinernema and heterorhabditis (rhabditida: steinernematidae and heterorhabditidae, respectively) represent a most promising group of pathogens that are lethal to many soil-inhabiting insects. ukraine has lagged behind of eastern european countries in apply studies of entomopathogenic nematodes. recently, heterorhabditis bacteriophora were extracted from soils in the central forest steppe areas of ukraine using galleria mellonella traps and identi ... | 2008 | 19226814 |
| experimental bacteriophage therapy increases survival of galleria mellonella larvae infected with clinically relevant strains of the burkholderia cepacia complex. | the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) is a group of bacterial pathogens that are highly antibiotic resistant and associated with debilitating respiratory infections. although bacteriophages of the bcc have been isolated and characterized, no studies have yet examined phage therapy against the bcc in vivo. in a caterpillar infection model, we show that bcc phage therapy is an alternative treatment possibility and is highly effective under specific conditions. | 2009 | 19223640 |
| effect of the change in energy reserves on the entomopathogenic nematode efficacy. | the free-living infective juveniles of the entomopathogenic nematodes are non-feeding, so the stored energy reserves in these juveniles are of great importance. the relationship between the energy reserves and the efficacy of the entomopathogenic nematodes of genera heterorhabditis and steinernema was studied. new progenies of s. riobrave and h. bacteriophora (isk-2 strains), were obtained using the continuous culturing method of nematode juveniles (ijs), for the several cycles under the optimum ... | 2008 | 19209775 |
| harnessing hsp90 function as a powerful, broadly effective therapeutic strategy for fungal infectious disease. | invasive fungal infections are a leading cause of mortality among immunocompromised individuals. treatment is notoriously difficult with the limited armamentarium of antifungal drugs, whose efficacy is compromised by host toxicity, a limited activity spectrum, or the emergence of drug resistance. we previously established that the molecular chaperone hsp90 enables the emergence and maintenance of fungal drug resistance. for the most prevalent fungal pathogen of humans, candida albicans, hsp90 me ... | 2009 | 19196973 |
| hd-gyp domain proteins regulate biofilm formation and virulence in pseudomonas aeruginosa. | hd-gyp is a protein domain involved in the hydrolysis of the bacterial second messenger cyclic-di-gmp. the genome of the human pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1 encodes two proteins (pa4108, pa4781) with an hd-gyp domain and a third protein, pa2572, which contains a domain with variant key residues (yn-gyp). here we have investigated the role of these proteins in biofilm formation, virulence factor synthesis and virulence of p. aeruginosa. mutation of pa4108 and pa4781 led to an increase in t ... | 2009 | 19170727 |
| an fmlp receptor is involved in activation of phagocytosis by hemocytes from specific insect species. | in mammalian phagocytes, the bacterial formylated peptide fmlp functions both as a potent enhancer of phagocytosis and chemoattractant. fmlp has been reported to be chemotactic for hemocytes of two marine invertebrates, and of the insect manduca sexta (lepidoptera). whether fmlp is also able to activate phagocytosis has not been explored in hemocytes of any invertebrate. to determine the effect of fmlp on insect hemocyte phagocytosis, in vitro phagocytosis assays were performed with hemocytes fr ... | 2009 | 19166874 |
| conidiation color mutants of aspergillus fumigatus are highly pathogenic to the heterologous insect host galleria mellonella. | the greater wax moth galleria mellonella has been widely used as a heterologous host for a number of fungal pathogens including candida albicans and cryptococcus neoformans. a positive correlation in pathogenicity of these yeasts in this insect model and animal models has been observed. however, very few studies have evaluated the possibility of applying this heterologous insect model to investigate virulence traits of the filamentous fungal pathogen aspergillus fumigatus, the leading cause of i ... | 2009 | 19156203 |
| reduced susceptibility to vancomycin influences pathogenicity in staphylococcus aureus infection. | in the present study, we demonstrated the utility of the nonmammalian model system galleria mellonella for studying the pathogenesis of staphylococcus aureus infection. by use of clinical and laboratory strains that had been exposed to vancomycin, we showed that both agr functional status and vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration are determinants associated with the virulence of s. aureus in g. mellonella. these results show that g. mellonella can be effectively used to facilitate the in v ... | 2009 | 19125671 |
| use of galleria mellonella larvae to evaluate the in vivo anti-fungal activity of [ag2(mal)(phen)3]. | larvae of the insect galleria mellonella were employed to assess the in vivo antifungal efficacy of ([ag(2)(mal)(phen)(3)]), agno(3) and 1,10-phenanthroline. larvae pre-inoculated with these compounds were protected from a subsequent lethal infection by the yeast candida albicans while larvae inoculated 1 and 4 h post-infection showed significantly increased survival (p < 0.01) compared to control larvae. administration of these compounds resulted in an increase over 48 h in the density of insec ... | 2009 | 19082779 |
| insecticidal genes of yersinia spp.: taxonomical distribution, contribution to toxicity towards manduca sexta and galleria mellonella, and evolution. | toxin complex (tc) proteins termed tcaabc, tcdab, and tccabc with insecticidal activity are present in a variety of bacteria including the yersiniae. | 2008 | 19063735 |
| potential of two entomopathogenic nematodes for suppression of plum curculio (conotrachelus nenuphar, coleoptera: curculionidae) life stages in northern climates. | plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar, is a major pest of pome and stone fruits in north america. we evaluated the potential efficacy of two entomopathogenic nematode species for suppression of plum curculio in northern regions, targeting life stages that reside in soil during spring and summer. a strain of heterorhabditis bacteriophora isolated from soil infested with plum curculio in northern utah and a commercially available strain of steinernema feltiae known to tolerate cool temperatures we ... | 2008 | 19036207 |
| predation by podisus maculiventris (say) (hemiptera: pentatomidae) on viburnum leaf beetle, pyrrhalta viburni (paykull) (coleoptera: chrysomelidae), under laboratory and field conditions. | to evaluate the potential of podisus maculiventris (say) (heteroptera: pentatomidae) as a biological control agent against viburnum leaf beetle, pyrrhalta viburni (paykull) (coleoptera: chrysomelidae), laboratory trials were conducted to measure prey consumption of p. maculiventris over nymphal development. field trials tested the impact of augmentative releases of p. maculiventris nymphs on populations of p. viburni, using both open shrubs and caged branches of viburnum trilobum. in the laborat ... | 2008 | 19036203 |
| an alternative insect pathogenic strategy in an aspergillus flavus auxotroph. | in order to study fungal pathogen evolution, we used a model system whereby the opportunistic fungus aspergillus flavus was serially propagated through the insect (galleria mellonella) larvae, yielding a cysteine/methionine auxotroph of a. flavus with properties of an obligate insect pathogen. the auxotroph exhibited insect host restriction but did not show any difference in virulence when compared with the wild-type (scully lr, bidochka mj, 2006. microbiology 152, 223-232). here, we report that ... | 2009 | 19028580 |
| ninab combines carotenoid oxygenase and retinoid isomerase activity in a single polypeptide. | in animals, successful production of the visual chromophore (11-cis-retinal or derivatives thereof such as 11-cis-3-hydroxy-retinal) is essential for photoreceptor cell function and survival. these carotenoid-derived compounds must combine with a protein moiety (the opsin) to establish functional visual pigments. evidence from cell culture systems has implicated that the retinal pigment epithelium protein of 65 kda (rpe65) is the long-sought all-trans to 11-cis retinoid isomerase. rpe65 is struc ... | 2008 | 19020100 |
| antibacterial activity in vivo and in vitro in the hemolymph of galleria mellonella infected with pseudomonas aeruginosa. | the antibacterial activity of hemolymph from galleria mellonella infected with entomopathogenic strain of pseudomonas aeruginosa and non-pathogenic bacterium escherichia coli was studied. in vivo, the antimicrobial activity appeared shortly after p. aeruginosa infection, reached the maximum level 18 h postinjection, while 30 h later only trace activity was noted. the activity induced by e. coli sustained on the high level until 48 h after infection. we also noted that the antimicrobial activity ... | 2009 | 18996217 |
| to complete their life cycle, pathogenic nematode-bacteria complexes deter scavengers from feeding on their host cadaver. | the life cycle of commercially used molluscicidal rhabditid nematodes phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita and entomopathogenic steinernematid nematodes is similar: infective stages carry symbiotic bacteria, which kill their host. nematodes complete their life cycle feeding on the proliferating symbiont and the host tissue. after 1-2 weeks, new infective stages carrying the bacteria leave the host cadaver in search of new hosts. the removal of invertebrate cadavers by scavengers is extremely fast and r ... | 2009 | 18977420 |
| larval morphology and anatomy of the parasitoid exorista larvarum (diptera: tachinidae), with an emphasis on cephalopharyngeal skeleton and digestive tract. | the endogenous development of the tachinid gregarious larval parasitoid exorista larvarum l. (diptera: tachinidae) has been analyzed in the last larval instar of a factitious host, the wax moth galleria mellonella l. (lepidoptera: pyralidae), with the use of histological techniques and scanning electron microscopy. this study has focused on the parasitoid internal body structures and their changes during the larval development. the first and second instars are enveloped by a host-derived hemocyt ... | 2009 | 18942884 |
| the yvftu two-component system is involved in plcr expression in bacillus cereus. | most extracellular virulence factors produced by bacillus cereus are regulated by the pleiotropic transcriptional activator plcr. among strains belonging to the b. cereus group, the plcr gene is always located in the vicinity of genes encoding the yvftu two-component system. the putative role of yvftu in the expression of the plcr regulon was therefore investigated. | 2008 | 18925929 |
| boric acid-induced effects on protein profiles of galleria mellonella hemolymph and fat body. | the dietary effects of boric acid (ba) on the protein profiles of greater wax moth, galleria mellonella (l.), were investigated in hemolymph and fat body of final instar (viith) and pupae. the insects were reared from first-instar larvae on an artificial diets containing 156, 620, 1250 or 2500 ppm of ba. we detected many undetermined protein fractions (6.5-260 kda) in addition to well-defined protein fractions such as lipophorins and storage proteins in the tissues by using sodium dodecyl-sulpha ... | 2008 | 18839695 |
| age and sex related variations in protein and carbohydrate levels of galleria mellonella (linnaeus, 1758) (lepidoptera: pyralidae) in constant lightness and darkness. | variations in protein and carbohydrate levels correlated with the age and sex of galleria mellonella (linnaeus, 1758) (lepidoptera: pyralidae) in constant lightness and darkness were investigated. tests were conducted under laboratory conditions at 28 +/- 2 degrees c temperature and 65 +/- 5% relative humidity. insects were fed on combs without honey. protein level in 100 mg of adults increased in the first days of adult life of females in connection with their age and then decreased. no differe ... | 2008 | 18819569 |
| insecticidal evaluation of beauveria bassiana engineered to express a scorpion neurotoxin and a cuticle degrading protease. | to improve the insecticidal efficacy of the entomopathogen beauveria bassiana, the fungus was genetically modified with an insect-specific scorpion neurotoxin aait and an insect cuticle degrading protease pr1a from another insect pathogen (metarhizium anisopliae). the wild-type and the transformants were bioassayed against the larvae of masson's pine caterpillar dendrolimus punctatus and the wax moth galleria mellonella. in comparison to the wild-type strain, engineered isolates took fewer spore ... | 2008 | 18800183 |
| host-derived extracellular nucleic acids enhance innate immune responses, induce coagulation, and prolong survival upon infection in insects. | extracellular nucleic acids play important roles in human immunity and hemostasis by inducing ifn production, entrapping pathogens in neutrophil extracellular traps, and providing procoagulant cofactor templates for induced contact activation during mammalian blood clotting. in this study, we investigated the functions of extracellular rna and dna in innate immunity and hemolymph coagulation in insects using the greater wax moth galleria mellonella a reliable model host for many insect and human ... | 2008 | 18684961 |
| steinernema carpocapsae dd136: metabolites limit the non-self adhesion responses of haemocytes of two lepidopteran larvae, galleria mellonella (f. pyralidae) and malacosoma disstria (f. lasiocampidae). | live adult and juvenile entomopathogenic steinernema carpocapsae dd136 (p. nematoda) were not subjected to adhesion by haemocytes of lepidopteran insect larvae of galleria mellonella or malacosoma disstriain vitro or in vivo. in vitro freeze-killed nematodes exhibited haemocyte attachment, the intensity increasing with time. accumulation of haemocytes on the dead nematodes was associated with host phenoloxidase activity; live nematodes and their exudates did not activate the enzyme whereas dead ... | 2008 | 18656470 |
| [purification and characterization of the haemocoel insecticide tp40 from xenorhabdus nematophila]. | xenorhabdus nematophila is an insect pathogen bacterium symbiotically associated with entomopathogenic nematode. the bacteria produce a number of toxins to overcome immune response of insect hosts and kill their hosts. we purified a novel haemocoel insecticidal protein from x. nematophila hb310, cloned and analysed gene sequence of this novel protein. | 2008 | 18652303 |
| the isolation and characterization of the mp and fp plaque variants of galleria mellonella nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | two plaque morphologies were detected in assays of galleria mellonella nuclear polyhedrosis virus preparations which had been serially passaged in the tn-368 cell line. the fp (few polyhedra) plaques were larger (0.7-mm average diameter) and the infected cells contained less than 10 polyhedra each. the mp (many polyhedra) plaques were smaller (0.5-mm average diameter), and the infected cells contained greater than 10 each. only the fp variant could be purified by plaque picking and remained pure ... | 1982 | 18635122 |
| presence of sialic acid in prothoracic glands of galleria mellonella (lepidoptera). | the presence of sialic acid (sa) in prothoracic glands (pgs) of galleria mellonella was determined by the methods of electron microscopy (em), histochemistry, spectrophotometry (sp) and electronic ionization (ei)-mass spectroscopy. histochemical observations were carried out by the cationic dye ruthenium red (rr), staining with and without neuraminidase digestion in the larval stage. neuraminidase-sensitive sa was demonstrated by the decrease in the amount of rr-binding following neuraminidase d ... | 1997 | 18627822 |
| role of symbiotic and non-symbiotic bacteria in carbon dioxide production from hosts infected with steinernema riobrave. | entomopathogenic nematodes of the family steinernematidae and their mutualistic bacteria (xenorhabdus spp.) are lethal endoparasites of insects. we hypothesized that growth of the nematode's mutualistic bacteria in the insect host may contribute to the production of cues used by the infective juveniles (ijs) in responding to potential hosts for infection. specifically, we tested if patterns of bacterial growth could explain differences in co2 production over the course of host infection. growth ... | 2008 | 18621386 |
| biological and immune response of galleria mellonella (lepidoptera: pyralidae) to sodium tetraborate. | inorganic insecticides are commonly used in urban pest management because of their low mammalian toxicity. we tested the effects of sodium tetraborate (st) on life parameters of greater wax moth, galleria mellonella (l.) (lepidoptera: pyralidae), to determine its sublethal toxicity on the insect. survival, development, adult longevity, and fecundity of the wax moth were investigated by rearing larvae on artificial diets containing st at concentrations of 0.005, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.3%. larvae reared o ... | 2008 | 18613578 |
| solid-phase microextraction/gas-chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis of p-dichlorobenzene and naphthalene in honey. | protection of honeycombs from the wax moth, galleria mellonella, involves the use of physical, biological or chemical control methods. as chemical control may result in residues in the extracted honey, the presence of p-dichlorobenzene and naphthalene residues was investigated by solid-phase microextraction (spme) coupled to gas-chromatographic/mass spectrometry (gc/ms). the method was linear between 5 and 200 microg kg(-1) honey for p-dichlorobenzene and 1 and 200 microg kg(-1) for naphthalene. ... | 2008 | 18608488 |
| attraction of four entomopathogenic nematodes to four white grub species. | to better understand the differences in the efficacy of entomopathogenic nematode species against white grub species, we are studying the various steps of the infection process of entomopathogenic nematodes into different white grub species using nematode species/strains with particular promise as white grub control agents. in this study we compared the attraction of the entomopathogenic nematodes steinernema scarabaei (amk001 strain), steinernema glaseri (nc1 strain), heterorhabditis zealandica ... | 2008 | 18597774 |
| purification and characterization of hemolymph prophenoloxidase from ostrinia furnacalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae) larvae. | prophenoloxidase (ppo) was isolated from the hemolymph of ostrinia furnacalis larvae and purified to homogeneity. a 369.85-fold purification and 35.34% recovery of activity were achieved by employing ammonium sulfate precipitation, blue sepharose cl-6b chromatography and phenyl sepharose cl-4b chromatography. the purified enzyme exhibits a band with a molecular mass of 158 kda on native page and two spots with a molecular mass of 80 kda and a pi of 5.70, and a molecular mass of 78 kda and a pi o ... | 2008 | 18577463 |
| identification, characterization of functional candidate genes for host-parasite interactions in entomopathogenetic nematode steinernema carpocapsae by suppressive subtractive hybridization. | identifying parasitism genes encoding proteins secreted from nematodes is the key to understanding the molecular basis of nematode parasitism to insects. in this paper, a cdna with two introns and three exons encoding a cysteine protease inhibitor was identified by screening a cdna subtractive library constructed from the nematode, steinernema carpocapsae, induced by galleria mellonella hemolymph. the full-length cdna contains an open reading frame encoding a 139-amino acid protein, designated s ... | 2008 | 18543000 |
| regulatory elements in the juvenile hormone binding protein gene from galleria mellonella--topography of binding sites for usp and ecrdbd. | the juvenile hormone binding protein (jhbp) plays a key role in the protection and transport of the hormone to target tissues. in this report the sequence of the jhbp promoter comprising about 2000 bp is characterized. using a minimized false positive algorithm, six putative regulatory elements, hunchback, heat shock factor binding element, ultrabithorax, broad-complex z3, elf-1 and chorion factor 1/ultraspiracle (cf1/usp) were found in the distal promoter of the jhbp gene. proteins from nuclear ... | 2016 | 18515113 |
| the cuticular fatty acids of calliphora vicina, dendrolimus pini and galleria mellonella larvae and their role in resistance to fungal infection. | epicuticular lipids in many terrestrial arthropods consist of vast numbers of polar and non-polar aliphatic compounds, which are mainly responsible for the water balance in these animals but can also affect conidia germination of entomopathogenic fungi. in this work the qualitative and quantitative profiles of cuticular fatty acids from three insect species differing in their susceptibility to fungal infection were studied. in an innovative approach, laser light scattering detection was coupled ... | 2008 | 18510973 |