Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| endosymbiotic wolbachia of parasitic filarial nematodes as drug targets. | the parasitic nematodes wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi and b. timori cause a dreadful disease in humans known as lymphatic filariasis, which afflicts more than 120 million people worldwide. as per recent epidemiologic estimates on prevalence of w. bancrofti and b. malayi, about 428 million people are at risk, with 28 million microfilaria carriers and 21 million clinical cases spread out in 13 states and 5 union territories of india. the indian subcontinent that comprises bangladesh, india, ... | 2005 | 16251775 |
| analysis of polymorphism of 18s rrna gene in wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae. | the polymorphism of the 18s rrna gene in wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae (mf) collected from three different zones in india was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp). the rflps of the amplified products obtained after digestion with restriction enzymes ssp i, msp i and hha i showed no difference in the banding patterns among the mf isolates from different endemic zones. further the sequencing of pcr products did not show any difference ... | 2005 | 16237268 |
| clinical correlates of filarial infection in haitian children: an association with interdigital lesions. | to assess clinical findings associated with wuchereria bancrofti infection, 192 school children in a filariasis-endemic area of haiti underwent physical and ultrasonographic examinations and testing for circulating filarial antigen (cfa). the cfa-positive children were more likely than cfa-negative children to have severe interdigital lesions (> or = 1 macerated lesion with involvement of > or = 4 toe web spaces) (p < 0.0001) and inguinal (p = 0.003) or crural (p = 0.004) lymph node pathology. i ... | 2005 | 16222022 |
| evaluation of the program to eliminate lymphatic filariasis in vanuatu following two years of mass drug administration implementation: results and methodologic approach. | this report presents the results of the vanuatu mid-term evaluation of the lymphatic filariasis elimination program being implemented countrywide. vanuatu is one of the first countries to initiate this program as part of the global program for elimination of lymphatic filariasis, based on a five-year annual mass drug administration (mda) of albendazole and diethylcarbamazine and complemented in vanuatu by extensive coverage with bed nets. this paper reports results of 561 persons tested at eight ... | 2005 | 16222021 |
| isolation and analysis of partial cdna sequence coding for superoxide dismutase in wuchereria bancrofti. | molecular characterization of wuchereria bancrofti is essential to develop suitable anti-filarial drugs and vaccines. we describe here isolation, sequence analysis and cloning of a partial cdna of an enzyme superoxide dismutase from this parasite. the immunoscreening of a lambda zap w. bancrofti microfilarial (mf) cdna library with microfilaremic sera had resulted in the isolation of several seroreactive clones including, wbsod. this clone contained a 309 bp insert and showed significant nucleot ... | 2006 | 16199210 |
| short communication: impact of long-term (14 years) bi-annual ivermectin treatment on wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia. | ivermectin has been and continues to be extensively used to control onchocerciasis in areas of hyper and mesoendemicity within the african programme of onchocerciasis control. as programmes to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (lf) caused by wuchereria bancrofti expand, areas of coendemicity with onchocerciasis will be incorporated into lf programmes. this study reports that in villages which were hyperendemic for onchocerciasis after some 14 years of treatment with ivermectin, no w. bancrofti coul ... | 2005 | 16185234 |
| distended thoracic duct and diffuse lymphangiectasia caused by bancroftian filariasis. | 2005 | 16177425 | |
| cloning and expression of a 12 kda serospecific epitope of wuchereria bancrofti. | the immunoscreening of a microfilarial cdna library of wuchereria bancrofti with microfilaraemic sera revealed many positive clones expressing filarial antigens. one immunoreactive clone, designated pmr1, was shown to encode a protein of 114 amino acid residues. the cdna fragment was subcloned into an expression vector, pinpoint xat. the resulting recombinant (r)pmr1-biotin fusion protein was expressed in escherichia coli (bl21 [de3] plys) and was affinity purified on avidin resin. analysis of s ... | 2005 | 16174102 |
| effect of water resource development and management on lymphatic filariasis, and estimates of populations at risk. | lymphatic filariasis (lf) is a debilitating disease overwhelmingly caused by wuchereria bancrofti, which is transmitted by various mosquito species. here, we present a systematic literature review with the following objectives: (i) to establish global and regional estimates of populations at risk of lf with particular consideration of water resource development projects, and (ii) to assess the effects of water resource development and management on the frequency and transmission dynamics of the ... | 2005 | 16172476 |
| does longevity of adult wuchereria bancrofti increase with decreasing intensity of parasite transmission? insights from clinical observations. | to interrupt transmission of wuchereria bancrofti, a parasite that causes lymphatic filariasis, mass treatment of at-risk populations with antifilarial drugs is recommended for 4-6 years, the minimum estimated adult worm lifespan. factors associated with adult worm longevity are unknown. in recife, brazil, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of 57 men whose adult w. bancrofti were not sensitive to diethylcarbamazine and who were followed with semi-annual physical examinations (to detect in ... | 2005 | 16165175 |
| [diagnostic tests: filaria]. | 2005 | 16111250 | |
| detection and characterization of wolbachia infections in wuchereria bancrofti (spirurida: onchocercidae) var. pacifica and aedes (stegomyia) polynesiensis (diptera: culicidae). | despite control programs based on mass drug administration (mda) of microfilaricidal compounds, bancroftian lymphatic filariasis remains a problem in french polynesia. for an alternative strategy to mda, we investigated the potential role of wolbachia to control filarial transmission. wolbachia are intracellular alpha-proteobacteria endosymbionts that infect a broad range of insects and nematodes. these bacteria have a suspected role in the pathogenesis of filariasis. they also may be useful in ... | 2005 | 16103603 |
| detection of benzimidazole resistance-associated mutations in the filarial nematode wuchereria bancrofti and evidence for selection by albendazole and ivermectin combination treatment. | the global program to eliminate lymphatic filariasis has been implemented to reduce human microfilaremia to levels low enough to break the transmission of the disease by using single annual doses of albendazole in combination with diethylcarbamazine or ivermectin. many veterinary helminth parasites have developed resistance against both albendazole and ivermectin. resistance to albendazole in veterinary nematodes is known to be caused by either of two single amino acid substitutions from phenyla ... | 2005 | 16103581 |
| is anthelmintic resistance a threat to the program to eliminate lymphatic filariasis? | 2005 | 16103580 | |
| pacific collaboration to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. | a regional programme to combat lymphatic filariasis in the pacific islands is showing great promise as it reaches its halfway point. the pacific programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (pacelf), established in 1999, aims to eliminate the disease from the pacific by 2010 - ten years ahead of the global target. set up with support from australia, and now funded primarily by japan and underpinned by the word health organization, pacelf is providing evidence that pacific nations can work coopera ... | 2005 | 16099721 |
| mass chemotherapy options to control lymphatic filariasis: a systematic review. | understanding the efficacy of microfilaricidal drugs is important in guiding the global programme for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public-health problem. we did a systematic review of the available literature to determine which currently available drug intervention most effectively decreases circulating wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria in individuals and populations. 57 randomised studies of drug efficacy were identified. data were combined and compared using weighted mean effec ... | 2005 | 16048720 |
| an unusual association with carcinoma pancreas: a case report. | 2005 | 16048509 | |
| mass ivermectin treatment for onchocerciasis: lack of evidence for collateral impact on transmission of wuchereria bancrofti in areas of co-endemicity. | there has long been interest in determining if mass ivermectin administration for onchocerciasis has 'unknowingly' interrupted lymphatic filariasis (lf) transmission where the endemicity of the two diseases' overlaps. we studied 11 communities in central nigeria entomologically for lf by performing mosquito dissections on anopheline lf vectors. six of the communities studied were located within an onchocerciasis treatment zone, and five were located outside of that zone. communities inside the t ... | 2005 | 16022728 |
| genetic polymorphisms of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin and eosinophil cationic protein in tropical pulmonary eosinophilia. | because eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (edn) and eosinophil cationic protein (ecp) are critical in the pathogenesis of tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (tpe), we analyzed genetic polymorphisms of both in 181 individuals from southern india with varying clinical manifestations of wuchereria bancrofti infection (including 26 with tpe). using haplotype frequency analysis, we identified four known (of nine) and two novel haplotypes for edn (1, 2, 7, 8, 10, and 11). for ecp, five (of seven known) haplo ... | 2005 | 16014847 |
| tolerance and efficacy of combined diethylcarbamazine and albendazole for treatment of wuchereria bancrofti and intestinal helminth infections in haitian children. | this randomized, placebo-controlled trial investigated the tolerance, efficacy, and nutritional benefit of combining chemotherapeutic treatment of intestinal helminths and lymphatic filariasis. children were infected with ascaris (30.7%), trichuris (53.4%), and hookworm (9.7%) with 69.9% having more than one of these parasites. a total of 15.8% of the children had wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae. children were randomly assigned treatment with placebo, albendazole (alb), diethylcarbamazine (de ... | 2005 | 16014845 |
| effects of combined diethylcarbamazine and albendazole treatment of bancroftian filariasis on parasite uptake and development in culex pipiens l. | we studied effects of combined diethylcarbamazine (dec) and albendazole (alb) treatment on wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria (mf) uptake and development of infective larvae (l3) in culex pipiens. consenting egyptian adults with microfilaremia (mf > 300/ml) were treated with one or seven daily doses of dec/alb. laboratory-reared mosquitoes were fed on subjects before and after treatment. mf uptake and infectivity (assessed by mosquito dissection) were reduced by 89.6% and 82.9%, respectively, 12 ... | 2005 | 16014844 |
| diminished expression and function of tlr in lymphatic filariasis: a novel mechanism of immune dysregulation. | lymphatic filariasis is a disease characterized by immune dysregulation involving apc and t cell populations. to assess the contribution of tlr in mediating this dysregulation, we examined the expression of tlr1, tlr2, tlr4, and tlr9 on b cells and monocytes of filaria-infected and uninfected individuals. baseline expression of tlr was significantly lower in b cells but not in monocytes of the filaria-infected group compared with the uninfected group. upon stimulation with filarial ag, a diminis ... | 2005 | 16002719 |
| setaria digitata: identification and characterization of a hypodermally expressed sxp/ral2 protein. | sxp-1, an immunodominant filarial protein identified from wuchereria bancrofti from our centre and previously exploited for diagnosis of human lymphatic filariasis, has been shown to be well conserved across several filarial species. in the present study, we describe the identification of sxp protein from the cattle filarid setaria digitata using antiserum raised against recombinant wbsxp-1, and were able to detect 34 and 66kda proteins from the crude protein extracts of s. digitata. these react ... | 2005 | 15979614 |
| macrofilaricidal activity after doxycycline treatment of wuchereria bancrofti: a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. | wolbachia endosymbionts of filarial nematodes are vital for larval development and adult-worm fertility and viability. this essential dependency on the bacterium for survival of the parasites has provided a new approach to treat filariasis with antibiotics. we used this strategy to investigate the effects of doxycycline treatment on the major cause of lymphatic filariasis, wuchereria bancrofti. | 2005 | 15964448 |
| anti-wolbachia treatment for lymphatic filariasis. | 2005 | 15964428 | |
| residual spatial correlation between geographically referenced observations: a bayesian hierarchical modeling approach. | analytic methods commonly used in epidemiology do not account for spatial correlation between observations. in regression analyses, this omission can bias parameter estimates and yield incorrect standard error estimates. we present a bayesian hierarchical model (bhm) approach that accounts for spatial correlation, and illustrate its strengths and weaknesses by applying this modeling approach to data on wuchereria bancrofti infection in haiti. | 2005 | 15951672 |
| case report and brief commentary: wuchereria bancrofti and onchocerca volvulus co-infection in a refugee from sierra leone. | filarial infection is endemic in the tropics and is a public health problem in africa, asia, south and central america, and the pacific islands. co-infection with filarial nematodes, if unrecognized, can result in untoward therapeutic consequences. we report a case of co-infection of wuchereria bancrofti and onchocerca volvulus that was diagnosed by direct blood smear (w. bancrofti ) and serology (o. volvulus) in a native of sierra leone. we comment briefly on the therapeutic implications of the ... | 2005 | 15943186 |
| microfilaria in cervicovaginal smear. | 2005 | 15924617 | |
| susceptibility of mansonia uniformis to brugia malayi microfilariae from infected domestic cat. | microfilariae of brugia malayi is transmitted to man and other susceptible hosts via mosquito. the transmission of b. malayi from cat to man by ma. uniformis bite has never been reported. the ma. uniformis mosquito is the normal vector for wuchereria bancrofti but has never been reported as a vector for b. malayi, or a susceptible host for the growth and development of the microfilariae of b. malayi. the purpose of this study was to examine the development of b. malayi in mansonia uniformis afte ... | 2005 | 15916051 |
| border and imported bancroftian filariases: baseline seroprevalence in sentinel populations exposed to infections with wuchereria bancrofti and concomitant hiv at the start of diethylcarbamazine mass treatment in thailand. | border bancroftian filariasis caused by wuchereria bancrofti nocturnally subperiodic mainly exists in karens residing alongside the thailand-myanmar border. imported bancroftian filariasis caused by w. bancrofti nocturnally periodic mainly exists in cross-border myanmar migrants. we analyzed seroprevalence data based on w. bancrofti adult worm antigen (ag) loads and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) immunoglobulins in the sentinel population samples which were studied prior to the start of the ... | 2005 | 15916046 |
| [the history of lymphatic filarlasis control programme in french polynesia: lessons from a 50 years effort]. | with a mean prevalence of microfilariaemia superior to 15% in the four archipelagos of the territory french polynesia was confronted with a huge public health problem of wuchereria bancrofti - associated filarias during the 50s. supported by a strong us sponsoring, a large scale control campaign based on diethylcarbamazine (dec) distribution was launched and led to the method of spaced doses (the most useful protocol being one annual dec dose). progressively applied to the whole polynesian popul ... | 2005 | 15915973 |
| a focus of lymphatic filariasis in a tea garden worker community of central assam. | a survey for lymphatic filariasis was conducted among tea garden workers of central assam. of the 656 night blood samples examined, 31 were found positive for wuchereria bancrofti parasite (microfilaria rate 4.7%). microfilaria rate was higher in male (7.3%) than females (2.1%). culex quinquefasciatus was incriminated as vector mosquito. | 2004 | 15907073 |
| rotational application of bioinsecticide with deltamethrin-an antilarval measure for the control of filarial vector, culex quinquefasciatus (culicidae: diptera). | a laboratory investigation was undertaken to study the cyclic usage of field recommended doses of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti), bacillus sphaericus (bsp) and combination of bti and bsp (half the recommended dose of each) with deltamethrin 2.8 ec to attain better control of mosquito larvae. to understand the susceptibility status of the culex quinquefasciatus larvae in the field, early fourth instar field collected larvae were exposed to the above treatments of biopesticides and were ... | 2004 | 15907070 |
| epidemiology of episodic adenolymphangitis: a longitudinal prospective surveillance among a rural community endemic for bancroftian filariasis in coastal orissa, india. | the epidemiological knowledge on acute condition of lymphatic filariasis is essential to understand the burden and issues on management of the disease. | 2005 | 15904537 |
| bancroftian filariasis in an endemic area of brazil: differences between genders during puberty. | gender differences in susceptibility to infectious diseases have been observed in various studies. a survey was performed in a bancroftian filariasis endemic area in the city of olinda, brazil. all residents aged 5 years or older were examined by thick blood film. people aged 9 to 16 years were interviewed and also tested for filarial antigenaemia. data were analyzed by contingency table methods and regression models. the risk of microfilaraemia for males was significantly higher. among those ag ... | 2005 | 15895172 |
| ultrasonographic examination of haitian children with lymphatic filariasis: a longitudinal assessment in the context of antifilarial drug treatment. | to assess the clinical findings associated with detection of adult wuchereria bancrofti worms on ultrasound, 186 schoolchildren in a filariasis-endemic area of haiti underwent physical and ultrasonographic examinations. the filaria dance sign (fds) of adult w. bancrofti was detected in the inguinal and crural lymphatics of 28 (15%) children. fds detection was more common in older children (p = 0.003) and in those with a history of inguinal lymph node inflammation (p = 0.002) or crural lymphadeno ... | 2005 | 15891143 |
| subconjunctival adult bancroftian filarial worm. | we report a case of live adult bancroftian filarial nematode removed from the sub conjunctival tissue of a 58-year-old woman from the temporal limbus of her left eye. | 2001 | 15887732 |
| the effect of eight half-yearly single-dose treatments with dec on wuchereria bancrofti circulating antigenaemia. | the effect of eight half-yearly treatment rounds with diethylcarbamazine (dec; 6mg/kg bodyweight) on wuchereria bancrofti-specific circulating filarial antigen (cfa), a marker of adult worm infection, was followed in 79 individuals who were cfa-positive before start of treatment. half of these were also microfilariae (mf)-positive. microfilaraemia decreased rapidly after onset of treatment and became undetectable after four treatments. circulating antigenaemia also decreased progressively, but a ... | 2005 | 15869771 |
| structure of glutathione s-transferase of the filarial parasite wuchereria bancrofti: a target for drug development against adult worm. | a three dimensional structural model of glutathione-s-transferase (gst) of the lymphatic filarial parasite wuchereria bancrofti (wb) was constructed by homology modeling. the three dimensional x-ray crystal structure of porcine pi-class gst with pdb id: 2gsr-a chain protein with 42% sequential and functional homology was used as the template. the model of wbgst built by modeller6v2 was analyzed by the procheck programs. ramachandran plot analysis showed that 93.5% of the residues are in the core ... | 2005 | 15864673 |
| bancroftian filariasis: patterns of vector abundance and transmission in two east african communities with different levels of endemicity. | intensive monitoring of wuchereria bancrofti vector abundance and transmission intensity was carried out in two communities, one with high-level endemicity for bancroftian filariasis (masaika, tanzania) and the other with low-level (kingwede, kenya), on the east african coast. mosquitoes were collected in light traps, from 50 randomly selected households in each community, once weekly for 1 year. they were identified, dissected and checked for parity and filarial larvae. anopheles gambiae s. l., ... | 2005 | 15829135 |
| situation analysis in a large urban area of india, prior to launching a programme of mass drug administrations to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. | the main strategy now adopted for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis (lf) is based on mass drug administrations (mda). annual administration of antifilarial drugs to 65%-80% of the population at risk of the disease is believed to be necessary if lf is to be eliminated, at least as a public-health problem, within a reasonable time-frame. to facilitate the development of drug-delivery strategies that are sufficient to ensure such high treatment coverages in large urban areas, a situation anal ... | 2005 | 15829134 |
| pattern of community compliance with spaced, single-dose, mass administrations of diethylcarbamazine or ivermectin, for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis from rural areas of southern india. | current programmes to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (lf) are largely based on annual mass administrations of single doses of antifilarial drugs. the level and pattern of compliance by the target population are important determinants of the success of such mass drug administrations (mda). community compliance was therefore investigated during a study in southern india of the effects, on wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia and transmission, of spaced mda based on diethylcarbamazine (dec) or iver ... | 2005 | 15829133 |
| synthesis and activity of substituted anthraquinones against a human filarial parasite, brugia malayi. | lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis) is a global public health problem caused by the parasitic nematodes wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi. we have previously reported anthraquinones from daylily roots with potent activity against pathogenic trematode schistosoma mansoni. here we report the synthesis of novel anthraquinones a-s and their antifilrarial activity. anthraquinones a-s were synthesized by a single-step friedel-crafts acylation reaction between phthalic anhydrides and substituted ... | 2005 | 15828820 |
| [lymphatic filariasis in belém, pará state, north of brazil and the perspective of elimination]. | the objective was to characterize the epidemiological situation of lymphatic filariasis in belém, state of pará. hemoscopic data was analyzed from 1951 through 2003. information for the period from 1951 to 1994 was collected from reports available from the national health foundation. data from 1995 to 2003 was obtained through surveys carried out in 62 city sectors, within the eight administrative districts of the city. an appreciable drop in the microfilaraemic rates was observed over the years ... | 2005 | 15821786 |
| significant decrease in the prevalence of wuchereria bancrofti infection in anopheline mosquitoes following the addition of albendazole to annual, ivermectin-based, mass treatments in nigeria. | a prospective entomological survey was conducted in four sentinel villages in central nigeria from 1999-2002, to assess the impact of annual, single-dose, mass drug administrations (mda), with a combination of ivermectin and albendazole, on the transmission of wuchereria bancrofti. as they were also endemic for human onchocerciasis, the four villages had received annual mda based on ivermectin alone for 7 years prior to the addition of albendazole. resting anophelines gambiae s. l., an. funestus ... | 2005 | 15814034 |
| rapid assessment of the geographical distribution of lymphatic filariasis in uganda, by screening of schoolchildren for circulating filarial antigens. | to permit improvements in the targeting of control activities, the geographical distribution of lymphatic filariasis in uganda was assessed by using a rapid immunochromatographic card test to check school-aged children for wuchereria bancrofti-specific circulating filarial antigens (cfa). survey sites were selected to represent the various ecological and topographical diversities in the country. overall, 17,533 children from 76 sites were examined. cfa-positive cases were detected at 31 of the s ... | 2005 | 15814033 |
| soluble cellular adhesion molecules, selectins, vegf and endothelin-1 in patients with wuchereria bancrofti infection and association with clinical status. | lymphatic filariasis, a mosquito-transmitted disease commonly known as bancroftian filariasis, is characterized by debilitating pathology linked to the progression of lymphoedema to a chronic state of elephantiasis. we performed longitudinal measurements of endothelial adhesion and angiogenic molecules in 63 polynesian patients living in an hyperendemic focus of wuchereria bancrofti. decreased serum concentrations of soluble (s-) l selectin (cd62l) were noticed in sera of of patients with chroni ... | 2005 | 15813718 |
| lymphatic filariasis in ghana: establishing the potential for an urban cycle of transmission. | lymphatic filariasis is a significant public health and economic problem in many tropical and sub-tropical regions. unplanned urbanization leading to a lack of proper sanitary conditions has resulted in an increase in the urban-based transmission of a number of vector-borne diseases, including lymphatic filariasis. it has been well established that lymphatic filariasis is endemic in rural areas of ghana. the goal of this study was to determine if there is a potential of establishing urban transm ... | 2005 | 15807803 |
| detection of lymphatic wuchereria bancrofti in carriers and long-term storage blood samples using semi-nested pcr. | the semi-nested pcr was conducted for detection of wuchereria bancrofti in patients' blood. the primers were designed based on the repetitive dna sequences of the parasite. the results demonstrated that the semi-nested pcr could detect as little as 0.001 fg of parasite dna. in addition, the primers showed no pcr amplification from human and other hemoparasites such as brugia malayi, plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax dnas. this technique was used for detection of 18 w. bancrofti infected blood s ... | 2005 | 15797816 |
| frequent detection of worm movements in onchocercal nodules by ultrasonography. | background: ultrasonography (usg) is known to be a suitable tool for diagnosis in lymphatic filariasis as the adult filarial nematode wuchereria bancrofti in scrotal lymphatic vessels of infected men can be detected by the characteristic pattern of movement, the filaria dance sign. in onchocerciasis, moving adult worms have not yet been demonstrated by usg. in addition the verification of drug effects on living adult onchocerca volvulus filariae in trials is hampered by the lack of tools for lon ... | 2005 | 15788103 |
| diurnal pattern of human-biting activity and transmission of subperiodic wuchereria bancrofti (filariidea: dipetalonematidae) by ochlerotatus niveus (diptera: culicidae) on the andaman and nicobar islands of india. | we monitored diel-landing periodicity (biting activity/cycle) of ochlerotatus niveus and the infection/infectivity pattern through human-landing collections on teressa island, which is remotely located in the nicobar district of the andaman and nicobar group of islands of india, for a period of one year. the biting activity was seen throughout the day, exhibiting a bimodal peak, the first at dawn (4:00-6:00 am) and the other towards dusk (5:00-6:00 pm). this pattern was similar during all the se ... | 2005 | 15772320 |
| microfilaria in cervical smear. | 2004 | 15763820 | |
| changes in the haemocyte population of the mosquito, culex quinquefasciatus, following infection with the filarial parasite, wuchereria bancrofti. | the mosquito culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae) is the vector of the filarial parasite wuchereria bancrofti (cobbold) (spirurida: onchocercidae), which causes human bancroftian filariasis. information on the mosquito humoral response against the filarial parasite during the process of its infection and development is important, as it decides the vector competence of the mosquito. visible changes in the haemocyte population of mosquito, if any, will be an indicator of the possible hu ... | 2005 | 15752187 |
| filarial susceptibility and effects of wolbachia in aedes pseudoscutellaris mosquitoes. | the mosquito aedes pseudoscutellaris (theobald), a member of the aedes (stegomyia) scutellaris complex (diptera: culicidae), is an important vector of subperiodic wuchereria bancrofti (cobbold) (spirurida: onchocercidae), causing human lymphatic filariasis, on south pacific islands. maternal inheritance of filarial susceptibility in the complex has previously been asserted, and larval tetracycline treatment reduced susceptibility; the maternally inherited wolbachia in these mosquitoes were sugge ... | 2005 | 15752178 |
| filariasis elimination in egypt: impact of low microfilaraemics as sources of infection for mosquitoes. | the elimination strategy for lymphatic filariasis aims at reducing blood microfilaraemia to levels at which vector transmission cannot be sustained. we aimed to determine whether patients with pre-treatment low or ultra-low microfilaria (mf) counts could be a reservoir of infection after mass drug administration (mda) with a combined regimen. laboratory-reared mosquitoes were fed on 30 volunteers after 2 rounds of mda. microfilaria uptake, infectivity rates and number of wuchereria bancrofti l3 ... | 2003 | 15748083 |
| comparison of an immunochromatographic card test with night blood smear examination for detection of wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria carriers. | at present, two diagnostic tests--og4c3 elisa and an immunochromatographic card test (ict)--are available to detect circulating filarial antigens of wuchereria bancrofti in serum/whole blood samples collected during the day. we aimed to assess the sensitivity of the new format card test 'now ict filariasis' in detecting microfilaria carriers of w. bancrofti in comparison with conventional microscopic techniques and og4c3 elisa. | 2004 | 15736550 |
| [proteic profile and antigenic recognition of extracts from wuchereria bancrofti l3 infective larvae]. | a study of protein characterization and recognition of the antigenic profile was accomplished in extracts of infective larvae (l3) from wuchereria bancrofti. two proteins of relative molecular weight of 49 and 55 kda were recognized as antigenic in all extracts by the tested sera. the secretory/excretory antigen presented the largest number of recognized bands (105, 100, 76, 55, 49, 39 and 32 kda) followed by the somatic antigen (100, 76, 55 and 49 kda) when incubated with pools of sera from hea ... | 2005 | 15717091 |
| combined detection of brugia malayi and wuchereria bancrofti using single pcr. | a single step pcr method has been developed for the combined detection of the human filarial parasites, brugia malayi and wuchereria bancrofti. parasites' dna were isolated from filaria positive blood samples that were collected from endemic areas. the primers used were hha1 and ssp i, which amplified the dna fragments of 322 bp and 188 bp specific to b. malayi and w. bancrofti, respectively. the sensitivity of the assay was tested with blood and mosquito samples having one w. bancrofti in a poo ... | 2005 | 15715996 |
| tropical pulmonary eosinophilia. | 2005 | 15712096 | |
| the relative attractiveness of carbon dioxide and octenol in cdc- and evs-type light traps for sampling the mosquitoes aedes aegypti (l.), aedes polynesiensis marks, and culex quinquefasciatus say in moorea, french polynesia. | two dominant day-biting pests and vector species on the island of moorea in french polynesia are aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (l.) and aedes (stegomyia) polynesiensis marks, major vectors of dengue viruses and wuchereria bancrofti, respectively. their surveillance is hindered by a relative lack of attraction to light traps, necessitating the undesirable use of human bait collections with the inherent risks of pathogen transmission. the effectiveness of cdc- and evs-type light traps baited with olfa ... | 2004 | 15707289 |
| detection of filaria-specific igg4 antibodies and filarial dna, for the screening of blood spots for brugia timori. | the establishment of simple, sensitive and specific tools for the diagnosis of brugian lymphatic filariasis is a prerequisite for a successful intervention to control the disease. in the simple and rapid brugia rapid (br) test, an immunochromatographic dipstick is used to detect igg(4) antibodies that are reactive with a recombinant brugia malayi antigen. when sera from 109 individuals with brugia microfilaraemias (12 with b. malayi and 97 with b. timori) were investigated using the br test, all ... | 2005 | 15701256 |
| evaluation of a single oral dose of diethylcarbamazine 300 mg as provocative test and simultaneous treatment in myanmar migrant workers with wuchereria bancrofti infection in thailand. | we assessed the efficiency of oral diethylcarbamazine (dec) 300 mg as a provocative test on blood examination 30 minutes after administration, while gauging the overall infection rate in myanmar migrant workers with wuchereria bancrofti infection who enrolled for work permits in thailand in 2002, using circulating filarial antigens (cfa) assays, the now ict filariasis card test and the og4c3 elisa as reference. overall infection rates of 0.3% (95% ci=0-0.7%), 4.2% (95% ci=1.8-6.5%) and 5.9% (95% ... | 2004 | 15689072 |
| a baseline study of rural bancroftian filariasis in southern india. | night mass blood surveys were carried out for parasitological evidence of bancroftian filariasis in 45 rural areas belonging to 9 national filaria control program (nfcp) zones of east godavari and west godavari districts of andhra pradesh, india during the period 1998 to 2001. mf prevalence range between 2.9 to 10.2%, and mf intensities in 20 mm3 blood samples ranged from 1-281. the present study explains the trend of microfilaria dynamics in the rural population, where mass drug delivery has be ... | 2004 | 15689070 |
| the eye does not see what the mind does not know: the bacterium in the worm. | symbiotic relationships underlie the evolutionary success of many different life forms. the filarial worms are long, slender nematode parasites that cause considerable pathology in large segments of the world's population. about 25 years ago, investigators first reported the presence of bacterial organisms living inside these parasitic worms. recent molecular biological studies have indicated that these bacteria belong to the genus wolbachia, members of which have been known to be associated wit ... | 2005 | 15681877 |
| bancroftian filariasis in 12 villages in kwale district, coast province, kenya - variation in clinical and parasitological patterns. | as part of a larger study on the effects of permethrin-impregnated bednets on the transmission of wuchereria bancrofti, subjects from 12 villages in the coastal province of kenya, south of mombasa, were investigated. the aims were to update the epidemiological data and elucidate the spatial distribution of w. bancrofti infection. samples of night blood from all the villagers aged i 1 year were checked for the parasite, and all the adult villagers (aged >/= 15 years) were clinically examined for ... | 2004 | 15667713 |
| genetic determinism of parasitic circadian periodicity and subperiodicity in human lymphatic filariasis. | the larval parasites of the pantropical lymphatic filariasis exhibit two types of circadian behaviour. typically, they only appear in the human bloodstream at nighttime, synchronised with their mosquito vectors. in polynesia and parts of southeast asia, free of nocturnal vectors, they are found at all hours, and each population biorhythm differs. through a geometrical approach, we explain this circadian diversity by a single, dominant mutation: the clocks of individual parasites are set at midni ... | 2004 | 15656351 |
| homologs of the brugia malayi diagnostic antigen bmr1 are present in other filarial parasites but induce different humoral immune responses. | background: the recombinant antigen bmr1 has been extensively employed in both elisa and immunochromatographic rapid dipstick (brugia rapid) formats for the specific and sensitive detection of igg4 antibodies against the lymphatic filarial parasites brugia malayi and brugia timori. in sera of individuals infected with wuchereria bancrofti the igg4 reactivity to bmr1 is variable, and cross-reactivity of sera from individuals infected with onchocerca volvulus or loa loa was observed only in single ... | 2004 | 15627400 |
| the ultrastructure of infective larvae (l3) of wuchereria bancrofti after treatment with diethylcarbamazine. | although the large use of diethylcarbamazine (dec), as the major anti-filaricide drug, its mechanism of action remains a matter of controversy. several authors defend the hypothesis that dec has no direct effect on nematodes. this study demonstrated that infective larvae (l3) of wuchereria bancrofti treated in vitro with dec presented several behaviour and morphological changes. the first alteration produced by treatment for 2 h with 3, 5, 10 microg/ml of dec was the reduction of motility. larva ... | 2005 | 15582480 |
| some morphological aspects of wuchereria bancrofti uterus after treatment with diethylcarbamazine. | confocal and em analyses revealed that some female wuchereria bancrofti, obtained from volunteers that received recommended diethylcarbamazine dose regimens, showed few or no embryos. furthermore, inside the gravid uterus of female w. bancrofti treated with dec we observed a finely granular, electron-dense material organised as strings of pearls, approximately 70 nm in maximal length surrounding intra-uterine microfilariae and apparently secreted by the embryo. over the eggshells a similar mater ... | 2005 | 15582474 |
| geographic distribution of lymphatic filariasis in haiti. | although lymphatic filariasis is known to have been endemic in haiti since at least the mid 1700s, a national filariasis survey has never been conducted. as a first step in the national program to eliminate filariasis, we collected blood in january-april 2001 from 50-250 school children (6-11 years old) in all 133 communes of the country using an adaptation of the lot quality assurance sampling method. of 22,365 children tested, 901 (4.0%) were positive for circulating wuchereria bancrofti antig ... | 2004 | 15569791 |
| [an unusual testicular torsion in a teenager]. | 2004 | 15567961 | |
| exogenous nucleosides are required for the morphogenesis of the human filarial parasite brugia malayi. | the nematode parasites wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi, and b. timori cause a human disease known as lymphatic filariasis, which afflicts approximately 120 million people worldwide. the parasites enter the human host from the mosquito as l3 or infective larvae and subsequently differentiate through 2 molts. in this communication, i report that b. malayi and b. pahangi depend on an exogenous source of at least 1 purine and 1 pyrimidine nucleoside to complete the l3 to l4 molt. the requirement ... | 2004 | 15562627 |
| meta-analysis of age-prevalence patterns in lymphatic filariasis: no decline in microfilaraemia prevalence in older age groups as predicted by models with acquired immunity. | the role of acquired immunity in lymphatic filariasis is uncertain. assuming that immunity against new infections develops gradually with accumulated experience of infection, models predict a decline in prevalence after teenage or early adulthood. a strong indication for acquired immunity was found in longitudinal data from pondicherry, india, where mf prevalence was highest around the age of 20 and declined thereafter. we reviewed published studies from india and subsaharan africa to investigat ... | 2004 | 15552405 |
| observations on false positive reactions in the rapid now filariasis card test. | the now filariasis card test is a useful tool for rapid field diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti infection, based on detection of specific circulating filarial antigen (cfa) in the patients' blood. concern has been raised that a high proportion of infection negative individuals develop false positive reactions in these tests when the test cards are left for a prolonged period before being examined. we carried out a survey in an endemic tanzanian village to investigate this phenomenon. individuals ... | 2004 | 15548316 |
| is povidone iodine an alternative to silver nitrate for renal pelvic instillation sclerotherapy in chyluria? | to compare the efficacy and toxicity of 1% silver nitrate, 0.2% povidone iodine and 50% dextrose in renal pelvic instillation sclerotherapy (rpis) for chyluria. | 2004 | 15541132 |
| the man with "milk-shake" urine. | 2004 | 15519638 | |
| duplex doppler sonographic assessment of the effects of diethylcarbamazine and albendazole therapy on adult filarial worms and adjacent host tissues in bancroftian filariasis. | we used duplex doppler sonography to assess effects of diethylcarbamazine and albendazole therapy (dec/alb) on adult wuchereria bancrofti in vivo. the study was performed in clinically normal egyptian adults with blood microfilaria counts > 80/ml. motile adult worms were observed before treatment in dilated scrotal lymphatic vessels in 28 of 36 men (78%) and over the proximal extremities in 5 of 22 women (23%). most worm nests were inactivated in the months following treatment (90% at 12 months) ... | 2004 | 15516645 |
| factors associated with participation in a campaign of mass treatment against lymphatic filariasis, in leogane, haiti. | in october 2000, to interrupt transmission of wuchereria bancrofti, an intense health-education campaign followed by a mass drug administration (mda) with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole was undertaken in leogane, haiti. three months after the mda, which was the first in the study area, a knowledge-attitude-practice (kap) survey, with a cluster-sample design and probability sampling, was undertaken, to determine the existing knowledge of the local residents, their attitudes toward the mda, an ... | 2004 | 15509424 |
| tropical pulmonary eosinophilia: a case series in a setting of nonendemicity. | tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (tpe) is a rare but serious manifestation of infection with the lymphatic filarial parasites wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi. although endemicity is limited to the tropical and subtropical regions of africa, south america, and asia, immigration and travel practices have led to the diagnosis of tpe in areas of nonendemicity. | 2004 | 15486834 |
| assessment of disease and infection of lymphatic filariasis in northeastern cambodia. | we assessed the filariasis disease burden in four northeastern provinces of cambodia by using and validating a key-informant questionnaire, consisting of four questions, with pictures of patients with leg elephantiasis and hydrocoele. the questionnaire was distributed and collected through the school, health and administrative systems. validation surveys included clinical examination, a card test for w. bancrofti (ict filariasis card test, amrad) and night blood finger prick examination of patie ... | 2004 | 15482405 |
| reliable and frequent detection of adult wuchereria bancrofti in ghanaian women by ultrasonography. | detection of adult wuchereria bancrofti by ultrasonography of the scrotal region in men is a suitable diagnostic tool for lymphatic filariasis, whereas there are only a few case reports of adult filariae observed by ultrasonography in women. we examined 35 microfilaraemic women ultrasonographically in sites of the body suspected as locations for worm nests. in 15 women the 'filaria dance sign' (fds) was detected in various locations, some being novel, such as adult worms within lymphatic vessels ... | 2004 | 15482404 |
| chemotherapy for lymphatic filariasis: progress but not perfection. | currently, only three drugs are used to control and treat the mosquito-borne parasitic disease lymphatic filariasis: diethylcarbamazine, ivermectin (mectizan) and albendazole (zentel). all interrupt transmission by eliminating microfilaria, the parasite stage that is responsible for transmission between hosts, but do not reliably kill the adult worms that are responsible for much of the pathology seen in the disease. there is an urgent need to develop drugs that will reliably kill adult worms an ... | 2003 | 15482154 |
| maternal filarial infection - a persistent risk factor for microfilaremia in offspring? | the observation that children born to mothers that are infected with wuchereria bancrofti ore more susceptible to filarial infection than those born to uninfected mothers, raises many questions, particularly regarding immune mechanisms. in this article, allen hightower, patrick lommie and mark eberhard discuss these issues and their implications for the epidemiology of filarial infection. | 1993 | 15463683 |
| chemotherapy of filariases. | the filarial parasites that affect humans most seriously include onchocerca volvulus, wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi and loa loa. in general, these species cause disease that is debilitating long before it is fatal, producing clinical manifestations such as general malaise, pruritus and lichenification of the skin, lymphangitis, elephantiasis and blindness(1). as a result, infection with any one of these organisms is physically, as well as economically, devastating. currently, the pharmacol ... | 1991 | 15463492 |
| multisystem involvement of microfilaria in a hiv positive patient. | a 35-year-old hiv positive male presented with dyspnoea and chest pain was diagnosed having acute pericardial and pleural effusion. microfilaria was detected from blood as well as from the pericardial and pleural fluid and from urine. cd4 count was 123 cells microl. the patient was receiving treatment with antiretroviral therapy and cotrimoxazole for last 4 months. the patient had no opportunistic infection and no symptoms suggestive of filarial infection in the past. this is for the first time ... | 2004 | 15449660 |
| rapid detection of wuchereria bancrofti in mosquitoes by lightcycler polymerase chain reaction and melting curve analysis. | a lightcycler real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed to detect wuchereria bancrofti dna in blood-fed mosquitoes. the assay is based on fluorescence melting curve analysis of the pcr product generated from a family of repeated dna elements: the 182 bp sspi repeat, specific to the genus wuchereria. according to the melting temperature, w. bancrofti infected-mosquitoes were differentiated from brugia malayi-infected and non-infected mosquitoes as well as from genomic dna of d ... | 2004 | 15449180 |
| photomicrography of the developing larvae of wuchereria bancrofti in a mosquito host of the south pacific area. | 1950 | 15415407 | |
| [prevalence of filaria, wuchereria bancrofti, in salvador bahia]. | 1950 | 15412019 | |
| [existence of wuchereria bancrofti in the territory of yahuma, basoko district]. | 1949 | 15398000 | |
| the preferential site of adult wuchereria bancrofti: an ultrasound study of male asymptomatic microfilaria carriers in pondicherry, india. | the traditional method of detection of microfilaria in night blood specimens for the diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti infection is being replaced with circulating filarial antigen in day blood specimens, which has a high sensitivity. however, both methods are indirect tests to detect the presence of adult worms in vivo. localization of adult worms in vivo in their natural habitat may help in understanding better the end-point of drug treatment, the adulticidal action of antifilarial drugs, and ... | 2004 | 15372761 |
| long-term effect of three different strategies for mass diethylcarbamazine administration in bancroftian filariasis: follow-up at 10 years after treatment. | the long-term effect of three different strategies for mass diethylcarbamazine (dec) administration in bancroftian filariasis was assessed 10 years after start of treatment in three endemic communities in tanzania. the strategies were the standard 12 day treatment (strategy i); a semi-annual single-dose treatment (strategy ii); and a monthly low-dose treatment (strategy iii). treatment was given only during the first year. following reductions immediately after treatment, overall community micro ... | 2004 | 15363642 |
| an inguinal mass with local vascular lesions induced by a lymphatic filaria. | a 47-year-old indian male presented with an inguinal mass clinically suspicious as a tumor. histological examination of the excised mass demonstrated tissue reaction to degenerating intravascular adult filarial worms. the worms have been identified as a lymphatic filariae, most probably wuchereria bancrofti. the case report underscores the need to maintain suspicion of genitourinary filarial lesions in non-endemic areas and describes atypical vascular lesions induced by lymphatic filariae. | 2004 | 15322608 |
| [ivermectin]. | ivermectin is a semi-synthetic derivative of a macrocyclic lactone. it causes paralysis in many nematodes and arthropodes because of its effect on ion-channels in cell membranes. ivermectin was first used in veterinary medicine. in man, it was shown to be microfilaricid against onchocerca volvulus. most of the adverse reactions following treatment were mild, without the systemic and ocular side effects usually complicating diethylcarbamazine therapy. in endemic areas after repeated administratio ... | 2004 | 15318139 |
| pathogenesis of filarial hydrocele: risk associated with intrascrotal nodules caused by death of adult wuchereria bancrofti. | although testicular hydrocele is the most common clinical manifestation of bancroftian filariasis, its pathogenesis is poorly understood, as is its relationship to inflammatory scrotal nodules following death of adult wuchereria bancrofti. between 1994 and 1998, we prospectively determined the incidence and clinical evolution of nodule-associated acute hydrocele in men attending 2 outpatient clinics in recife, brazil who were infected with w. bancrofti, had living adult worms detectable by ultra ... | 2003 | 15307427 |
| microfilarial periodicity of wuchereria bancrofti in vanuatu. | a study on the relationship between the microfilarial periodicity of wuchereria bancrofti and vector biting activity was carried out in penama province, vanuatu from february to april 1999, to enable the design of a more efficient strategy to control filariasis transmission. the microfilarial periodicities of 22 w. bancrofti antigen-positive volunteers were studied. microfilariae (mf) were counted every hour for 24 h for 6 volunteers and every hour for 12 h (from 18:00 to 06:00) for 16 volunteer ... | 2003 | 15307409 |
| bancroftian filariasis: spatial patterns, environmental correlates and landscape predictors of disease risk. | lymphatic filariasis has been identified as the second leading cause of permanent and long-term disability. this article is an attempt to discuss the disease spatial context in light of current interest in gis and satellite remote sensing. field validation of outputs obtained through the application of these technologies in the nile delta, egypt is also summarized. | 2004 | 15287173 |
| diagnosis and treatment of lymphatic filariasis. | the lymphatic filariases, wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi, and b. timori, infect nearly 100 million people throughout the tropics, but mainly in africa and southeast asia. over 900 million people live in endemic, areas at risk to the infection. the filarial parasites reproduce slowly, whereas their mosquito vectors are quickly-reproducing opportunists. thus, although vector control can reduce the risk of transmission, the parasite itself would seem a more vulnerable target for prolonged atta ... | 1985 | 15275610 |
| control of lymphatic filariasis by annual single-dose diethylcarbamazine treatments. | it has long been stressed that diethylcarbamazine citrate must be given at a total dosage of 72 mg per kilogram of body weight in 12 divided doses of 6 mg kg(-1) to obtain maximum effect against wuchereria bancrofti. however, recent studies revealed that only a single dose at 6 mg kg(-1) could reduce microfilaria (mf) counts by 90%, and that the effect would persist for 12-18 months. the annual repeat of the single-dose mass treatment was shown to be effective in reducing mf prevalence and densi ... | 1996 | 15275205 |
| the ict filariasis test: a rapid-format antigen test for diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis. | antigen testing is now recognized as the method of choice for detection of wuchereria bancrofti infections. unlike tests that detect microfilariae, antigen tests can be performed with blood collected during the day or night. however, existing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) tests for filarial antigenemia are difficult to perform in the field, and this has limited their use in endemic countries. in this article, gary weil, patrick lammie and niggi weiss review their experience with a ne ... | 1997 | 15275155 |
| new tools for diagnosis and monitoring of bancroftian filariasis parasitism: the polynesian experience. | bancroftian filariasis is endemic in french polynesia and control programs with diethylcarbamazine, started in the 1950s, led to a sharp reduction of the microfilaria prevalence. consequently, the control program was interrupted in 1982. ten years later, however, the incidence of the parasitism again reached pre-control levels (20-30% microfilaremia in some islands), indicating that the adult worms (for which no diagnostic tool was available) had persisted. apart from research on chemotherapy st ... | 1997 | 15275149 |