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a large-scale chromosome-specific snp discovery guideline.single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) are the most prevalent type of variation in genomes that are increasingly being used as molecular markers in diversity analyses, mapping and cloning of genes, and germplasm characterization. however, only a few studies reported large-scale snp discovery in aegilops tauschii, restricting their potential use as markers for the low-polymorphic d genome. here, we report 68,592 snps found on the gene-related sequences of the 5d chromosome of ae. tauschii genotyp ...201727900504
homoeologous recombination-based transfer and molecular cytogenetic mapping of a wheat streak mosaic virus and triticum mosaic virus resistance gene wsm3 from thinopyrum intermedium to wheat.here, we report the production of a wheat- thinopyrum intermedium recombinant stock conferring resistance to wheat streak mosaic virus and triticum mosaic virus. wheat streak mosaic caused by the wheat streak mosaic virus (wsmv) is an important disease of bread wheat (triticum aestivum) worldwide. to date, only three genes conferring resistance to wsmv have been named and two, wsm1 and wsm3, were derived from the distantly related wild relative thinopyrum intermedium. wsm3 is only available in t ...201727900400
a wheat cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase tacad12 contributes to host resistance to the sharp eyespot disease.sharp eyespot, caused mainly by the necrotrophic fungus rhizoctonia cerealis, is a destructive disease in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.). in arabidopsis, certain cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (cads) have been implicated in monolignol biosynthesis and in defense response to bacterial pathogen infection. however, little is known about cads in wheat defense responses to necrotrophic or soil-borne pathogens. in this study, we isolate a wheat cad gene tacad12 in response to r. cerealis infe ...201627899932
bioinformatic analyses of subgroup-a members of the wheat bzip transcription factor family and functional identification of tabzip174 involved in drought stress response.extensive studies in arabidopsis and rice have demonstrated that subgroup-a members of the bzip transcription factor family play important roles in plant responses to multiple abiotic stresses. although common wheat (triticum aestivum) is one of the most widely cultivated and consumed food crops in the world, there are limited investigations into subgroup a of the bzip family in wheat. in this study, we performed bioinformatic analyses of the 41 subgroup-a members of the wheat bzip family. phylo ...201627899926
genomic selection for processing and end-use quality traits in the cimmyt spring bread wheat breeding program.wheat ( l.) cultivars must possess suitable end-use quality for release and consumer acceptability. however, breeding for quality traits is often considered a secondary target relative to yield largely because of amount of seed needed and expense. without testing and selection, many undesirable materials are advanced, expending additional resources. here, we develop and validate whole-genome prediction models for end-use quality phenotypes in the cimmyt bread wheat breeding program. model accura ...201627898810
transplant resources for triticeae genomic data.the genome sequences of many important triticeae species, including bread wheat ( l.) and barley ( l.), remained uncharacterized for a long time because their high repeat content, large sizes, and polyploidy. as a result of improvements in sequencing technologies and novel analyses strategies, several of these have recently been deciphered. these efforts have generated new insights into triticeae biology and genome organization and have important implications for downstream usage by breeders, ex ...201627898761
uplc-qtof analysis reveals metabolomic changes in the flag leaf of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) under low-nitrogen stress.wheat is one of the most important grain crop plants worldwide. nitrogen (n) is an essential macronutrient for the growth and development of wheat and exerts a marked influence on its metabolites. to investigate the influence of low nitrogen stress on various metabolites of the flag leaf of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), a metabolomic analysis of two wheat cultivars under different induced nitrogen levels was conducted during two important growth periods based on large-scale untargeted metabolomi ...201727894005
impact of transgene genome location on gene migration from herbicide-resistant wheat (triticum aestivum l.) to jointed goatgrass (aegilops cylindrica host).wheat (triticum aestivum) (abd) and jointed goatgrass (aegilops cylindrica) (cd) can cross and produce hybrids that can backcross to either parent. such backcrosses can result in progeny with chromosomes and/or chromosome segments retained from wheat. thus, a herbicide resistance gene could migrate from wheat to jointed goatgrass. in theory, the risk of gene migration from herbicide-resistant wheat to jointed goatgrass is more likely if the gene is located on the d genome and less likely if the ...201727887035
microscopic and molecular characterization of the prehaustorial resistance against wheat leaf rust (puccinia triticina) in einkorn (triticum monococcum).puccinia triticina f. sp. tritici (eriks.), the causal agent of leaf rust, causes substantial yield losses in wheat production. in wheat many major leaf rust resistance genes have been overcome by virulent races. in contrast, the prehaustorial resistance (phr) against wheat leaf rust detected in the diploid wheat einkorn (triticum monoccocum var. monococcum) accession pi272560 confers race-independent resistance against isolates virulent on accessions harboring resistance genes located on the a- ...201627881987
chromosomal localization and contribution of three homoeologous genes to biosynthesis of cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase in common wheat.chromosomal localization of the three homoeologous genes encoding cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase in common wheat (triticum aestivum cv. chinese spring, 2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd) was specified to: 3al (0.42÷0.61), 3bl (0.38÷0.41) and 3dl (0.23÷0.81) by a comparative zymographic analysis of the enzymatic activities in deletion lines. it was also attempted to precisely explain the nature of the relationship between a number of genes encoding α and β subunits and a distribution of staining intensi ...201627881898
rhizosphere organic anions play a minor role in improving crop species' ability to take up residual phosphorus (p) in agricultural soils low in p availability.many arable lands have accumulated large reserves of residual phosphorus (p) and a relatively large proportion of soil p is less available for uptake by plants. root released organic anions are widely documented as a key physiological strategy to enhance p availability, while limited information has been generated on the contribution of rhizosphere organic anions to p utilization by crops grown in agricultural soils that are low in available p and high in extractable ca, al, and fe. we studied t ...201627872635
qtl analysis of spike morphological traits and plant height in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using a high-density snp and ssr-based linkage map.wheat yield can be enhanced by modifying the spike morphology and the plant height. in this study, a population of 191 f9 recombinant inbred lines (rils) was developed from a cross between two winter cultivars yumai 8679 and jing 411. a dense genetic linkage map with 10,816 markers was constructed by incorporating single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) and simple sequence repeat (ssr) marker information. five spike morphological traits and plant height were evaluated under nine environments for th ...201627872629
assessment of genetic variability for grain nutrients from diverse regions: potential for wheat improvement.a total of 150 bread wheat genotypes representing 121 indian and 29 turkish origin were screened for nutrient concentrations and grain protein content. elemental and grain protein composition were studied by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrophotometer and leco analyser, respectively. the study was performed to determine the variability in nutrient concentrations present in the collected wheat genetic material from two countries.201627867819
genome-wide association mapping of resistance to eyespot disease (pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides) in european winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and fine-mapping of pch1.genotypes with recombination events in the triticum ventricosum introgression on chromosome 7d allowed to fine-map resistance gene pch1, the main source of eyespot resistance in european winter wheat cultivars. eyespot (also called strawbreaker) is a common and serious fungal disease of winter wheat caused by the necrotrophic fungi oculimacula yallundae and oculimacula acuformis (former name pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides). a genome-wide association study (gwas) for eyespot was performed wi ...201727866227
characterization of a common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) high-tillering dwarf mutant.a novel high-tillering dwarf mutant in common wheat wangshuibai was characterized and mapped to facilitate breeding for plant height and tiller and the future cloning of the causal gene. tiller number and plant height are two major agronomic traits in cereal crops affecting plant architecture and grain yield. nauh167, a mutant of common wheat landrace wangshuibai induced by ethylmethyl sulfide (ems) treatment, exhibits higher tiller number and reduced plant height. microscope observation showed ...201727866225
the effect of selenium and uv radiation on leaf traits and biomass production in triticum aestivum l.uv radiation as an evolutionarily important environmental factor, significantly affects plants traits and alters the effects of other environmental factors. single and combined effects of ambient uv radiation, its exclusion, and se foliar treatments on si concentrations and production of si phytoliths in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cv. 'reska' were studied. the effects of these treatments on growth parameters of the plants, structural and biochemical traits of the leaves, and interactions of th ...201727865114
the wheat nb-lrr gene tarcr1 is required for host defence response to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen rhizoctonia cerealis.the necrotrophic fungus rhizoctonia cerealis is the major pathogen causing sharp eyespot disease in wheat (triticum aestivum). nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (nb-lrr) proteins often mediate plant disease resistance to biotrophic pathogens. little is known about the role of nb-lrr genes involved in wheat response to r. cerealis. in this study, a wheat nb-lrr gene, named tarcr1, was identified in response to r. cerealis infection using artificial neural network analysis based on comparativ ...201727862842
a functionally conserved zn2 cys6 binuclear cluster transcription factor class regulates necrotrophic effector gene expression and host-specific virulence of two major pleosporales fungal pathogens of wheat.the fungus parastagonospora nodorum is the causal agent of septoria nodorum blotch of wheat (triticum aestivum). the interaction is mediated by multiple fungal necrotrophic effector-dominant host sensitivity gene interactions. the three best-characterized effector-sensitivity gene systems are sntoxa-tsn1, sntox1-snn1 and sntox3-snn3. these effector genes are highly expressed during early infection, but expression decreases as the infection progresses to tissue necrosis and sporulation. however, ...201727860150
migration of endophytic diazotroph azorhizobium caulinodans ors571 inside wheat (triticum aestivum l) and its effect on micrornas.azorhizobium caulinodans ors571, a novel rhizobium, forms endosymbionts with its nature host sesbania rostrata, a semi-aquatic leguminous tree. recent studies showed that a. caulinodans ors571, as endophytic rhizobium, disseminated and colonized inside of cereal plants. however, how this rhizobium infects monocot plants and the regulatory mechanism remains unknown. micrornas (mirnas) are small, endogenous rnas that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional levels. in this study, we em ...201627858182
cloning and characterization of tavip2 gene from triticum aestivum and functional analysis in nicotiana tabacum.wheat is recalcitrant to genetic transformation. a potential solution is to manipulate the expression of some host proteins involved in t-dna integration process. vire2 interacting protein 2 (vip2) plays an important role in t-dna transport and integration. in this study, a tavip2 gene was cloned from common wheat. southern blot and allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (as-pcr) combined with an online chromosomal location software tool revealed that three tavip2 genes were located on wheat ...201627857194
mycotoxin and fungicide residues in wheat grains from fungicide-treated plants measured by a validated lc-ms method.wheat (triticum aestivum) is an annual crop, cultivated in the winter and spring and susceptible to several pathogens, especially fungi, which are managed with fungicides. it is also one of the most consumed cereals, and can be contaminated by mycotoxins and fungicides. the objective of this study was to validate an analytical method by lc-ms for simultaneous determination of mycotoxins and fungicide residues in wheat grains susceptible to fusarium head blight treated with fungicides, and to eva ...027855933
temporal dynamics, population characterization and mycotoxins accumulation of fusarium graminearum in eastern china.trichothecene genotype composition, mycotoxin production, genetic diversity, and population structure were analyzed, using 185 fusarium strains collected from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) throughout the jiangsu province during 1976, 1983, 1998, 2006, and 2014. the results showed that 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3adon) was consistently the predominant type in this region over 40 years, and the nivalenol (niv) type has emerged since 1998. long-term rotation of wheat and rice (oryza sativa l.), rather ...201627853184
effects of straw and plastic film mulching on greenhouse gas emissions in loess plateau, china: a field study of 2 consecutive wheat-maize rotation cycles.mulching practices have long been used to modify the soil temperature and moisture conditions and thus potentially improve crop production in dryland agriculture, but few studies have focused on mulching effects on soil gaseous emissions. we monitored annual greenhouse gas (ghg) emissions under the regime of straw and plastic film mulching using a closed chamber method on a typical winter-wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv xiaoyan 22) and summer-maize (zea mays l. cv qinlong 11) rotation field over ...201727847188
contrasting effects of biochar on n2o emission and n uptake at different n fertilizer levels on a temperate sandy loam.biochar has been frequently suggested as an amendment to improve soil quality and mitigate climate change. to investigate the optimal management of nitrogen (n) fertilization, we examined the combined effect of biochar and n fertilizer on plant n uptake and n2o emissions in a cereal rotation system in a randomized two-factorial field experiment on a sandy loam soil in brandenburg, germany. the biochar treatment received 10mgha-1 wood-derived biochar in september 2012. four levels of n fertilizer ...201727842961
methylglyoxal alleviates cadmium toxicity in wheat (triticum aestivum l).methylglyoxal alleviates cadmium toxicity in wheat (triticum aestivum l) by improving plant growth. for a long time, the reactive α, β-carbonyl ketoaldehyde methylglyoxal (ch3cocho; mg) has been regarded as merely a toxic metabolite in plants, but, now, emerging as a signal molecule in plants. in this study, cadmium (cd) stress decreased plant height, root length, fresh weight (fw), and dry weight (dw) in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating that cd had toxic effects on the growth of whe ...201727838814
influence of 2,4-d and mcpa herbicides on uptake and translocation of heavy metals in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).the aim of the study was to estimate the influence of the 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid on the uptake and translocation of cd, co, ni, cu, zn, pb and mn by wheat (triticum aestivum l.). two farmland soils typical for the central polish rural environment were used. studies involved soil analyses, contents of bioavailable, exchangeable and total forms for all investigated metals. atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine the concentration of the ...201727836479
the major arabidopsis thaliana apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease, arp is involved in the plant nucleotide incision repair pathway.apurinic/apyrimidinic (ap) endonucleases are important dna repair enzymes involved in two overlapping pathways: dna glycosylase-initiated base excision (ber) and ap endonuclease-initiated nucleotide incision repair (nir). in the ber pathway, ap endonucleases cleave dna at ap sites and 3'-blocking moieties generated by dna glycosylases, whereas in nir, the same ap endonucleases incise dna 5' to a wide variety of oxidized bases. the flowering plant arabidopsis thaliana contains three genes encodin ...201627836324
a simple and efficient approach to elucidate genomic contribution of transcripts to a target gene in polyploids: the case of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.).common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is one of the most economically important crops in the world, however, gene functional studies in this crop have been lagging mainly due to the complexity of its polyploid genome, which is derived through two rounds of intergeneric hybridization events that led to the presence of six copies for each gene. elucidating the transcript contribution of each genome to the total expression of a target gene in polyploids such as hexaploid wheat has a paramount signifi ...201627833623
chromosomal localization of genes conferring desirable agronomic traits from wheat-agropyron cristatum disomic addition line 5113.creation of wheat-alien disomic addition lines and localization of desirable genes on alien chromosomes are important for utilization of these genes in genetic improvement of common wheat. in this study, wheat-agropyron cristatum derivative line 5113 was characterized by genomic in situ hybridization (gish) and specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (slaf-seq), and was demonstrated to be a novel wheat-a. cristatum disomic 6p addition line. compared with its parent fukuhokomugi (fukuho), 51 ...201627824906
bioassessment of heavy metals in the surface soil layer of an opencast mine aimed for its rehabilitation.the contemporary reclamation method in an opencast coal mine closure comprises the use of the preserved surface soil layer (ssl) before mining, and can be directly returned to the areas being rehabilitated. the present study emphasizes a risk in the use of such a ssl in mine rehabilitation due to the possible excessive amount of heavy metals which usually derives from a metal-rich sediment or fluvial character of overburden material. this indication was approved by the bioassessment of cadmium ( ...201727823905
determining phenological patterns associated with the onset of senescence in a wheat magic mapping population.the appropriate timing of developmental transitions is critical for adapting many crops to their local climatic conditions. therefore, understanding the genetic basis of different aspects of phenology could be useful in highlighting mechanisms underpinning adaptation, with implications in breeding for climate change. for bread wheat (triticum aestivum), the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth, the start and rate of leaf senescence and the relative timing of different stages of flow ...201627822218
identification of in-chain-functionalized compounds and methyl-branched alkanes in cuticular waxes of triticum aestivum cv. bethlehem.in this work, cuticular waxes from flag leaf blades and peduncles of triticum aestivum cv. bethlehem were investigated in search for novel wax compounds. seven wax compound classes were detected that had previously not been reported, and their structures were elucidated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of various derivatives. six of the classes were identified as series of homologs differing by two methylene units, while the seventh was a homologous series with homologs with single met ...201627820857
registration of common wheat germplasm with mutations in sbeii genes conferring increased grain amylose and resistant starch content.starch present in the endosperm of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grains is an important source of carbohydrates worldwide. starches with a greater proportion of amylose have increased levels of resistant starch, a dietary fiber that can provide human health benefits. induced mutations in starch branching enzyme ii (sbeii) genes in wheat are associated with increased amylose and resistant starch. ethyl methane sulfonate mutations in sbeiia and sbeiib paralogs were combined in the hexaploid ...201627818720
evaluation of marker-assisted selection for the stripe rust resistance gene yr15, introgressed from wild emmer wheat.stripe rust disease is caused by the fungus puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and severely threatens wheat worldwide, repeatedly breaking resistance conferred by resistance genes and evolving more aggressive strains. wild emmer wheat, triticum dicoccoides, is an important source for novel stripe rust resistance (yr) genes. yr15, a major gene located on chromosome 1bs of t. dicoccoides, was previously reported to confer resistance to a broad spectrum of stripe rust isolates, at both seedling an ...201527818611
effect of allelic variation at the glu-3/gli-1 loci on breadmaking quality parameters in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.).low molecular weight glutenin subunits (lmw-gs) encoded by the glu-3 loci are known to contribute to wheat breadmaking quality. however, the specific effect of individual glu-3 alleles is not well understood due to their complex protein banding patterns in sds-page and tight linkage with gliadins at the gli-1 locus. using dna markers and a backcross program we developed a set of nine near isogenic lines (nils) including different glu-a3/glia-1 or glu-b3/gli-b1 alleles in the genetic background o ...201527818572
characterization of the homeologous genes of c24-sterol methyltransferase in triticum aestivum l.three homeologous copies of the tasmt1 gene for c24-sterol methyltransferase, which are located on chromosomes a, b, and d of triticum aestivum hexaploid genome, were discovered. the bioinformatic analysis of the structure of these genes and sequencing de novo promoter sequences revealed differential expression of homeologous tasmt1 genes in leaves and roots of wheat seedlings under normal conditions and in stress.201627817022
the effects of straw or straw-derived gasification biochar applications on soil quality and crop productivity: a farm case study.thermal gasification of straw is a highly efficient technology that produces bioenergy and gasification biochar that can be used as a soil amendment, thereby returning non-renewable nutrients and stable carbon, and securing soil quality and crop productivity. a danish on-farm field study investigated the impact of traditional straw incorporation vs. straw removal for thermal gasification bioenergy production and the application of straw gasification biochar (gb) on soil quality and crop producti ...201727815006
phytotoxicity and uptake of roxarsone by wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings.roxarsone (rox), the primary aromatic arsenical additive (aaa) used in animal feeding operations, is of increasing concern to environmental and human health due to land application of rox-laden animal manure. few studies have investigated the phytotoxicity, uptake mechanisms, and speciation of aaa in crop plants. in this study, wheat seedlings were employed to address these issues under hydroponic conditions. compared to inorganic arsenic, rox was less toxic to wheat root elongation. wheat roots ...201627814537
the 2ns translocation from aegilops ventricosa confers resistance to the triticum pathotype of magnaporthe oryzae.wheat blast is a serious disease caused by the fungus magnaporthe oryzae (triticum pathotype) (mot). the objective of this study was to determine the effect of the 2ns translocation from aegilops ventricosa (zhuk.) chennav on wheat head and leaf blast resistance. disease phenotyping experiments were conducted in growth chamber, greenhouse, and field environments. among 418 cultivars of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), those with 2ns had 50.4 to 72.3% less head blast than those without 2ns when inoc ...201627814405
extensive homoeologous genome exchanges in allopolyploid crops revealed by mrnaseq-based visualization.polyploidy, the possession of multiple sets of chromosomes, has been a predominant factor in the evolution and success of the angiosperms. although artificially formed allopolyploids show a high rate of genome rearrangement, the genomes of cultivars and germplasm used for crop breeding were assumed stable and genome structural variation under the artificial selection process of commercial breeding has remained little studied. here, we show, using a repurposed visualization method based on transc ...201627808473
leaf gas exchange and fluorescence of two winter wheat varieties in response to drought stress and nitrogen supply.water and nitrogen supply are the two primary factors limiting productivity of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). in our study, two winter wheat varieties, xinong 979 and large-spike wheat, were evaluated for their physiological responses to different levels of nitrogen and water status during their seedling stage grown in a phytotron. our results indicated that drought stress greatly reduced the net photosynthetic rate (pn), transpiration rate (e), and stomatal conductance (gs), but with a greater i ...201627802318
genome-wide association of stem water soluble carbohydrates in bread wheat.water soluble carbohydrates (wsc) in stems play an important role in buffering grain yield in wheat against biotic and abiotic stresses; however, knowledge of genes controlling wsc is very limited. we conducted a genome-wide association study (gwas) using a high-density 90k snp array to better understand the genetic basis underlying wsc, and to explore marker-based breeding approaches. wsc was evaluated in an association panel comprising 166 chinese bread wheat cultivars planted in four environm ...201627802269
identification of polyketides in the cuticular waxes of triticum aestivum cv. bethlehem.cuticular waxes are complex mixtures consisting mostly of very-long-chain aliphatics with single, primary functional groups. however, the waxes of many plant species also include aliphatics with one or more functional groups residing on subterminal or mid-chain carbons. in the present work, the cuticular wax mixtures from flag leaf blades and peduncles of triticum aestivum cv. bethlehem were analyzed in a search for novel wax constituents with in-chain functionalities, potentially of polyketide ...201627796867
allelic variation of lmw-gs composition in chinese wheat landraces of the yangtze-river region detected by maldi-tof-ms.low molecular weight glutenin subunits are important components of wheat storage proteins, which play an important role in determining end-use quality of common wheat. a newly established matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof-ms) procedure was used to analyze 478 landraces of bread wheat collected from the yangtze-river region in china. results indicated that 17 alleles at three loci: glu-a3, glu-b3 and glu-d3 were identified, resulting in 87 dif ...201627795690
cytological identification of an aegilops variabilis chromosome carrying stripe rust resistance in wheat.aegilops variabilis (uus(v)s(v)), an important sources for wheat improvement, originated from chromosome doubling of a natural hybrid between ae. umbellulata (uu) with ae. longissima (s(l)s(l)). the ae. variabilis karyotype was poorly characterized by fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish). the fish probe combination of psc119.2, pta71 and pta-713 identified each of the 14 pairs of ae. variabilis chromosomes. our fish ideogram was further used to detect an ae. variabilis chromosome carrying st ...201627795677
mapping of a major qtl associated with protein content on chromosome 2b in hard red winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.).a quantitative trait locus (qtl) controlling wheat grain protein content (gpc) and flour protein content (fpc) was identified using doubled haploid (dh) lines developed from a cross between the hard red winter wheat variety 'yumechikara' with a high protein content used for bread making, and the soft red winter wheat 'kitahonami' with a low protein content used for japanese white salted noodles. a single major qtl, qgpc.2b-yume, was identified on the short arm of wheat chromosome 2b for both the ...201627795672
ancient wheat and health: a legend or the reality? a review on kamut khorasan wheat.after wwii, the industrialized agriculture selected modern varieties of triticum turgidum spp. durum and spp. aestivum (durum wheat and common wheat) based on higher yields and technological characteristics. nowadays, the use of whole ancient grains and pseudo cereals is considered nutritionally important. how ancient grains have positive effects is not entirely known, the fragmentation of the scientific knowledge being also related to the fact that ancient grains are not a homogeneous category. ...027790934
fusarium head blight resistance qtl in the spring wheat cross kenyon/86ismn 2137.fusarium head blight (fhb), caused by fusarium graminearum, is a very important disease of wheat globally. damage caused by f. graminearum includes reduced grain yield, reduced grain functional quality, and results in the presence of the trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in fusarium-damaged kernels. the development of fhb resistant wheat cultivars is an important component of integrated management. the objective of this study was to identify qtl for fhb resistance in a recombinant inbred li ...201627790188
monitoring wheat mitochondrial compositional and respiratory changes using fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy in response to agrochemical treatments.fungicides and plant growth regulators can impact plant growth outside of their effects on fungal pathogens. although many of these chemicals are inhibitors of mitochondrial oxygen uptake, information remains limited as to whether they are able to modify other mitochondrial constituents. fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy (ft-mir) offers a high sample throughput method to comparatively and qualitatively evaluate the effects of exogenously added compounds on mitochondrial components. the ...201727788471
protein glutathionylation protects wheat (triticum aestivum var. sonalika) against fusarium induced oxidative stress.fusarium induced oxidative stress could be recovered by reversible protein oxidative modification through the process of glutathionylation in co-stressed (low-dose (50 μm) cd2+ pre-treatment followed by fusarium inoculation) wheat seedlings. co-stressed seedlings showed low disease severity index as compared to fusarium infected seedlings. a reduced level of hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) and carbonyl contents due to irreversible protein oxidation were observed in co-stressed seedlings as compared to ...201627788422
loss-of-function mutations in three homoeologous phytoclock 1 genes in common wheat are associated with the extra-early flowering phenotype.triticum aestivum l. cv 'chogokuwase' is an extra-early flowering common wheat cultivar that is insensitive to photoperiod conferred by the photoperiod insensitive alleles at the photoperiod-b1 (ppd-b1) and ppd-d1loci, and does not require vernalization for flowering. this reduced vernalization requirement is likely due to the spring habitat allele vrn-d1 at the vernalization-d1 locus. genotypes of the ppd-1 loci that determine photoperiod sensitivity do not fully explain the insensitivity to ph ...201627788250
potassium up-regulates antioxidant metabolism and alleviates growth inhibition under water and osmotic stress in wheat (triticum aestivum l).pot experiments were conducted to find out the effectivity of k on triticum aestivum l cultivars. polyethylene glycol 6000 (peg 6000) was used as an osmoticum to induce osmotic stress under sand culture setting up the water potential of external solution at -3 and -5 bars. in pots, plants were raised under restricted and normal irrigation and k was applied in varying doses (0, 20, 40, 60 kg ha-1) and estimation of different physiological and biochemical parameters was done at two developmental s ...201727783181
transfer of hmw glutenin subunits from aegilops kotschyi to wheat through radiation hybridization.high molecular weight glutenin subunits (hmwgs) are responsible for dough elasticity and bread making quality of bread wheat. related wild non-progenitor species, aegilops kotschyi possesses higher molecular weight x and y glutenin subunits than the bread wheat cultivars. a wheat-aegilops substitution line with 1u chromosome was used for the transfer of (hmwgs) of 1u to wheat by using pollen radiation hybridization approach. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiling sho ...201627777460
new insights into the roles of host gene-necrotrophic effector interactions in governing susceptibility of durum wheat to tan spot and septoria nodorum blotch.tan spot and septoria nodorum blotch (snb) are important diseases of wheat caused by the necrotrophic fungi pyrenophora tritici-repentis and parastagonospora nodorum, respectively. the p. tritici-repentis necrotrophic effector (ne) ptr toxb causes tan spot when recognized by the tsc2 gene. the ne toxa is produced by both pathogens and has been associated with the development of both tan spot and snb when recognized by the wheat tsn1 gene. most work to study these interactions has been conducted ...201627777262
resource: mapping the triticum aestivum proteome.yield and quality improvement of bread wheat (triticum aestivum) is a focus in efforts to meet new demands from population growth and changing human diets. as the complexity of the wheat genome is unravelled, determining how it is used to build the protein machinery of wheat plants is a key next step in explaining detailed aspects of wheat growth and development. the specific functions of wheat organs during vegetative development and the role of metabolism, protein degradation and remobilisatio ...201727775198
mapping of novel powdery mildew resistance gene(s) from agropyron cristatum chromosome 2p.a physical map of agropyron cristatum 2p chromosome was constructed for the first time and the novel powdery mildew resistance gene(s) from chromosome 2p was(were) also mapped. agropyron cristatum (l.) gaertn. (2n = 28, pppp), a wild relative of common wheat, is highly resistant to powdery mildew. previous studies showed that wheat-a. cristatum 2p disomic addition line ii-9-3 displayed high resistance to powdery mildew, and the resistance was attributable to a. cristatum chromosome 2p. to utiliz ...201727771744
herbal remedies and functional foods used by cancer patients attending specialty oncology clinics in trinidad.cancer is a major disease worldwide, and many patients use complementary and alternative treatments. the purpose of this study was to identify the herbal remedies and functional foods used as complementary medicine by prostate, breast and colorectal cancer patients at speciality care facilities in trinidad. we also sought to determine how patients rated the efficacy of these modalities compared with conventional treatment.201627769229
genetic analysis of phytoene synthase 1 (psy1) gene function and regulation in common wheat.phytoene synthase 1 (psy1) is the most important regulatory enzyme in carotenoid biosynthesis, whereas its function is hardly known in common wheat. the aims of the present study were to investigate psy1 function and genetic regulation using reverse genetics approaches.201627769185
sequencing and comparative analyses of aegilops tauschii chromosome arm 3ds reveal rapid evolution of triticeae genomes.bread wheat (triticum aestivum, aabbdd) is an allohexaploid species derived from two rounds of interspecific hybridizations. a high-quality genome sequence assembly of diploid aegilops tauschii, the donor of the wheat d genome, will provide a useful platform to study polyploid wheat evolution. a combined approach of bac pooling and next-generation sequencing technology was employed to sequence the minimum tiling path (mtp) of 3176 bac clones from the short arm of ae. tauschii chromosome 3 (at3ds ...201727765484
correction: factors affecting the radiosensitivity of hexaploid wheat to γ-irradiation: radiosensitivity of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.).[this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161700.].201627764225
health risk assessment of heavy metals in wheat using different water qualities: implication for human health.in the recent years, the use of sewage water for irrigation has attracted the attention of arid and semi-arid countries where the availability of fresh water is poor. despite the potential use of sewage water in crop irrigation as effective and sustainable strategy, the environmental and human risks behind this use need to be deeply investigated. in this regard, an experiment was carried out under field conditions in nursery, university college of agriculture sargodha, to evaluate the possible h ...201727761866
the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, tau4 regulates wheat defence against the phytopathogen zymoseptoria tritici.mycosphaerella graminicola (zymoseptoria tritici commonly known as septoria), the causal agent of septoria leaf blotch (stb), is considered one of the major threats to european wheat production. previous studies have shown the importance of ubiquitination in plant defence against a multitude of pathogens. however the ubiquitination machinery in wheat is under studied, particularly e2 enzymes that have the ability to control the ubiquitination and thereby the fate of many different target protein ...201627759089
characterization of triticum aestivum abscisic acid receptors and a possible role for these in mediating fusairum head blight susceptibility in wheat.abscisic acid (aba) is a well-characterized plant hormone, known to mediate developmental aspects as well as both abiotic and biotic stress responses. notably, the exogenous application of aba has recently been shown to increase susceptibility to the fungal pathogen fusarium graminearum, the causative agent of fusarium head blight (fhb) in wheat and other cereals. however roles and mechanisms associated with aba's modulation of pathogen responses remain enigmatic. here the identification of puta ...201627755583
collinearity analysis and high-density genetic mapping of the wheat powdery mildew resistance gene pm40 in pi 672538.the wheat powdery mildew resistance gene pm40, which is located on chromosomal arm 7bs, is effective against nearly all prevalent races of blumeria graminis f. sp tritici (bgt) in china and is carried by the common wheat germplasm pi 672538. a set of the f1, f2 and f2:3 populations from the cross of the resistant pi 672538 with the susceptible line l1034 were used to conduct genetic analysis of powdery mildew resistance and construct a high-density linkage map of the pm40 gene. we constructed a ...201627755575
growth of wheat and lettuce and enzyme activities of soils under garlic stalk decomposition for different durations.garlic (allium sativum l.) stalk is a byproduct of garlic production that is normally thought of as waste but is now considered a useful biological resource. it is necessary to utilize this resource efficiently and reasonably to reduce environmental pollution and achieve sustainable agricultural development.201627753097
effects of different depth of grain colour on antioxidant capacity during water imbibition in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).the importance of the effect of phytochemical accumulation in wheat grain on grain physiology has been recognised. in this study, we tracked phytochemical concentration in the seed coat of purple wheat during the water-imbibition phase and also hypothesised that the speed of germination was only relevant to its initial phytochemical concentration.201727753094
qtl mapping identifies a major locus for resistance in wheat to sunn pest (eurygaster integriceps) feeding at the vegetative growth stage.this research provides the first report of a major locus controlling wheat resistance to sunn pest. it developed and validated snp markers that will be useful for marker-assisted selection. sunn pest (eurygaster integriceps puton) is the most destructive insect pest of bread wheat and durum wheat in west and central asia and east europe. breeding for resistance at the vegetative stage of growth is vital in reducing the damage caused by overwintered adult populations that feed on shoot and leaves ...201727744491
transcription factors involved in drought tolerance and their possible role in developing drought tolerant cultivars with emphasis on wheat (triticum aestivum l.).tfs involved in drought tolerance in plants may be utilized in future for developing drought tolerant cultivars of wheat and some other crops. plants have developed a fairly complex stress response system to deal with drought and other abiotic stresses. these response systems often make use of transcription factors (tfs); a gene encoding a specific tf together with -its target genes constitute a regulon, and take part in signal transduction to activate/silence genes involved in response to droug ...201627738714
leachate composition and toxicity assessment: an integrated approach correlating physicochemical parameters and toxicity of leachates from msw landfill in delhi.landfills are considered the most widely practiced method for disposal of municipal solid waste (msw) and 95% of the total msw collected worldwide is disposed of in landfills. leachate produced from msw landfills may contain a number of pollutants and pose a potential environmental risk for surface as well as ground water. in the present study, chemical analysis and toxicity assessment of landfill leachate have been carried out. leachate samples were collected from ghazipur landfill site, new de ...201727735215
the defence-associated transcriptome of hexaploid wheat displays homoeolog expression and induction bias.bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is an allopolyploid species containing three ancestral genomes. therefore, three homoeologous copies exist for the majority of genes in the wheat genome. whether different homoeologs are differentially expressed (homoeolog expression bias) in response to biotic and abiotic stresses is poorly understood. in this study, we applied a rna-seq approach to analyse homoeolog-specific global gene expression patterns in wheat during infection by the fungal pathogen fusa ...027735125
impact of preharvest sprouting of wheat (triticum aestivum) in the field on starch, protein, and arabinoxylan properties.to obtain detailed knowledge on possible changes in the properties of starch, proteins, and arabinoxylan as a result of field preharvest sprouting (phs), three wheat varieties were harvested at maturity and several weeks later when severe phs had occurred. falling number values of flour dropped from 306 to 147 s (sahara), 382 to 155 s (forum), and 371 to 230 s (tobak). blocking of α-amylase activity demonstrated that the decline in falling number and changes in rva pasting and gelation propertie ...201627734675
enrichment of golgi membranes from triticum aestivum (wheat) seedlings.the golgi apparatus is an essential component in the plant secretory pathway. the enrichment of golgi membranes from plant tissue is fundamental to the study of this structurally complex organelle. the utilization of density centrifugation for the enrichment of golgi membranes is still the most widely employed isolation technique. generally, the procedure requires optimization depending on the plant tissue being employed. here we provide a detailed enrichment procedure that has previously been u ...201727730608
the associative changes in scutellum nuclear content and morphology with viability loss of naturally aged and accelerated aging wheat (triticum aestivum) seeds.timely prediction of seed viability loss over long-term storage represents a challenge in management and conservation of ex situ plant genetic resources. however, little attention has been paid to study the process of seed deterioration and seed aging signals under storage. an attempt was made here to investigate morphological and molecular changes in the scutellum and aleurone sections of naturally or artificially aged wheat seeds using tunel assay and dapi staining. twelve wheat genotypes or s ...201627729925
comparison of old and new wheat cultivars in iran by measuring germination related traits, osmotic tolerance and issr diversity.a primary concern of modern plant breeding is that genetic diversity has decreased during the past century. this study set out to explore changes in genetic variation during 84 years of breeding by investigating the germination-related traits, inter-simple sequence repeat (issr) fingerprinting and osmotic stress tolerance of 30 iranian wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars. seeds were planted under control and osmotic stress (-2, -4 and -6 bar) in three replications. the issr experiment was car ...201627729725
genome-wide association analysis on pre-harvest sprouting resistance and grain color in u.s. winter wheat.pre-harvest sprouting (phs) in wheat can cause substantial reduction in grain yield and end-use quality. grain color (gc) together with other components affect phs resistance. several quantitative trait loci (qtl) have been reported for phs resistance, and two of them on chromosome 3as (taphs1) and 4a have been cloned.201627729004
long-term manure amendments and chemical fertilizers enhanced soil organic carbon sequestration in a wheat (triticum aestivum l.)-maize (zea mays l.) rotation system.the carbon sequestration potential is affected by cropping system and management practices, but soil organic carbon (soc) sequestration potential under fertilizations remains unclear in north china. this study examined soc change, total c input to soil and, via integration of these estimates over years, carbon sequestration efficiency (cse, the ratio of soc change over c input) under no fertilization (control), chemical nitrogen fertilizer alone (n) or combined with phosphorus and potassium fert ...201727718239
abiotic stress upregulated tazfp34 represses the expression of type-b response regulator and shy2 genes and enhances root to shoot ratio in wheat.q-type c2h2 zinc finger proteins (zfps) are plant-specific dna-binding proteins containing a conserved qalggh motif. this study investigated the function of abiotic stress-inducible and predominantly root-expressed triticum aestivum zfps (tazfp22, tazfp34 and tazfp46) with a focus on tazfp34. expression of tazfp34 in roots was upregulated by high salinity, dehydration, oxidative and cold stresses. overexpression of tazfp34 in wheat roots resulted in an increased root-to-shoot ratio, a phenomenon ...201627717481
temporal and spatial expression and function of tadlea3 in triticum aestivum during developmental stages under drought stress.drought stress is a major factor limiting wheat growth and productivity. late embryogenesis abundant (lea) proteins are tolerant to water-related stress. to reveal the regulatory mechanisms of lea proteins under drought stress, we cloned a novel group 3 lea gene, namely, tadlea3, from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) shaanhe 6. subcellular localization assay showed that tadlea3 protein accumulated in the cytoplasm. quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results revealed that tadlea3 expres ...201627717465
development of ems-induced mutation population for amylose and resistant starch variation in bread wheat (triticum aestivum) and identification of candidate genes responsible for amylose variation.starch is a major part of cereal grain. it comprises two glucose polymer fractions, amylose (am) and amylopectin (ap), that make up about 25 and 75 % of total starch, respectively. the ratio of the two affects processing quality and digestibility of starch-based food products. digestibility determines nutritional quality, as high amylose starch is considered a resistant or healthy starch (rs type 2) and is highly preferred for preventive measures against obesity and related health conditions. th ...201627716051
a recessive pollination control system for wheat based on intein-mediated protein splicing.a transgene-expression system for wheat that relies on the complementation of inactive precursor protein fragments through a split-intein system is described. the n- and c-terminal fragments of a barnase gene from bacillus amyloliquifaciens were fused to intein sequences from synechocystis sp. and transformed into wheat plants. upon translation, both barnase fragments are assembled by an autocatalytic intein-mediated trans-splicing reaction, thus forming a cytotoxic enzyme. this chapter focuses ...201727714617
genomic dissection and expression profiling revealed functional divergence in triticum aestivum leucine rich repeat receptor like kinases (talrrks).the leucine rich repeat receptor like kinases (lrrk) constitute the largest subfamily of receptor like kinases (rlk), which play critical roles in plant development and stress responses. herein, we identified 531 talrrk genes in triticum aestivum (bread wheat), which were distributed throughout the a, b, and d sub-genomes and chromosomes. these were clustered into 233 homologous groups, which were mostly located on either homeologous chromosomes from various sub-genomes or in proximity on the sa ...201627713749
artificial macropores attract crop roots and enhance plant productivity on compacted soils.the structure of compacted soils is characterised by decreased (macro-)porosity, which leads to increased mechanical impedance and decreased fluid transport rates, resulting in reduced root growth and crop productivity. particularly in soils with high mechanical impedance, macropores can be used by roots as pathways of least resistance. this study investigated how different soil physical states relate to whole plant growth and whether roots grow towards spots with favourable soil physical condit ...201727712865
host plant quantitative trait loci affect specific behavioral sequences in oviposition by a stem-mining insect.genetic diversity in quantitative loci associated with plant traits used by insects as cues for host selection can influence oviposition behavior and maternal choice. host plant selection for oviposition is an important determinant of progeny performance and survival for phytophagous insects. specific cues from the plant influence insect oviposition behavior; but, to date, no set of host plant quantitative trait loci (qtls) have been shown to have an effect on behavioral sequences leading to ovi ...201727709252
application of glycerol for induced powdery mildew resistance in triticum aestivum l.previous work has demonstrated that glycerol-3-phosphate (g3p) and oleic acid (18:1) are two important signal molecules associated with plant resistance to fungi. in this article, we provide evidence that a 3% glycerol spray application 1-2 days before powdery mildew infection and subsequent applications once every 4 days was sufficient to stimulate the plant defense responses without causing any significant damage to wheat leaves. we found that g3p and oleic acid levels were markedly induced by ...201627708588
uncovering leaf rust responsive mirnas in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using high-throughput sequencing and prediction of their targets through degradome analysis.deep sequencing identified 497 conserved and 559 novel mirnas in wheat, while degradome analysis revealed 701 targets genes. qrt-pcr demonstrated differential expression of mirnas during stages of leaf rust progression. bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is an important cereal food crop feeding 30 % of the world population. major threat to wheat production is the rust epidemics. this study was targeted towards identification and functional characterizations of micro(mi)rnas and their target gene ...201727699487
a flow cytometric method for estimating s-phase duration in plants.the duration of the dna synthesis stage (s phase) of the cell cycle is fundamental in our understanding of cell cycle kinetics, cell proliferation, and dna replication timing programs. most s-phase duration estimates that exist for plants are based on indirect measurements. we present a method for directly estimating s-phase duration by pulse-labeling root tips or actively dividing suspension cells with the halogenated thymidine analog 5-ethynl-2'-deoxyuridine (edu) and analyzing the time course ...201627697785
characterization and expression analysis of phytoene synthase from bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).phytoene synthase (psy) regulates the first committed step of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in plants. the present work reports identification and characterization of the three psy genes (tapsy1, tapsy2 and tapsy3) in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the tapsy1, tapsy2, and tapsy3 genes consisted of three homoeologs on the long arm of group 7 chromosome (7l), short arm of group 5 chromosome (5s), and long arm of group 5 chromosome (5l), respectively in each subgenomes (a, b, and d) with a sim ...201627695116
temporal variation of mycotoxin producing fungi in norwegian cereals.spring barley is grown on about half of the norwegian cereal area. the rest of the area is equally divided between wheat and oats. most years the domestic production provides 70%-80% of the domestic market for bread wheat. barley and oats are mainly grown for animal feed. during the years 2008-2012, severe epidemics of fusarium head blight have led to increased mycotoxin contamination of cereals. during that period, precipitation was above normal during anthesis and grain maturation. the most im ...027694772
the lr34 adult plant rust resistance gene provides seedling resistance in durum wheat without senescence.the hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum) adult plant resistance gene, lr34/yr18/sr57/pm38/ltn1, provides broad spectrum resistance to wheat leaf rust (lr34), stripe rust (yr18), stem rust (sr57) and powdery mildew (pm38) pathogens, and has remained effective in wheat crops for many decades. the partial resistance provided by this gene is only apparent in adult plants and not effective in seedlings under standard growth conditions. lr34 also causes leaf tip necrosis (ltn1) in mature adult plant le ...201627685031
physical, textural, and antioxidant properties of extruded waxy wheat flour snack supplemented with several varieties of bran.wheat represents a ubiquitous commodity and although industries valorize 10% of wheat bran, most of this antioxidant-rich byproduct gets fed to livestock. the objective of this study was to incorporate wheat bran into an extruded snack. bran samples from hard red spring, soft white club cv. bruehl, and purple wheat lines were added to cv. waxy-pen wheat flour (triticum aestivum l.) at replacement concentrations of 0%, 12.5%, 25%, and 37.5% (w/w; n = 10). extrudates were evaluated for antioxidant ...201627681599
a novel qtl associated with dwarf bunt resistance in idaho 444 winter wheat.a novel qtl, q.db.ui-7ds, and the pcr-based markers identified in the current study will accelerate variety development for resistance to dwarf and common bunt of wheat. dwarf bunt [tilletia controversa j.g. kühn [as 'contraversa'], in rabenhorst, hedwigia 13: 188 (1874)] is a destructive disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) that reduces grain yield and quality. a number of distinct genes conferring resistance to dwarf bunt have been used by breeding programs for nearly 100 years. however, fe ...201627681089
how can we improve crop genotypes to increase stress resilience and productivity in a future climate? a new crop screening method based on productivity and resistance to abiotic stress.the need to accelerate the selection of crop genotypes that are both resistant to and productive under abiotic stress is enhanced by global warming and the increase in demand for food by a growing world population. in this paper, we propose a new method for evaluation of wheat genotypes in terms of their resilience to stress and their production capacity. the method quantifies the components of a new index related to yield under abiotic stress based on previously developed stress indices, namely ...201627677299
multiple minor qtls are responsible for fusarium head blight resistance in chinese wheat landrace haiyanzhong.fusarium head blight (fhb), caused by fusarium graminearum schwabe, is a devastating disease in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). use of host resistance is one of the most effective strategies to minimize the disease damage. haiyanzhong (hyz) is a chinese wheat landrace that shows a high level of resistance to fhb spread within a spike (type ii resistance). to map the quantitative trait loci (qtls) in hyz and identify markers tightly linked to the qtls for fhb resistance, a population of 172 recombi ...201727676181
yr58: a new stripe rust resistance gene and its interaction with yr46 for enhanced resistance.the quantitative trait loci qyr.sun-3bs and qyr.sun-4dl were identified in the w195/btss recombinant inbred line (ril) population in a previous study. qyr.sun-3bs explained 34 to 59% phenotypic variation in stripe rust response. we evaluated parental genotypes at different growth stages and temperature regimes to detect the critical stage for expression of qyr.sun-3bs. w195 expressed low infection type (it) ;1c at the fourth leaf stage, when incubated at 21 ± 2°c and the alternate parent btss wa ...201627673348
virus-induced gene silencing identifies an important role of the tarsr1 transcription factor in starch synthesis in bread wheat.the function of a wheat starch regulator 1 (tarsr1) in regulating the synthesis of grain storage starch was determined using the barley stripe mosaic virus-virus induced gene-silencing (bsmv-vigs) method in field experiments. chlorotic stripes appeared on the wheat spikes infected with barley stripe mosaic virus-virus induced gene-silencing- wheat starch regulator 1 (bsmv-vigs-tarsr1) at 15 days after anthesis, at which time the transcription levels of the tarsr1 gene significantly decreased. qu ...201627669224
qtl mapping of fusarium head blight resistance in three related durum wheat populations.the qtl fhb1 was successfully introgressed and validated in three durum wheat populations. the novel germplasm and the qtl detected will support improvement of fusarium resistance in durum wheat. durum wheat (triticum durum desf.) is particularly susceptible to fusarium head blight (fhb) and breeding for resistance is hampered by limited genetic variation within this species. to date, resistant sources are mainly available in a few wild relative tetraploid wheat accessions. in this study, the ef ...201727662843
characterization of lr75: a partial, broad-spectrum leaf rust resistance gene in wheat.here, we describe a strategy to improve broad-spectrum leaf rust resistance by marker-assisted combination of two partial resistance genes. one of them represents a novel partial adult plant resistance gene, named lr75. leaf rust caused by the fungal pathogen puccinia triticina is a damaging disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the combination of several, additively-acting partial disease resistance genes has been proposed as a suitable strategy to breed wheat cultivars with high levels of d ...201727659842
breeding value of primary synthetic wheat genotypes for grain yield.to introduce new genetic diversity into the bread wheat gene pool from its progenitor, aegilops tauschii (coss.) schmalh, 33 primary synthetic hexaploid wheat genotypes (syn) were crossed to 20 spring bread wheat (bw) cultivars at the international wheat and maize improvement center. modified single seed descent was used to develop 97 populations with 50 individuals per population using first back-cross, biparental, and three-way crosses. individuals from each cross were selected for short statu ...201727656893
the seed dormancy allele tasdr-a1a associated with pre-harvest sprouting tolerance is mainly present in chinese wheat landraces.we cloned tasdr - a1 gene, and developed a gene-specific marker for tasdr - a1 . a qtl for germination index at the tasdr - a1 locus was identified in the yangxiaomai/zhongyou 9507 ril population. pre-harvest sprouting (phs) affects yield and end-use quality in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). in the present study we found an association between the tasdr-a1 gene and phs tolerance in bread wheat. tasdr-a1 on chromosome 2a was cloned using a homologous cloning approach. sequence analysis of ta ...201727650191
characterization of 4 tagast genes during spike development and seed germination and their response to exogenous phytohormones in common wheat.gibberellic acid (ga) is involved in the regulation of plant growth and development. we defined ga-stimulated transcript (gast) gene family and characterized its four members (tagast1, 2, 3, and 4) in wheat spikes. triticum aestivum whole spikes were collected at ten developmental stages and dehulled spikelets were obtained at various days after flowering. expression of tagast1, 2, 3, and 4 was analyzed using rt-pcr at inflorescence development stages, in different tissues, and after phytohormon ...201627649990
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