Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| analysis and characterization of mycoplasma gallisepticum isolates from pennsylvania. | because mycoplasma gallisepticum f strain vaccine can be pathogenic in chickens and is pathogenic in turkeys, we monitored the spread of mg f strain into unvaccinated flocks by screening field and experimental isolates. thirteen mg isolates obtained from various sources in pennsylvania were screened using several techniques capable of differentiating between mg strains. dna restriction enzyme analysis (rea), sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) protein profiles, n ... | 1994 | 7832700 |
| metabolic radiolabelling of mycoplasma gallisepticum on vero cells and radioimmunoprecipitation assay. | a monoclonal antibody (mab) a2 was produced against a major polypeptide of mycoplasma gallisepticum with a molecular mass of 64 kda. mab a2 reacted in immunoblot at a titre of 10(4.33) and had a titre of 10(4.5) in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. in a radioimmunoprecipitation assay (ripa) using metabolic [35s]methionine radiolabelling of m. gallisepticum suspension in vero cell culture, mab a2 was able to precipitate the 64 kda protein and another protein of 47 kda. the present study invol ... | 1995 | 7829865 |
| detection of mycoplasma gallisepticum antibodies in turkey blood samples by elisa and by the slide agglutination and haemagglutination inhibition tests. | comparative examination of a total of 1,030 blood samples from six turkey flocks of three eastern hungarian turkey farms was performed by the conventional haemagglutination inhibition (hi) and slide agglutination (sa) tests and by a competitive elisa visualizing the inhibition by a positive test serum of the reaction between a monoclonal antibody and the specific epitope of mycoplasma gallisepticum recognized by it. all the three tests detected the flocks which were certainly infected. the highe ... | 1994 | 7810403 |
| physical mapping of the mycoplasma gallisepticum s6 genome with localization of selected genes. | we report the construction of a physical map of the mycoplasma gallisepticum s6 genome by field-inversion gel electrophoresis of dna fragments generated by digestion of genomic dna with rare-cutting restriction endonucleases. the size of the m. gallisepticum s6 genome was calculated to be approximately 1,054 kb. the loci of several genes have been assigned to the map by southern hybridization utilizing specific gene probes. | 1995 | 7798142 |
| detection of specific antibodies directed against a consistently expressed surface antigen of mycoplasma gallisepticum using a monoclonal blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | sera from 14 groups of chickens inoculated with different laboratory and field strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) were used to compare the diagnostic potential of the hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) test and a recently developed monoclonal blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). hi was performed with strain a5969, commonly used as hemagglutinating antigen, and it could detect 62.7% of the inoculated chickens as positive. of all sera, 83% proved to be positive when examined wit ... | 1995 | 7794187 |
| [cloning and analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the segment in the mycoplasma gallisepticum genome containing the gene for the atp-binding subunit of dna topoisomerase type ii (topiib)]. | m. gallisepticum genome fragment carrying complete coding sequence for atp-binding subunit of topoisomerase ii (topiib), partial coding sequence for n-terminal part of a-subunit of topoisomerase ii and region upstream of topiib gene (open reading frame encoding 99 amino acids) was sequenced. the nucleotide sequence of topiib has significant homology with previously reported gyrase genes and pare gene of e. coli. no protein sequence significantly similar to the open reading frame upstream from th ... | 1995 | 7783737 |
| mycoplasma gallisepticum 16s rrna genes. | the genome of mycoplasma gallisepticum a5969 contains a truncated pseudogene for 16s rrna in addition to a single unsplit rrna-operon and a second discontinuous set of rrna genes. other m. gallisepticum strains tested do not possess the truncated gene. this gene is almost identical to full-size isolated 16s rrna gene starting from at least 500 nucleotides upstream of the coding sequence and ending at the 977th nucleotide within the structural part of 16s rrna. | 1995 | 7781981 |
| mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in drug-treated chickens: comparison of diagnosis methods including polymerase chain reaction. | ten chickens were inoculated with mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) and treated with enrofloxacine. on eight different dates post-inoculation (pi), tracheal swab samples were collected for mycoplasma culture or detection by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and blood samples were analysed by slide-agglutination test (sa) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). results showed that culture and pcr detected mg from 14/80 or 20/80 samples, respectively. the last culture-positive sample was collect ... | 1994 | 7740859 |
| evaluation of the efficacy of zwitterionic dodecyl carboxybetaine surfactants for the extraction and the separation of mycoplasma membrane protein antigens. | the ability to extract mycoplasma membrane protein antigens using the alkyl carboxybetaine surfactants (n-dodecyl-n,n-dimethylammonio)butyrate (ddmab, cmc = 4.3 mm) and (n-dodecyl-n,n-dimethylammonio)undecanoate (ddmau, cmc = 0.13 mm) was assessed by protein titration and sds-page analysis. the maximum yields of membrane protein solubilization ranged from 20 to 90%, depending upon both the mycoplasma membrane investigated and the surfactant used. in five of six cases, the extraction was optimal ... | 1995 | 7733453 |
| occurrence of keratoconjunctivitis apparently caused by mycoplasma gallisepticum in layer chickens. | natural cases of keratoconjunctivitis, apparently caused by mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg), in layer chickens are described. the disease occurred in a commercial flock consisting of 36,000 pullets (babcock), first appearing around 30 days of age. clinically, affected chickens showed unilateral or bilateral swelling of the facial skin and the eyelids, increased lacrimation, congestion of conjunctival vessels, and respiratory rales. some of the severely affected chickens closed their eyes. the morb ... | 1995 | 7725593 |
| mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chukar partridges, pheasants, and peafowl. | mycoplasma gallisepticum infection was diagnosed in a group of chukar partridges, pheasants, and peafowl based on serology and isolation techniques. the farm also had quail, chickens, and ducks. clinical signs in growing birds consisted of foamy eyes, swollen infraorbital sinuses, respiratory distress, and death. breeding birds experienced a severe drop in egg production. histologically, the growing birds exhibited lymphoplasmacytic inflammation of the conjunctiva, sinus, and trachea. the most l ... | 1994 | 7702531 |
| evidence for a common epitope on the surface of mycoplasma gallisepticum defined by monoclonal antibody. | an antigen containing a common epitope in most strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum was purified by isoelectric focusing and used in the production of monoclonal antibodies (mab). of several mab produced, only one mab reacted with focused component and with all six strains of m. gallisepticum except strain 6/85. this mab was designated mg3d6.a5, and it was subsequently purified with immobilized rprotein atm. the mg3d6.a5 mab recognized a common epitope on a molecule with relative molecular weight ... | 1993 | 7689775 |
| species identification of avian mycoplasmas by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis were used to detect and differentiate four pathogenic species (mycoplasma gallisepticum, m. iowae, m. meleagridis, and m. synoviae) and ten nonpathogenic species of avian mycoplasma. a sequence of 1026 base pairs within the gene for 16s ribosomal rna (16s rrna) from avian mycoplasmas was successfully amplified by pcr with oligonucleotide primers (m16spcr5' and m16spcr3') common to all avian mycoplasmas t ... | 1995 | 7677664 |
| effect of isolation and sanitation on the recovery of f-strain mycoplasma gallisepticum from chronically infected hens held in biological isolation units. | two trials were conducted to determine if individual housing or improved sanitation would enable hens to clear mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) infection. in each of the two trials, 40 commercial leghorn hens were infected with f strain mg (f-mg) and confined in biological isolation units in two groups: 1) hens housed individually in each of eight isolation units and 2) hens housed in groups of four in each of eight other units. each of these two groups was further subdivided into two groups: 1) no ... | 1995 | 7677646 |
| antigenic relatedness between seven avian mycoplasma species as revealed by western blot analysis. | cross-reactivities among seven avian mycoplasma species (mycoplasma gallisepticum, m. synoviae, m. meleagridis, m. iowae, m. anatis, m. gallinarum, and m. iners) were examined using rabbit polyclonal antisera and two monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against m. pneumoniae: myc-9 and myc-4. the major antigens and cross-reacting antigens of the seven mycoplasma species were demonstrated by immunoblotting assay using homologous and heterologous antisera. two-way cross-reacting antigens of ms and mg, wit ... | 1995 | 7677645 |
| dna diversity among isolates of campylobacter jejuni detected by pcr-based rapd fingerprinting. | a pcr-based randomly amplified polymorphic dna method was used to amplify campylobacter jejuni dna using a single oligonucleotide primer derived from either a homologous source or from mycoplasma gallisepticum. the method was able to detect the heterogeneity of amplified dna from human, chicken and turkey sources and can be used as a tool to study the epidemiology of campylobacter jejuni infection. | 1995 | 7571378 |
| in vivo variation of mycoplasma gallisepticum antigen expression in experimentally infected chickens. | the antigen expression profiles of mycoplasma gallisepticum isolates obtained from tracheal swabs of chickens after aerosol-inoculation with m. gallisepticum strain r or clonal variant r/e were examined in western immunoblots. a reference anti-m. gallisepticum chicken antiserum and antisera from individual infected chickens as well as monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for surface proteins were used to monitor in vivo antigenic variation. mabs 1e5 and 12d8, recognizing pvpa and p67a, recently ... | 1995 | 7571373 |
| sequence and transcriptional analysis of the genes encoding the class-ii topoisomerase of mycoplasma gallisepticum. | the gyrab genes encoding the entire b and a portion of the a subunit of dna gyrase (e.c. 5.99.1.3) from mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg), strain s6, were cloned and sequenced. these gyrab genes are co-transcribed as a single, polycistronic mrna transcript. the mg gyrb appears unique among prokaryotic gyrb in its use of gug as a start codon. | 1995 | 7557470 |
| analysis of the variability in expression of mycoplasma gallisepticum surface antigens. | the in vitro expression of surface epitopes for different strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) was studied with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) using indirect colony immunostaining and western blot (wb) analyses. immunostaining of colonies with mabs showed that five epitopes had different degrees of variable expression, while one epitope was permanently expressed in vitro. colonies that failed to express the studied epitopes had the potential of phenotypically switching the expressio ... | 1994 | 7533961 |
| expression of mycoplasma gallisepticum f-strain surface epitope. | the expression of a mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) f-strain surface epitope was studied using monoclonal antibody 6f10. different f strain colonies were cloned based on positive or negative expression of the 6f10-recognized epitope. clones selected for the lack of expression of this epitope (negative clones) reverted rapidly to positive expression. on the other hand, negative clones derived from f-strain-vaccinated chickens expressed the 6f10-recognized epitope variably. after in vitro passages, ... | 1994 | 7530442 |
| a surface epitope undergoing high-frequency phase variation is shared by mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma bovis. | we have recently reported that three distinct size- and phase-variable surface lipoproteins (vsps) of the bovine pathogen mycoplasma bovis possess a common epitope recognized by monoclonal antibody 1e5. in the present study, we show that this epitope is also present on a size-variant protein (pvpa) of the avian pathogen mycoplasma gallisepticum. application of monoclonal antibody 1e5 in western immunoblot analysis of triton x-114 phase-fractionated proteins and in colony immunoblots, as well as ... | 1994 | 7523302 |
| development and evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction method for diagnosis of mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method specific for mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) was evaluated. the pcr method was found to detect as few as two colour changing units (ccu) of mg and did not give false positive reactions with other avian mycoplasmas. in chickens inoculated with either mg or mycoplasma synoviae (ms), the pcr method was found to closely correlate with mg culture reisolation methods in chicken intranasally inoculated with mg. all chickens inoculated with ms tested negative using ... | 1993 | 7511790 |
| evaluation of a monoclonal blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of mycoplasma gallisepticum-specific antibodies. | a monoclonal blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (blocking-elisa) was developed to detect antibodies to mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) in poultry sera with the help of a peroxidase-labeled monoclonal antibody (mab) recognizing an epitope of a 56-kilodalton polypeptide (p56) of mg. immunoglobulins from undiluted mg-positive sera prevent the mab conjugate from attaching to its specific binding site on p56, which results in no color development. the opposite result--a strong color reaction--w ... | 1993 | 7504918 |
| [effect of selected solvents on mycoplasma gallisepticum]. | 1980 | 7456534 | |
| comparison of mycoplasma synoviae hemagglutinating antigens by the hemagglutination-inhibition test. | mycoplasma synoviae (ms) strains were isolated from the trachea of hens from ms-positive broiler breeder flocks having progeny condemnations due to airsacculitis. hemagglutinating (ha) antigens were made from several strains. the ha antigen made from the 95th medium passage of ms fmt strain was compared with that of the standard ms wvu 1853 strain by the hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) test. sixty-six sera from 10 ms-positive flocks, 4 mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg)-positive sera, and 7 normal s ... | 1980 | 7447835 |
| preliminary clinical pharmacological investigations of tylosin and tiamulin in chickens. | the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) of tiamulin and tylosin for mycoplasma, gram-positive, and gram-negative micro-organisms isolated from chickens were determinated by the agar dilution method. median mic values for tiamulin against mycoplasma gallisepticum (0.05 microgram/ml) and mycoplasma synoviae (0.10 microgram/ml) were 2 to 4 times lower than the corresponding values for tylosin. tiamulin was also slightly more effective in vitro in inhibiting escherichia coli, pasteurella multoci ... | 1980 | 7444918 |
| development of a microtitration complement-fixation test for diagnosis of mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens. | a direct microtitration complement-fixation (cf) test was developed for diagnosis of mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens. cf titers were demonstrated three weeks postinoculation in chickens inoculated intratracheally with m. gallisepticum. the direct microtitration cf test appeared comparable to the hemagglutination-inhibition test in sensitivity and specificity. addition of fresh chicken serum to lyophilized guinea pig complement (gpc') was not necessary to enhance fixaton of gpc' by ... | 1980 | 7436960 |
| effect of sex and mycoplasma synoviae infection on chicken red blood cells used for hemagglutination-inhibition test. | a total of 10 male and 10 female 9-week-old commercial mycoplasma-free broiler chickens was used in this test. five males and 5 females were artificially infected by aerosol with a broth culture of mycoplasma synoviae (ms) f10-2as. the other 5 males and 5 females were used as noninfected controls. at 3, 9, and 12 weeks postinfection all birds were bled, and the blood was pooled into 4 groups: infected male, noninfected male, infected female, and noninfected female. hemagglutination-inhibition (h ... | 1980 | 7393863 |
| a survey of mycoplasma infections in domestic poultry. | a survey of mycoplasma infections of chickens, turkeys and ducks was made on tissues from a variety of sources and birds of various ages, and from pipped and dead-in-shell turkey embryos. the tissues examined consisted mainly of respiratory tissue and the cloaca and contents and also a small number of joint lesions and other tissues. from chickens, mycoplasmas were isolated from a total of 138 tissues with mycoplasma gallisepticum in preponderance. this was followed by m gallinarum, untyped orga ... | 1980 | 7375739 |
| the growth and cilia-stopping effect of mycoplasma gallisepticum 1rf in chicken tracheal organ cultures. | the growth and pathogenicity of mycoplasma gallisepticum 1rf were studied in chicken tracheal organ cultures. the organism propagated only in the presence of tracheal rings in culture fluids. presence of metabolic products from rings seems to be an important factor for the growth of organism. production of hydrogen peroxide was not detected. there were no differences in the growth and cilia-stopping effects among organisms maintained in vitro, stored at -18 degrees c, and recovered from air sac, ... | 1980 | 7375737 |
| ultrastructural study of the interaction between acholeplasma laidlawii and antibody. | the ultrastructure of agar-grown acholeplasma laidlawii incubated with specific antiserum or igm fractions of this antiserum has been investigated by the thin-sectioning technique. antiserum treatment resulted in the development of giant cells along the colony circumferences and in the coating of normal-size mycoplasmas with a periodically arranged extramembranous layer, consisting of attached immunoglobulins as shown by indirect immunoferritin labelling. the regular structure of the coat was no ... | 1980 | 7373282 |
| [microscopic and ultramicroscopic lesions from experimental mycoplasma infection in respiratory tract of chickens. possible difference between pathogenic and non pathogenic strains (author's transl)]. | for three weeks after experimental infection of trachea and scroll bone with mycoplasma gallisepticum no lesions were detected in scroll bone, but only an abundant mucous secretion. mycoplasmas were present and adhered to cilia of epithelial cells. in trachea an almost complete destruction of cilia was observed allowing swollen epithelial cells to appear with mycoplasmas adhering to villi. strain w31 serotype c caused no lesions but cells and cilia were covered with a thick layer of mucous. | 1981 | 7342836 |
| characterization of an isolate of mycoplasma wvu 907 which possesses common antigens to mycoplasma gallisepticum. | antigenic characteristics of an isolate of mycoplasma wvu 907 were compared with mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) and mycoplasma synoviae. mycoplasma wvu 907 and mg share common agglutinating and precipitin antigens. although hemagglutinin is an integral part of wvu 907, hemagglutinating-inhibited antibody was not detected in sera of chickens inoculated with wvu 907. the clinical symptoms observed in chickens inoculated with wvu 907 were mild. viral infections of chickens helped spread wvu 907 to c ... | 1981 | 7337614 |
| immunogenic potency of oil-emulsified mycoplasma gallisepticum bacterins. | immunogenicity of an aqueous mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) bacterin and two oil-emulsified bacterins with aqueous-phase-to-oil-phase ratios of 1:2 and 1:4 were evaluated in 3 groups of 5-week-old mg-free white leghorn chickens. group 4 chickens were nonimmunized controls. group 1, 2, and 3 chickens received primary immunizations with 0.5 ml of bacterin subcutaneously (sc). six weeks later, half of the vaccinated chickens received a second immunization (0.5 ml sc). six weeks after the last dose o ... | 1981 | 7337609 |
| a mycoplasma gallisepticum epornitic in turkeys: its epidemiology and eradication. | 1981 | 7337605 | |
| transmissibility of the f strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum in leghorn chickens. | leghorn pullets free of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) were infected with the f strain of mg at approximately 18 weeks of age. at various times up to 27 weeks postinfection, infected chickens were placed in a pen with uninfected controls. infected chickens remained tracheal carriers up to 49 weeks postinfection. infection was readily transmitted to penmates during the first 4 weeks postinfection; in most instances from 6 through 27 weeks postinfection, transmission to penmates became progressivel ... | 1981 | 7337604 |
| symmetrical distribution and rapid transbilayer movement of cholesterol in mycoplasma gallisepticum membranes. | the exchange of cholesterol between [14c]cholesterol-labeled mycoplasma gallisepticum cells and an excess of sonicated egg phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol vesicles (molar ratio of 0.9) was measured. more than 90% of the radioactive cholesterol underwent transfer from intact cells to the vesicles. the kinetics of the transfer was biphasic. about 50% of the radioactive cholesterol was exchanged with a half-time of about 4 h. the residual was exchanged at a slower rate with a half-time of about 9 h ... | 1981 | 7317418 |
| sequential pathology of genital tract in chickens experimentally infected with mycoplasma gallisepticum. | unsexed day-old white leghorn chicks hatched from eggs pre-treated with erythromycin were infected via the yolk sac with a 48-hr broth culture of pathogenic mycoplasma gallisepticum (s6). fourteen of the 57 experimental female birds had gross lesions in the oviduct, characterized by the presence of grayish-white caseous plugs of various sizes in a segment or throughout the length of the oviduct. forty-six of the infected female birds had microscopic lesions, detected primarily as mild heterophil ... | 1981 | 7316912 |
| light microscopic, scanning electron microscopic, and histomorphometric evaluation of mycoplasma gallisepticum-induced airsacculitis in chickens. | 1981 | 7294464 | |
| mycoplasmosis in poultry. | mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma synoviae and mycoplasma meleagridis are the most widespread pathogenic poultry mycoplasmas. the epidemiology of the infections, and clinical signs, lesions, pathogenesis, diagnosis and control of disease are described. in epidemiology, the constant antigenic composition, variation in virulence, tropism, survival of the mycoplasma outside and within the host and susceptibility to drugs are outlined. the significance of species, age and immune status of the hos ... | 1981 | 7287415 |
| vaccination of chickens with nonpathogenic mycoplasma gallisepticum as a means for displacement of pathogenic strains. | attempts to solve the problem of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) infection of poultry by a combination of eradication and antibiotic treatment have at best met with only partial success. as a result of the continuing economic burden of the disease, there has been a renewed interest in vaccination as a tool in the control of mg. a particularly pressing problem exists in the commercial egg industry, where the occurrence of mg infection of layer hens at the onset of egg production leads to a marked d ... | 1981 | 7287410 |
| antibiotic sensitivity patterns in field isolates of mycoplasma gallisepticum as a guide to chemotherapy. | control of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) infection in commercial poultry flocks has sometimes been achieved by the intensive use of antibiotics. in some cases, a single drug, tylosin tartrate, has been used repeatedly in prophylactic and therapeutic applications. it appears that this selective pressure can lead to the emergence of strains with reduced sensitivity to tylosin. this was observed in mg strains isolated in 1978 from turkey breeding flocks repeatedly treated with tylosin, but not in ... | 1981 | 7287408 |
| mycoplasma-induced arthritis in poultry. | mycoplasmaa-induced arthritis of poultry under field conditions is almost entirely caused by mycoplasm synoviae (ms) infection. experimentally, mycoplasma synoviae, mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma meleagridis and mycoplasma iowae have all been shown to cause arthritis, tenosynovitis and lesions of periarticular tissue. however, greatest attention has been given to ms in this respect. the leg joints are most consistently involved, and of these particularly the tibiotarsal-tarsometatarsal and ... | 1981 | 7287403 |
| isolation and characterization of mycoplasma and acholeplasma from apparently healthy and diseased (infectious sinusitis) turkeys. | investigation of 136 turkeys (24 manifesting infra-orbital sinusitis, 112 apparently healthy) resulted in isolation of 79 strains of mycoplasma and 4 of acholeplasma. by the disc growth inhibition test with 16 reference antisera of avian serogroups, 55 strains were identified serologically and 28 remained unidentified. thirteen strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum, 1 of m. meleagridis, and 2 of acholeplasma laidlawii were isolated from turkey sinusitis whereas serogroups c (2), d (19), f (8), m. ... | 1981 | 7278710 |
| the effects of growth in broth containing different concentrations of glucose and horse serum on mycoplasma gallisepticum rapid serum agglutination antigens. | 1981 | 7275994 | |
| pathogenicity of strains of the ijknqr group of avian mycoplasmas for turkey embryos and poults. | strains of mycoplasmas isolated from turkey embryos and identified as belonging to the ijknqr group of avian mycoplasmas were found to produce lethal infections in experimentally exposed turkey embryos. some strains produced exudative airsacculitis in experimentally exposed poults. of 4 strains used to inoculate poults, two produced moderate airsacculitis, one produced a slight airsacculitis, and one had little or no effect on turkey poult air sacs. microscopic examination revealed that the air- ... | 1981 | 7271648 |
| evaluation of a vaccine against mycoplasma gallisepticum in commercial broilers. | the efficacy of live mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) vaccine against respiratory mycoplasmosis was studied in three laboratory trials with commercial broilers. broiler chickens were infected with the f or r strain of mg by eyedrop at 1 day of age, and challenged by aerosol exposure to the r strain of mg along with eyedrop vaccination against newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis at 30 or 34 days of age. observations were made of macroscopic lesions, severity of airsacculitis, isolations of m ... | 1980 | 7271643 |
| vaccination with f-strain mycoplasma gallisepticum to reduce production losses in layer chickens. | the effect of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) infection or vaccination of conn. f-strain mg on 45 weeks of egg production was analyzed using production records from 132 flocks of commercial layer hens. the flocks were located in pennsylvania, and the data were collected for two years. on the average, layers maintained free from infection with mg laid 15.7 more eggs/hen housed than the mg-infected layers; figures were adjusted for layer-strain effect. this adjusted advantage decreased to 8.7 eggs/h ... | 1981 | 7259680 |
| immunological response of chickens to mycoplasma gallisepticum infection. | the cellular, humoral, and local immune responses of chickens to mycoplasma gallisepticum infection were studied at weekly intervals for 10 weeks. a cellular response was indicated by significant leukocyte migration inhibition (lmi) was demonstrated as early as one week postinfection (pi), but the maximum lmi of 36.4% was observed at seven weeks pi. induction of cellular response was further confirmed by positive-delayed type of hypersensitivity reaction, observed in all infected birds tested. t ... | 1981 | 7259674 |
| the effects of different concentrations of glucose and horse serum on the growth of mycoplasma gallisepticum in broth culture. | 1981 | 7240266 | |
| determination of cholesterol asymmetry by rapid kinetics of filipin-cholesterol association: effect of modification in lipids and proteins. | the rapid kinetic behavior of filipin association with cholesterol was unaffected by binding of water-soluble proteins to vesicle and mycoplasma membranes and by proteolytic digestion of mycoplasma membrane proteins. the kinetic properties were, however, dependent on the membrane phospholipids, in that the initial rate of filipin association with cholesterol was enhanced by phospholipase a2 treatment by the incorporation of lysophosphatidylcholine, and by increasing the degree of unsaturation in ... | 1981 | 7236612 |
| control of membrane lipids in mycoplasma gallisepticum: effect on lipid order. | adaptation of mycoplasma gallisepticum, a sterol-requiring mycoplasma sp., to growth in a serum-free medium supplemented with cholesterol in decreasing concentrations and with various saturated or unsaturated fatty acids enabled us to control both the cholesterol levels and the membrane fatty acid composition. an estimate of the membrane physical state from fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene indicated that the membrane lipids of native m. gallisepticum were highly ordered ... | 1981 | 7216998 |
| proton motive force across the membrane of mycoplasma gallisepticum and its possible role in cell volume regulation. | a proton motive force (delta (-) microh+) of 70 to 130 mv was measured across the membrane of mycoplasma gallisepticum cells. the membrane potential was measured utilizing the lipid-soluble cation tetraphenylphosphonium. the method was validated by showing that in the presence of valinomycin the ratio of the concentrations (in/out) of tetraphenylphosphonium agreed well with those for k+ and rb+. the ph gradient was calculated from the measured distribution ratio of benzoic acid. the proton motiv ... | 1981 | 7204343 |
| the effect of phospholipase a2 on intact cells and isolated membranes of mycoplasma gallisepticum. | 1982 | 7160381 | |
| wildlife surveillance during a mycoplasma gallisepticum epornitic in domestic turkeys. | during a major mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) epornitic in domestic turkeys, tracheal swabs were collected and cultured from 477 and 770 potentially exposed wild mammals and birds, respectively. all culture attempts were negative. serum-plate (sp) and hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) tests on 770 bird sera revealed low titers (less than or equal to 1:40) in 0.9% of tested house sparrows, 1.1% of brown-headed cowbirds, 35.7% of common grackles, 1.0% of starlings, and 16.6% of eastern meadowlarks. ... | 1982 | 7159324 |
| microagglutination test for the detection of antibodies to mycoplasma gallisepticum and m. synoviae in avian sera. | 1982 | 7150146 | |
| cross-immunity and antigenic relationships among five strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum in young leghorn chickens. | five strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) were tested for their cross-protection, virulence, and antigenic relationship in young leghorn chickens. chickens vaccinated at 1 day of age by eye drop with the f or r strain of mg had good protection against aerosol challenge with the f, r, or s-6 strain at 4 weeks postvaccination. chickens vaccinated at 1 day of age with the 503 or 730 strain had only partial protection against challenge with r, f, or s-6; the degree of cross-protection was relate ... | 1982 | 7150144 |
| egg transmission of two strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens. | the egg transmissibility of strains f and r of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) was studied in 53 pullets by isolating mg from the eggs and embryos. mg was isolated at rates of 3.19% and 1.59% from the eggs of hens exposed by aerosol to the r or f strain, respectively. however, mg was isolated at rates of 0.19% and 0.00% from the eggs of chickens exposed by eye drop to the r or f strain, respectively. a statistically significant reduction in egg production was observed during the first 4 weeks post ... | 1982 | 7150143 |
| effects of ionophores and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide on mycoplasma gallisepticum adherence to erythrocytes. | to test the influence of the electrochemical ion gradient across mycoplasma membranes on the capacity of organisms to adhere to host cells, mycoplasma gallisepticum cells were treated with valinomycin, carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, and n,n'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (dccd) singly or in combination. uptake of [3h]tetraphenylphosphonium by the treated cells was employed as a measure of the effects of the ionophores on membrane potential. in the absence of k+, valinomycin increased, where ... | 1982 | 7141689 |
| the electrochemical potential across mycoplasmal membranes. | the electrochemical proton gradient across mycoplasmal membranes was studied. the transmembrane proton-motive potential, delta p, is composed of two parameters, a transmembrane electric potential difference, delta psi, and a transmembrane proton gradient, delta ph, according to the formula delta p = delta psi -(a x delta ph). membrane potentials were determined with use of potential-sensitive cyanine dyes. the delta psi for both mycoplasma mycoides subspecies capri and mycoplasma gallisepticum w ... | 1982 | 7123058 |
| studies of tylosin derivatives effective against macrolide-resistant strains: synthesis and structure-activity relationships. | the 4"-o-substituted tylosin derivatives were prepared by selective esterification of the 4"-oh, and relationships between the substituent groups and antimicrobial activity against macrolide-resistant strains were examined. introduction of branched-chain aliphatic acyl groups such as 2-methoxyisovaleryl or 4-methylvaleryl group afforded derivatives with good antibacterial activity; mic values were 12.5 microgram/ml against staphylococcus aureus ms-8710. mic values of tylosin, erythromycin and jo ... | 1982 | 7118722 |
| analysis of membrane fractions from mycoplasma gallisepticum. | membrane fractions have been isolated from mycoplasma gallisepticum following a procedure derived from that described by maniloff, j. and quinlan, d.c. (j. bacteriol. (1974) 120, 495-501). a light fraction f1 was obtained which contained structures resembling the bleb-infrableb apparatus characteristic of m. gallisepticum. it was enriched in dna and had an electrophoretic profile different from that of unfractionated membranes. cholesterol-to-phospholipid ratios higher than two and elevated valu ... | 1982 | 7115712 |
| mechanism of action of the copper(i) complex of 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline on mycoplasma gallisepticum. | evidence was found that the inhibitory action of cu(dmp)2no3, the copper(i) complex of 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (dmp), on mycoplasma gallisepticum is a consequence of the ultimate toxicity of copper, and not that of the ligand, dmp. from uptake studies with radiolabeled 67cu and [14c]dmp, we concluded that significantly more copper than dmp is bound to the mycoplasmal cell. it appeared that dissociation of cu(dmp)2+ occurred shortly after interaction with the cell membrane. copper was tr ... | 1982 | 7114836 |
| membrane proteins of mycoplasma gallisepticum. | mycoplasma gallisepticum membrane proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. we found no evidence for the presence of a membrane glycoprotein. | 1982 | 7107562 |
| lysophospholipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of lysophospholipids in mycoplasma gallisepticum membranes. | mycoplasma gallisepticum strains have a membrane-bound lysophospholipase which hydrolyzes lysophospholipid generated in these membranes by treatment with an external phospholipase. this paper studies the hydrolysis of the membranous lysophospholipids by an enzyme residing in the same membrane (intramembrane utilization) or in adjacent membranes (intermembrane utilization). to study intermembrane hydrolysis, the phospholipids of m. gallisepticum were labeled with [3h]oleic acid. membranes were pr ... | 1982 | 7107553 |
| early detection of tracheal damage in chickens by scanning electron microscopy. | fifteen-day-old chickens were inoculated with effective doses of cultured mycoplasma gallisepticum and treated with the antibiotic tiamulin or tylosin. scanning electron microscopy was used to detect early and late damages in the tracheal mucosa of the affected birds. edematous changes of various degrees were demonstrated as early as day 4 postinoculation. catarrhal changes were observed at day 10 postinoculation, and obstruction of the tracheal lumen by mucofibrinous plugs was observed at day 1 ... | 1982 | 7103901 |
| field evaluation of a microtitration complement-fixation test for diagnosis of mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens. | results of a direct microtitration complement-fixation (cf) test were compared with hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) test results in diagnosing mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) infection of chickens in the field. of 16 flocks negative for mg by the hi test, eight were cf-positive. of nine flocks that were hi-positive for mg, three were cf-negative. it was concluded that the cf test is not effective in diagnosing mg infection of chickens in the field. | 1982 | 7103897 |
| pathogenicity of two strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum in turkeys. | strains f and r of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) were compared for their pathogenicity in broad-breasted white turkey poults in terms of induction of airsacculitis, depression of growth rate, and induction of antibody production against mg. eye-drop inoculation with the f or r strain produced only minimal lesions. however, aerosol exposure with either mg strain resulted in a significantly higher incidence and severity of air-sac lesions (p less than 0.001), reduction of growth rate (p less than ... | 1982 | 7103892 |
| comparison of seven isolates of mycoplasma meleagridis. | a comparative study of seven isolates of mycoplasma meleagridis indicated that they were indistinguishable morphologically. two isolates, e2 and 8m92, induced hemagglutination of red blood cells of several different species while the others did not. metabolic inhibition, growth inhibition and growth precipitation tests revealed minor differences among the seven isolates. according to these differences, isolates were divided into three groups: antiserum-sensitive isolate 1466, less sensitive isol ... | 1982 | 7101720 |
| detection of inhibitors in chicken tracheal washings against mycoplasma gallisepticum. | a chicken tracheal ring tissue-culture system was used to demonstrate that specific and nonspecific substances in chicken tracheal secretions inhibit the cilia-stopping effect (cse) of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg). in chickens less than six weeks old, specific inhibitory substances were found in tracheal washings from chickens inoculated with mg. nonspecific inhibitory substances were found in tracheal washes from untreated chickens seven weeks or older. complement may play a role in the inhibi ... | 1982 | 7092736 |
| low levels of mycoplasma gallisepticum or m synoviae agglutination reactors. | 1982 | 7090150 | |
| isolation of mycoplasma membranes by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-induced lysis. | a simple procedure was devised to prepared membranes from mycoplasma gallisepticum cells. the cells were lysed in an isosmotic nacl solution by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, which blocks atpase activity and interferes with the regulation of cell volume. the procedure can be used to isolate membranes of other osmotically resistant mycoplasmas. | 1982 | 7061381 |
| possible association of segregated lipid domains of mycoplasma gallisepticum membranes with cell resistance to osmotic lysis. | freeze-fracturing of cholesterol-rich mycoplasma gallisepticum membranes from cells grown in a medium containing horse serum revealed particle-free patches. the patches appeared in cells quenched from either 4 or 37 degrees c. particle-free patches also occurred in membranes of cells grown in a serum-free medium supplemented with egg-phosphatidylcholine but not in membranes of cells grown with dioleoylphosphatidylcholine. the appearance of particle-free patches was attributed to the presence of ... | 1982 | 7054144 |
| viability of the f strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum after storage in the frozen or lyophilized state. | strain f of mycoplasma gallisepticum was stored frozen at -60 c or -20 c in liquid medium with or without cryoprotective agents or was lyophilized with or without stabilizers and stored at 4 c. the titer was determined before, during, and after the subsequent storage period. in cultures frozen at -60 c or lyophilized, the titer had not significantly declined by the end of 371 days of storage. at -20 c, the titer of frozen cultures declined rapidly, and no mycoplasma had survived 282 days of stor ... | 1982 | 7049151 |
| indirect immunoperoxidase technique for the assay of antibodies against mycoplasma gallisepticum and m. synoviae in chicken serum. | the indirect immunoperoxidase technique (iip) was applied to the assay of antibodies against mycoplasma gallisepticum and m. synoviae in chicken serum by using colonies grown on the agar plate as antigen. the sensitivity and the specificity of iip were evaluated by the use of sera from experimentally infected, filed, and spf chickens. as compared with tube agglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition tests, iip was highly effective and specific for detecting antibodies against m. gallisepticum ... | 1982 | 7043285 |
| long-term exposure of chickens to three levels of social stress. | cockerels were kept in environments characterized by high (hss), medium (mss), or low (lss) levels of social stress for 3 or 4 months. chickens raised in an environment of low light intensity (lss) gained more weight than did those raised under natural lighting. ability of chickens to produce antibody in response to antigen was greatly reduced, 2(15.4) in the lss group to 2(3.4) in the hss group, 1 day after chickens were moved from the lss environment into the hss environment. normal responsive ... | 1981 | 7020680 |
| a comparison of alternative methods to viable count for indicating growth of mycoplasma gallisepticum in liquid culture. | 1981 | 7019180 | |
| [clinical and pharmacological studies of technical tylosin phosphate from pharmachem in poultry diseases]. | investigations on the healing anbd prophylactic effectiveness of the technical tylosine phosphate "pharmachim" with 50 iu/mg activity (pharmazin t-50) in some bird diseases were carried out. it was established that a dose of 20 g/kg fodder pharmazin t-50 applied 2 days pre- and 3 days post chicken mycoplasma gallisepticum infection protects the chickens completely from respiratory mycoplasmosis. in order to attain a sure healing and prophylactic effect in hen spirohetosis control 10 g/kg fodder ... | 1980 | 6998102 |
| production and persistence of antibodies in chickens to sheep erythrocytes. 2. resistance to infectious diseases. | a line of chickens selected for ability to product high antibody titers to sheep red blood cells exhibited stronger antibody to newcastle disease, was more resistant to mycoplasma gallisepticum, eimeria necatrix, a splenomeglia virus, and feather mites and less resistant to escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus infection than a line selected for a lack of ability to produce antibody titers. a line of chickens selected for a nonpersistance of antibody titers to sheep red blood cells was rela ... | 1980 | 6997852 |
| [in vitro susceptibility of mycoplasma gallisepticum field strains to tiamulin and tylosin (author's transl)]. | 1980 | 6995088 | |
| disposition of exposed antigens on the faces of isolated mycoplasma gallisepticum membranes. | the transverse disposition of exposed protein antigens on the two faces of isolated mycoplasma gallisepticum membranes have been investigated by using indirect immunoferritin labeling to accomplish visualization of the antigens at the ultrastructural level. comparison between the labeling patterns obtained with unabsorbed specific mycoplasma antiserum and antiserum from which antibodies directed against outer side determinants had been removed revealed that the majority of protein antigens were ... | 1980 | 6991483 |
| experimental infection of ducks with mycoplasma gallisepticum. | specific-pathogen-free ducks 24 and 180 days old were inoculated intranasally with the s6 strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg). no significant gross lesions were found in trachea, lung or air sacs at 7 or 28 days postinfection (pi). mg was recovered from the infraorbital sinus and trachea but not from the air sacs 7 and 28 days pi. a few ducks responded serologically by developing agglutinating antibody. mg multiplied in embryonated duck eggs but to lower titers than in embryonated chicken eg ... | 1983 | 6870721 |
| laboratory infection of house sparrows (passer domesticus) with mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae. | house sparrows were infected by aerosol with mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) or m. synoviae (ms). mg was reisolated from 5 to 11 sparrows 10 days postinfection, but infection appeared to be temporary. mycoplasma-free chickens reared in the experimental house became infected with mg during the trial. ms was recovered from only one sparrow. serological tests were unsatisfactory for diagnosing infected birds. the results suggest that house sparrows may be temporary biological carriers of mg. | 1983 | 6847547 |
| characterization of antigens from mycoplasmas of animal origin. | alcholeplasma laidlawii, mycoplasma gallisepticum, m mycoides subsp mycoides, m agalactiae, m bovirhinis, mycoplasmal strain st-6, and culture medium were compared with m bovis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and gel electrophoresis-derived elisa. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated there were areas of homology and areas of heterology among the species tested. sera from rabbits hyperimmunized ... | 1983 | 6838038 |
| survey of the health and husbandry of small poultry flocks in great britain. | an investigation into the health and husbandry of 15 small poultry flocks was undertaken. each flock was visited in july and a questionnaire on management practices and disease history was completed. the flocks were clinically examined and serological tests for salmonella pullorum, mycoplasma gallisepticum, m synoviae, m meleagridis, newcastle disease, infectious bursal disease, infectious bronchitis, eggdrop syndrome 76, adenoviruses and reoviruses were carried out. oesophageal and cloacal swab ... | 1982 | 6814044 |
| attachment of mycoplasmas to host cell membranes. | pathogenic mycoplasmas rarely invade the tissues or bloodstream. their adherence to epithelial cell surface, the first stage in disease, involves protein binding sites on the mycoplasmal cell membrane and receptors on the host cell membrane. strong evidence indicates that mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma pneumoniae adhere with the aid of sialic acid residues on host cells, but the data do not preclude participation by other host-cell membrane components. several studies indicate that thes ... | 1982 | 6812202 |
| attachment of killed mycoplasma gallisepticum cells and membranes to erythrocytes. | to correlate viability with attachment capacity, mycoplasma gallisepticum cell harvested at different growth phases and treated by various agents were tested for their capacity to attach to human erythrocytes. the results show that viability per se is not essential for m. gallisepticum attachment to erythrocytes, as cells killed by ultraviolet irradiation anmd membranes isolated by lysing m. gallisepticum cells by various means retained attachment capacity. however, treatment of the mycoplasmas ... | 1981 | 6796518 |
| inactivation of mycoplasmas by long-chain alcohols. | in this report, we describe the inhibitory activity of long-chain alcohols on the growth of mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma pneumoniae. peak inhibition was recorded with saturated primary alcohols (64 microm) varying in chain length from 16 to 19 carbon atoms. the unsaturated alcohols (oleyl, linoleyl, and linolenyl) and the secondary alcohol (pentadecan-2-ol), when employed in the same test conditions, were considerably less effective growth inhibitors than the primary saturated alcohol ... | 1981 | 6794448 |
| scanning electron microscopy of mycoplasmas adhering to erythrocytes. | the interaction of mycoplasma pneumoniae and mycoplasma gallisepticum with human erythrocytes (rbc) was studied by scanning electron microscopy. the tight nature of the attachment of the microorganisms to the rbc was indicated by the indentation of the rbc surface at the site of attachment of m. gallisepticum cells and by traction and resulting distortion in the shape of the rbc at the point of its attachment to m. pneumoniae filaments growing on glass or plastic. in many cases attachment took p ... | 1980 | 6777306 |
| a novel method for the determination of electrical potentials across cellular membranes. ii. membrane potentials of acholeplasmas, mycoplasmas, streptococci and erythrocytes. | the membrane potentials of acholeplasma laidlawii, mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri, mycoplasma gallisepticum, streptococcus faecalis and human erythrocytes have been determined by applying a novel technique. the membrane potentials were calculated simply from potassium concentrations determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy, and gravimetry. the versatility of the new technique is demonstrated by comparing our results with data obtained by different techniques. | 1980 | 6773575 |
| detection of mixed mycoplasma species. | immunofluorescence can be used to demonstrate mixed species within a mycoplasma culture; however, it may fail to do so if one species is present in very low numbers. to enhance the detection of minor components in such mixtures, a technique was developed, based on the growth inhibition test, whereby the growth of the major component in a mixed culture was inhibited, thus permitting the minor component to emerge. the method was applied to 67 field isolates from chickens and turkeys, which had bee ... | 1982 | 6749893 |
| mycoplasma challenge studies in budgerigars (melopsittacus undulatus) and chickens. | an upper respiratory condition that resulted in 20% mortality in a flock of yellow-naped amazon parrots was apparently caused by a concomitant infection of mycoplasmas and bacteria. mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg), m. iowae, and an unidentified mycoplasma were isolated from the affected parrots. budgerigars were experimentally infected with a parrot strain of mg designated mg(p) 1669 as well as with the r strain of mg and the f10-2 strain of m. synoviae (ms). air-sac lesions were evident in all gr ... | 1984 | 6743176 |
| mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccination: effects on egg transmission and egg production. | the effects of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) vaccination on egg transmission of mg and egg production were evaluated. leghorn hens vaccinated with live mg (strain f), with strain f plus mg bacterin, with one dose of mg bacterin, or with two doses of mg bacterin all transmitted mg through the egg at a significantly lower level than unvaccinated controls. hens vaccinated with two doses of mg bacterin had the longest lag before detectable transmission of mg through the egg. all vaccinated groups we ... | 1984 | 6743175 |
| evaluation of attenuated strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum as vaccines in young chickens. | five trials were conducted to evaluate the virulence and the vaccination efficacy of the f, r, s6, and a5969 strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) at different in vitro passage levels. vaccination was done by eye-drop or aerosol, and efficacy was evaluated in terms of air-sac lesions after aerosol challenge with the r strain of mg. continuing medium passage of these strains of mg resulted in gradual attenuation. aerosol vaccination with highly attenuated mg at 21 days of age was more effectiv ... | 1984 | 6721807 |
| transferred humoral immunity in chickens to mycoplasma gallisepticum. | progeny chicks of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg)-infected and mg-free white leghorns were used to evaluate the protective effects of maternal antibodies against aerosol challenge with the virulent r strain of mg at 3, 7, or 14 days of age. interference by maternal antibodies with day-1 vaccination with the f strain of mg was also studied. in another trial, 8, 4, or 2 ml of high- or low-titered antiserum was given to 20-day-old commercial white leghorn chicks. protection was measured in terms of a ... | 1984 | 6721806 |
| evaluation of the microagglutination test in the diagnosis of mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens. | the sensitivity and specificity of the microagglutination (ma), serum-plate-agglutination (sp), and hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) test for mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) were compared in groups of chickens infected with mg, m. synoviae, or pasteurella multocida or inoculated with bacterins prepared from staphylococcus aureus or erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. of the three tests evaluated, the hi test had the highest specificity, but it was the least sensitive. both the ma and sp tests were more ... | 1984 | 6721803 |
| correlation of titer, preservation method, and storage of mycoplasma gallisepticum f strain and the immune response in chickens. | the f strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) was used either fresh or after lyophilization or freezing at -60 c to vaccinate young leghorn chickens. vaccine stored either frozen or lyophilized for 22 months was also used. each vaccine preparation was given at dosages ranging from 10(5) to 10(9) colony-forming units/ml. all dosage levels of mg significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced air-sac lesion scores after aerosol challenge with the r strain of mg at 6 weeks postvaccination, regardless of t ... | 1984 | 6721801 |
| evaluation of inactivated mycoplasma gallisepticum oil-emulsion bacterins for protection against airsacculitis in broilers. | broiler chicks were vaccinated subcutaneously in the neck at various ages with a single 0.5-ml dose of beta-propiolactone-inactivated mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) oil-emulsion bacterin. four weeks later, vaccinated and control chicks were placed in cold environmental cabinets, infected with infectious bronchitis virus intratracheally, and 2 days later challenged by aerosol exposure to live mg broth culture. all chicks were killed 21 days later and scored postmortem for the rate and severity of ... | 1984 | 6721795 |
| distribution and movement of sterols with different side chain structures between the two leaflets of the membrane bilayer of mycoplasma cells. | mycoplasma gallisepticum was adapted to grow with delta 5-sterols modified in the aliphatic side chain, and stopped-flow kinetic measurements of filipin association were made to estimate the sterol distribution between the two leaflets of the membrane. cholesterol derivatives with unsaturated side chains (desmosterol, cis- and trans-22-dehydrocholesterol, and cholesta-5,22e,24-trien-3 beta-ol) or an alkyl substituent (beta-sitosterol) were predominantly (86-94%) localized in the outer leaflet of ... | 1984 | 6706946 |
| kinetics of cholesterol and phospholipid exchange between mycoplasma gallisepticum cells and lipid vesicles. alterations in membrane cholesterol and protein content. | the kinetics of exchange of radiolabeled cholesterol and phospholipids between intact mycoplasma gallisepticum cells and unilamellar lipid vesicles were investigated over a wide range of cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio. the change in cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio was achieved by adapting the sterol-requiring m. gallisepticum to grow in cholesterol-poor media, providing cells with decreased unesterified cholesterol content. at least 90% of the cholesterol molecules in unsealed m. gall ... | 1984 | 6706945 |