Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| in vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial effects of different intracanal medications in necrotic immature teeth. | this was to assess the antimicrobial effectiveness of pastes used as intracanal medicaments against enterococcus faecalis in necrotic immature teeth. | 2016 | 27412439 |
| evaluation of coronal microleakage of mineral trioxide aggregate plug-in teeth with short roots prepared for post placement using bacterial penetration technique. | two of the problems of the placement of posts in teeth with short roots are to determine the minimum length of the canal obturation material at the apical third of the root canal and removal of all the canal obturation material from the root canal during post space preparation. | 2016 | 27411659 |
| transcriptome profiling of tdc cluster deletion mutant of enterococcus faecalis v583. | the species enterococcus faecalis is able to catabolise the amino acid tyrosine into the biogenic amine tyramine by the tyrosine decarboxilase (tdc) pathway ladero et al. (2012) [1]. the tdc cluster comprises four genes: tyrs, an aminoacyl-trna synthetase-like gene; tdca, which encodes the tyrosine decarboxylase; tyrp, a tyrosine/tyramine exchanger gene and nhac-2, which encodes an na(+)/h(+) antiporter and whose role in the tyramine biosynthesis remains unknown [2]. in e. faecalis v583 the last ... | 2016 | 27408815 |
| in vitro comparison of antibacterial properties of bioceramic-based sealer, resin-based sealer and zinc oxide eugenol based sealer and two mineral trioxide aggregates. | our goal of the study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of endodontic sealers against the e. faecalis. | 2017 | 27403055 |
| comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of three herbal irrigants in reducing intracanal e. faecalis populations: an in vitro study. | the present study aimed to evaluate the intracanal bacterial reduction promoted by chemomechanical preparation using three different herbal extracts named ocimum sanctum (os), cinnamomum zeylanicum (cz), syzygium aromaticum (sa) against enterococcus faecalis. | 2016 | 27398170 |
| activity of the lichen usnea steineri and its major metabolites against gram-positive, multidrug-resistant bacteria. | the antimicrobial activity and possible synergistic effects of extracts and compounds isolated from usnea steineri were evaluated against four resistant bacterial species. a phytochemical study of the acetone extract of u. steineri resulted in the isolation and characterization of difractaic acid and (+)-usnic acid as the main compounds. the acetone extract showed strong activity (less than 10 µg/ml) against resistant strains of staphylococcus epidermidis and enterococcus faecalis, and (+)-usnic ... | 2016 | 27396202 |
| rose bengal uptake by e. faecalis and f. nucleatum and light-mediated antibacterial activity measured by flow cytometry. | antibacterial photodynamic therapy (apdt) using rose bengal (rb) and blue-light kills bacteria through the production of reactive oxygen derivates. however, the interaction mechanism of rb with bacterial cells remains unclear. this study investigated the uptake efficiency and the antibacterial activity of blue light-activated rb against enterococcus faecalis and fusobacterium nucleatum. spectrophotometry and epifluorescence microscopy were used to evaluate binding of rb to bacteria. the antibact ... | 2016 | 27394008 |
| bacteraemia during transurethral resection of the prostate: what are the risk factors and is it more common than we think? | the aim of this work was to investigate the microbial causes, incidence, duration, risk factors and clinical implications of bacteraemia occurring during transurethral resection of the prostate (turp) surgery to better inform prophylaxis strategies. an ethically approved, prospective, cohort study of patients undergoing turp was conducted. clinical information and follow-up details were collected using standardized data collection sheets. blood was obtained for culture at 6 different time points ... | 2016 | 27391962 |
| assessment of free fatty acids and cholesteryl esters delivered in liposomes as novel class of antibiotic. | healthcare associated infections (hai) with multidrug-resistant (mdr) bacteria continue to be a global threat, highlighting an urgent need for novel antibiotics. in this study, we assessed the potential of free fatty acids and cholesteryl esters that form part of the innate host defense as novel antibacterial agents for use against mdr bacteria. | 2016 | 27391402 |
| the impact of hospital and urban wastewaters on the bacteriological contamination of the water resources in kinshasa, democratic republic of congo. | although the united nations general assembly recognized in 2010 the right to safe and clean drinking water and sanitation as a human right that is essential to the full enjoyment of life and all other human rights, the contamination of water supplies with faecal pathogens is still a major and unsolved problem in many parts of the world. in this study, faecal indicator bacteria (fib), including escherichia coli (e. coli) and enterococcus (ent), were quantified over the period of june/july 2014 an ... | 2016 | 27389829 |
| probiotic activity of enterococcus faecalis cect7121: effects on mucosal immunity and intestinal epithelial cells. | to analyse the effect of enterococcus faecalis cect7121 on intestinal epithelial cells (iecs) and its effects on the mucosal immune response. | 2016 | 27389465 |
| the ctsr regulator controls the expression of clpc, clpe and clpp and is required for the virulence of enterococcus faecalis in an invertebrate model. | the intrinsic ruggedness of enterococcus faecalis is responsible for its widespread distribution in nature and is often viewed as an important virulence determinant. previously, we showed that the clpb atpase is negatively regulated by ctsr and is required for thermotolerance and virulence in a galleria mellonella invertebrate model. here, we used in silico, northern blot and quantitative real-time pcr analyses to identify additional members of the ctsr regulon, namely the clpp peptidase and the ... | 2016 | 27388279 |
| evaluation of the antibacterial efficacy of azadirachta indica, commiphora myrrha, glycyrrhiza glabra against enterococcus faecalis using real time pcr. | to compare the antibacterial efficacy of azadirachta indica (neem), commiphora myrrha (myrrh), glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice) with 2% chlorhexidine (chx) against e. faecalis by using real time pcr. | 2016 | 27386000 |
| rapid assessment of resistance to antibiotic inhibitors of protein synthesis in the gram-positive pathogens, enterococcus faecalis and streptococcus pneumoniae, based on evaluation of the lytic response. | a novel assay for rapid determination of resistance to antibiotic inhibitors of protein synthesis was developed for the gram-positive pathogens, enterococcus faecalis and streptococcus pneumoniae. to this purpose, a lytic response was obtained by a brief incubation with lysozyme or a mixture of lysozyme, triton x-100, and edta for e. faecalis (n = 82) and s. pneumoniae (n = 51), respectively. lysis was quantified by visualizing the released nucleoids. antibiotic-susceptible bacteria treated with ... | 2017 | 27383851 |
| comparative evaluation of antimicrobial effect of herbal root canal irrigants (morinda citrifolia, azadirachta indica, aloe vera) with sodium hypochlorite: an in vitro study. | successful root canal treatment involves the complete elimination of microorganism from the root canal and the three-dimensional obturation of the canal space. enterococcus faecalis is the most commonly found bacteria in failed root canal. chemical irrigation of canals along with biomechanical preparation helps in the elimination of microorganisms. the present study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of herbal root canal irrigants (morinda citrifolia, azadirachta indica extract, aloe ... | 2017 | 27382533 |
| the heterodimeric abc transporter efrcd mediates multidrug efflux in enterococcus faecalis. | nosocomial infections with enterococcus faecalis are an emerging health problem. however, drug efflux pumps contributing to intrinsic drug resistance are poorly studied in this gram-positive pathogen. in this study, we functionally investigated seven heterodimeric abc transporters of e. faecalis that are annotated as drug efflux pumps. deletion of ef0789-ef0790 on the chromosome of e. faecalis resulted in increased susceptibility to daunorubicin, doxorubicin, ethidium, and hoechst 33342, and the ... | 2016 | 27381387 |
| inhibition of enterococcus faecalis by calcium peroxide. | to investigate the inhibition of enterococcus faecalis by calcium peroxide (cao₂). | 2016 | 27379349 |
| photodynamic inactivation of root canal bacteria by light activation through human dental hard and simulated surrounding tissue. | photodynamic inactivation of bacteria (pib) may be a supportive antimicrobial approach for use in endodontics, but sufficient activation of photosensitizers (ps) in root canals is a critical point. therefore, aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of ps absorbing blue (tmpyp) or red light (methylene blue; mb) for light activation through human dental hard and simulated surrounding tissue to inactivate root canal bacteria. | 2016 | 27379059 |
| the effect of the final irrigant on the antimicrobial activity of root canal sealers. | root canal irrigation is an essential step in root canal therapy as it enables the elimination of microorganisms. the final irrigant may affect the properties of the root canal sealer used during obturation particularly with tricalcium silicate-based sealers, which interact with dentine. the aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of tricalcium silicate-containing sealers in contact with different irrigants. furthermore the sealer surface in contact with the irrigant was chara ... | 2016 | 27377571 |
| microbial ecosystem analysis in root canal infections refractory to endodontic treatment. | the purpose of this study was to combine multiple displacement amplification and checkerboard dna-dna hybridization to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the microbiota present in infections refractory to endodontic treatment. | 2016 | 27377440 |
| [chronic bacterial prostatitis. clinical and microbiological study of 332 cases]. | chronic bacterial prostatitis (cbp) is characterized by long-lasting symptoms, frequently associated with psychosomatic disorders. the objective of the study was to study pcb in our environment clinically and microbiologically. | 2016 | 27377215 |
| a large factory-scale application of selected autochthonous lactic acid bacteria for pdo pecorino siciliano cheese production. | the main hypothesis of this study was that the autochthonous lactic acid bacteria (lab) selected for their dairy traits are able to stabilize the production of pdo (protected denomination of origin) pecorino siciliano cheese, preserving its typicality. the experimental plan included the application of a multi-strain lactic acid bacteria (lab) culture, composed of starter (lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis cag4 and cag37) and non starter (enterococcus faecalis psl71, lactococcus garviae psl67 and ... | 2016 | 27375245 |
| a case of infective endocarditis and pyogenic spondylitis after transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. | we report a patient with infective endocarditis and pyrogenic spondylitis occurring simultaneously. the patient was a 59-year-old man. he was suspected of having prostate cancer due to a high prostate-specific antigen concentration noted in a checkup. he then underwent a transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy with cefotiam as antimicrobial prophylaxis. he had a fever higher than 38 °c and lumbar pain for a few days after the biopsy. enterococcus faecalis was isolated from 2 sets of blood ... | 2016 | 27374863 |
| [clinical analysis of 67 cases of surgical site infection after spine surgery]. | to investigate the treatment of surgical site infection(ssi) after spine surgery. | 2016 | 27373479 |
| disinfection efficacy of current regenerative endodontic protocols in simulated necrotic immature permanent teeth. | the lack of mechanical debridement and reduced concentrations suggested for chemical debridement to maintain stem cell viability call into question the disinfection efficacy of current regenerative protocols. current protocols vary in the concentration and type of antibiotic medicaments used. the aim of this study was to determine if simulated immature teeth infected with enterococcus faecalis can be completely disinfected by following current standardized regenerative protocols and to evaluate ... | 2016 | 27372159 |
| pitfalls in the identification of enterococcus species and the detection of vana and vanb genes. | the aims were to assess the performance of vitek 2 in identifying enterococcal species and the implementation of genexpert(®) vana/vanb pcr for the detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre). gram-positive cocci from clinical and environmental specimens (n = 431) suspicious of being enterococci by conventional methods were evaluated by vitek 2. this system identified 296 enterococcus faecium, 87 enterococcus faecalis, 10 enterococcus villorum, 9 enterococcus gallinarum, 9 enterococcus d ... | 2016 | 27367648 |
| fosfomycin: a first-line oral therapy for acute uncomplicated cystitis. | fosfomycin is a new agent to canada approved for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis (auc) in adult women infected with susceptible isolates of e. coli and enterococcus faecalis. we reviewed the literature regarding the use of oral fosfomycin for the treatment of auc. all english-language references from 1975 to october 2015 were reviewed. in canada, fosfomycin tromethamine is manufactured as monurol® and is available as a 3-gram single dose sachet. fosfomycin has a unique chemical str ... | 2016 | 27366158 |
| antimicrobial resistance of escherichia coli, enterococci, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococcus aureus from raw fish and seafood imported into switzerland. | a total of 44 samples of salmon, pangasius (shark catfish), shrimps, and oysters were tested for the presence of escherichia coli, enterococci, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococcus aureus, which are indicator organisms commonly used in programs to monitor antibiotic resistance. the isolated bacterial strains, confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy, were tested against a panel of 29 antimicrobial agents to obtain mics. across the four sampl ... | 2016 | 27357045 |
| effect of nanosilver gel, chlorhexidine gluconate, and camphorated phenol on enterococcus faecalis biofilm. | aim. to assess the effectiveness of nanosilver gel (nsg) in comparison to chlorhexidine gluconate (chx) and camphorated phenol (cp) against enterococcus faecalis (e.f) biofilm. methods and materials. two tests were done, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (mtt) assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy (clsm) analysis, to determine the effectiveness of nsg, chx, and cp on e.f biofilm. polystyrene microtiter 96- and 6-well plates were used for mtt and clsm, respectively. nanosilver gel was in three ... | 2014 | 27355067 |
| partial diversity generates effector immunity specificity of the bac41-like bacteriocins of enterococcus faecalis clinical strains. | bacteriocin 41 (bac41) is the plasmid-encoded bacteriocin produced by the opportunistic pathogen enterococcus faecalis its genetic determinant consists of bacl1 (effector), bacl2 (regulator), baca (effector), and baci (immunity). the secreted effectors bacl1 and baca coordinate to induce the lytic cell death of e. faecalis meanwhile, the immunity factor baci provides self-resistance to the bac41 producer, e. faecalis, against the action of bacl1 and baca. in this study, we demonstrated that more ... | 2016 | 27353651 |
| activities of tedizolid and linezolid determined by the reference broth microdilution method against 3,032 gram-positive bacterial isolates collected in asia-pacific, eastern europe, and latin american countries in 2014. | tedizolid and linezolid in vitro activities against 3,032 gram-positive pathogens collected in asia-pacific, eastern european, and latin american medical centers during 2014 were assessed. the isolates were tested for susceptibility by the current reference broth microdilution methods. due to concern over the effect of mic endpoint criteria on the results of testing the oxazolidinones tedizolid and linezolid, mic endpoint values were read by two methods: (i) reading the mic at the first well whe ... | 2016 | 27353270 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of lipophilic teicoplanin pseudoaglycon derivatives containing a substituted triazole function. | a series of lipophilic teicoplanin pseudoaglycon derivatives, including alkyl-, aryl-, calixarene- and protected sugar-containing conjugates, were prepared using azide-alkyne click chemistry. out of the conditions applied, the cuso4-ascorbate reagent system proved to be more efficient than the cu(i)i-et3n-mediated reaction. some of the new compounds have high in vitro activity against glycopeptide-resistant gram-positive bacteria, including vana-positive enterococcus faecalis. a few of them also ... | 2017 | 27353163 |
| poultry blood from slaughterhouses: development of a biopreservation system to improve microbiological quality prior to transforming blood into by-products. | the aim of this study was to investigate the use of indigenous lactic acid bacteria (lab) with specific additives as a biopreservation system (bs) for poultry blood during its storage in slaughterhouses. the bs consisted of two lab (enterococcus faecalis dspv 008sa or lactobacillus salivarius dspv 032sa) with 4 additives (lactose 2 g/l, yeast extract 0.4 g/l, ammonium citrate 0.4 g/l and nacl 1 g/l). after 24 h storage at 30ºc, lower counts of enterobacteria, coliforms, pseudomonas spp. and stap ... | 2016 | 27352105 |
| characteristics of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus strains in the west balkans: a first report. | vancomycin-resistant enterococci are among the major causes of nosocomial infections and represent a growing problem in many european countries. among the most common enterococcal isolates, enterococcus faecium is considered to be the reservoir of vana and vanb-mediated resistance to glycopeptides. enterococci with vana-mediated resistance can transfer resistance genes to other enterococci and gram-positive bacteria. hence, monitoring and surveillance of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vres) a ... | 2017 | 27351410 |
| multi-drug-resistant enterococcus faecalis among egyptian patients with urinary tract infection. | the prevalence of enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis) infections among egyptians with urinary tract infection (uti), their antimicrobial susceptibility and mechanisms of resistance are under investigated. in this study, 300 urine samples were collected from uti patients to identify e. faecalis. antimicrobial susceptibility to 18 antimicrobial agents was tested. the presence of aac(6)-ie-aph(2)ia, erm(b) and mef(a/e) genes was examined by pcr. fifty-seven (19%) isolates were identified as e. faec ... | 2017 | 27351108 |
| identification of bacterial species by untargeted nmr spectroscopy of the exo-metabolome. | identification of bacterial species is a crucial bottleneck for clinical diagnosis of infectious diseases. quick and reliable identification is a key factor to provide suitable antibiotherapies and avoid the development of multiple-drug resistance. we propose a novel nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr)-based metabolomics strategy for rapid discrimination and identification of several bacterial species that relies on untargeted metabolic profiling of supernatants from bacterial culture media. we sho ... | 2016 | 27349704 |
| chemical profile, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of achillea moschata wulfen, an endemic species from the alps. | aerial parts of achillea moschata wulfen (asteraceae) growing wild in the italian rhaetian alps were investigated to describe, for the first time, their phenolic content, as well as to characterize the essential oil. inspection of the metabolic profile combining hplc-dad and esi-ms/ms data showed that the methanol extract contained glycosylated flavonoids with luteolin and apigenin as the main aglycones. among them, the major compound was 7-o-glucosyl apigenin. caffeoyl derivates were other phen ... | 2016 | 27347915 |
| a new buildup biofilm model that mimics accumulation of material in flexible endoscope channels. | the objective of this study was to develop a new build up biofilm (bbf) model that was based on repeated exposure to test soil containing enterococcus faecalis and pseudomonas aeruginosa and repeated rounds of fixation to mimic the accumulation of patient material in endoscope channels during reprocessing. the new bbf model is a novel adaptation of the minimum biofilm effective concentration (mbec) 96-well model where biofilm is formed on plastic pegs. the new mbec-bbf model was developed over e ... | 2016 | 27345713 |
| antimicrobial activity against a global collection of skin and skin structure pathogens: results from the tigecycline evaluation and surveillance trial (t.e.s.t.), 2010-2014. | as part of the tigecycline evaluation and surveillance trial (t.e.s.t.) we report antimicrobial resistance among gram-positive and gram-negative isolates collected globally from integumentary sources between 2010 and 2014. | 2016 | 27343986 |
| residual antibiofilm effects of various concentrations of double antibiotic paste used during regenerative endodontics after different application times. | we investigated the residual antibiofilm effects of different concentrations of double antibiotic paste (dap) applied on radicular dentin for 1 or 4 weeks. | 2016 | 27341460 |
| eggshells as a source for occupational exposure to airborne bacteria in hatcheries. | occupational exposure to high concentrations of airborne bacteria in poultry production is related to an increased risk of respiratory disorders. however, potential sources and formation of hatchery bioaerosols are rarely characterized. in this study, bacterial multiplication on fresh shell fragments from turkey hatching eggs under conditions present in a hatcher incubator was investigated. a 10(5)-fold amplification was observed both by colony count and total cell count gaining 4 × 10(7) cfu/ce ... | 2016 | 27341051 |
| silver nanoparticles: biosynthesis using an atcc reference strain of pseudomonas aeruginosa and activity as broad spectrum clinical antibacterial agents. | currently, the biosynthesis of silver-based nanomaterials attracts enormous attention owing to the documented antimicrobial properties of these ones. this study reports the extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (ag-nps) using a pseudomonas aeruginosa strain from a reference culture collection. a greenish culture supernatant of p. aeruginosa incubated at 37°c with a silver nitrate solution for 24 h changed to a yellowish brown color, indicating the formation of ag-nps, which was conf ... | 2016 | 27340405 |
| draft genome sequence for a clinical isolate of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis. | we report here the draft genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant enterococcus faecalis strain, isolated from a patient at the university of colorado hospital. the genome assembly is 3,040,186 bp in length with 37.6% gc content. this isolate encodes eleven resistance genes, including those for glycopeptide, aminoglycoside, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin, and tetracycline resistance. | 2016 | 27340066 |
| can antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (apdt) enhance the endodontic treatment? | in order to achieve a long-lasting effect, one of the main goals in root canal treatment is to eliminate the endodontic bacteria. conventional chemomechanical debridement is considered as the basic treatment in root canal therapy, but adjunctive techniques such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (apdt) can also be helpful. the aim of this study was to evaluate reports in the scientific literature that used different photosensitizers (pss) for bacterial reduction. the literature search was con ... | 2016 | 27330702 |
| an evolved oxazolidinone with selective potency against mycobacterium tuberculosis and gram positive bacteria. | innovation of new antibacterials that are effective against strains that have developed resistance to existing drugs would strengthen our ability to treat and subsequently control spread of pathogenic bacteria. increasing incidence of infections with drug resistant bacteria has become a common occurrence in recent times. we have developed an evolved oxazolidinone, t145, which inhibits growth of enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus and mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) with sub μg/ml poten ... | 2016 | 27329794 |
| sub-lethal doses of photodynamic therapy affect biofilm formation ability and metabolic activity of enterococcus faecalis. | during photodynamic therapy (pdt) in the treatment of a primary endodontic infection, it is extremely likely that microorganisms would be exposed to sub-lethal doses of pdt (spdt). although spdt cannot kill microorganisms, it can considerably influence microbial virulence. this study was conducted to characterize the effect of spdt using toluidine blue o (tbo), methylene blue (mb), and indocyanine green (icg) on biofilm formation ability and metabolic activity of enterococcus faecalis. | 2016 | 27328452 |
| enzymatic synthesis using immobilized enterococcus faecalis esawy dextransucrase and some applied studies. | dextrans enzymatic synthesis by immobilized enterococcus faecalis esawy dextransucrase was studied. different parameters, such as: enzyme protein concentration (epc), substrate concentration (sc), temperature and reaction time were evaluated. epc played a fundamental role in controlling dextran molecular size with 0.1% dextran in reaction mixture. dextran 38,397 and 125,471da were yielded at epc 4.78 and 5.78mg, respectively. proper dextrans (73,378 and 117,521da) demanded in pharmaceutical appl ... | 2016 | 27327909 |
| enterococcus faecalis lipoteichoic acid-induced nlrp3 inflammasome via the activation of the nuclear factor kappa b pathway. | we wished to examine the effects of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (nlrp3) inflammasome on periapical periodontitis induced by enterococcus faecalis and to investigate the molecular mechanisms of lipoteichoic acid (lta) derived from e. faecalis on the expression of the nlrp3 inflammasome. | 2016 | 27325457 |
| study of antibacterial mechanism of graphene oxide using raman spectroscopy. | graphene oxide (go) is extensively proposed as an effective antibacterial agent in commercial product packaging and for various biomedical applications. however, the antibacterial mode of action of go is yet hypothetical and unclear. here we developed a new and sensitive fingerprint approach to study the antibacterial activity of go and underlying mechanism, using raman spectroscopy. spectroscopic signatures obtained from biomolecules such as adenine and proteins from bacterial cultures with dif ... | 2016 | 27324288 |
| evaluation of the susceptibility of multispecies biofilms in dentinal tubules to disinfecting solutions. | the present study evaluated the effect of the source of biofilm bacteria on their susceptibility in dentinal tubules to disinfecting solutions using an infected dentin model. | 2016 | 27318625 |
| the starvation resistance and biofilm formation of enterococcus faecalis in coexistence with candida albicans, streptococcus gordonii, actinomyces viscosus, or lactobacillus acidophilus. | enterococcus faecalis is the most frequently detected species in root canal-treated teeth, and it is able to survive under starvation conditions. however, persistent periapical disease is often caused by multispecies. the aim of this study was to explore the survival of e. faecalis in starvation conditions and biofilm formation with the 4 common pathogenic species. | 2016 | 27316318 |
| vertebral osteomyelitis associated with single and mixed bacterial infection in broilers. | vertebral osteomyelitis (vo) is a worldwide emerging disease that affects broilers. the objective of this study was to determine the frequency and aetiology of vo in broilers in a highly productive broiler region. for this, 608 broilers with locomotory problems were analysed from 18 farms. clinical signs were recorded, necropsy was performed and samples were collected from vertebral bodies with gross changes for molecular and histopathological analysis and for bacterial isolation. from broilers ... | 2016 | 27315453 |
| comparison of two chromogenic media for the detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal carriage by nursing home residents. | we compared chromid vre and brilliance vre media for the detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre). using a panel of 28 enterococcal isolates, 10 vana enterococcus faecium and three vana enterococcus faecalis isolates grew as per manufacturers' instructions whilst growth of two vanc and eight vancomycin-susceptible enterococci was inhibited on both media. important differences were noted in the selectivity and chromogenic properties of the two media for vana enterococcus raffinosus and ... | 2016 | 27312688 |
| evaluation of the in vitro growth of urinary tract infection-causing gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria in a proposed synthetic human urine (shu) medium. | bacteriuria is a hallmark of urinary tract infection (uti) and asymptomatic bacteriuria (abu), which are among the most frequent infections in humans. a variety of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria are associated with these infections but escherichia coli contributes up to 80% of cases. multiple bacterial species including e. coli can grow in human urine as a means to maintain colonization during infections. in vitro bacteriuria studies aimed at modeling microbial growth in urine have uti ... | 2016 | 27312379 |
| ex situ study of enterococcus faecalis survival in the recreational waters of the southern coast of the caspian sea. | the us environmental protection agency has suggested faecal enterococci as the primary bacterial indicators. of more importance is their direct correlation with swimmer-associated gastroenteritis in recreation water quality monitoring. in contrast to other seawater bodies with 3.5% salinity, the recreational waters in the southern coast of the caspian sea possess its own salinity (about 1% w/v) and thus require further investigations to determine the capacity of enterococcus faecalis as the sole ... | 2016 | 27307975 |
| risk factors of endocarditis in patients with enterococcus faecalis bacteremia: external validation of the nova score. | the nova score is a recently developed diagnostic tool used to identify patients with increased risk of infective endocarditis (ie) among patients with enterococcus faecalis bacteremia. we aimed to validate the nova score and to identify risk factors for ie. | 2016 | 27307506 |
| to defend or not to defend: that's the question. | enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen and is one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections. e. faecalis harbors a number of antibiotic resistance genes, and most of these are present on mobile genetic elements (mges) that can be disseminated within the species, as well as to other members of the human microflora. in an article by price and colleagues [v. j. price et al., msphere 1(3):e00064-16, 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00064-16], the authors demonstrated how e. f ... | 2017 | 27306929 |
| antimicrobial activity of new 2-thioxo-benzo[g]quinazolin-4(3h)-one derivatives. | the antimicrobial activity of a synthesized series of 28 2-thioxo-benzo[g]quinazolin-4(3h)-one derivatives was evaluated in vitro against five gram-positive bacteria, including bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis and streptococcus pyogenes. the antibacterial activity was extended to include five gram-negative bacteria: pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, klebsiella oxytoca and enterobacter cloacae. furthermore, the ... | 2016 | 27306606 |
| crispr-cas and restriction-modification act additively against conjugative antibiotic resistance plasmid transfer in enterococcus faecalis. | enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen and a leading cause of nosocomial infections. conjugative pheromone-responsive plasmids are narrow-host-range mobile genetic elements (mges) that are rapid disseminators of antibiotic resistance in the faecalis species. clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (crispr)-cas and restriction-modification confer acquired and innate immunity, respectively, against mge acquisition in bacteria. most multidrug-resistant e. faecalis isola ... | 2017 | 27303749 |
| anti-mrsa activities of enterocins dd28 and dd93 and evidences on their role in the inhibition of biofilm formation. | methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) has become a worrisome superbug. this work aimed at studying the effects of two class iib bacteriocins, enterocins dd28 and dd93 as anti-mrsa agents. thus, these bacteriocins were purified, from the cultures supernatants of enterococcus faecalis 28 and 93, using a simplified purification procedure consisting in a cation exchange chromatography and a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. the anti-staphylococcal activity was shown ... | 2016 | 27303396 |
| global emergence and dissemination of enterococci as nosocomial pathogens: attack of the clones? | enterococci are gram-positive bacteria that are found in plants, soil and as commensals of the gastrointestinal tract of humans, mammals, and insects. despite their commensal nature, they have also become globally important nosocomial pathogens. within the genus enterococcus, enterococcus faecium, and enterococcus faecalis are clinically most relevant. in this review, we will discuss how e. faecium and e. faecalis have evolved to become a globally disseminated nosocomial pathogen. e. faecium has ... | 2016 | 27303380 |
| postoperative infectious complications in patients undergoing holmium laser enucleation of the prostate: risk factors and microbiological analysis. | to examine the incidence of postoperative bacteriuria and febrile complications, and to investigate bacterial strains in the urine of patients undergoing holmium laser enucleation of the prostate. | 2016 | 27302684 |
| novel benzimidazol-2-ylidene carbene precursors and their silver(i) complexes: potential antimicrobial agents. | novel benzimidazolium salts were synthesized as n-heterocyclic carbene (nhc) precursors, these nhc precursors were metallated with ag2o in dichloromethane at room temperature to give novel silver(i)-nhc complexes. structures of these benzimidazolium salts and silver(i)-nhc complexes were characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr, ir and lc-ms spectroscopic techniques. a series of benzimidazolium salts and silver(i)-nhc complexes were tested against standard bacterial ... | 2016 | 27301680 |
| molecular analysis of vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolated from regional hospitals in trinidad and tobago. | geographic spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) clones in cities, countries, or even continents has been identified by molecular techniques. this study aimed at characterizing virulent genes and determining genetic relatedness of 45 vre isolates from trinidad and tobago using molecular tools, including polymerase chain reaction, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), and random amplification polymorphic dna (rapd). the majority (84%) of the isolates were enterococcus faecium posses ... | 2016 | 27299153 |
| the antimicrobial efficacy and dna binding activity of the copper(ii) complexes of 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline and 1,2-diaminocyclohexane. | four copper(ii) complexes of the general structure [cu(l1)(l2)](2+), where l1 is (1s,2s)-diaminocyclohexane or (1r,2r)-diaminocyclohexane and l2 is 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (tmp) or 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (dip), have been investigated in this study for their antimicrobial activity, short-term antimicrobial efficacy, and in vitro dna-binding affinity. against an expanded panel of bacterial and fungal strains in 12 species, minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) for these ... | 2016 | 27293146 |
| tigecycline antimicrobial activity tested against clinical bacteria from latin american medical centres: results from sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (2011-2014). | bacterial organisms (n = 13,494) were consecutively collected in 2011-2014 from 21 latin american medical centres (11 nations). antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by broth microdilution at a central laboratory. tigecycline was very active against gram-positive organisms, with mic50/90 values of 0.06/0.06 µg/ml for staphylococcus aureus (n = 2878), 0.06/0.12 µg/ml for coagulase-negative staphylococci (n = 880), 0.06/0.06 µg/ml for enterococci (n = 708) and ≤0.03/≤0.03-0.06 µg/ml for stre ... | 2016 | 27291285 |
| lactic acid microbiota identification in water, raw milk, endogenous starter culture, and fresh minas artisanal cheese from the campo das vertentes region of brazil during the dry and rainy seasons. | minas artisanal cheese, produced in the campo das vertentes region of brazil, is made from raw milk and endogenous starter cultures. although this cheese is of great historical and socioeconomic importance, little information is available about its microbiological and physical-chemical qualities, or about its beneficial microbiota. this work was aimed at evaluating the qualities of the cheese and the components used for its production, comparing samples collected during the dry and rainy seasons ... | 2016 | 27289151 |
| fishing for gutta-percha-adhered biofilms in purulent post-treatment apical periodontitis. | this study investigated the possibility of depicting individual taxa in clinically relevant biofilms using fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish). gutta-percha samples were collected from the apical aspect of root canals associated with a chronic apical abscess (test samples, n = 8). corresponding control samples were obtained from previously filled root canals with apparently normal periapical tissues (n = 3). the transport medium was investigated for detached biofilm fragments using fish sta ... | 2016 | 27284969 |
| pathogen distribution and drug resistance of nephrology patients with urinary tract infections. | pathogen distribution characteristics of nephrology patients with urinary tract infections are studied, and drug resistance of nephrology and urinary tract infection disease are analyzed, so as to provide sufficient evidence for treatment of patients. | 2016 | 27275125 |
| physicochemical characterisation and antimicrobial phototoxicity of an anionic porphyrin in natural deep eutectic solvents. | natural deep eutectic solvents (nades) are a newly discovered group of eutectics which has shown promise as a solvent in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (apdt). the purpose of this study was to investigate preparations of an anionic porphyrin, meso-tetra-(4-carboxyphenyl)-porphine (tcpp), solubilised in nades, with regard to their physicochemical and antibacterial properties. the nades cs (ph∼0), chx (ph∼4) and mfg (ph∼1) solubilised tcpp with absorption maximum ∼443nm and emission maximum ∼6 ... | 2016 | 27269504 |
| neofiscalin a and fiscalin c are potential novel indole alkaloid alternatives for the treatment of multidrug-resistant gram-positive bacterial infections. | ten indole alkaloids were obtained from the marine sponge-associated fungus neosartorya siamensis kufa 0017. we studied the antimicrobial properties of these and of three other compounds previously isolated from the soil fungus n. siamensis kufc 6349. only neofiscalin a showed antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis (vre); with a minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of 8 μ ... | 2016 | 27268269 |
| the prevalence of aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme and virulence genes among enterococci with high-level aminoglycoside resistance in inner mongolia, china. | this study highlights the prevalence of aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes and virulence determinants among clinical enterococci with high-level aminoglycoside resistance in inner mongolia, china. screening for high-level aminoglycoside resistance against 117 enterococcal clinical isolates was performed using the agar-screening method. out of the 117 enterococcal isolates, 46 were selected for further detection and determination of the distribution of aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme-encoding ... | 2017 | 27268115 |
| temporal variabilities in genetic patterns and antibiotic resistance profiles of enterococci isolated from human feces. | temporal variabilities in the genetic patterns and antibiotic resistance profiles of enterococci were monitored over a 7-month period. enterococcus faecalis isolates (103 strains) collected from feces showed only one genetic pattern and antibiotic resistance profile within 0 d and 30 d. in contrast, after 60 d and 90 d, the genetic patterns and antibiotic resistance profiles of all e. faecalis isolates (8 strains) clearly differed within 30 d. these results indicate that the genetic patterns and ... | 2016 | 27265342 |
| enterococcus faecalis promotes osteoclast differentiation within an osteoblast/osteoclast co-culture system. | to investigate the effects of heat-killed enterococcus faecalis atcc 29212 and p25rc clinical strain (derived from an obturated root canal with apical periodontitis) on osteoclast differentiation within an osteoblast/osteoclast co-culture system. | 2016 | 27262294 |
| development of novel electrospun dual-drug fiber mats loaded with a combination of ampicillin and metronidazole. | our study was performed with the aim of preparing electrospun polylactide fibers with a combination of ampicillin (amp) and metronidazole (mnz) and investigating their drug release behavior and the antibacterial effect on aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and other oral pathogens. | 2016 | 27262200 |
| virulence traits and antibiotic resistance among enterococci isolated from dogs with periodontal disease. | periodontal disease - pd - is one of the most widespread diseases in dogs, but the role of this odontogenic infection in the dissemination of pathogenic bacteria present in the oral mucosa to other animals or pet owners is understudied. trying to unveil the putative pathogenicity of enterococci present in the gums of dogs diagnosed with pd, thirty-two animals were investigated during routine visits to a private veterinary clinic. seventy-one enterococci were recovered and characterized regarding ... | 2016 | 27260807 |
| evidence for persistent and shared bacterial strains against a background of largely unique gut colonization in hospitalized premature infants. | the potentially critical stage of initial gut colonization in premature infants occurs in the hospital environment, where infants are exposed to a variety of hospital-associated bacteria. because few studies of microbial communities are strain-resolved, we know little about the extent to which specific strains persist in the hospital environment and disperse among infants. to study this, we compared 304 near-complete genomes reconstructed from fecal samples of 21 infants hospitalized in the same ... | 2016 | 27258951 |
| topical formulation comprising fatty acid extract from cod liver oil: development, evaluation and stability studies. | the purpose of this study was to develop a pharmaceutical formulation containing fatty acid extract rich in free omega-3 fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid for topical use. although the health benefits of cod liver oil and other fish oils taken orally as a dietary supplement have been acknowledged and exploited, it is clear that their use can be extended further to cover their antibacterial properties. in vitro evaluation showed that 20% (v/v) fatty acid extract e ... | 2016 | 27258290 |
| antimicrobial and physicochemical characterization of biodegradable, nitric oxide-releasing nanocellulose-chitosan packaging membranes. | biodegradable composite membranes with antimicrobial properties consisting of nanocellulose fibrils (cnfs), chitosan, and s-nitroso-n-acetyl-d-penicillamine (snap) were developed and tested for food packaging applications. as a nitric oxide donor, snap was encapsulated into completely dispersed chitosan in 100 ml of 0.1 n acetic acid and was thoroughly mixed with cnfs to produce a composite membrane. the fabricated membranes had a uniform dispersion of chitosan and snap within the cnfs, which wa ... | 2016 | 27258235 |
| effect of different obturation materials on residual antimicrobial activity of 2% chlorhexidine in dentin at different time intervals: an ex vivo study. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gutta percha/ah26 and resilon/realseal se on residual antimicrobial activity of chlorhexidine (chx) in human root dentin and suggest the best filling material when chx is used as final irrigant. | 2015 | 27252755 |
| anterior mitral valve aneurysm: a rare sequelae of aortic valve endocarditis. | summaryin intravenous drug abusers, infective endocarditis usually involves right-sided valves, with staphylococcus aureus being the most common etiologic agent. we present a patient who is an intravenous drug abuser with left-sided (aortic valve) endocarditis caused by enterococcus faecalis who subsequently developed an anterior mitral valve aneurysm, which is an exceedingly rare complication. a systematic literature search was conducted which identified only five reported cases in the literatu ... | 2016 | 27249815 |
| discovery and analysis of natural-product compounds inhibiting protein synthesis in pseudomonas aeruginosa. | bacterial protein synthesis is the target for numerous natural and synthetic antibacterial agents. we have developed a poly(u) mrna-directed aminoacylation/translation (a/t) protein synthesis system composed of phenylalanyl-trna synthetases (phers), ribosomes, and ribosomal factors from pseudomonas aeruginosa this system has been used for high-throughput screening of a natural-compound library. assays were developed for each component of the system to ascertain the specific target of inhibitory ... | 2016 | 27246774 |
| treatment of mdr urinary tract infections with oral fosfomycin: a retrospective analysis. | limited options for treating mdr organisms have led clinicians to turn to older antimicrobial agents that may display activity against such infections. one such agent is fosfomycin, an oral drug with activity against a variety of gram-positive and -negative bacteria, but only approved for use in the usa for urinary tract infection (uti) due to escherichia coli and enterococcus faecalis. the purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of fosfomycin treatment of mdr uti and identify predictor ... | 2016 | 27246234 |
| impact of the provaur stewardship programme on linezolid resistance in a tertiary university hospital: a before-and-after interventional study. | there is little evidence of the impact of antimicrobial stewardship programmes on antimicrobial resistance. | 2016 | 27246230 |
| biofilm-forming capacity in biogenic amine-producing bacteria isolated from dairy products. | biofilms on the surface of food industry equipment are reservoirs of potentially food-contaminating bacteria-both spoilage and pathogenic. however, the capacity of biogenic amine (ba)-producers to form biofilms has remained largely unexamined. bas are low molecular weight, biologically active compounds that in food can reach concentrations high enough to be a toxicological hazard. fermented foods, especially some types of cheese, accumulate the highest ba concentrations of all. the present work ... | 2016 | 27242675 |
| the effect of berberine hydrochloride on enterococcus faecalis biofilm formation and dispersion in vitro. | enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis) is one of the major causes of biofilm infections. berberine hydrochloride (bbh) has diverse pharmacological effects; however, the effects and mechanisms of bbh on e. faecalis biofilm formation and dispersion have not been reported. in this study, 99 clinical isolates from the urine samples of patients with urinary tract infections (utis) were collected and identified. ten strains of e. faecalis with biofilm formation ability were studied. bbh inhibited e. faec ... | 2017 | 27242142 |
| emergence of vana gene among vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a tertiary care hospital of north - east india. | vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) have become one of the most challenging nosocomial pathogens with the rapid spread of the multi-drug resistant strain with limited therapeutic options. it is a matter of concern due to its ability to transfer vancomycin resistant gene to other organisms. the present study was undertaken to determine the emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and the vana gene among the isolates in a tertiary care hospital of north-east india. | 2016 | 27241650 |
| antibacterial and antimetastatic potential of diospyros lycioides extract on cervical cancer cells and associated pathogens. | cervical cancer is among the most prevalent forms of cancer in women worldwide. diospyros lycioides was extracted using hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol and finger print profiles were determined. the leaf material was tested for the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, and cardiac glycosides using standard chemical methods and the presence of flavonoids and phenolics using thin layer chromatography. the total phenolic content was determined using folin-ciocalteu pro ... | 2016 | 27239210 |
| abietane diterpenes from the cones of abies numidica de lannoy ex carrière (pinaceae) and in vitro evaluation of their antimicrobial properties. | eight known abietane diterpenes (1-8) were isolated for the first time from abies numidica cones (pinaceae). the structures of all compounds were established by means of 1d and 2d nmr, and uv spectral analyses. the hydromethanolic extract of a. numidica cones was tested for its antimicrobial activity against 17 gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and against five yeasts by the use of liquid and solid medium and bioautography methods. the best antimicrobial activity was found against gram-po ... | 2017 | 27237830 |
| effect of electron-beam irradiation on antimicrobial, antibiofilm activity, and cytotoxicity of mouth rinses. | oral health diseases are common in all regions of the world. mouth rinses are widely used generally by population as a port of daily oral care regimen. in addition to antimicrobial activity, mouth rinses possess certain cytotoxic effects. electron-beam (e-beam) radiation is a form of ionizing energy known to induce structural, physical, and chemical changes in irradiated products. in this study, the modulatory effects of e-beam in irradiated mouth rinses were evaluated for its biological activit ... | 2016 | 27237203 |
| evaluation of the ability of different detergents and disinfectants to remove and kill organisms in traditional biofilm. | the objective of this study was to assess the ability of different detergent and disinfectant combinations to eradicate bacteria in traditional biofilm. | 2016 | 27234012 |
| gram-positive uropathogens, polymicrobial urinary tract infection, and the emerging microbiota of the urinary tract. | gram-positive bacteria are a common cause of urinary-tract infection (uti), particularly among individuals who are elderly, pregnant, or who have other risk factors for uti. here we review the epidemiology, virulence mechanisms, and host response to the most frequently isolated gram-positive uropathogens: staphylococcus saprophyticus, enterococcus faecalis, and streptococcus agalactiae. we also review several emerging, rare, misclassified, and otherwise underreported gram-positive pathogens of t ... | 2016 | 27227294 |
| postneurosurgical central nervous system infection due to enterococcus faecalis successfully treated with intraventricular vancomycin. | infections from enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium are uncommon in the post-neurosurgical intervention setting., [1, 2, 3, 4] intraventricular antibiotics are recommended when standard intravenous therapy fails. [5] here we present a case of post-neurosurgical ventriculitis, meningitis, and cerebritis in an oncology patient caused by refractory enterococcus faecalis successfully treated with intraventricular vancomycin. | 2016 | 27226704 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility and characterization of virulence genes of enterococcus faecalis isolates from teeth with failure of the endodontic treatment. | the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of virulence factors and the antimicrobial resistance of enterococcus faecalis isolates of teeth with failure of the endodontic treatment. | 2016 | 27221594 |
| growth behavior of e. coli, enterococcus and staphylococcus species in the presence and absence of sub-inhibitory antibiotic concentrations: consequences for interpretation of culture-based data. | culture-based approaches are used to monitor, e.g., drinking water or bathing water quality and to investigate species diversity and antibiotic resistance levels in environmental samples. for health risk assessment, it is important to know whether the growing cultures display the actual abundance of, e.g., clinically relevant antibiotic resistance phenotypes such as vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium/enterococcus faecalis (vre) or methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. in addition, ... | 2016 | 27220972 |
| chemical constituents from campylotropis hirtella. | a phytochemical investigation on the roots of campylotropis hirtella afforded nine new isoflavones (3-9, 12, 15), two new isoflavans (10 and 11), one new coumestan (1), and three new prenylated benzoic acid derivatives (2, 13, 14), together with twenty-four known compounds. their structures were established by spectroscopic analysis and circular dichroism data. the isolated compounds were also evaluated for their antibacterial activities against enterococcus faecalis, salmonella gallinarum, stre ... | 2016 | 27220079 |
| antibacterial efficacy of calcium hypochlorite with vibringe sonic irrigation system on enterococcus faecalis: an in vitro study. | aim. the purpose of this study was to compare the in vitro efficacy of calcium hypochlorite (ca[ocl]2) and sodium hypochlorite (naocl) associated with sonic (vibringe) irrigation system in root canals which were contaminated with enterococcus faecalis. material and methods. the root canals of 84 single-rooted premolars were enlarged up to a file 40, autoclaved, inoculated with enterococcus faecalis, and incubated for 21 days. the samples were divided into 7 groups according to the irrigation pro ... | 2016 | 27218106 |
| increasing prevalence of aminoglycoside-resistant enterococcus faecalis isolates due to the aac(6')-aph(2") gene: a therapeutic problem in kermanshah, iran. | enterococci are important pathogens in nosocomial infections. various types of antibiotics, such as aminoglycosides, are used for treatment of these infections. enterococci can acquire resistant traits, which can lead to therapeutic problems with aminoglycosides. | 2016 | 27217920 |
| vana-type mrsa (vrsa) emerged in surface waters. | due to the widespread occurrence of meca-encoded methicillin resistance in staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), treatment of staphylococcal infections is shifted to glycopeptide antibiotics like vancomycin and teicoplanin. the selective pressure of glycopeptides has eventually led to the emergence of staphylococci with increased resistance. of great concern is vana-encoded high level vancomycin and teicoplanin resistance in mrsa (vrsa). therefore, this study aimed at investigating the occurrence of vrs ... | 2016 | 27216737 |
| genome-based characterization of hospital-adapted enterococcus faecalis lineages. | vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis (vrefs) is an important nosocomial pathogen1,2. we undertook whole genome sequencing of e. faecalis associated with bloodstream infection in the uk and ireland over more than a decade to determine the population structure and genetic associations with hospital adaptation. three lineages predominated in the population, two of which (l1 and l2) were nationally distributed, and one (l3) geographically restricted. genome comparison with a global collection ... | 2016 | 27213049 |