Publications

chimeric adaptor proteins translocate diverse type vi secretion system effectors in vibrio cholerae.	vibrio cholerae is a diverse species of gram-negative bacteria, commonly found in the aquatic environment and the causative agent of the potentially deadly disease cholera. these bacteria employ a type vi secretion system (t6ss) when they encounter prokaryotic and eukaryotic competitors. this contractile puncturing device translocates a set of effector proteins into neighboring cells. translocated effectors are toxic unless the targeted cell produces immunity proteins that bind and deactivate in ...	2015	26194724
investigation into flhfg reveals distinct features of flhf in regulating flagellum polarity in shewanella oneidensis.	rod-shaped bacterial cells are polarized, with many organelles confined to a polar cellular site. in polar flagellates, flhf and flhg, a multiple-domain (b-n-g) gtpase and a mind-like atpase respectively, function as a cognate pair to regulate flagellar localization and number as revealed in vibrio and pseudomonas species. in this study, we show that flhfg of shewanella oneidensis (soflhfg), a monotrichous γ-proteobacterium renowned for respiratory diversity, also play an important role in the f ...	2015	26194016
regulation of biofilm formation and cellular buoyancy through modulating intracellular cyclic di-gmp levels in engineered cyanobacteria.	the second messenger cyclic dimeric (3'→5') gmp (cyclic di-gmp or c-di-gmp) has been implicated in the transition between motile and sessile lifestyles in bacteria. in this study, we demonstrate that biofilm formation, cellular aggregation or flocculation, and cellular buoyancy are under the control of c-di-gmp in synechocystis sp. pcc 6803 (synechocystis) and fremyella diplosiphon. synechocystis is a unicellular cyanobacterium and displays lower levels of c-di-gmp; f. diplosiphon is filamentous ...	2016	26192200
the roles of inflammation, nutrient availability and the commensal microbiota in enteric pathogen infection.	the healthy human intestine is colonized by as many as 1014 bacteria belonging to more than 500 different species forming a microbial ecosystem of unsurpassed diversity, termed the microbiota. the microbiota's various bacterial members engage in a physiological network of cooperation and competition within several layers of complexity. within the last 10 years, technological progress in the field of next-generation sequencing technologies has tremendously advanced our understanding of the wide v ...	2015	26185088
genetics of natural competence in vibrio cholerae and other vibrios.	many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria can become naturally competent to take up extracellular dna from the environment via a dedicated uptake apparatus. the genetic material that is acquired can (i) be used for nutrients, (ii) aid in genome repair, and (iii) promote horizontal gene transfer when incorporated onto the genome by homologous recombination, the process of "transformation." recent studies have identified multiple environmental cues sufficient to induce natural transformation i ...	2015	26185067
cholera: environmental reservoirs and impact on disease transmission.	vibrio cholerae is widely known to be the etiological agent of the life-threatening diarrheal disease cholera. cholera remains a major scourge in many developing countries, infecting hundreds of thousands every year. remarkably, v. cholerae is a natural inhabitant of brackish riverine, estuarine, and coastal waters, and only a subset of strains are known to be pathogenic to humans. recent studies have begun to uncover a very complex network of relationships between v. cholerae and other sea dwel ...	2013	26184966
[multilocus sequence-typing of vibrio cholerae strains with various epidemic importance].	the allele polymorphism of the housekeeping genes (dnae, lap, reca, pgm, gyrb, cat, chi, gmd) from the vibrio cholerae strains with different epidemic importance (n = 41) isolated in siberia and at the far east during the cholera pandemic vii was tested. all toxigenic strains isolated at the period of epidemic complications irrespective of time and source of isolation were characterized by the identical allele profile and belonged to the same sequence-type. nine sequence types were detected in n ...	2015	26182664
[maldi-tof ms analysis for yersinia pestis, vibrio cholera, and francisella tularensis identification].	numerous studies showed that a new technology for the clinical microbiology laboratories, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization--time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms), allows fast, accurate, and effective identification of most clinically relevant microorganisms to be implemented. in the present review, we discuss applications of this approach for identification and typing of extremely dangerous pathogens--yersinia pestis, vibrio cholera, and francisella tularensis, including the ...	2015	26182660
septicemia due to vibrio cholerae serogroup non-o1/non-o139 strain in a cirrhotic patient.	we describe a case of non-o1/ non-o139 vibrio cholerae septicemia in a 65-year-old male patient with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. he was admitted due to septic shock from non-o1/ non-o139 v. cholerae. an intravenous empiric antibiotic, ceftriaxone sodium hydrate, was administered together with amikacin sulfate, gamma globulin and dopamine. he was discharged feeling well 17 days after admission. poor host defense mechanisms as seen in cirrhotic patients seem to be a determinant for systemic infecti ...	2012	26181318
role of phytoplankton in maintaining endemicity and seasonality of cholera in bangladesh.	in bangladesh, cholera is endemic and maintains a regular seasonal pattern. the role of phytoplankton in maintaining endemicity and seasonality of cholera was monitored in matlab, bangladesh.	2015	26179653
in silico structural and functional annotation of hypothetical proteins of vibrio cholerae o139.	in developing countries threat of cholera is a significant health concern whenever water purification and sewage disposal systems are inadequate. vibrio cholerae is one of the responsible bacteria involved in cholera disease. the complete genome sequence of v. cholerae deciphers the presence of various genes and hypothetical proteins whose function are not yet understood. hence analyzing and annotating the structure and function of hypothetical proteins is important for understanding the v. chol ...	2015	26175663
vibrio cholerae phosphatases required for the utilization of nucleotides and extracellular dna as phosphate sources.	phosphate is essential for life, being used in many core processes such as signal transduction and synthesis of nucleic acids. the waterborne agent of cholera, vibrio cholerae, encounters phosphate limitation in both the aquatic environment and human intestinal tract. this bacterium can utilize extracellular dna (edna) as a phosphate source, a phenotype dependent on secreted endo- and exonucleases. however, no transporter of nucleotides has been identified in v. cholerae, suggesting that in orde ...	2016	26175126
the epitope analysis of an antibody specifically against vibrio cholerae o1 ogawa by phage library study.	to prevent epidemic and pandemic cholera disease, an indispensible approach is to develop cholera vaccines based on comprehensive epitope information of this pathogen. this study aimed to utilize our previously raised monoclonal antibody ixiao3g6, which can recognize an epitope in lipopolysaccharide (lps) sites of ogawa, to identify mimetic peptides, which may represent ogawa lps's epitope information. a phage display library screening using ixiao3g6 antibody resulted in identification of a mimi ...	2015	26172085
glnr-mediated regulation of ectabcd transcription expands the role of the glnr regulon to osmotic stress management.	ectoine and hydroxyectoine are excellent compatible solutes for bacteria to deal with environmental osmotic stress and temperature damages. the biosynthesis cluster of ectoine and hydroxyectoine is widespread among microorganisms, and its expression is activated by high salinity and temperature changes. so far, little is known about the mechanism of the regulation of the transcription of ect genes and only two marr family regulators (ectr1 in methylobacteria and the ectr1-related regulator cosr ...	2015	26170409
non-o1/non-o139 vibrio cholerae avian isolate from france cocarrying the bla(vim-1) and bla(vim-4) genes.	we describe here a non-o1/non-o139 vibrio cholerae isolate producing both vim-1 and vim-4 carbapenemases. it was isolated from a yellow-legged gull in southern france. the blavim genes were part of a class 1 integron structure located in an inca/c plasmid. this study emphasizes the presence of carbapenemase genes in wildlife microbiota.	2015	26169421
diarrhoea and smoking: an analysis of decades of observational data from bangladesh.	although cigarette smoking affects all biological systems of the human body including the gastrointestinal tract, there is a lack of evidence regarding its effect on the severity of diarrhoeal disease and whether a dose-response relationship exists. we therefore tested for the presence of specific causative pathogens for infectious diarrhoea, assessed the independent effect of smoking on its severity and tested whether any dose-response relationship existed while controlling for subjects' age, s ...	2015	26164796
genetic relatedness of selected clinical and environmental non-o1/o139 vibrio cholerae.	in an attempt to better understand the non-o1/o139 isolates of vibrio cholerae, a systematic study of clinical and environmental isolates collected from various geographical locations between the years 1932 and 1998 was conducted.	2015	26164777
optimized quinoline amino alcohols as disruptors and dispersal agents of vibrio cholerae biofilms.	the biofilm state is an integral part of the lifecycle of many bacterial pathogens. identifying inhibitors as molecular probes against bacterial biofilms has numerous potential biomedical applications. here we report quinoline amino alcohol as a highly potent disruptor of v. cholerae biofilms. additionally, was able to disperse preformed biofilms, an activity exhibited by few compounds with biofilm inhibiting activity.	2015	26156292
a cholera conjugate vaccine containing o-specific polysaccharide (osp) of v. cholerae o1 inaba and recombinant fragment of tetanus toxin heavy chain (osp:rtthc) induces serum, memory and lamina proprial responses against osp and is protective in mice.	vibrio cholerae is the cause of cholera, a severe watery diarrhea. protection against cholera is serogroup specific. serogroup specificity is defined by the o-specific polysaccharide (osp) component of lipopolysaccharide (lps).	2015	26154421
protein profiles in mucosal and systemic compartments in response to vibrio cholerae in a mouse pulmonary infection model.	we have recently shown that a mouse lung infection model resulting in acute pneumonia could be used for evaluating the protective immunity induced by mucosal vaccines against vibrio cholerae. in order to gain insight and better understanding of the pathogenicity of v. cholerae infection, we identified and compared proteins induced by v. cholerae in nasal washes, bronchoalveolar lavages (bal), and sera. intranasal administration of v. cholerae increased the concentration of total proteins in nasa ...	2015	26150210
vibrio cholerae pathogen from the freshwater-cultured whiteleg shrimp penaeus vannamei and control with bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.	vibriosis has become a major global economic problem in freshwater-farmed whiteleg shrimp (penaeus vannamei). the prevention and control of vibriosis are now priority research topics. in this study, a pathogenic strain (qh) was isolated from vibriosis-infected freshwater-farmed p. vannamei that resulted in leg yellowing and was identified as a vibrio cholerae isolate through phylogenetic analysis and the api 32gn system. a phylogenetic tree that was constructed using the neighbor-joining method ...	2015	26146226
the structure of na⁺-translocating of nadh:ubiquinone oxidoreductase of vibrio cholerae: implications on coupling between electron transfer and na⁺ transport.	the na⁺-translocating nadh:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (na⁺-nqr) of vibrio cholerae is a respiratory complex that couples the exergonic oxidation of nadh to the transport of na⁺ across the cytoplasmic membrane. it is composed of six different subunits, nqra, nqrb, nqrc, nqrd, nqre, and nqrf, which harbor fad, fmn, riboflavin, quinone, and two fes centers as redox co-factors. we recently determined the x-ray structure of the entire na⁺-nqr complex at 3.5-å resolution and complemented the analysis b ...	2015	26146127
characterization of prohibitin 1 as a host partner of vibrio vulnificus rtxa1 toxin.	rtxa1 toxin, which results in cytoskeletal rearrangement, contact cytotoxicity, hemolysis, tissue invasion, and lethality in mice, is the most potent cytotoxic virulence factor of vibrio vulnificus. bioinformatics analysis of rtxa1 predicted 4 functional domains that presumably performed discrete functions during host cell killing. v. vulnificus rtxa1 has a unique domain designated as rtxa1-d2, corresponding to amino acids 1951-2574, which is absent in vibrio cholerae multifunctional-autoprocess ...	2016	26136468
evaluation of a field appropriate membrane filtration method for the detection of vibrio cholerae for the measurement of biosand filter performance in the artibonite valley, haiti.	biosand filters in the artibonite valley of haiti, the epicenter of the cholera epidemic that began in october 2010, were tested for total coliform and vibrio cholerae removal efficiencies. while coliform are often used as an indicator organism for pathogenic bacteria, a correlation has never been established linking the concentration of coliform and v. cholerae, the causative agent for cholera. hence, a method for field enumeration of v. cholerae was developed and tested. to this end, a plate c ...	2015	26135641
erratum to: atp-association to intrabacterial nanotransportation system in vibrio cholerae.		2015	26134077
international collaborative research on infectious diseases by japanese universities and institutes in asia and africa, with a special emphasis on j-grid.	in developed countries including japan, malignant tumor (cancer), heart disease and cerebral apoplexy are major causes of death, but infectious diseases are still responsible for a high number of deaths in developing countries, especially among children aged less than 5 years. world health statistics published by who reports a high percentage of mortality from infectious diseases in children, and many of these diseases may be subject to transmission across borders and could possibly invade japan ...	2015	26133505
a conserved pattern of primer-dependent transcription initiation in escherichia coli and vibrio cholerae revealed by 5' rna-seq.	transcription initiation that involves the use of a 2- to ~4-nt oligoribonucleotide primer, "primer-dependent initiation," (pdi) has been shown to be widely prevalent at promoters of genes expressed during the stationary phase of growth in escherichia coli. however, the extent to which pdi impacts e. coli physiology, and the extent to which pdi occurs in other bacteria is not known. here we establish a physiological role for pdi in e. coli as a regulatory mechanism that modulates biofilm formati ...	2015	26131907
the two transmembrane helices of ccop are sufficient for assembly of the cbb3-type heme-copper oxygen reductase from vibrio cholerae.	the c-family (cbb3) of heme-copper oxygen reductases are proton-pumping enzymes terminating the aerobic respiratory chains of many bacteria, including a number of human pathogens. the most common form of these enzymes contains one copy each of 4 subunits encoded by the cconoqp operon. in the cbb3 from rhodobacter capsulatus, the enzyme is assembled in a stepwise manner, with an essential role played by an assembly protein ccoh. importantly, it has been proposed that a transient interaction betwe ...	2015	26116881
relationship between distinct african cholera epidemics revealed via mlva haplotyping of 337 vibrio cholerae isolates.	since cholera appeared in africa during the 1970s, cases have been reported on the continent every year. in sub-saharan africa, cholera outbreaks primarily cluster at certain hotspots including the african great lakes region and west africa.	2015	26110870
biofilm matrix proteins.	proteinaceous components of the biofilm matrix include secreted extracellular proteins, cell surface adhesins, and protein subunits of cell appendages such as flagella and pili. biofilm matrix proteins play diverse roles in biofilm formation and dissolution. they are involved in attaching cells to surfaces, stabilizing the biofilm matrix via interactions with exopolysaccharide and nucleic acid components, developing three-dimensional biofilm architectures, and dissolving biofilm matrix via enzym ...	2015	26104709
biology of three ice families: sxt/r391, icebs1, and icest1/icest3.	integrative and conjugative elements (ices) are bacterial mobile genetic elements that play a key role in bacterial genomes dynamics and evolution. ices are widely distributed among virtually all bacterial genera. recent extensive studies have unraveled their high diversity and complexity. the present review depicts the general conserved features of ices and describes more precisely three major families of ices that have been extensively studied in the past decade for their biology, their evolut ...	2014	26104437
catechol siderophore transport by vibrio cholerae.	siderophores, small iron-binding molecules secreted by many microbial species, capture environmental iron for transport back into the cell. vibrio cholerae synthesizes and uses the catechol siderophore vibriobactin and also uses siderophores secreted by other species, including enterobactin produced by escherichia coli. e. coli secretes both canonical cyclic enterobactin and linear enterobactin derivatives likely derived from its cleavage by the enterobactin esterase fes. we show here that v. ch ...	2015	26100039
rna-seq analysis and whole genome dna-binding profile of the vibrio cholerae histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (h-ns).	the data described in this article pertain to the genome-wide transcription profiling of a vibrio cholerae mutant lacking the histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (h-ns) and the mapping of the h-ns chromosome binding sites [1, 2]. h-ns is a nucleoid-associated protein with two interrelated functions: organization of the bacterial nucleoid and transcriptional silencing [3]. both functions require dna binding and protein oligomerization [4, 5]. h-ns commonly silences the expression of virulen ...	2015	26097806
vibrio cholerae porin ompu mediates m1-polarization of macrophages/monocytes via tlr1/tlr2 activation.	polarization of the monocytes and macrophages toward the m1 and m2 states is important for hosts' defense against the pathogens. moreover, it plays a crucial role to resolve the overwhelming inflammatory responses that can be harmful to the host. polarization of macrophages/monocytes can be induced by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps). pamp-mediated monocyte/macrophage polarization is important during the infection, as pathogen can suppress host immune system by altering the polariz ...	2015	26093918
chemoenzymatic syntheses of sialylated oligosaccharides containing c5-modified neuraminic acids for dual inhibition of hemagglutinins and neuraminidases.	a fast chemoenzymatic synthesis of sialylated oligosaccharides containing c5-modified neuraminic acids is reported. analogues of gm3 and gm2 ganglioside saccharidic portions where the acetyl group of neunac has been replaced by a phenylacetyl (phac) or a propanoyl (prop) moiety have been efficiently prepared with metabolically engineered e. coli bacteria. gm3 analogues were either obtained by chemoselective modification of biosynthetic n-acetyl-sialyllactoside (gm3 nac) or by direct bacterial sy ...	2015	26088695
prevalence of vibrio spp. in raw shrimps (parapenaeus longirostris) and performance of a chromogenic medium for the isolation of vibrio strains.	vibrios are natural inhabitants of estuarine ecosystems and some species may pose public health problem as agents of sporadic or collective food-borne infections associated with the consumption of fish or shellfish. samples of raw shrimp (n = 299), fished in coastal areas of the city of agadir, morocco, and collected from its fish marketplace, were examined for the presence of pathogenic vibrios. microbiological analysis was carried out according to a protocol using thiosulphate citrate bile suc ...	2015	26081523
[antibiotic resistance and molecular characterization of vibrio cholera strains isolated from an outbreak of cholera epidemic in jiangsu province].	to assess the antibiotic resistance and molecular characterization of cholera strains and to provide basis for clinical treatment and prevention of cholera.	2015	26081396
[development of a rapid molecular typing method for vibrio cholerae using melting curve-based multilocus melt typing].	to develop a high-throughput rapid method for vibrio (v.) cholerae molecular typing based on melting curve-based multilocus melt typing (mcmlmt).	2015	26081395
[analysis of twin-arginine translocation system gene homology and transcription in vibrio species].	to determine the function of twin-arginine translocation system (tat) and gene cluster in vibrio strains and to analyze the homology of tat gene cluster among different vibrio spp. strains based on n16961 and tatabc mutant strains n169-dtat.	2015	26081394
characterization of 3 megabase-sized circular replicons from vibrio cholerae.		2015	26079534
a randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluating safety and immunogenicity of the killed, bivalent, whole-cell oral cholera vaccine in ethiopia.	killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccine (ocv) has been a key component of a comprehensive package including water and sanitation measures for recent cholera epidemics. the vaccine, given in a two-dose regimen, has been evaluated in a large number of human volunteers in india, vietnam, and bangladesh, where it has demonstrated safety, immunogenicity, and clinical efficacy. we conducted a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial in ethiopia, where we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity ...	2015	26078323
tlr2, but not tlr4, plays a predominant role in the immune responses to cholera vaccines.	vibrio cholerae can cause severe diarrhea and dehydration leading to high mortality and morbidity. current cholera vaccines are formulated with kvc. although the innate immune responses following vaccination deeply influence the induction of adaptive immunity, the initial recognition of cholera vaccines by the host innate immune system is not well characterized. in this study, the ability of kvc to induce innate immune responses was investigated. unlike typical gram-negative bacteria stimulating ...	2015	26078314
correction: genomic location of the major ribosomal protein gene locus determines vibrio cholerae global growth and infectivity.		2015	26076373
the effect of solar irradiated vibrio cholerae on the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by the jaws ii dendritic cell line in vitro.	the use of solar irradiation to sterilize water prior to its consumption has resulted in the reduction of water related illnesses in waterborne disease endemic communities worldwide. currently, research on solar water disinfection (sodis) has been directed towards understanding the underlying mechanisms through which solar irradiation inactivates the culturability of microorganisms in water, enhancement of the disinfection process, and the health impact of sodis water consumption. however, the i ...	2015	26066787
predicting homogeneous pilus structure from monomeric data and sparse constraints.	type iv pili (t4p) and t2ss (type ii secretion system) pseudopili are filaments extending beyond microbial surfaces, comprising homologous subunits called "pilins." in this paper, we presented a new approach to predict pseudo atomic models of pili combining ambiguous symmetric constraints with sparse distance information obtained from experiments and based neither on electronic microscope (em) maps nor on accurate a priori symmetric details. the approach was validated by the reconstruction of th ...	2015	26064954
replication and active partition of integrative and conjugative elements (ices) of the sxt/r391 family: the line between ices and conjugative plasmids is getting thinner.	integrative and conjugative elements (ices) of the sxt/r391 family disseminate multidrug resistance among pathogenic gammaproteobacteria such as vibrio cholerae. sxt/r391 ices are mobile genetic elements that reside in the chromosome of their host and eventually self-transfer to other bacteria by conjugation. conjugative transfer of sxt/r391 ices involves a transient extrachromosomal circular plasmid-like form that is thought to be the substrate for single-stranded dna translocation to the recip ...	2015	26061412
molecular characterization of vibrio cholerae isolated from clinical samples in kurdistan province, iran.	vibrio cholerae causes diarrhoeal disease that afflicts thousands of people annually. v. cholerae is classified on the basis of somatic antigens into serovars or serogroups and there are at least 200 known serogroup. two serogroups, o1 and o139 have been associated with epidemic diseases. virulence genes of these bacteria are ompw, ctxa and tcpa.	2015	26060565
revisiting the membrane interaction mechanism of a membrane-damaging β-barrel pore-forming toxin vibrio cholerae cytolysin.	vibrio cholerae cytolysin (vcc) permeabilizes target cell membranes by forming transmembrane oligomeric β-barrel pores. vcc has been shown to associate with the target membranes via amphipathicity-driven spontaneous partitioning into the membrane environment. more specific interaction(s) of vcc with the membrane components have also been documented. in particular, specific binding of vcc with the membrane lipid components is believed to play a crucial role in determining the efficacy of the pore ...	2015	26059432
fabv/triclosan is an antibiotic-free and cost-effective selection system for efficient maintenance of high and medium-copy number plasmids in escherichia coli.	antibiotic resistance genes and antibiotics are frequently used to maintain plasmid vectors in bacterial hosts such as escherichia coli. due to the risk of spread of antibiotic resistance, the regulatory authorities discourage the use of antibiotic resistance genes/antibiotics for the maintenance of plasmid vectors in certain biotechnology applications. overexpression of e. coli endogenous fabi gene and subsequent selection on triclosan has been proposed as a practical alternative to traditional ...	2015	26057251
a genome-wide screen reveals that the vibrio cholerae phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system modulates virulence gene expression.	diverse environmental stimuli and a complex network of regulatory factors are known to modulate expression of vibrio cholerae's principal virulence factors. however, there is relatively little known about how metabolic factors impinge upon the pathogen's well-characterized cascade of transcription factors that induce expression of cholera toxin and the toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp). here, we used a transposon insertion site (tis) sequencing-based strategy to identify new factors required for exp ...	2015	26056384
plasma leptin levels in children hospitalized with cholera in bangladesh.	vibrio cholerae, the cause of cholera, induces both innate and adaptive immune responses in infected humans. leptin is a hormone that plays a role in both metabolism and mediating immune responses. we characterized leptin levels in 11 children with cholera in bangladesh, assessing leptin levels on days 2, 7, 30, and 180 following cholera. we found that patients at the acute stage of cholera had significantly lower plasma leptin levels than matched controls, and compared with levels in late conva ...	2015	26055740
a global map of suitability for coastal vibrio cholerae under current and future climate conditions.	vibrio cholerae is a globally distributed water-borne pathogen that causes severe diarrheal disease and mortality, with current outbreaks as part of the seventh pandemic. further understanding of the role of environmental factors in potential pathogen distribution and corresponding v. cholerae disease transmission over time and space is urgently needed to target surveillance of cholera and other climate and water-sensitive diseases. we used an ecological niche model (enm) to identify environment ...	2015	26048558
oxalic acid capped iron oxide nanorods as a sensing platform.	a label free impedimetric immunosensor has been fabricated using protein bovine serum albumin (bsa) and monoclonal antibodies against vibrio cholerae (ab) functionalized oxalic acid (oa) capped iron oxide (fe3o4) nanorods for v. cholerae detection. the structural and morphological studies of fe3o4 and oa-fe3o4, were characterized by x-ray diffraction (xrd), transmission electron microscopy (tem), fourier transform infrared (ftir) spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (dls) techniques. the av ...	2015	26048074
antibacterial potential of a basic phospholipase a2 (vrv-pl-viiia) from daboia russelii pulchella (russell's viper) venom.	microbial/bacterial resistance against antibiotics poses a serious threat to public health. furthermore, the side effects of these antibiotics have stimulated tremendous interest in developing new molecules from diverse organisms as therapeutic agents. this study evaluates the antibacterial potential of a basic protein, vipera russellii venom phospholipase a2 fraction viiia (vrv-pl-viiia), from daboia russelii pulchella venom against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.	2015	26042153
[the development of biochip to detect anti-cholera antibodies in human blood serum].	the full-scaled agglutinating immunoassay is commonly applied to detect content of antibodies to cholera agent vibrio cholerae human in blood serum under application of serological diagnostic. the time of analysis implementation amounts to 18 hours. to shorten time of detection of antibodies a biological microchip (biochip) was developed. the biochip represents an activated slide with immobilized corpuscle and soluble antigen cholera agent (o-antigens, cholera toxin). the experimental work resul ...	2015	26027261
evidence for tlr4 and fcrγ-card9 activation by cholera toxin b subunit and its direct bindings to trem2 and lmir5 receptors.	cholera toxin (ctx) is a virulent factor of vibrio cholerae that causes life-threatening diarrheal disease. its non-toxic subunit ctb has been extensively studied for vaccine delivery. in immune cells, ctb induces a number of signaling molecules related to cellular activation and cytokine production. the mechanisms by which ctb exerts its immunological effects are not understood. we report here the immunological targets of ctb. the unexpected finding that gm1 ganglioside inhibited nf-κb activati ...	2015	26021803
the kinetic reaction mechanism of the vibrio cholerae sodium-dependent nadh dehydrogenase.	the sodium-dependent nadh dehydrogenase (na(+)-nqr) is the main ion transporter in vibrio cholerae. its activity is linked to the operation of the respiratory chain and is essential for the development of the pathogenic phenotype. previous studies have described different aspects of the enzyme, including the electron transfer pathways, sodium pumping structures, cofactor and subunit composition, among others. however, the mechanism of the enzyme remains to be completely elucidated. in this work, ...	2015	26004776
enumeration of viable non-culturable vibrio cholerae using propidium monoazide combined with quantitative pcr.	the well-known human pathogenic bacterium, vibrio cholerae, can enter a physiologically viable but non-culturable (vbnc) state under stress conditions. the differentiation of vbnc cells and nonviable cells is essential for both disease prevention and basic research. among all the methods for detecting viability, propidium monoazide (pma) combined with real-time pcr is popular because of its specificity, sensitivity, and speed. however, the effect of pma treatment is not consistent and varies amo ...	2015	26001818
vibrio cholerae response regulator vxrb controls colonization and regulates the type vi secretion system.	two-component signal transduction systems (tcs) are used by bacteria to sense and respond to their environment. tcs are typically composed of a sensor histidine kinase (hk) and a response regulator (rr). the vibrio cholerae genome encodes 52 rr, but the role of these rrs in v. cholerae pathogenesis is largely unknown. to identify rrs that control v. cholerae colonization, in-frame deletions of each rr were generated and the resulting mutants analyzed using an infant mouse intestine colonization ...	2015	26000450
regulated intramembrane proteolysis of the virulence activator tcpp in vibrio cholerae is initiated by the tail-specific protease (tsp).	vibrio cholerae uses a multiprotein transcriptional regulatory cascade to control expression of virulence factors cholera toxin and toxin-co-regulated pilus. two proteins in this cascade are toxr and tcpp - unusual membrane-localized transcription factors with relatively undefined periplasmic domains and transcription activator cytoplasmic domains. tcpp and toxr function with each other and two other membrane-localized proteins, tcph and toxs, to activate transcription of toxt, encoding the dire ...	2015	25999037
intestinal colonization dynamics of vibrio cholerae.	to cause the diarrheal disease cholera, vibrio cholerae must effectively colonize the small intestine. in order to do so, the bacterium needs to successfully travel through the stomach and withstand the presence of agents such as bile and antimicrobial peptides in the intestinal lumen and mucus. the bacterial cells penetrate the viscous mucus layer covering the epithelium and attach and proliferate on its surface. in this review, we discuss recent developments and known aspects of the early stag ...	2015	25996593
ctxφ replication depends on the histone-like hu protein and the uvrd helicase.	the vibrio cholerae bacterium is the agent of cholera. the capacity to produce the cholera toxin, which is responsible for the deadly diarrhea associated with cholera epidemics, is encoded in the genome of a filamentous phage, ctxφ. rolling-circle replication (rcr) is central to the life cycle of ctxφ because amplification of the phage genome permits its efficient integration into the genome and its packaging into new viral particles. a single phage-encoded huh endonuclease initiates rcr of the ...	2015	25992634
gut microbial succession follows acute secretory diarrhea in humans.	disability after childhood diarrhea is an important burden on global productivity. recent studies suggest that gut bacterial communities influence how humans recover from infectious diarrhea, but we still lack extensive data and mechanistic hypotheses for how these bacterial communities respond to diarrheal disease and its treatment. here, we report that after vibrio cholerae infection, the human gut microbiota undergoes an orderly and reproducible succession that features transient reversals in ...	2015	25991682
establishment and characterization of fin-derived cell line from ornamental carp, cyprinus carpio koi, for virus isolation in india.	cyprinus carpio koi fin (cckf) cell line was established and characterized from the caudal fin tissue of ornamental common carp, c. carpio koi. this cell line has been maintained in l-15 medium supplemented with 15% foetal bovine serum (fbs) and subcultured more than 52 times over a period of 24 mo. the cckf cell line consisted of epithelial cells and was able to grow at temperatures between 22 and 35°c with an optimum temperature of 28°c. the growth rate of these cells increased as the proporti ...	2015	25990269
rpos and quorum sensing control expression and polar localization of vibrio cholerae chemotaxis cluster iii proteins in vitro and in vivo.	the diarrheal pathogen vibrio cholerae contains three gene clusters that encode chemotaxis-related proteins, but only cluster ii appears to be required for chemotaxis. here, we present the first characterization of v. cholerae's 'cluster iii' chemotaxis system. we found that cluster iii proteins assemble into foci at bacterial poles, like those formed by cluster ii proteins, but the two systems assemble independently and do not colocalize. cluster iii proteins are expressed in vitro during stati ...	2015	25989366
integrating small molecule signalling and h-ns antagonism in vibrio cholerae, a bacterium with two chromosomes.	h-ns is a well-established silencer of virulence gene transcription in the human pathogen vibrio cholerae. biofilm formation aids v. cholerae in colonizing both its host and its external environments, and h-ns silences biofilm gene expression. cyclic-di-guanosine monophosphate acts through the dna binding proteins vpsr and vpst to overcome h-ns-mediated repression of biofilm genes, driving a transition between a planktonic and a colonial/biofilm lifestyle. the h-ns binding pattern has now been c ...	2015	25988304
atp-association to intrabacterial nanotransportation system in vibrio cholerae.	vibrio cholerae colonizes the lumen of the proximal small intestine, which has an alkaline environment, and secretes cholera toxin (ct) through a type ii secretion machinery. v. cholerae possesses the intrabacterial nanotransportation system (ibnots) for transporting ct from the inner portion toward the peripheral portion of the cytoplasm, and this system is controlled by extrabacterial ph. association of atp with ibnots has not yet been examined in detail. in this study, we demonstrated by immu ...	2015	25986680
highly active and stable oxaloacetate decarboxylase na⁺ pump complex for structural analysis.	the oxaloacetate decarboxylase primary na(+) pump (oad) produces energy for the surviving of some pathogenic bacteria under anaerobic conditions. oad composes of three subunits: oad-α, a biotinylated soluble subunit and catalyzes the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate; oad-β, a transmembrane subunit and functions as a na(+) pump; and oad-γ, a single transmembrane α-helical anchor subunit and assembles oad-α/β/γ complex. the molecular mechanism of oad complex coupling the exothermic decarboxylation ...	2015	25986323
repression by h-ns of genes required for the biosynthesis of the vibrio cholerae biofilm matrix is modulated by the second messenger cyclic diguanylic acid.	expression of vibrio cholerae genes required for the biosynthesis of exopolysacchide (vps) and protein (rbm) components of the biofilm matrix is enhanced by cyclic diguanylate (c-di-gmp). in a previous study, we reported that the histone-like nucleoid structuring (h-ns) protein represses the transcription of vpsa, vpsl and vpst. here we demonstrate that the regulator vpst can disrupt repressive h-ns nucleoprotein complexes at the vpsa and vpsl promoters in the presence of c-di-gmp, while h-ns co ...	2015	25982817
dbdiasnp: an open-source knowledgebase of genetic polymorphisms and resistance genes related to diarrheal pathogens.	diarrhea is a highly common infection among children, responsible for significant morbidity and mortality rate worldwide. after pneumonia, diarrhea remains the second leading cause of neonatal deaths. numerous viral, bacterial, and parasitic enteric pathogens are associated with diarrhea. with increasing antibiotic resistance among enteric pathogens, there is an urgent need for global surveillance of the mutations and resistance genes primarily responsible for resistance to antibiotic treatment. ...	2015	25978092
complete genome assemblies for two single-chromosome vibrio cholerae isolates, strains 1154-74 (serogroup o49) and 10432-62 (serogroup o27).	here, we report the completed genome sequences for two non-o1/non-o139 vibrio cholerae isolates. each isolate has only a single chromosome, as opposed to the normal paradigm of two chromosomes found in all other v. cholerae isolates.	2015	25977434
a case of non-o1/non-o139 vibrio cholerae septicemia and meningitis in a neonate.	a case of septicemia with meningitis due to non-o1/non-o139 vibrio cholerae in a neonate is reported. the genotype and phenotype of the isolate were examined in relation to the major virulence genes. the isolate was shown to be non-toxin but cytotoxin-producing, distinguished from the dominant clone of non-o1/non-o139v. cholerae by multilocus sequence typing.	2015	25975654
a factor converting viable but nonculturable vibrio cholerae to a culturable state in eukaryotic cells is a human catalase.	in our previous work, we demonstrated that viable but nonculturable (vbnc) vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 were converted to culturable by coculture with eukaryotic cells. furthermore, we isolated a factor converting vbnc v. cholerae to culturable (fcvc) from a eukaryotic cell line, ht-29. in this study, we purified fcvc by successive column chromatographies comprising uno q-6 anion exchange, bio-scale cht2-1 hydroxyapatite, and superdex 200 10/300 gl. homogeneity of the purified fcvc was demonstrat ...	2015	25974870
classic reaction kinetics can explain complex patterns of antibiotic action.	finding optimal dosing strategies for treating bacterial infections is extremely difficult, and improving therapy requires costly and time-intensive experiments. to date, an incomplete mechanistic understanding of drug effects has limited our ability to make accurate quantitative predictions of drug-mediated bacterial killing and impeded the rational design of antibiotic treatment strategies. three poorly understood phenomena complicate predictions of antibiotic activity: post-antibiotic growth ...	2015	25972005
detection of vibrio cholerae by isothermal cross-priming amplification combined with nucleic acid detection strip analysis.	vibrio cholerae is a water- and food-borne human pathogen, and v. cholerae serotypes o1 and o139 have attracted attention because of their severe pathogenesis. however, non-o1, non-o139 cholera vibrios (ncvs) were also recently recognized as having virulence properties. in this study, we developed a cross-priming amplification (cpa) method for the detection of all serotypes of v. cholerae. the specificity of the cpa method was tested using a panel of 60 different bacterial strains. all of the v. ...	2015	25962828
chemical communication in the gut: effects of microbiota-generated metabolites on gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens.	gastrointestinal pathogens must overcome many obstacles in order to successfully colonize a host, not the least of which is the presence of the gut microbiota, the trillions of commensal microorganisms inhabiting mammals' digestive tracts, and their products. it is well established that a healthy gut microbiota provides its host with protection from numerous pathogens, including salmonella species, clostridium difficile, diarrheagenic escherichia coli, and vibrio cholerae. conversely, pathogenic ...	2015	25958185
a comparative study of bacterial and parasitic intestinal infections in india.	infectious diarrhea causes a major health problem in developing countries with significant morbidity and mortality. very often, rehydration therapy alone does not suffice, mandating the use of antimicrobial agents. however, rapidly decreasing antimicrobial susceptibility is complicating the matters.	2015	25954615
occurrence of vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio cholerae, and vibrio vulnificus in the aquacultural environments of taiwan.	the occurrence of vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio vulnificus, and vibrio cholerae in a total of 72 samples from six aquaculture ponds for groupers, milk fish, and tilapia in southern taiwan was examined by the membrane filtration and colony hybridization method. the halophilic v. parahaemolyticus was only recovered in seawater ponds, with a high isolation frequency of 86.1% and a mean density of 2.6 log cfu/g. v. cholerae was found in both the seawater and freshwater ponds but preferentially in ...	2015	25951392
saxs data based global shape analysis of trigger factor (tf) proteins from e. coli, v. cholerae, and p. frigidicola: resolving the debate on the nature of monomeric and dimeric forms.	dimerization of bacterial chaperone trigger factor (tf) is an inherent protein concentration based property which available biophysical characterization and crystal structures have kept debatable. we acquired small-angle x-ray scattering (saxs) intensity data from different tf homologues from escherichia coli (ectf), vibrio cholerae (vctf), and psychrobacter frigidicola (pftf) while varying each protein concentration. we found that ectf and vctf adopt a compact dimeric shape at higher concentrat ...	2015	25950744
recognition of human milk oligosaccharides by bacterial exotoxins.	the affinities of the most abundant oligosaccharides found in human milk for four bacterial exotoxins (from vibrio cholerae and pathogenic escherichia coli) were quantified for the first time. association constants (ka) for a library of 20 human milk oligosaccharides (hmos) binding to shiga toxin type 2 holotoxin (stx2) and the b subunit homopentamers of cholera toxin, heat-labile toxin and shiga toxin type 1 (ctb5, hltb5 and stx1b5) were measured at 25°c and ph 7 using the direct electrospray i ...	2015	25941008
type 3 secretion system island encoded proteins required for colonization by non-o1/non-o139 serogroup v. cholerae.	vibrio cholerae is a genetically diverse species, and pathogenic strains can encode different virulence factors that mediate colonization and secretory diarrhea. although the toxin co-regulated pilus (tcp) is the primary colonization factor in epidemic causing v. cholerae strains, other strains do not encode tcp and instead promote colonization via the activity of a type three secretion system (t3ss). using the infant mouse model and t3ss-positive o39 serogroup strain am-19226, we sought to dete ...	2015	25939511
comparative sequence- and structure-inspired drug design for pilf protein of neisseria meningitidis.	serogroup a of neisseria meningitidis is the organism responsible for causing epidemic diseases in developing countries by a pilus-mediated adhesion to human brain endothelial cells. type iv pilus assembly protein (pilf) associated with bacterial adhesion, aggregation, invasion, host cell signaling, surface motility, and natural transformation can be considered as a candidate for effective anti-meningococcal drug development. since the crystal structure of pilf was not available, in the present ...	2015	25928839
stereoselective syntheses of the conjugation-ready, downstream disaccharide and phosphorylated upstream, branched trisaccharide fragments of the o-ps of vibrio cholerae o139.	n-bromosuccinimide-mediated 4,6-o-benzylidene ring opening in 8-azido-3,6-dioxaoctyl 4,6-o-benzylidene-2-deoxy-2-trichloroacetamido-β-d-glucopyranoside afforded the corresponding 4-o-benzoyl-6-bromo-6-deoxy analogue, which was coupled with 3,4,6-tri-o-acetyl-2-o-benzyl-α-d-galactopyranosyl chloride to give the 1,2-cis α-linked disaccharide as the major product. conventional hydroxyl group manipulation in the latter and products of further conversions gave the desired, functionalized disaccharide ...	2015	25928584
[the application and epidemiological research of xtag gpp multiplex pcr in the diagnosis of infectious diarrhea].	to investigate the application value of xtag (®) gastrointestinal pathogen panel (xtag9(®) gpp) multiplex pcr in the early diagnosis of infectious diarrhea, and understand the epidemiology of intestinal diarrhea pathogens.	2015	25916780
gbpa as a novel qpcr target for the species-specific detection of vibrio cholerae o1, o139, non-o1/non-o139 in environmental, stool, and historical continuous plankton recorder samples.	the vibrio cholerae n-acetyl glucosamine-binding protein a (gbpa) is a chitin-binding protein involved in v. cholerae attachment to environmental chitin surfaces and human intestinal cells. we previously investigated the distribution and genetic variations of gbpa in a large collection of v. cholerae strains and found that the gene is consistently present and highly conserved in this species. primers and probe were designed from the gbpa sequence of v. cholerae and a new taq-based qpcr protocol ...	2015	25915771
tracking the elusive function of bacillus subtilis hfq.	rna-binding protein hfq is a key component of the adaptive responses of many proteobacterial species including escherichia coli, salmonella enterica and vibrio cholera. in these organisms, the importance of hfq largely stems from its participation to regulatory mechanisms involving small non-coding rnas. in contrast, the function of hfq in gram-positive bacteria has remained elusive and somewhat controversial. in the present study, we have further addressed this point by comparing growth phenoty ...	2015	25915524
whole-genome sequence comparisons reveal the evolution of vibrio cholerae o1.	the analysis of the whole-genome sequences of vibrio cholerae strains from previous and current cholera pandemics has demonstrated that genomic changes and alterations in phage ctx (particularly in the gene encoding the b subunit of cholera toxin) were major features in the evolution of v. cholerae. recent studies have revealed the genetic mechanisms in these bacteria by which new variants of v. cholerae are generated from type-specific strains; these mechanisms suggest that certain strains are ...	2015	25913612
two conserved amino acids of juxtaposed domains of a ribosomal maturation protein cgta sustain its optimal gtpase activity.	cgta is a highly conserved ribosome binding protein involved in ribosome biogenesis and associated with stringent response. it is a 55 kda gtpase protein consisting of gtpase, obg and c-terminal domains. the function of the latter two domains was not clear and despite the importance, the mode of action of cgta is still largely unknown. knocking out of cgta gene is lethal and mutations lead to growth, sporulation and developmental defects in bacteria. it was found that a growth defect and pinhole ...	2015	25912137
protonography, a powerful tool for analyzing the activity and the oligomeric state of the γ-carbonic anhydrase identified in the genome of porphyromonas gingivalis.	carbonic anhydrases (cas, ec 4.2.1.1) are metalloenzymes, mostly containing zinc within their active site, which catalyze a simple but physiologically relevant reaction in all life kingdoms, carbon dioxide hydration to bicarbonate and protons. six ca classes (α, β, γ, δ, ζ and η) and multiple ca isoforms evolved in organisms all over the phylogenetic tree, for facing the need to efficiently convert high amounts of co2 to its hydration products. these enzymes are thus involved in many physiologic ...	2015	25910585
spectrum of enteropathogens detected by the filmarray gi panel in a multicentre study of community-acquired gastroenteritis.	the european, multicentre, quarterly point-prevalence study of community-acquired diarrhoea (eucodi) analysed stool samples received at ten participating clinical microbiology laboratories (austria, finland, france, germany, greece, ireland, italy, portugal, romania, and the uk) in 2014. on four specified days, each local laboratory submitted samples from ≤20 consecutive patients to the austrian study centre for further testing with the filmarray gi panel (biofire diagnostics, salt lake city, ut ...	2015	25908431
giving structure to the biofilm matrix: an overview of individual strategies and emerging common themes.	biofilms are communities of microbial cells that underpin diverse processes including sewage bioremediation, plant growth promotion, chronic infections and industrial biofouling. the cells resident in the biofilm are encased within a self-produced exopolymeric matrix that commonly comprises lipids, proteins that frequently exhibit amyloid-like properties, edna and exopolysaccharides. this matrix fulfils a variety of functions for the community, from providing structural rigidity and protection f ...	2015	25907113
hybrid vibrio cholerae el tor lacking sxt identified as the cause of a cholera outbreak in the philippines.	cholera continues to be a global threat, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. in 2011, a cholera outbreak occurred in palawan, philippines, affecting more than 500 people, and 20 individuals died. vibrio cholerae o1 was confirmed as the etiological agent. source attribution is critical in cholera outbreaks for proper management of the disease, as well as to control spread. in this study, three v. cholerae o1 isolates from a philippines cholera outbreak were sequenced and their genomes ana ...	2015	25900650
antimicrobial drug resistance of vibrio cholerae, democratic republic of the congo.	we analyzed 1,093 vibrio cholerae isolates from the democratic republic of the congo during 1997-2012 and found increasing antimicrobial drug resistance over time. our study also demonstrated that the 2011-2012 epidemic was caused by an el tor variant clonal complex with a single antimicrobial drug susceptibility profile.	2015	25897570
comprehensive functional analysis of the 18 vibrio cholerae n16961 toxin-antitoxin systems substantiates their role in stabilizing the superintegron.	the role of chromosomal toxin-antitoxin (ta) systems, which are ubiquitous within the genomes of free-living bacteria, is still debated. we have scanned the vibrio cholerae n16961 genome for class 2 ta genes and identified 18 gene pair candidates. interestingly, all but one are located in the chromosome 2 superintegron (si). the single ta found outside the si is located on chromosome 1 and is related to the well-characterized hipab family, which is known to play a role in antibiotic persistence. ...	2015	25897030
living in the matrix: assembly and control of vibrio cholerae biofilms.	nearly all bacteria form biofilms as a strategy for survival and persistence. biofilms are associated with biotic and abiotic surfaces and are composed of aggregates of cells that are encased by a self-produced or acquired extracellular matrix. vibrio cholerae has been studied as a model organism for understanding biofilm formation in environmental pathogens, as it spends much of its life cycle outside of the human host in the aquatic environment. given the important role of biofilm formation in ...	2015	25895940
multidrug resistant vibrio cholerae o1 from clinical and environmental samples in kathmandu city.	cholera, an infectious disease caused by vibrio cholerae, is a major public health problem and is a particularly burden in developing countries including nepal. although the recent worldwide outbreaks of cholera have been due to v. cholerae el tor, the classical biotypes are still predominant in nepal. serogroup o1 of the v. cholerae classical biotype was the primary cause of a cholera outbreak in kathmandu in 2012. thus, this study was designed to know serotypes and biotypes of v. cholerae stra ...	2015	25888391
the vieb auxiliary protein negatively regulates the viesa signal transduction system in vibrio cholerae.	vibrio cholerae is a facultative pathogen that lives in the aquatic environment and the human host. the ability of v. cholerae to monitor environmental changes as it transitions between these diverse environments is vital to its pathogenic lifestyle. one way v. cholerae senses changing external stimuli is through the three-component signal transduction system, viesab, which is encoded by the viesab operon. the viesab system plays a role in the inverse regulation of biofilm and virulence genes by ...	2015	25887601
evaluation of the medicinal properties of cyrtocarpa procera kunth fruit extracts.	the fruit of cyrtocarpa procera is used to treat stomach diseases by people living in san rafael, coxcatlan, puebla. this work investigated the antibacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities of the fruit produced by this species.	2015	25887560
endopeptidase-mediated beta lactam tolerance.	in many bacteria, inhibition of cell wall synthesis leads to cell death and lysis. the pathways and enzymes that mediate cell lysis after exposure to cell wall-acting antibiotics (e.g. beta lactams) are incompletely understood, but the activities of enzymes that degrade the cell wall ('autolysins') are thought to be critical. here, we report that vibrio cholerae, the cholera pathogen, is tolerant to antibiotics targeting cell wall synthesis. in response to a wide variety of cell wall--acting ant ...	2015	25884840
antibacterial and antispasmodic activities of a dichloromethane fraction of an ethanol extract of stem bark of piliostigma reticulatum.	this study presents the antispasmodic and antibacterial properties of an ethanol extract and fractions the of stem bark of piliostigma reticulatum.	2017	25883517