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a microbiological study of anterior nasal packs in epistaxis.bleeding per nose is one of the comnonest ailment encountered by each and every otolaryngologvst since hemostasis is immediate concern, anterior nasal pressure pack is put and is usually allowed to remain for 24-72 hours. blood soaked pack and raw mucosal surface are good media for bacterial multiplication resulting in infection including sinusitis and sometimes toxic shock syndromes.present study is conducted to work out bacterial flora of anterior nasal pack and effect of svstemic antibiotics ...199923119483
crystal structures of lysine-preferred racemases, the non-antibiotic selectable markers for transgenic plants.lysine racemase, a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (plp)-dependent amino acid racemase that catalyzes the interconversion of lysine enantiomers, is valuable to serve as a novel non-antibiotic selectable marker in the generation of transgenic plants. here, we have determined the first crystal structure of a lysine racemase (lyr) from proteus mirabilis bcrc10725, which shows the highest activity toward lysine and weaker activity towards arginine. in addition, we establish the first broad-specificity amino ...201223118975
1-alkyl-(n,n-dimethylamino)pyridinium bromides: inhibitory effect on virulence factors of candida albicans and on the growth of bacterial pathogens.a homologous series of 1-alkyl-(n,n-dimethylamino)pyridinium bromides, termed compounds 1-11, was synthesized and studied for antibacterial and antifungal activity. of these, compound 8, containing a ten-carbon alkyl chain, showed maximum inhibition against all the tested bacterial strains. the highest antibacterial activity using a disc diffusion method was recorded against mycobacterium smegmatis [zone of inhibition (zoi): 45.75±0.25 mm], followed by escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, vibrio ...201323118472
proteolytic activity by multiple bacterial species isolated from chronic venous leg ulcers degrades matrix substrates.a major feature of chronic wounds is the loss of tissue, with the exposure of dermal components preventing primary closure and leading to bacterial colonization. bacterial colonization has been proposed as one of the common underlying pathologies present in chronic wounds. the objective of this exploratory study was to identify bacteria cultured from chronic venous leg ulcers and test for proteolytic activity that degrades matrix substrates.201323118301
antibiofilm activity of dendrophthoe falcata against different bacterial pathogens.dendrophthoe falcata is a hemiparasitic plant commonly used for ailments such as ulcers, asthma, impotence, paralysis, skin diseases, menstrual troubles, pulmonary tuberculosis, and wounds. in this context, the validations of the traditional claim that the leaf extract of d. falcata possesses antibiofilm and anti-quorum sensing activity against different bacterial pathogens were assessed. the bacterial biofilms were quantified by crystal violet staining. among the 17 bacterial pathogens screened ...201223115018
anaerobic respiration using a complete oxidative tca cycle drives multicellular swarming in proteus mirabilis.proteus mirabilis rapidly migrates across surfaces using a periodic developmental process of differentiation alternating between short swimmer cells and elongated hyperflagellated swarmer cells. to undergo this vigorous flagellum-mediated motility, bacteria must generate a substantial proton gradient across their cytoplasmic membranes by using available energy pathways. we sought to identify the link between energy pathways and swarming differentiation by examining the behavior of defined centra ...201223111869
synthesis of monodispersed silver nanoparticles using hibiscus cannabinus leaf extract and its antimicrobial activity.synthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaf extract of hibiscus cannabinus has been investigated. the influences of different concentration of h. cannabinus leaf extract, different metal ion concentration and different reaction time on the above cases on the synthesis of nanoparticles were evaluated. the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using uv-vis spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir), x-ray diffraction (xrd) and transmission electron microscopy (tem). the p ...201323103459
isolation of pathogenic bacteria from fomites in the operating rooms of a specialist hospital in kano, north-western nigeria.nosocomial infection constitute over 25% of infection rates in the hospital setting causing significant morbidity and mortality especially in developing countries. the aim of this study is to establish the possible presence of known bacteria pathogens on fomites in the operating theatre and evaluate their antibiotic susceptibility pattern.201223077711
foodborne pathogens recovered from ready-to-eat foods from roadside cafeterias and retail outlets in alice, eastern cape province, south africa: public health implications.this study assessed the microbiological quality of various ready-to-eat foods sold in alice, south africa. microbiological analysis was conducted on 252 samples which included vegetables, potatoes, rice, pies, beef and chicken stew. the isolates were identified using biochemical tests and the api 20e, api 20ne and api listeria kits; results were analyzed using the one-way-anova test. bacterial growth was present in all the food types tested; high levels of total aerobic count were observed in ve ...201223066386
risk factors and clinical impact of levofloxacin or cefazolin nonsusceptibility or esbl production among uropathogens in adults with community-onset urinary tract infections.gram-negative bacilli causing community-onset urinary tract infections (coutis) are getting increasingly resistant to antimicrobial agents. clinical significance and risk factors of the acquisition of antimicrobial-nonsusceptible pathogens are still under investigation.201423063776
bacteriuria and safety of female urodynamic studies.our aim was to study the incidence of bacteriuria after urodynamic studies (uds) and prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria before uds.201323052627
discrimination of selected species of pathogenic bacteria using near-infrared raman spectroscopy and principal components analysis.abstract. a method, based on raman spectroscopy, for identification of different microorganisms involved in bacterial urinary tract infections has been proposed. spectra were collected from different bacterial colonies (gram-negative: escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterobacter cloacae, and gram-positive: staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus spp.), grown on culture medium (agar), using a raman spectrometer with a fiber raman probe (830 nm ...201223052563
changes in peptidoglycan structure and metabolism during differentiation of proteus mirabilis into swarmer cells.the o-acetylation of peptidoglycan in gram-negative bacteria occurs specifically at the c-6 hydroxyl group of muramoyl residues. the level of peptidoglycan o-acetylation was found to decrease from 51% to 29% upon differentiation of proteus mirabilis vegetative cells to swarmers. this decrease was accompanied by a change in the muropeptide composition of the peptidoglycan. in particular, the content of anhydromuropeptides increased, while the amount of lys-lys-muropeptides arising from bound lipo ...201223051614
merging mythology and morphology: the multifaceted lifestyle of proteus mirabilis.proteus mirabilis, named for the greek god who changed shape to avoid capture, has fascinated microbiologists for more than a century with its unique swarming differentiation, dienes line formation and potent urease activity. transcriptome profiling during both host infection and swarming motility, coupled with the availability of the complete genome sequence for p. mirabilis, has revealed the occurrence of interbacterial competition and killing through a type vi secretion system, and the recipr ...201223042564
the effect of a wound care solution containing polyhexanide and betaine on bacterial counts: results of an in vitro study .polyhexanide and betaine topical solution is used in the management of infected wounds as a cleaning agent. an in vitro study was conducted to examine the antimicrobial effects of a solution containing 0.1% of the antimicrobial agent polyhexanide and 0.1% of the surfactant betaine. three batches of each product were tested, and culture results of 13 microorganisms were evaluated after 7, 14, and 28 days using usp <51> methodology. growth reduction was identical at each day following exposure to ...201223037330
impact of ph on activity of trimethoprim, fosfomycin, amikacin, colistin and ertapenem in human urine.although major impairment of activity at lower ph values has been reported for fluoroquinolones, acidification is a widely recommended practice for the prophylaxis and treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (utis). until now, there is little evidence for the influence of ph on the activity on other antimicrobial classes in urine.201223037005
the relative importance of staphylococcus saprophyticus as a urinary tract pathogen: distribution of bacteria among urinary samples analysed during 1 year at a major swedish laboratory.to determine the distribution of urinary tract pathogens with focus on staphylococcus saprophyticus and analyse the seasonality, antibiotic susceptibility, and gender and age distributions in a large swedish cohort. s. saprophyticus is considered an important causative agent of urinary tract infection (uti) in young women, and some earlier studies have reported up to approximately 40% of utis in this patient group being caused by s. saprophyticus. we hypothesized that this may be true only in ve ...201323030816
integrons, β-lactamase and qnr genes in multidrug resistant clinical isolates of proteus mirabilis and p. vulgaris.thirty-three isolates of proteus mirabilis and two p. vulgaris were examined for their antimicrobial resistance, the presence of integrons with regard to gene cassette content, and genetic determinants of β-lactam and low-level quinolone resistance. integrons were detected in 23 (69.7%) p. mirabilis isolates; six (18.2%) of them had class 1 integrons, 11 (33.3%) possessed class 2 integrons and six (18.2%) carried integrons of both classes. one p. vulgaris strain possessed class 1 and class 2 int ...201223030307
10'(z),13'(e)-heptadecadienylhydroquinone inhibits swarming and virulence factors and increases polymyxin b susceptibility in proteus mirabilis.in this study, we demonstrated that 10'(z), 13'(e)-heptadecadienylhydroquinone (hq17-2), isolated from the lacquer tree, could decrease swarming motility and hemolysin activity but increase polymyxin b (pb) susceptibilityof proteus mirabilis which is intrinsically highly-resistant to pb. the increased pb susceptibility induced by hq17-2 was also observed in clinical isolates and biofilm-grown cells. hq17-2 could inhibit swarming in the wild-type and rppa mutant but not in the rcsb mutant, indica ...201223029100
emergence of resistance to fluoroquinolones among gram positive and gram negative clinical isolates.fluoroquinolones are broad-spectrum antibiotics that are considered as first line drugs to treat infectious diseases. in order to find out useful fluoroquinolones, the antibiotic resistance of fluoroquinolones, namely, ofloxacin (ofl), ciprofloxacin (cip), norfloxacin (nrf), enoxacin (enx), pefloxacin (pfl) and levofloxacin (lvf) was investigated against ninety five clinical isolates that includes staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae and proteus mirabilis. in vitr ...201223010009
cefditoren: comparative efficacy with other antimicrobials and risk factors for resistance in clinical isolates causing utis in outpatients.to investigate a possible role of cefditoren, a recently marketed in greece third-generation oral cephalosporin in urinary infections of outpatients.201223009290
[randomized comparative study for the assessment of a new therapeutic schedule of fosfomycin trometamol in postmenopausal women with uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection].to compare two therapeutic regimes in terms of bacterial eradication of post-menopausal with uncomplicated acute cystitis who complete antibiotic treatment.201322995326
membrane interaction and secondary structure of de novo designed arginine-and tryptophan peptides with dual function.cell-penetrating peptides and antimicrobial peptides are two classes of positively charged membrane active peptides with several properties in common. the challenge is to combine knowledge about the membrane interaction mechanisms and structural properties of the two classes to design peptides with membrane-specific actions, useful either as transporters of cargo or as antibacterial substances. membrane active peptides are commonly rich in arginine and tryptophan. we have previously designed a s ...201222989747
emphysematous pyelonephritis in a patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.emphysematous pyelonephritis (epn) is a rapidly progressive and life-threatening infection that is seen most commonly in persons with diabetes. the infecting organisms usually consist of mixed flora, including escherichia coli (68%), klebsiella pneumoniae (9%) and proteus mirabilis. females are affected twice as often as men, and mortality rates can be as high as 80%. obstructive uropathy, urinary calculi, calyceal stenosis and neoplasms are significant predisposing factors. we report a case of ...201222982922
expression of the disa amino acid decarboxylase from proteus mirabilis inhibits motility and class 2 flagellar gene expression in escherichia coli.in proteus mirabilis, a putative phenylalanine decarboxylase (disa) acts in a regulatory pathway to inhibit class 2 flagellar gene expression and motility. in this study, we demonstrate that disa expression in escherichia coli blocked motility and resulted in a 50-fold decrease in the expression of class 2 (flia) and class 3 (flic) flagellar genes. however, the expression of flhdc encoding the class 1 activator of the flagellar cascade was unchanged by disa expression at both the transcriptional ...201322982608
effects of sequential infections of caenorhabditis elegans with staphylococcus aureus and proteus mirabilis.caenorhabditis elegans can be used to study the dynamics of polymicrobial infections, specifically those between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. with c. elegans, proteus mirabilis acts as an opportunistic pathogen and does not kill this host. hence, in the present study, c. elegans was immunochallenged by pre-infecting it with the pathogen staphylococcus aureus in order to study the subsequent effect of p. mirabilis on the host. it was found that 12 hrs of s. aureus and 80 hrs of subse ...201222957781
prevalence and molecular epidemiology of acquired ampc β-lactamases and carbapenemases in enterobacteriaceae isolates from 35 hospitals in spain.the purpose of this investigation was to determine the prevalence of plasmid-mediated ampc (pampc) and carbapenemases in enterobacteriaceae collected from 35 hospitals in spain and to establish their epidemiological relationships. we conducted a prospective multi-centre study on pampc- or carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae isolates from clinical samples collected from february to july 2009. the strains suspected to carry pampc were resistant or showed intermediate susceptibility to co-am ...201322956023
regional outbreak of ctx-m-2 β-lactamase-producing proteus mirabilis in japan.proteus mirabilis is a common cause of urinary tract infection. wild-type p. mirabilis strains are usually susceptible to penicillins and cephalosporins, but occurrences of p. mirabilis producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls) have been recently reported. here, we surveyed the prevalence of cefotaxime resistance among p. mirabilis strains at seven different hospitals in kanagawa prefecture, japan, and investigated their molecular epidemiology to explain the mechanism of their spread. the ...201222935848
antibacterial effect of phosphates and polyphosphates with different chain length.the aim of this study was to monitor the antibacterial effect of seven phosphate salts on selected strains of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, which could be considered responsible for food-borne diseases (bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecalis, micrococcus luteus, staphylococcus aureus, citrobacter freundii, escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, salmonella enterica ser. enteritidis and pseudomonas aeruginosa). for these purposes, phosphates differing in chain length w ...201222934995
[screening and identification of a bacterium capable of converting daidzein to s-equol].to screen and identify a bacterium capable of converting daidzein to s-equol.201222934349
cellulosic ethanol production by recombinant cellulolytic bacteria harbouring pdc and adh ii genes of zymomonas mobilis.the ethanol fermenting genes such as pyruvate decarboxylase (pdc) and alcohol dehydrogenase ii (adh ii) were cloned from zymomonas mobilis and transformed into three different cellulolytic bacteria, namely enterobacter cloacae jv, proteus mirabilis jv and erwinia chrysanthemi and their cellulosic ethanol production capability was studied. recombinant e. cloacae jv was found to produce 4.5% and 3.5% (v/v) ethanol, respectively, when cmc and 4% naoh pretreated bagasse were used as substrates, wher ...201222919503
unique surface and internal structure of struvite crystals formed by proteus mirabilis.crystallization of struvite from artificial urine in the presence of proteus mirabilis microorganisms depends strongly on ph value. at small value of ph, struvite yields crystals of coffin-like habit with very specific structure. the analysis using scanning electron microscopy shows that the crystals possess well-defined faces, but higher magnifications show very specific structuration as if the crystals were built from small three-dimensional subunits. the possible role of microorganisms in the ...201222911018
the effect of plum juice on the prevention of struvite calculus formation in vitro.to evaluate the effect of plum juice on struvite calculus formation in vitro and to explore the effect of plum juice on urease-producing bacteria and urease activity. the compliance of available drugs is low for struvite calculus after surgical treatment and functional food may represent a good choice as an alternative therapy.201222900675
gram-negative bacterial infection in thigh abscess can migrate to distant burn depending on burn depth.sepsis remains the major cause of death in patients with major burn injuries. in the present investigation we evaluated the interaction between burn injuries of varying severity and preexisting distant infection. we used gram-negative bacteria (pseudomonas aeruginosa and proteus mirabilis) that were genetically engineered to be bioluminescent, which allowed for noninvasive, sequential optical imaging of the extent and severity of the infection. the bioluminescent bacteria migrated from subcutane ...201222899912
microbiological profile of orbital abscess.knowledge of the culture and sensitivity pattern is necessary, for the institution of appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy in orbital abscess.201422885199
antimicrobial activity of bioactive compounds and leaf extracts in jatropha tanjorensis.jatropha tanjorensis was investigated scientifically to generate evidence for the efficacies reported in traditional systems and the results are given here.201222884742
cross-reacting antibacterial auto-antibodies are produced within coronary atherosclerotic plaques of acute coronary syndrome patients.coronary atherosclerosis, the main condition predisposing to acute myocardial infarction, has an inflammatory component caused by stimuli that are yet unknown. we molecularly investigated the nature of the immune response within human coronary lesion in four coronary plaques obtained by endoluminal atherectomy from four patients. we constructed phage-display libraries containing the igg1/kappa antibody fragments produced by b-lymphocytes present in each plaque. by immunoaffinity, we selected fro ...201222879930
[bacteriological profile of chronic otitis media in the ent and neck surgery department at the ouagadougou university hospital center (burkina faso)].the specific germs that cause chronic otitis media determine the treatment necessary. the purpose of this study was to identify the pathogens involved in this disease and to determine the sensitivity of the antibiotics commonly used in order to improve treatment.201622868745
epidemiology and genetic characteristics of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacteria causing urinary tract infections in long-term care facilities.to assess risk factors for acquiring extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacteria (esbl+ gn) causing urinary tract infections (utis) in long-term care facilities (ltcfs).201222865381
bacteriological analysis of platelets and cases of septic reactions associated with transfusion of contaminated samples.for years, platelet transfusion therapy has been playing an important role in controlling patients with hematological and oncological diseases. however, platelet transfusion represents a serious risk for bacterial sepsis. this study aimed to verify the bacterial contamination index in platelet concentrates (pcs) obtained from the blood center of the state of rio grande do sul (hemorgs).201222842109
standardization of isothermal microcalorimetry in urinary tract infection detection by using artificial urine.isothermal microcalorimetry (imc) has recently been reported as a new method to rapidly detect urinary tract pathogens (utp). however, further application of microcalorimetry in the clinical setting requires a standardized procedure. an important step toward such standardization is to use a reproducible growth medium. in this study, we investigated the potential of artificial urine in combination with microcalorimetry for detection of common utp.201322832589
improved model systems for bacterial membranes from differing species: the importance of varying composition in pe/pg/cardiolipin ternary mixtures.steady-state fluorescence anisotropy and dynamic light scattering (dls) were used to determine the thermotropic properties of lipid systems that act as models for bacterial membranes of yersinia kristensenii and proteus mirabilis. lipid proportions of pe:pg:cl of 0.60:0.20:0.20 and 0.80:0.15:0.05, were used in order to mimic these two membranes respectively. we observed that the introduction of cardiolipin (cl) as a third lipid component of any pe:pg mixture, changes the system's properties cons ...201222830986
pyogenic sacroiliitis in children: two case reports.pyogenic sacroiliitis is rare and accounts for approximately 1-2% of osteoarticular infections in children. considerable delay between presentation and diagnosis is recognized. two cases of pyogenic sacroiliitis are described. the first case is a 28-month-old girl presented with acute onset of fever, pain in the left hip, and limpness. computed tomography (ct), bone scans, and magnetic resonance imaging (mri) of the pelvis showed characteristic findings of infectious sacroiliitis, and blood cult ...201222829838
evaluation of bacterial resistance to essential oils and antibiotics after exposure to oregano and cinnamon essential oils.essential oils (eos) are excellent antimicrobial agents sometimes used in active food packaging. this work studies the susceptibility of 48 clinical isolates and 12 reference strains of gram-negative bacilli to oregano essential oil, cinnamon essential oil, and combinations of both. furthermore, the tendency of the clinical isolates to develop resistance to these eos and to different antibiotics after sequential oregano or cinnamon exposure was studied. for this purpose, antibiotic susceptibilit ...201222827568
class 1 integron gene cassettes in multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria in southern china.non-duplicate multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (n=1447) isolated from january 2008 to december 2009 were investigated for the presence of integrons as well as characterisation of gene cassettes. among 825 strains carrying the class 1 integrase gene inti1, 461 gene cassette-positive isolates were found. thirty-eight distinct gene cassette arrays were identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) and dna sequencing analyses. in addition, several novel gene cassette arrays ...201222817917
incidence and risk factors for infection in oral cancer patients undergoing different treatments protocols.over the past decade, advances in cancer treatments have been counterbalanced by a rising number of immunosuppressed patients with a multitude of new risk factors for infection. hence, the aim of this study was to determine risk factors, infectious pathogens in blood and oral cavity of oral cancer patients undergoing different treatment procedures.201222817766
chemical constituents and antibacterial activity of the leaf essential oil of feronia limonia.the essential oil from the leaves of feronia limonia was extracted and the chemical constituents and antibacterial activity were studied. the gc and gc-ms analyses revealed that the leaf essential oil of f. limonia contained fourteen compounds representing about 98.4% of the total oil. the major chemical compounds identified were eudesma-4 (14).11-dine (46.3%), carvacrol (29.6%) and 1,5-cyclodecandine (13.4%). the essential oil was screened for its antibacterial activity against different clinic ...201022815575
development of an improved selective and differential medium for isolation of salmonella spp.we describe an improved selective, differential, and cost-effective medium, xa medium, which contains d-arabinose, to facilitate the selective isolation of salmonella spp. the sensitivity and the specificity of xa medium were compared to those of xylose lysine desoxycholate agar (xld) using stock cultures and naturally contaminated food samples. xa medium and xld were evaluated with a total of 82 salmonella and 69 non-salmonella stock cultures. of 82 strains of salmonella spp. tested, 76 produce ...201222814469
prevalence of extended spectrum beta lactamase (esbl) production in gram negative isolates from pyogenic infection in tertiary care hospital of eastern nepal.emergence of extended spectrum beta lactamase (esbl) producing isolates has important clinical and therapeutic implications. a high prevalence of esbl production among multidrug resistant gram negative isolates has been reported in literature from various clinical samples. since esbl detection is not done on a routine basis, its prevalence is not known till date. thus the present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of esbl production in gram negative isolates from pyogenic infection ...201122808812
[antimicrobial susceptibilityof clinical isolates of aerobic gram-negative bacteria in 2008].we determined mics of antibacterial agents against 1145 clinical strains of aerobic gram-negative bacteria (22 species) isolated at 16 japanese facilities in 2008. mics were determined using mostly broth microdilution method and antibacterial activity was assessed. strains producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbl) accounted for 3.8% of escherichia coli, 2.6% of klebsiella pneumoniae, 6.8% of klebsiella oxytoca, 5.5% of proteus mirabilis and 1.8% of proteus vulgaris. esbl produced strain ...201222808694
frequency of resistance and susceptible bacteria isolated from houseflies.in this study, we determine the vector competence of musca domestica with reference to the transmission of susceptible and resistance bacterial strains in hospitals and slaughter house in sanandaj city, west iran.201022808400
early strains of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar kentucky sequence type 198 from southeast asia harbor salmonella genomic island 1-j variants with a novel insertion sequence.salmonella genomic island 1 (sgi1) is a 43-kb integrative mobilizable element that harbors a great diversity of multidrug resistance gene clusters described in numerous salmonella enterica serovars and also in proteus mirabilis. the majority of sgi1 variants contain an in104-derivative complex class 1 integron inserted between resolvase gene res and open reading frame (orf) s044 in sgi1. recently, the international spread of ciprofloxacin-resistant s. enterica serovar kentucky sequence type 198 ...201222802251
changing antibiotic susceptibilities of community-acquired uropathogens in greece, 2005-2010.the purpose of this study was to determine the distribution and changes in the antibiotic susceptibilities of uropathogens isolated from adults with community-acquired urinary tract infections (ca-utis) in crete, greece, over a 6-year period.201322795650
spectrum and drug resistance of pathogens from patients with burns.microbial infection is an obstacle of burn treatment. however, little is known on what types of microbial infection dominate in the burn center and how the dynamic change of those microorganisms occurs during the past several years in china. we conducted a retrospective study of nosocomial infection (ni) in a large burn center to analyze the spectrum and antimicrobial resistance of microbial isolates from january 2003 to december 2010. we studied 989 isolates from 677 patients who had signs and ...201222795514
proteobacterial arfa peptides are synthesized from non-stop messenger rnas.the translation of non-stop mrna (which lack in-frame stop codons) represents a significant quality control problem for all organisms. in eubacteria, the transfer-messenger rna (tmrna) system facilitates recycling of stalled ribosomes from non-stop mrna in a process termed trans-translation or ribosome rescue. during rescue, the nascent chain is tagged with the tmrna-encoded ssra peptide, which promotes polypeptide degradation after release from the stalled ribosome. escherichia coli possesses a ...201222791716
type i and type ii mechanisms of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: an in vitro study on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (apdt) employs a non-toxic photosensitizer (ps) and visible light, which in the presence of oxygen produce reactive oxygen species (ros), such as singlet oxygen ((1) o(2), produced via type ii mechanism) and hydroxyl radical (ho(.), produced via type i mechanism). this study examined the relative contributions of (1) o(2) and ho(.) to apdt killing of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.201222760848
fluoroquinolone-resistant uncomplicated urinary tract infections, chinese herbal medicine may provide help.we assessed the effects of chinese herbs on the uncomplicated urinary tract infections (utis) in women caused by fluoroquinolone-resistant strains. a total of 56 pre-menopausal women with uncomplicated utis caused by fluoroquinolone-resistant strains were included. urine cultures were carried out. all organisms were proved to be fluoroquinolone-resistant at baseline. the patients were orally administrated chinese herbal concoction for ten days. chinese herbal concoction eradicated the primary pa ...201122754063
the presence of anti-lps antibodies and human serum activity against proteus mirabilis s/r forms in correlation with tlr4 (thr399ile) gene polymorphism in rheumatoid arthritis.proteus mirabilis strains are human pathogens responsible for urinary tract infections, which may also be involved in rheumatoid arthritis (ra).201222749779
antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of gram-negative bacilli isolated from patients with hepatobiliary infections in taiwan: results from the study for monitoring antimicrobial resistance trends (smart), 2006-2010.we investigated the trends in antimicrobial resistance among species of gram-negative bacilli isolated from patients with hepatobiliary tract infections in taiwan during the period 2006-2010 as part of the study for monitoring antimicrobial resistance trends (smart). during the study period, 1032 isolates of gram-negative bacilli that had been collected from patients with hepatobiliary infections were tested for susceptibility to 12 antimicrobial agents in accordance with the clinical and labora ...201222749054
primary retroperitoneal abscess caused by candida glabrata.clinically, retroperitoneal abscesses present insidiously and the diagnosis may be delayed. this, with inadequate drainage, may result in increased morbidity and mortality. most cases result from a renal or gastrointestinal process, but in a small number of patients there is no identifiable source and the abscess is designated as "primary." most retroperitoneal abscesses are polymicrobial, and cultures often reveal organisms such as proteus mirabilis, staphylococcus species, peptostreptococcus, ...201222739567
[stones associated with vesicovaginal fistulas].to describe the clinical features and treatment of a large stone associated with vesicovaginal fistula and analyze the contributing factors.201222732647
extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae: in vitro susceptibility to fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin and tigecycline.to assess the susceptibility trends of community-acquired extended-spectrum β-iactamase (esbl)-producing urinary isolates with particular reference to fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin and tigecycline.201222722224
bladder stones in catheterized spinal cord-injured patients in nigeria.the objective was to determine the incidence of bladder stones in patients with spinal cord injury (sci) and to assess if catheter encrustation or positive urinary culture of proteus mirabilis is predictive of bladder stones.201622718163
report: studies on antibacterial activity of some traditional medicinal plants used in folk medicine.ethanolic extracts of eight medicinal plants commonly used in folk medicine were tested for their antibacterial activity against four gram positive strains (bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis and, streptococcus pneumoniae) and six gram negative strains (escherichia coli, proteus vulgaris, proteus mirabilis. salmonella typhi para a, salmonella typhi para b and shigella dysenteriae) that were obtained from different pathological laboratories located in karachi, pa ...201222713958
evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of flavonoids of withania somnifera l.in the present study antimicrobial activity of withania somnifera l. dunal (solanaceae) has been evaluated against selected pathogens. free and bound flavonoids of different parts (root, stem, leaf and fruit) of w. somnifera have been studied for their antimicrobial activity using disc diffusion assay against three gram negative bacteria (escherichia coli mtcc 46, proteus mirabilis mtcc 3310 and pseudomonas aeruginosa mtcc 1934), one gram positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus mtcc 3160) and t ...201122707839
evaluation of a double synergy differential test (dsdt) for differential detection of esbl and ampc-type β-lactamases in escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae and proteus mirabilis.this work describes a simple and practical double synergy differential test (dsdt) that couples the detection of esbls and ampc-type enzymes by means of a combo-disk approach using cefotaxime and ceftazidime as indicator substrates, and clavulanate and boronic acid as enzyme inhibitors. the dsdt was tested with a collection of 118 escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae and proteus mirabilis strains with different beta-lactamase profiles, and proved to be highly sensitive and specific for the de ...201222707136
[plasmid-mediated ampc producing proteus mirabilis in the health care area of santiago de compostela: molecular and epidemiological analysis by rep-pcr and maldi-tof].proteus mirabilis is an important pathogen isolated from both community-acquired and health-care associated infections. acquired ampc-type beta-lactamases represent an important mechanism of resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and are emerging in several european countries. the objective of this work was to know the prevalence of acquired ampc beta-lactamase producing p. mirabilis over the last three years and eight months and their clonal relationships comparing maldi-tof and automat ...201222707100
epidemiology and genetics of ctx-m extended-spectrum β-lactamases in gram-negative bacteria.ctx-m enzymes, the plasmid-mediated cefotaximases, constitute a rapidly growing family of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls) with significant clinical impact. ctx-ms are found in at least 26 bacterial species, particularly in escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae and proteus mirabilis. at least 109 members in ctx-m family are identified and can be divided into seven clusters based on their phylogeny. ctx-m-15 and ctx-m-14 are the most dominant variants. chromosome-encoded intrinsic cefotax ...201222697133
chromosomal blactx-m-₁₅ associated with isecp1 in proteus mirabilis and morganella morganii isolated at the military hospital of tunis, tunisia.this study investigated the genetic environment of bla(ctx-m) genes and associated resistance genes in seven proteus mirabilis and six morganella morganii extended spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-positive isolates. the isolates were recovered from hospitalized patients with respiratory or urinary tract infections at the military hospital of tunis, tunisia. twenty-one of the 200 strains exhibited non-susceptibility to third generation cephalosporins and, among these strains, the double-disk synergy t ...201222683657
[urinary tract nosocomial infections at the clinical centre in kragujevac].urinary tract infections are the most frequent hospital infections and account for about 40% of total hospital infections. the main risk factor for their development is the use of catheters.201222650105
gender and age-dependent etiology of community-acquired urinary tract infections.urinary tract infections (utis) are among the most frequent community-acquired infections worldwide. escherichia coli is the most common uti pathogen although underlying host factors such as patients' age and gender may influence prevalence of causative agents. in this study, 61 273 consecutive urine samples received over a 22-month period from outpatients clinics of an urban area of north italy underwent microbiological culture with subsequent bacterial identification and antimicrobial suscepti ...201222629135
microwave-assisted solvent-free synthesis and in vitro antibacterial screening of quinoxalines and pyrido[2, 3b]pyrazines.we report herein the microwave assisted synthesis, without solvents and catalysts, of 6-substituted quinoxalines and 7-substituted pyrido[2,3b]pyrazines. the compounds were obtained in good yields and short reaction times using the mentioned procedure and two new structures are reported. a complete ¹h- and ¹³c-nmr assignment was performed using 1d and 2d-nmr. additionally, an in vitro screening was performed on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria using amoxicillin as positive reference. com ...201222628038
antimicrobial activity of wild mushroom extracts against clinical isolates resistant to different antibiotics.this work aimed to screen the antimicrobial activity of aqueous methanolic extracts of 13 mushroom species, collected in bragança, against several clinical isolates obtained in hospital center of trás-os-montes and alto douro, portugal.201222621239
synergistic antibacterial activity of salvia officinalis and cichorium intybus extracts and antibiotics.synergistic activity of salvia officinalis and cichorium intybus extracts and commonly used antibiotics, amoxicillin and chloramphenicol, were evaluated. interactions between plant extracts and antibiotics were tested by checkerboard method and interpreted as fic index. staphylococcus aureus atcc 25923, escherichia coli atcc 25922, pseudomonas aeruginosa atcc 27853 and clinical isolates staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli and pr ...201322594260
comparison of the binding specificity of two bacterial metalloproteases, lasb of pseudomonas aeruginosa and zapa of proteus mirabilis, using n-alpha mercaptoamide template-based inhibitor analogues.the metalloproteases zapa of proteus mirabilis and lasb of pseudomonas aeruginosa are known to be virulence factors their respective opportunistic bacterial pathogens, and are members of the structurally related serralysin and thermolysin families of bacterial metalloproteases respectively. secreted at the site of infection, these proteases play a key role in the infection process, contributing to tissue destruction and processing of components of the host immune system. inhibition of these viru ...201222575503
comparative in vitro activity of sitafloxacin against bacteria isolated from thai patients with urinary tract infections and lower respiratory tract infections.to determine comparative in vitro activity of sitafloxacin against clinical isolates of bacteria from thai patients with urinary tract infection and those with lower respiratory tract infection.201222574524
proteus mirabilis urinary tract infection and bacteremia: risk factors, clinical presentation, and outcomes.proteus mirabilis is a common pathogen responsible for complicated urinary tract infections (utis) that sometimes causes bacteremia. most cases of p. mirabilis bacteremia originate from a uti; however, the risk factors for bacteremia and mortality rates from p. mirabilis uti have not been determined.201222572004
antibacterial activity of statins: a comparative study of atorvastatin, simvastatin, and rosuvastatin.statins have several effects beyond their well-known antihyperlipidemic activity, which include immunomodulatory, antioxidative and anticoagulant effects. in this study, we have tested the possible antimicrobial activity of statins against a range of standard bacterial strains and bacterial clinical isolates.201222564676
antibacterial activity of methanol extract of ruta chalapensis (l), quercus infectoria (oliver) and canthium parviflorum (lam).the present study aimed at evaluating the antibacterial activity of methanol extract of ruta chalapensis, l., (rutaceae), quercus infectoria oliver., (fagaceae) and canthium parviflorum lam., (rubiaceae) against staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterococcus faecalis, klebsiella oxytocoa, klebsiella pneumoniae and proteus mirabilis. the experiment was carried out using disc diffusion method. the results revealed that the methanol extract of aerial parts of ruta chalepensis (l) prese ...200922557348
preliminary phytochemical screening and antimicrobial studies on artocarpus lakoocha roxb.the antibacterial activity of artocarpus lakoocha roxb. bark was tested against different species of bacteria. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of the methanolic extract showed that there was no growth in shigella soneii 2, e.coli mtcc 1568, bacillus pumilus 8241, proteus mirabilis am 198, bacillus subtelis atcc 6633, e. coli row 7/12 species at 200-400g/ml. from the result obtained, it was observed that the methanolic extract of. artocarpus lakoocha at concentration of 200 gl ml and 4 ...200922557328
antibacterial activity of aegle marmelos against leaf, bark and fruit extracts.the antibacterial activity of the methanol, chloroform and aqueous extracts from the leaves, bark and fruit of a. marmelos was studied using disc diffusion method against bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus (gram positive), klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, escherichia coli, salmonella paratyphi a and salmonella paratyphi b (gram negative). results suggest that the methanolic extract has significant antibacterial activity against tested bacteria. the present study justifies the clai ...200822557272
antimicrobial action of the leaf extract of lagerstroemia parviflora roxb.the benzene extract of the leaves of lagerstroemia paviflora roxb was tested for its minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) against gram positive staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, klebsiella pneumoniae, streptococcus pneumoniae, lactobacillus arabinosus and gram negative strains e.coli, shigella dysenteriae, shigella sonnei, shigella boydii, salmonella typhimurium, proteus mirabilis and vibrio cholerae. further the zones of inhibition produced by the crude extract agains ...200222557054
antimicrobial activity of the mycotoxin citrinin obtained from the fungus penicillium citrinum.the mycotoxin citrinin was obtained from the fungus penicillium citrinum. it was tested for it's minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) against some gram positive strains viz. staphylococcus aureus, bacillus pumilus, bacillus subtillis, bacillus cereus, klebsiella pneumoniae, streptococcus pneumoniae, lactobacillus arabinosus and gram negative strains e.coli, shigella dysenteriae, shigella sonnei, shigella boydii, salmonella typhimurium, proteus mirabilis and vibrio cholerae. further the zones o ...200222557053
antimicrobial potency of the leaf - stalk extract of curcuma longa (linn).the methanolic extract of the leaf-stalk of curcuma longa linn, was tested for its minimum inhibitor concentration (mic) against gram positive-staphylococcus aureus, bacillus pumilus, bacillus subtilis, klebsiella pnemoniae, bacillus cereus, streptococcus pneumoniae, lactobacillus arabinosus and gram negative e.coli, shigella dysenteriae, shigella sonnei, shigella boydii, salmonella typhimurium, proteus mirabilis, and vibrio cholerae strains, further, the ones of inhibition produced by the crude ...200022557005
comparison of norfloxacin versus nalidixic acid in therapy of acute urinary tract infections.thirty-seven adult patients with acute urinary tract infections (uti) were randomized to receive either a seven day (lower uti) or a 14 day (upper uti) course of norfloxacin 400 mg orally twice daily, or nalidixic acid 1 g orally four times per day. mean age, underlying disease and infecting organisms were similar in the two groups. nine patients in the norfloxacin group and seven in the nalidixic acid group had presumptive evidence of upper uti. overall, 12 patients had antibody-coated bacteria ...199022553437
characterization of a transmissible plasmid encoding veb-1 and vim-1 in proteus mirabilis. 201222547621
virulence factors in proteus bacteria from biofilm communities of catheter-associated urinary tract infections.more than 40% of nosocomial infections are those of the urinary tract, most of these occurring in catheterized patients. bacterial colonization of the urinary tract and catheters results not only in infection, but also various complications, such as blockage of catheters with crystalline deposits of bacterial origin, generation of gravels and pyelonephritis. the diversity of the biofilm microbial community increases with duration of catheter emplacement. one of the most important pathogens in th ...201222533980
rapid and sensitive detection of major uropathogens in a single-pot multiplex pcr assay.urinary tract infection (uti) is among the most common bacterial infections and poses a significant healthcare burden. escherichia coli is the most common cause of uti accounting for up to 70 % and a variable contribution from proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa and klebsiella pneumoniae. to establish a complete diagnostic system, we have developed a single-tube multiplex pcr assay (mpcr) for the detection of the above-mentioned four major uropathogens. the sensitivity of the assay was fou ...201222526571
identification and molecular characterisation of new delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (ndm-1)- and ndm-6-producing enterobacteriaceae from new zealand hospitals.the global spread of new delhi metallo-β-lactamase (ndm) is of significant public health concern. this study sought to determine whether bla(ndm) was present in enterobacteriaceae isolates displaying resistance to carbapenems that were submitted to the national antibiotic reference laboratory, institute of environmental science and research (porirua, new zealand) during 2009 and 2010. isolates were tested for the presence of β-lactamase genes and 16s rrna methylase genes by polymerase chain reac ...201222526013
globally dispersed mobile drug-resistance genes in gram-negative bacterial isolates from patients with bloodstream infections in a us urban general hospital.mobile drug-resistance genes with identical nucleic acid sequences carried by multidrug-resistant escherichia coli strains that cause community-acquired infections are becomingly increasingly dispersed worldwide. over a 2-year period, we analysed gram-negative bacterial (gnb) pathogens from the blood of inpatients at an urban public hospital to determine what proportion of these isolates carried such globally dispersed drug-resistance genes. of 376 gnb isolates, 167 (44 %) were escherichia coli, ...201222493279
[diaper cystitis as recurrent cause of urinary infections in geriatric community hospital].chronic cystitis in diaper-dependent elderly patients can be a causative pathology for recurrent urinary tract infections (utis) in community hospitals.201222466781
extensive characterizations of bacteria isolated from catheterized urine and stone matrices in patients with nephrolithiasis.urinary tract infections are generally known to be associated with nephrolithiasis, particularly struvite stone, in which the most common microbe found is urea-splitting bacterium, i.e. proteus mirabilis. however, our observation indicated that it might not be the case of stone formers in thailand. we therefore extensively characterized microorganisms associated with all types of kidney stones.201222461670
multidrug-resistant proteus mirabilis bloodstream infections: risk factors and outcomes.our aims were to identify (i) risk factors associated with the acquisition of multidrug-resistant (mdr, to 3 or more classes of antimicrobials) proteus mirabilis isolates responsible for bloodstream infections (bsis) and (ii) the impact on mortality of such infections. risk factors for acquiring mdr p. mirabilis bsis were investigated in a case-case-control study; those associated with mortality were assessed by comparing survivors and nonsurvivors in a cohort study. the population consisted of ...201222450979
microbiological and mucociliary properties of the ethanol extract of hymenocardia acida on selected respiratory clinical isolates.the antimicrobial property of the ethanol leaf extract of hymenocardia acida (h. acida) on some opportunistic respiratory pathogens was evaluated in this study. we also assessed the activity of the extract on tracheal mucociliary activity using murine tracheal mucus exudation and mucociliary motility in pigeons as experimental models. phytochemical screening of the extract was done; and acute toxicity of the extract in mice was carried out using lorke's method for estimation of its median lethal ...201122432631
epidemiology of escherichia coli, klebsiella species, and proteus mirabilis strains producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases from clinical samples in the kinki region of japan.in the present study, nonduplicate, clinical isolates of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing escherichia coli, klebsiella spp, and proteus mirabilis were collected during a 10-year period from 2000 to 2009 at several hospitals in the kinki region, japan. the detection rate of e coli markedly increased from 0.24% to 7.25%. the detection rate of klebsiella pneumoniae increased from 0% to 2.44% and that of p mirabilis from 6.97% to 12.85%. the most frequently detected genotypes were the ...201222431539
semisynthesis and antimicrobial activity of novel guttiferone-a derivatives.six derivatives of guttiferone-a (lfqm-79, 80, 81, 82, 113 and 114) were synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against the opportunistic or pathogenic fungi candida albicans (atcc 09548), candida glabrata (atcc 90030), candida krusei (atcc 6258), candida parapsilosis (atcc 69548), candida tropicalis (atcc 750), cryptococcus neoformans (atcc 90012), trichophyton tonsurans, microsporum gypseum and also against the opportunistic and pathogenic gram-positive bacteria staphylococ ...201222401914
antimicrobial activity of terminalia arjuna wight & arn.: an ethnomedicinal plant against pathogens causing ear infection.ear infection is one of the common diseases occurring throughout the world. different etiological agents are responsible for ear infections.201222392241
in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility to isepamicin of 6,296 enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates collected at a tertiary care university hospital in greece.the reevaluation of "forgotten" antibiotics can identify new therapeutic options against extensively drug-resistant gram-negative pathogens. we sought to investigate isepamicin in this regard. we retrospectively evaluated the antimicrobial susceptibility to isepamicin of enterobacteriaceae sp. isolates from unique patients, collected at the microbiological laboratory of the university hospital of heraklion, crete, greece, from 2004 to 2009. susceptibility testing was done with the automated vite ...201222391548
discovery and characterization of coturnix chinensis avian β-defensin 10, with broad antibacterial activity.a novel avian β-defensin (avbd), avbd10, was discovered in the liver and bone marrow tissues from chinese painted quail (coturnix chinensis) in the present study. the complete nucleotide sequence of quail avbd10 contains a 207-bp open reading frame that encodes 68 amino acids. the quail avbd10 was expressed widely in all the tissues from quails except the tongue, crop, breast muscle, and thymus and was highly expressed in the bone marrow. in contrast to the expression pattern of avbd10 in tissue ...201222389044
bacteriology of infected burn wounds in the burn wards of a teaching hospital in southwest nigeria.burns are characterized by the loss of varying proportions of the protective layers of the skin, depression of immune responses, and increased wound susceptibility to infection. wound infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in burn cases. this study characterizes those factors that predispose burn wounds to infection and the bacteriology of the microorganisms in our environment.201322386976
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