Publications

evidence of rickettsia prowazekii infections in the united states.	from january 1976 through january 1979 serum specimens from 1,575 individuals were received at the center for disease control and tested for antibodies to rickettsiae. of these, sera from eight persons gave serological results indicative of recent infections with epidemic typhus rickettsiae (rickettsia prowazekii). five of the persons were from georgia, and one each was from tennessee, pennsylvania and massachusetts. the illnesses occurred during the winter, chiefly in persons living in a rural ...	1980	6154428
laboratory service for influenza and other respirovirus diseases.		1967	6020911
a chromosome survey of 2,400 normal newborn infants.		1969	5764778
first questions. presidential address. human factors society.		1968	5662637
dental asymmetry as an indicator of genetic and environmental conditions in human populations.		1970	5509692
spoke design for inpatient care. designing for nursing efficiency: a multidisciplinary evaluation.		1970	5494265
studies with inactivated influenza vaccines purified by zonal centrifugation. 2. efficacy.	high (3000 cca units) and standard low (300 cca units) doses of the monovalent purified vaccines described in an earlier paper were evaluated in a double-blind manner in 2 adult populations for protective effectiveness against illness caused by the hong kong influenza virus. epidemics in both populations occurred 4-6 weeks after single injections of vaccine were given.the attack rates among recipients of low or high doses of a2/japan vaccines in a prison were virtually identical to those among t ...	1969	5309468
a study of human aortic distensibility with relation to atherosclerosis and aging.		1971	5092609
hospital-associated infections.		1969	4980611
suicide in the aging. suicidal behavior in a 70-year-old man: a case report.		1973	4750469
temporal laws and medical ethics in conflict.		1973	4718042
the mental hospital in the era of human services.		1973	4714924
research on prisoners.		1973	4697951
large nematode larva from the abdominal cavity of a man in massachusetts.		1972	4635776
characterization of klebsiella isolates from natural receiving waters and comparison with human isolates.	two hundred sixty-six strains of klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from natural water sources in geographically diverse areas (florida, massachusetts, and oregon) were analyzed to determine the serotype, biochemical, virulence, and antimicrobial susceptibility differences between these natural strains and human klebsiella isolates. sixty of 72 defined serotypes were found among 210 typable strains. geographic patterns were present, but in general were not pronounced among serotypes. reactions with ...	1974	4607526
proceedings: epidemiology of human breast cancer.		1974	4600635
epidemics of anencephalus and spina bifida in ireland since 1900.		1973	4591345
joseph garland, m.d., 1893-1973. the man, his family and friends.		1973	4579335
excursions into epidemiology: selected studies during the past four decades at boston city hospital.		1973	4577976
physician extraordinary--a foe of man-made diseases.		1973	4572651
infection and antibiotic usage at boston city hospital: changes in prevalence during the decade 1964-1973.		1974	4544686
the manifestations of abnormal hemoglobins of man: hemoglobins m.		1974	4530672
babesiosis in man. sixth documented case.		1974	4412160
human influenza: aspects of the immune response to vaccination.		1969	4184389
maternal health and mongolism.	preliminary findings of an analysis of the occurrence of mongolism among 25,000 babies born in framingham, massachusetts, in the 12-year period from 1960-1971 are reported. during the 12 years, 31 mongoloid babies were born to residents, and 12 (39%) were born in the 2-year period of 1970 and 1971, with the rate of mongolism approaching 5/1000 births in 1971 despite an overall decline in the birth rate. maternal health factors and clinical tests of the offspring (karyotyping, x-ray, and photogra ...	1972	4114213
a course in human sexuality for the college student.	since 1967, 5000 students at albertus magnus, amherst, brown, dartmouth, mt. holyoke, smith, and the university of massachusetts have participated in a sex education course, "topics in human sexuality." the course format is shaped by critiques of past students. a series of 6-8 lectures, delivered by the authors, covers basic areas such as psychosexual development, interpersonal relationships, sexual response, pregnancy and birth, contraception, and abortion. the students have declared a desi ...	1971	4111063
influenza and neural-tube defects.		1971	4105702
measles infection and parkinson's disease.	a case-control analysis of parkinson's disease and infections in childhood was conducted in a cohort of 50,002 men who attended harvard college (cambridge, ma) or the university of pennsylvania (philadelphia, pa) between 1916 and 1950 and who were followed in adulthood for morbidity and mortality data. cases of parkinson's disease were identified from responses to mailed questionnaires and death certificates through 1978. four controls from the same population were selected for each case. a redu ...	1985	4061437
humanities in medical education: rationale and resources for the dissection laboratory.	dissection of a human body during an anatomy course raises for first-year medical students questions about invasion of privacy, cadaver sources, dying and death. emotions evoked are often heightened by the fear and uneasiness each student experiences when dissecting the body of a human being. providing curricular resources for identification and discussion of reactions to death and dissection early in the first year can demonstrate to students the humanity of having such reactions, and that thes ...	1985	4058336
cardiac surgery for adults with mental retardation. dilemmas in management.	in summary, cardiac surgery for adults with mental retardation raises a series of controversial legal, economic, ethical, medical, and nursing dilemmas. during the past 20 years, many improvements have taken place in the care of these patients. however, in the future, judicial and statutory mandates requiring high-quality medical care for persons with mental retardation may conflict increasingly with hospital cost-control legislation and thereby affect clinical decisions. for example, it is conc ...	1985	4050829
fetal research: the question in the states.	baron, a law professor, traces the history of state and federal regulation of fetal research from 1973 to 1983. he explores the dilemmas raised by research on fetuses, particularly aborted fetuses, and the aspects of fetal research that the federal regulations and state laws were enacted to control. while criticizing many of the states' actions for lack of uniformity and blanket prohibitions based on the status of the fetus or abortus, baron acknowledges that less-than-perfect legislation is t ...	1985	4008234
the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia among volunteers in the normative aging study.	this study describes the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia among 2,036 volunteers in the veterans administration normative aging study, a longitudinal study of human aging situated in boston. men were followed from enrollment in the study (between 1961 and 1970) until their last examination prior to may 15, 1982. two indications of benign prostatic hyperplasia were considered: 1) a clinical diagnosis made at a uniform physical examination, and 2) surgical treatment. incidence rates for ...	1985	3964994
salivary antibody responses to oral and parenteral vaccines in children.	salivary iga antibody to poliovirus and tetanus toxoid was measured in whole salivas of 151 children between 2 and 48 months of age from north america and from scandinavia. children from urban and suburban populations in the greater boston, ma, area receive both oral poliovaccine and a parenteral injection with tetanus toxoid (tt), initially at approximately 2 months of age. children from göteborg, sweden, initially receive parenteral injections of tt at 2 months of age and parenteral injections ...	1986	3958136
a population at risk. prevalence of high cholesterol levels in hypertensive patients in the framingham study.	in the framingham study, coronary heart disease developed in every fifth man and every 17th woman by the age of sixty. the level of total cholesterol proved to be an excellent predictor of coronary heart disease in those aged less than 50 years. however, in those aged over 50 years, more accurate predictors of coronary heart disease risk were serum lipoprotein measurements, including low-density lipoproteins, very-low-density lipoproteins, very-low-density lipoprotein triglycerides, and high-den ...	1986	3946458
pasteurized milk as a vehicle of infection in an outbreak of listeriosis.	between june 30th and august 30th, 1983, 49 patients in massachusetts acquired listeriosis. seven cases occurred in fetuses or infants and 42 in immunosuppressed adults; 14 patients (29 per cent) died. of 40 listeria monocytogenes isolates available for testing, 32 were serotype 4b. two case-control studies, one matching for neighborhood of residence and the other for underlying disease, revealed that the illness was strongly associated with drinking a specific brand of pasteurized whole or 2 pe ...	1985	3918263
the people vote on abortion funding: colorado and washington.	on election day 1984, colorado voters narrowly approved an amendment to the state constitution cutting off all public funds for abortion. that same election day saw an effort to end abortion funding in the state of washington fail decisively. in both states, the effort to terminate funding was led by antiabortion activists who sought to characterize the issue as an economic one. failure of the colorado taxpayers for choice to emphasize the economic impact of the amendment appears to have been ...	1985	3842805
'mental' in 'southie': individual, family, and community responses to psychosis in south boston.	the deinstitutionalization of psychiatric patients is a deeply cultural as well as political task. it entails the sharing of responsibility for human distress with family and community. consequently, the locus of social control has also shifted from psychiatric and medical expertise to community and legal institutions. diagnosis and treatment models must be more compatible with lay explanatory models. this paper explores the various meanings of "going 'mental"' and "being 'mental"' in the white, ...	1987	3829694
asymptomatic hyperuricemia. risks and consequences in the normative aging study.	to quantify the consequences of asymptomatic hyperuricemia, this study examined rates for a first episode of gouty arthritis based on 30,147 human-years of prospective observation. a cohort of 2,046 initially healthy men in the normative aging study was followed for 14.9 years with serial examinations and measurement of urate levels. with prior serum urate levels of 9 mg/dl or more, the annual incidence rate of gouty arthritis was 4.9 percent, compared with 0.5 percent for urate levels of 7.0 to ...	1987	3826098
a gravity model of human population structure.		1986	3804300
adolescent pregnancy: networking and the interdisciplinary approach.	the networking approach to providing needed services to pregnant and parenting teenagers has numerous merits. an historical overview of the formation of the brooklyn teen pregnancy network highlights service agency need for information and resource sharing, and improved client referral systems as key factors in the genesis of the network. the borough-wide approach and its spread as an agency model throughout new york city's other boroughs and several other northeastern cities is also attributed ...	1986	3745501
seasonal variation of transmission risk of lyme disease and human babesiosis.	the seasonal host-seeking pattern of nymphal ixodes dammini infected with babesia microti or borrelia burgdorferi was determined on nantucket island, massachusetts, during 1985. the peak period of host-seeking by infected nymphal i. dammini occurred in may and june. on a per person-hour basis, the number of infected ticks collected reached a maximum in may (babesia = 17.3; borrelia = 16.2). the number of infected ticks remained high in june, but decreased notably in july, august, and september. ...	1987	3687924
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: suggested protocol for counseling and screening in pregnancy.	the centers for disease control (cdc) has recorded 35,900 cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in the united states, including 2447 infected females, as of may 25, 1987. these cases include 503 children under the age of 13, of whom 80% were thought to have been affected through perinatal transmission. the prevalence of aids-related complex and human immunodeficiency virus in the united states is far greater than these numbers. the cdc has recommended screening those pregnant women ...	1987	3627591
envenomation by the sac spider chiracanthium mildei.	a 19-year-old man was abruptly awakened during the night by the painful bite of a female sac spider, later identified as chiracanthium mildei. an erythematous urticarial plaque formed immediately. later, punctate macules appeared, and the bite site became indurated. the clinical response was similar to those reported following bites by chiracanthium spiders in japan, australia, europe, massachusetts, georgia, indiana, california, and hawaii. the necrotic lesions associated with some of those bit ...	1987	3621996
[the man behind the syndrome: joe vincent meigs. history-making in the gynecology of the 20th century].		1986	3543566
putnam, merritt, and the discovery of dilantin.	in the first part of this essay, the "common wisdom" about putnam and merritt's contributions to the treatment of epilepsy was summarized (rowland, 1982). based on the history that has been presented here, how true are these "wisdoms"? putnam and merritt did devise "a simple and reliable method to test drugs of anticonvulsant effect" and they did show "that anticonvulsant effects in cats accurately predicted effects in humans," but others before them had done these same things. dilantin, contrar ...	1986	3527690
density-dependent migration and human population structure in historical massachusetts.	studies of population structure often focus on the effects of population size and migration rates on genetic variation. few studies, however, have investigated the relationship between these two factors. the purpose of this paper is to determine the extent to which migration (and gene flow) is density-dependent (that is, affected by population size) for populations in historical massachusetts. data from 4,859 marriage records were analyzed from four populations in north-central massachusetts dur ...	1986	3518482
behavioral risk factors for hiv infection among homosexual men at a boston community health center.	social and behavioral factors associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection were analyzed using cross-sectional data from homosexual and bisexual male clients of a boston community health center. partners from california, and a previous period of greater sexual activity (a "high period"), were independently associated with positive hiv antibody status, as were the frequency of receptive anogenital contact, both during the "high period" and during the last six months.	1988	3422139
human immunodeficiency virus infection in hemodialysis patients. baltimore-boston collaborative study group.	patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis receive multiple blood transfusions and, thus, are susceptible to infections transmitted through blood and blood products, including infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). to determine the prevalence of antibody to hiv among patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis in baltimore and boston in 1985, we conducted a cross-sectional seroprevalence study. repeatedly enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa)-positive serum samples were tested by west ...	1988	3341863
'scientists' summer camp' turns to sea for answers to human biologic questions.		1988	3294453
seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus among childbearing women. estimation by testing samples of blood from newborns.	attempts to predict the course of the epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) have been hampered by the lack of an objective, practical way to estimate the prevalence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in the general population. testing for the prevalence of hiv infection in women should be a sensitive means to track the epidemic and to study the potential for perinatal transmission. antibodies in maternal blood are contained in neonatal blood specimens routin ...	1988	3277055
high frequency of antimicrobial resistance in human fecal flora.	the frequency of resistance to seven different antimicrobial agents was examined in the aerobic gram-negative gut flora of over 600 individuals from hospitals, from laboratories where antibiotics were used, and from urban and rural communities. in a majority (62.5%) of fecal samples from people without a recent history of taking antibiotics, 10% or more of the total organisms were resistant to at least one of the antibiotics. in about 40% of the samples, resistance to more than one drug was pres ...	1988	3266729
the distribution of human c4 dna variants in relation to major histocompatibility complex alleles and extended haplotypes.	a c4 dna polymorphism that can subdivide c4 allotypes and major histocompatibility complex-linked complement gene cluster allele combinations (complotypes) that are not distinguishable by standard electrophoretic means was used to assess further the distribution and linkage association of c4 variants. segregation of the dna polymorphism in family studies allowed assignment of particular variants to particular major histocompatibility complex haplotypes. these studies revealed that some complotyp ...	1988	3163333
effects of hiv antibody test knowledge on subsequent sexual behaviors in a cohort of homosexually active men.	this study assesses the effects of hiv (human immunodeficiency virus) antibody testing on subsequent (one year) sexual behavior among 270 homosexual men at a boston community health center, 21 per cent of whom were unaware of their test result. except for the number of steady partners, the levels of all sexual activities of all groups of study participants declined over time. no effects of test awareness of antibody status were found on protective behavior for receptive anogenital contact. elimi ...	1988	3162357
a 12-year audit of irb decisions.	institutional review boards (irbs) are inter-disciplinary committees mandated by the federal government to review all research protocols that involve human subjects developed in institutions receiving federal funds. the purpose of the irb is to protect those subjects from unnecessary risk or from risks that outweigh potential benefits. at boston city hospital, a study was conducted of the decision-making process of the hospital's irb over a 12-year period (from 1973-1984) to determine empiricall ...	1986	3085041
from wet nurse directory to milk bank: the delivery of human milk in boston, 1909-1927.		1988	3064835
frequency of 'chronic active epstein-barr virus infection' in a general medical practice.	twenty-one percent of 500 unselected patients, aged 17 to 50 years, seeking primary care for any reason were found to be suffering from a chronic fatigue syndrome consistent with "chronic active epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection," they had been experiencing "severe" fatigue, usually cyclic, for a median of 16 months (range, six to 458 months), associated with sore throat, myalgias, or headaches; 45% of the patients were periodically bedridden; and 25% to 73% reported recurrent cervical adenopat ...	1987	3033338
association of human t lymphotropic virus type iii antibodies with sexual and other behaviors in a cohort of homosexual men from boston with and without generalized lymphadenopathy.	forty asymptomatic homosexually active men seen at a boston community health center and 39 men with generalized lymphadenopathy were interviewed and filled out detailed epidemiologic questionnaires. twenty percent of the asymptomatic men and 92 percent of those with lymphadenopathy had antibodies to human t lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii). none of the men have subsequently had the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). seropositivity was associated with receptive anal intercourse and ...	1986	3006486
absence of antibodies to htlv-iii in health workers after hepatitis b vaccination.	a proportion of the plasma for the triply inactivated, plasma-derived hepatitis b vaccine produced in the united states is obtained from homosexual men. because homosexual men are a high-risk group for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), concern has emerged that the vaccine could harbor the aids agent. to evaluate this risk, we tested 15-month postvaccination serum samples for antibodies to human t-cell lymphotropic virus type iii in 100 health care workers who had received inactivate ...	1985	2991619
seroepidemiology of human t-lymphotropic virus type iii among homosexual men with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or generalized lymphadenopathy and among asymptomatic controls in boston.	we studied a cohort of 45 homosexual men with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, 78 with persistent unexplained generalized lymphadenopathy, and 160 asymptomatic homosexual controls for serologic evidence of infection with human t-lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii). study participants were recruited from a community-based health center and a university hospital practice. ninety-eight percent of men with the syndrome and greater than 90% of men with generalized lymphadenopathy had antibo ...	1985	2982305
risk of nosocomial infection with human t-cell lymphotropic virus iii (htlv-iii).	infection with human t-cell lymphotropic virus iii (htlv-iii) is closely linked to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). we evaluated the risk of nosocomial infection with htlv-iii by testing for antibodies to htlv-iii among hospital employees, including victims of needle-stick exposure, endoscopists, pathologists, and laboratory workers. assays for antibody against the virus were performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and electrophoretic (western blot) techniques. although all ...	1985	2981106
absence of spirochaetes (borrelia burgdorferi) and piroplasms (babesia microti) in deer ticks (ixodes dammini) parasitized by chalcid wasps (hunterellus hookeri).	an entomophagous wasp (hunterellus hookeri howard) parasitizes about a third of the host-seeking nymphal ixodes dammini spielman et al. ticks on naushon island in massachusetts (u.s.a.) where the agents of lyme disease (borrelia burgdorferi johnson et al.) and human babesiosis (babesia microti franca) are enzootic. following blood-feeding, wasp-parasitized ticks are destroyed by the developing wasp. the prevalence of either human pathogen in host-seeking ticks collected in wasp-infested sites is ...	1987	2979518
mycoplasma, chlamydia, epstein-barr, herpes i and ii, and aids infections among 100 consecutive infertile female patients and husbands: diagnosis, treatment, and results.	one hundred consecutive infertile patients were studied to determine the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases (stds) among middle and upper income patients, most of whom were referred as longstanding failures by other physicians. there were no cases of syphilis, gonorrhea, or aids found among these patients. one patient was pregnant when first seen, and was eliminated. genital mycoplasmas were cultured from 64 wives. antibodies for past or recent infection with chlamydia were present in on ...	1986	2898437
influence of season and latitude on the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin d3: exposure to winter sunlight in boston and edmonton will not promote vitamin d3 synthesis in human skin.	sunlight has long been recognized as a major provider of vitamin d for humans; radiation in the uvb (290-315 nm) portion of the solar spectrum photolyzes 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin to previtamin d3, which, in turn, is converted by a thermal process to vitamin d3. latitude and season affect both the quantity and quality of solar radiation reaching the earth's surface, especially in the uvb region of the spectrum, but little is known about how these influence the ability of sunlight to synth ...	1988	2839537
phenotypic and functional deficiency of natural killer cells in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.	natural killer (nk)3 cells are large granular lymphocytes that appear to play a significant role in the host's defense against viral infection. we performed an extensive phenotypic and functional characterization of nk cells on 41 patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs), or "chronic active epstein-barr virus infection" syndrome, and on 23 age- and sex-matched asymptomatic control subjects in an attempt to further characterize this illness. these studies demonstrated that a majority of p ...	1987	2824604
longitudinal findings from the normative aging study: 1. does mental health change with age?	longitudinal changes in self-reported symptoms were investigated using the cornell medical index (cmi) in a sample of 2,041 men. the average man completed 5 cmis (range = 2-8) over 17 (range = 2-25) years. using a two-stage growth model, we first regressed symptoms against time on study for each man. the average slope of physical symptoms showed a moderate increase over time, but the average slope of psychological symptoms showed little change. next, individual differences in change were examine ...	1989	2803623
occupational exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) among embalmers: a pilot seroprevalence study.	we performed a serosurvey of 133 embalmers in an urban area where human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is prevalent. although we found histories of needlesticks to be common, and the seropositivity rate of hepatitis b virus (hbv) (13%) was approximately twice that of a blood donor comparison group, hiv antibody was uniformly absent in 129 embalmers who denied hiv risk factors, and present in one of four with self-described risk behaviors. the risk of hbv infection was higher among embalm ...	1989	2782520
training basic scientists to bridge the gap between basic science and its application to human disease.		1989	2779621
review of human immunodeficiency virus infection in women in the united states.	in this review, available human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seroprevalence data are presented for united states women attending clinics related to reproductive health and for women in other settings. at family planning clinics, prenatal clinics, and in delivery room settings (cord blood testing), studies that have not targeted women at high risk for hiv infection have shown prevalence rates ranging from 0-4.3%. higher rates (greater than 1%) have been observed in more urban areas--newark, new y ...	1989	2682415
zoonotic brugia infections in north and south america.	nine new zoonotic brugia infections, 8 acquired in the united states and 1 in brazil, are described. in each, a single worm was found in histological sections of lymph nodes or lymphoid tissues. in those from north america, 5 of the 8 worms were females, all were infertile, and only 3 were alive at the time the tissues were excised; all of the patients were male. a dead female worm was collected from a brazilian male patient. in addition, 3 cases of filarial infections in the u.s., previously id ...	1989	2662786
a fifteen-year search for first-stage human ova.		1989	2642561
sunlight regulates the cutaneous production of vitamin d3 by causing its photodegradation.	exposure to sunlight initiates the formation of vitamin d3 in skin as the uv b radiation in the solar spectrum causes the photoconversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to previtamin d3. a heat-induced isomerization then converts previtamin d3 to vitamin d3 over a period of days. a number of irradiation products of vitamin d3 are known to form upon irradiation with high intensity uv radiation, but the effect of subsequent exposures to sunlight on the vitamin d3 formed in skin is not known. to investiga ...	1989	2541158
genetic characterization of clones of the bacterium listeria monocytogenes causing epidemic disease.	one hundred and seventy-five isolates of the pathogenic bacterium listeria monocytogenes recovered from human clinical (blood and cerebrospinal fluid), animal, and environmental sources in europe, north america, and elsewhere were analyzed electrophoretically for allelic variation at 16 genetic loci encoding metabolic enzymes. forty-five distinctive allele profiles (electrophoretic types, ets) were distinguished, among which mean genetic diversity per locus (h) was 0.424. cluster analysis of a m ...	1989	2498876
enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis: importation from mexico to massachusetts.		1989	2496311
comparative prevalence of babesia microti and borrelia burgdorferi in four populations of ixodes dammini in eastern massachusetts.	we determined the prevalence of babesia microti and borrelia burgdorferi in four populations of ixodes dammini in eastern massachusetts. the feulgen's reaction was more sensitive than the giemsa method for detecting salivarian babesia. a combination of darkfield and direct-fluorescent-antibody examination proved more sensitive than either method alone for detecting spirochetal infection. the prevalence of spirochetes was greater than the prevalence of babesia in each of the tick populations stud ...	1986	2430433
demographic characteristics, risk behaviors, and hiv seroprevalence among intravenous drug users by site of contact: results from a community-wide hiv surveillance project.	we investigated differences in behaviors important for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) transmission and hiv antibody status among 927 recent needle users enrolled in a multi-site hiv surveillance project in worcester, massachusetts. subjects were enrolled at drug abuse treatment centers reported less risky injection practices unexplained by demographic variables. risky sexual practices were in general reported more frequently by men at the jail than men at other sites. however, hiv status sho ...	1990	2382742
hiv testing: the legal balance between individual and societal rights.	testing for the presence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibodies creates a legal conflict between the individual's right to autonomy and privacy versus society's right to control the public health. a body of laws exists to address these conflicting rights. these laws, however, must evolve so as to strike a better balance between what society has a right to know and the individual's right to personal autonomy and privacy. appropriate statutes should recognize that a legitimate need may a ...	1990	2315775
beliefs about aids, use of alcohol and drugs, and unprotected sex among massachusetts adolescents.	in august 1988, 1,773 massachusetts 16-19-year-olds were surveyed by telephone using anonymous random digit dialing; response rate 82 percent. logistic regression tested whether alcohol and drug use, perceived susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), severity of hiv if infected, effectiveness of condoms in preventing infection, barriers to condom use, and behavioral cues such as exposure to media or personal communication about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) were independ ...	1990	2305908
regulations prohibiting abortion counseling held unconstitutional.	a federal appellate court for massachusetts has ruled that regulations prohibiting counseling or referrals for abortion services violate the constitutional right to reproductive choice. the regulations in question were promulgated under title x of the us public health service act. the regulations required pregnant women to be furnished with a list of providers who supported the welfare of the mother and the fetus, thus making the decision to abort more difficult and intruding upon pre- existin ...	1990	2304078
aids and college health: knowledge, threat, and prevention at a northeastern university.	we performed secondary analyses on data originally collected by telephone from a random sample of 294 undergraduates from a large northeastern university to examine students' knowledge about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and the students' reactions to the health threat posed by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). our findings indicated that students are reasonably well informed about aids, are aware of the recommended precautions for avoiding hiv infection, and are fearful that the v ...	1990	2299052
medicine court, ii: rivers in practice.	the authors conducted a retrospective study of the initial impact (1986-1987) of the rivers v. katz decision involving patients' right to refuse treatment at new york state's largest forensic psychiatric hospital. of 18 petitions submitted, 15 cases were adjudicated. all 15 patients were found incompetent, and all treatment plans submitted were approved by the court. most patients selected for rivers hearings were diagnosed as having chronic schizophrenia and/or were older than the hospital popu ...	1990	2293787
racial/ethnic differences in hiv-1 seroprevalence and risky behaviors among intravenous drug users in a multisite study.	differences in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) seroprevalence and patterns of drug-use and sexual behaviors were examined among hispanic, black, and white intravenous drug users recruited at multiple sites in worcester, massachusetts. a total of 1,092 (786 males, 306 females) intravenous drug users were interviewed, and hiv-1 antibody test results were available for 874 (80.0%). after adjustment for demographic differences, black males were significantly less likely to report risky d ...	1990	2239898
implementation of preventive services in an hmo practice.	practice does not conform to guidelines unless the guidelines are specifically implemented and performance is monitored. several examples of implementation in one health maintenance organization (hmo) are given. these include immunization for influenza and follow up of positive screening tests for colorectal and cervical cancer. each implementation effort has required the development of systems, which in this hmo are automated. several issues influencing implementation are discussed, including r ...	1990	2231053
seroprevalence of human t cell leukemia viruses in selected populations of homosexual men.	this study sought to define the seroprevalence of human t cell leukemia virus (htlv) types i and ii in selected populations of homosexual men. serum specimens were screened for antibodies to htlv and to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) by enzyme immunoassay; successive testing of specimens with positive results was done by western blotting and radioimmunoprecipitation assay (ripa) and then by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay on available peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc). of 1290 ...	1990	2230268
seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus in a state psychiatric institution.		1990	2222110
short-tailed shrews as reservoirs of the agents of lyme disease and human babesiosis.	to determine whether short-tailed shrews (blarina brevicauda) serve as reservoir hosts for the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi) and the agent of human babesiosis (babesia microti), we examined nymphal ticks that had fed as larvae on shrews collected from 3 enzootic sites in coastal massachusetts for evidence of infection by either or both of these agents. xenodiagnosis indicated that 11 of 14 shrews were infected by b. burgdorferi. one of 3 piroplasm-infected shrews also infected t ...	1990	2213411
long odyssey of babesiosis.	the history of babesiosis is traced from the discovery of the parasite in 1888, to its present endemic niche. the author uncovers clinical and epidemiological features of human babesiosis in a patient hospitalized in new jersey.	1990	2191250
bacteremia due to mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. a report of 9 cases and a review of the literature.	mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteremia is being reported more frequently in patients with human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (hiv-1) infection. we report 9 patients with bacteremia due to m. tuberculosis and hiv infection who were identified over a 36-month period. of the 9 patients studied, 8 were male, 8 were black, 6 were born in haiti, 3 were homeless, 2 were intravenous drug users, and 1 was homosexual. at the time of diagnosis, 3 patients had the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) ...	1990	2122171
risks of consumption of contaminated seafood: the quincy bay case study.	a recent epa-sponsored study of sediment and seafood contamination in quincy bay revealed elevated levels of several complex organic pollutants frequently of concern in human health assessments. a seafood consumption risk assessment was conducted using data from samples collected in quincy bay in the methodology developed for epa's office of marine and estuarine protection for such assessments. results showed estimated plausible, upperbound excess cancer risks in the 10(-5) to 10(-2) range. thes ...	1991	2050051
teaching medicine as a human experience: a patient-doctor relationship course for faculty and first-year medical students.	we developed a required, longitudinal course for first-year medical students that addressed the patient-doctor relationship. our course linked understanding patients' experiences and perspectives on illness with listening to, talking with, and establishing a rapport with patients while obtaining their medical histories. learning was enhanced by use of an interdisciplinary faculty and by small-group continuity and faculty mentoring. our curriculum adapted problem-based, self-directed educational ...	1991	1994796
dogs as sentinels for lyme disease in massachusetts.	an investigation of the relationship between incident human cases of lyme disease and seroprevalence of antibodies to b. burgdorferi in dogs was undertaken in order to determine whether dogs might serve as sentinels for lyme disease.	1991	1951802
a brugia species infecting rabbits in the northeastern united states.	brugia sp. microfilariae were observed in more than 60% of wild rabbits collected on nantucket island, massachusetts. the microfilariae measured 294-344 microns in length and had the characteristic subterminal and terminal nuclei observed in other brugia microfilariae. the microfilaria is similar to those described for brugia leporis in rabbits in louisiana. this may be the brugia species responsible for 21 documented cases of human infection in the northeastern united states.	1991	1919934
human exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls in greater new bedford, massachusetts: a prevalence study.	a study was conducted in the community of greater new bedford, massachusetts, from 1984 through 1987 to assess the prevalence of elevated levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) in the serum of individuals aged 18 to 64 years who had resided in the area for at least 5 years. eight hundred and forty subjects were interviewed, examined, and tested in a cross-sectional sample of the towns of acushnet, dartmouth, and fairhaven and the city of new bedford. serum pcbs were measured to estimate the ...	1991	1907125
influenza vaccination. are we doing better than we think?	patients who were candidates for influenza vaccination seen in the primary care center of a community teaching hospital were studied to determine whether there is a differential immunization rate depending on risk level. the immunization rate was as follows: moderate risk group, 44%; high risk group, 59%; and very high risk group, 81%. the immunization rate was also closely associated with the frequency of clinic visits, ranging from 34% for those with low visit frequency to 73% for those with h ...	1991	1888239
treating hard-to-treat tuberculosis patients in massachusetts.	for most patients with tuberculosis (tb), treatment has never been shorter or cure more certain than with current drug regimens. however, in massachusetts and elsewhere in the united states there is a growing minority of patients who are not easily cured with the best available outpatient regimens. close treatment supervision through culturally appropriate outreach workers has been successful for some foreign-born tb patients in whom therapy might otherwise fail. full supervision of outpatient t ...	1991	1810006
nontuberculous respiratory infections among the homeless.	in contrast to the extensive studies of pulmonary tuberculosis among homeless persons, virtually no data are available on nontuberculous respiratory infections in this population. this article reviews the literature on pulmonary infections and homelessness. the clinical experience of the boston health care for the homeless program is detailed, with emphasis on the role of multidisciplinary teams of physicians, nurses, and case workers in the integration of hospital- and shelter-based clinics nec ...	1991	1810003
characterization of a human milk factor that inhibits binding of hiv gp120 to its cd4 receptor.		1991	1809005
increasing resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics among clinical isolates of enterococcus faecium: a 22-year review at one institution.	to identify any change in the antibiotic resistance of enterococcus faecium, we examined the antibiotic susceptibilities of clinical strains (n = 84) isolated at one institution during the 22 years since 1968. a significant increase in resistance to penicillin was observed during the study period: the mics of penicillin for 50 and 90% of isolates tested were 16 and 64 micrograms/ml, respectively, from 1969 to 1988 (n = 48; geometric mean mic, 14 micrograms/ml) , whereas they were 256 and 512 mic ...	1991	1803989
knowledge about hiv and behavioral risks of foreign-born boston public school students.	in 1990, 3049 boston public middle and high school students were surveyed anonymously in english, spanish, vietnamese, chinese, french, or haitian creole. significantly fewer immigrant students, 35% of those surveyed, knew the principal modes of human immunodeficiency virus transmission. fewer immigrants reported having sexual intercourse (31% vs 53% of nonimmigrants), but among the sexually active only 38% always used condoms, and more immigrants reported intercourse with intravenous drug users ...	1991	1746662
parasitology screening of latin american children in a primary care clinic.	a screening program based in a massachusetts community hospital primary care clinic, which included 124 children from 12 different latin american countries, demonstrated that nearly 35% were carriers of pathogenic parasites. the large majority (83.7%) of these children were asymptomatic at the time of the examination. although there may be considerable variation based on country of origin, the present results, as well as a review of the literature, suggest this is likely to be a common finding a ...	1992	1734397
serial assessment of left ventricular function and mass after orthotopic heart transplantation: a 4-year longitudinal study.	long-term changes in left ventricular performance and geometry in the transplanted human heart have been incompletely described. therefore, two-dimensional echocardiograms were performed on 22 recipients of an orthotopic heart transplant at 1 month (32 +/- 20 days), 1 year (11 +/- 3 months) and 4 years (54 +/- 9 months) after transplantation. all studies were performed at a time when the patient had no pathologic evidence of rejection. ten healthy men served as a normal control group. over 4 yea ...	1992	1729347