Publications

three-dimensional structure and ligand interactions of the low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase from campylobacter jejuni.	a putative low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (lmw-ptp) was identified in the genome sequence of the bacterial pathogen, campylobacter jejuni. this novel gene, cj1258, has sequence homology with a distinctive class of phosphatases widely distributed among prokaryotes and eukaryotes. we report here the solution structure of cj1258 established by high-resolution nmr spectroscopy using noe-derived distance restraints, hydrogen bond data, and torsion angle restraints. the three-dimens ...	2006	17008719
ciprofloxacin-resistant gram-negative bacilli in the fecal microflora of children.	the extent to which antibiotic-resistant bacteria are excreted by humans who have not been exposed to antibiotics is not known. children, who rarely receive fluoroquinolones, provide opportunities to assess the frequency of fecal excretion by fluoroquinolone-naïve hosts of fluoroquinolone-resistant gram-negative bacilli. fresh nondiarrheal stools from children were processed by screening them on agar containing ciprofloxacin to recover ciprofloxacin-resistant gram-negative bacilli. resistant iso ...	2006	17005812
role of amia in the morphological transition of helicobacter pylori and in immune escape.	the human gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori is responsible for peptic ulcers and neoplasia. both in vitro and in the human stomach it can be found in two forms, the bacillary and coccoid forms. the molecular mechanisms of the morphological transition between these two forms and the role of coccoids remain largely unknown. the peptidoglycan (pg) layer is a major determinant of bacterial cell shape, and therefore we studied h. pylori pg structure during the morphological transition. the transit ...	2006	17002496
preferential transfer of the complete glycan is determined by the oligosaccharyltransferase complex and not by the catalytic subunit.	most eukaryotic cells show a strong preference for the transfer in vivo and in vitro of the largest dolichol-p-p-linked glycan (glc(3)man(9)glcnac(2)) to protein chains over that of biosynthetic intermediates that lack the full complement of glucose units. the oligosaccharyltransferase (ost) is a multimeric complex containing eight different proteins, one of which (stt3p) is the catalytic subunit. trypanosomatid protozoa lack an ost complex and express only this last protein. contrary to the ost ...	2006	17001015
acute pancreatitis in association with campylobacter jejuni-associated diarrhea in a 15-year-old with cftr mutations: is there a link?	acute pancreatitis has occasionally been reported in association with campylobacter jejuni infection in humans. however, the mechanism linking campylobacter jejuni infection and pancreatitis is unclear. acute pancreatitis in association with an infectious illness may be related to underlying genetic mutations. for instance, studies show that mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene increase the susceptibility for acute and chronic pancreatitis.	2006	16998246
fingerprinting of campylobacter jejuni by using resolution-optimized binary gene targets derived from comparative genome hybridization studies.	the aim of this investigation was to exploit the vast comparative data generated by comparative genome hybridization (cgh) studies of campylobacter jejuni in developing a genotyping method. we examined genes in c. jejuni that exhibit binary status (present or absent between strains) within known plasticity regions, in order to identify a minimal subset of gene targets that provide high-resolution genetic fingerprints. using cgh data from three studies as input, binary gene sets were identified w ...	2006	16997982
group b streptococcal capsular sialic acids interact with siglecs (immunoglobulin-like lectins) on human leukocytes.	group b streptococcus (gbs) is classified into nine serotypes that vary in capsular polysaccharide (cps) architecture but share in common the presence of a terminal sialic acid (sia) residue. this position and linkage of gbs sia closely resembles that of cell surface glycans found abundantly on human cells. cd33-related siglecs (cd33rsiglecs) are a family of sia-binding lectins expressed on host leukocytes that engage host sia-capped glycans and send signals that dampen inflammatory gene activat ...	2007	16997964
group b streptococcal capsular sialic acids interact with siglecs (immunoglobulin-like lectins) on human leukocytes.	group b streptococcus (gbs) is classified into nine serotypes that vary in capsular polysaccharide (cps) architecture but share in common the presence of a terminal sialic acid (sia) residue. this position and linkage of gbs sia closely resembles that of cell surface glycans found abundantly on human cells. cd33-related siglecs (cd33rsiglecs) are a family of sia-binding lectins expressed on host leukocytes that engage host sia-capped glycans and send signals that dampen inflammatory gene activat ...	2007	16997964
anti-gt1a igg antibodies in a child with severe guillain-barré syndrome.	this report describes a male, age 8 years 10 months, with severe guillain-barré syndrome after campylobacter jejuni infection. the patient developed fulminant muscle weakness, external ophthalmoplegia, bulbar palsy, and respiratory distress. a high level of serum monospecific anti-gt1a immunoglobulin g antibody was detected. he was treated with intravenous immunoglobulins and artificial ventilation. two years after the onset, the patient still suffered from residual leg weakness and foot drop. a ...	2006	16996403
recovery methods for detection and quantification of campylobacter depend on meat matrices and bacteriological or pcr tools.	campylobacter is one of the main causes of human foodborne bacterial disease associated with meat consumption in developed countries. therefore, the most effective approach for recovery and detection of campylobacter from meat should be determined. two hundred ninety pork skin and chine samples were inoculated with campylobacter jejuni nctc 11168 and two strains of campylobacter coli. campylobacter cells were then recovered from suspensions and enumerated by direct plating. campylobacter recover ...	2006	16995511
major role for feob in campylobacter jejuni ferrous iron acquisition, gut colonization, and intracellular survival.	to assess the importance of ferrous iron acquisition in campylobacter physiology and pathogenesis, we disrupted and characterized the fe2+ iron transporter, feob, in campylobacter jejuni nctc 11168, 81-176, and atcc 43431. the feob mutant was significantly affected in its ability to transport 55fe2+. it accumulated half the amount of iron than the wild-type strain during growth in an iron-containing medium. the intracellular iron of the feob mutant was localized in the periplasmic space versus t ...	2006	16988218
production of monoclonal antibodies to tropheryma whipplei and identification of recognized epitopes by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry.	tropheryma whipplei, the agent of whipple's disease, is a gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium that belongs to the group of actinobacteria. in order to produce monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against this bacterium, we inoculated mice with two different strains, slow2 and endo5. we produced 13 and 10 mabs against slow2 and endo5, respectively. nine of the slow2 mabs and seven of the endo5 mabs recognized a 58-kda epitope. in addition, three other endo5 mabs detected a unique 84-kda epitope. these mab ...	2006	16988020
effect of oral administration of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens mdt-1 on experimental enterocolitis in mice.	butyrivibrio fibrisolvens mdt-1, a butyrate-producing strain, was evaluated for use as a probiotic to prevent enterocolitis. oral administration of the mdt-1 strain (10(9) cfu/dose) alleviated the symptoms of colitis (including body weight loss, diarrhea, bloody stool, organic disorder, and mucosal damage) that are induced in mice drinking water that contains 3.0% dextran sulfate sodium. in addition, myeloperoxidase (mpo) activity levels in colonic tissue were reduced, suggesting that mdt-1 miti ...	2006	16988006
intestinal carriage of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli among cattle from south-western norway and comparative genotyping of bovine and human isolates by amplified-fragment length polymorphism.	in a survey conducted in 1999-2001, the carriage of thermotolerant campylobacters in cattle was investigated, and the genetic diversity of c. jejuni within one herd was examined and compared with human isolates. c. jejuni, c. coli and other thermotolerant campylobacter spp. were isolated from intestinal contents from 26%, 3% and 2% of 804 cattle, respectively. the carriage rate was higher in calves (46%) than in adults (29%). twenty-nine c. jejuni isolates from one herd and 31 human isolates fro ...	2006	16987400
prebiotic galactooligosaccharides reduce adherence of enteropathogenic escherichia coli to tissue culture cells.	prebiotic oligosaccharides are thought to provide beneficial effects in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals by stimulating growth of selected members of the intestinal microflora. another means by which prebiotic oligosaccharides may confer health benefits is via their antiadhesive activity. specifically, these oligosaccharides may directly inhibit infections by enteric pathogens due to their ability to act as structural mimics of the pathogen binding sites that coat the surface of ...	2006	16982832
heme utilization in campylobacter jejuni.	a putative iron- and fur-regulated hemin uptake gene cluster, composed of the transport genes chuabcd and a putative heme oxygenase gene (cj1613c), has been identified in campylobacter jejuni nctc 11168. mutation of chua or cj1613c leads to an inability to grow in the presence of hemin or hemoglobin as a sole source of iron. mutation of chub, -c, or -d only partially attenuates growth where hemin is the sole iron source, suggesting that an additional inner membrane (im) abc (atp-binding cassette ...	2006	16980451
development of an ex vivo organ culture model using human gastro-intestinal tissue and campylobacter jejuni.	campylobacter jejuni is an important food-borne pathogen. however, relatively little is understood regarding its pathogenesis, and research is hampered by the lack of a suitable model. recently, a number of groups have developed assays to study the pathogenic mechanisms of c. jejuni using cell culture models. here, we report the development of an ex vivo organ culture model, allowing for the maintenance of intestinal mucosal tissue, to permit more complex host-bacterium interactions to be studie ...	2006	16978363
molecular origin of two polysaccharides of campylobacter jejuni 81116.	the nature of the polysaccharide molecules of the human enteric pathogen campylobacter jejuni has been the subject of debate. previously, c. jejuni 81116 was shown to contain two different polysaccharides, one acidic (polysaccharide a) and the other neutral (polysaccharide b), occurring in a 3 : 1 ratio, respectively. the aim of this study was to determine the molecular origin of these polysaccharides. using a combination of centrifugation, gel permeation chromatography, chemical assays, and (1) ...	2006	16978359
bacteriocins reduce campylobacter colonization and alter gut morphology in turkey poults.	campylobacter is a leading cause of food-borne illness in the united states. recent evidence has demonstrated that bacteriocins produced by bacillus circulans and paenibacillus polymyxa reduce cecal campylobacter colonization in broiler chickens infected with campylobacter jejuni. as campylobacter coli is the most prevalent campylobacter isolate recovered in turkeys, the objectives of the present study were to evaluate the efficacy of these bacteriocins against c. coli colonization and their inf ...	2006	16977842
bacterial infections in guillain-barré and fisher syndromes.	progress has been made in our understanding of guillain-barré syndrome, especially in identifying the campylobacter jejuni genes responsible for the development of clinical features.	2006	16969154
ganglioside molecular mimicry and its pathological roles in guillain-barré syndrome and related diseases.		2006	16966405
multiple genetic elements carry the tetracycline resistance gene tet(w) in the animal pathogen arcanobacterium pyogenes.	the tet(w) gene is associated with tetracycline resistance in a wide range of bacterial species, including obligately anaerobic rumen bacteria and isolates from the human gut and oral mucosa. however, little is known about how this gene is disseminated and the types of genetic elements it is carried on. we examined tetracycline-resistant isolates of the animal commensal and opportunistic pathogen arcanobacterium pyogenes, all of which carried tet(w), and identified three genetic elements designa ...	2006	16966401
the cryptococcus neoformans catalase gene family and its role in antioxidant defense.	in the present study, we sought to elucidate the contribution of the cryptococcus neoformans catalase gene family to antioxidant defense. we employed bioinformatics techniques to identify four members of the c. neoformans catalase gene family and created mutants lacking single or multiple catalase genes. based on a phylogenetic analysis, cat1 and cat3 encode putative spore-specific catalases, cat2 encodes a putative peroxisomal catalase, and cat4 encodes a putative cytosolic catalase. only cat1 ...	2006	16963629
design of a seven-genome escherichia coli microarray for comparative genomic profiling.	we describe the design and evaluate the use of a high-density oligonucleotide microarray covering seven sequenced escherichia coli genomes in addition to several sequenced e. coli plasmids, bacteriophages, pathogenicity islands, and virulence genes. its utility is demonstrated for comparative genomic profiling of two unsequenced strains, o175:h16 d1 and o157:h7 3538 (deltastx(2)::cat) as well as two well-known control strains, k-12 w3110 and o157:h7 edl933. by using fluorescently labeled genomic ...	2006	16963574
effect of efflux pump inhibitors on bile resistance and in vivo colonization of campylobacter jejuni.	the multidrug efflux pump cmeabc is essential for campylobacter colonization in animal intestine by mediating bile resistance. the objective of this study is to examine the effect of inhibition of the cmeabc pump by efflux pump inhibitor (epi) on the susceptibility of campylobacter to bile salts and to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of two epis on the colonization of campylobacter in a host.	2006	16963459
the selective value of bacterial shape.	why do bacteria have shape? is morphology valuable or just a trivial secondary characteristic? why should bacteria have one shape instead of another? three broad considerations suggest that bacterial shapes are not accidental but are biologically important: cells adopt uniform morphologies from among a wide variety of possibilities, some cells modify their shape as conditions demand, and morphology can be tracked through evolutionary lineages. all of these imply that shape is a selectable featur ...	2006	16959965
detection of thermotolerant campylobacter in ostriches (struthio camelus) in italy.	during the period january 2004 to december 2005 four different ostrich farms were investigated to evaluate the presence of thermotolerant campylobacter. a total of 150 ostriches were examined and all were found to be clinically healthy. campylobacter spp. were isolated from 60/150 cloacal swabs. among the isolates, 48 were identified as campylobacter jejuni whereas the remainder were identified as campylobacter coli. campylobacter lari was not isolated. the ostriches, although apparently in a he ...	2007	16959506
survival of environmental mycobacteria in acanthamoeba polyphaga.	free-living amoebae in water are hosts to many bacterial species living in such an environment. such an association enables bacteria to select virulence factors and survive in adverse conditions. waterborne mycobacteria (wbm) are important sources of community- and hospital-acquired outbreaks of nontuberculosis mycobacterial infections. however, the interactions between wbm and free-living amoebae in water have been demonstrated for only few mycobacterium spp. we investigated the ability of a nu ...	2006	16957218
contraselectable streptomycin susceptibility determinant for genetic manipulation and analysis of helicobacter pylori.	many helicobacter pylori genetic studies would benefit from an ability to move dna sequences easily between strains by transformation and homologous recombination, without needing to leave a conventional drug resistance determinant at the targeted locus. presented here is a two-gene cassette that can be selected both (i) against, due to a campylobacter jejuni rpsl gene (dominant streptomycin susceptibility in cells also carrying an rpsl-str(r) allele), and (ii) for, due to an erm gene (erythromy ...	2006	16957210
lack of evidence for vertical transmission of campylobacter spp. in chickens.	campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial food-borne infection in the industrial world. there is evidence that c. jejuni is present in eggs and hatchery fluff, opening the possibility for vertical transmission from hens to progeny. poultry operations in iceland provide an excellent opportunity to study this possibility, since breeding flocks are established solely from eggs imported from grandparent flocks in sweden. this leaves limited opportunity for grandparents and their progeny to ...	2006	16957196
[description of an outbreak of campylobacter jejuni gastroenteritis and molecular characterization of the implicated strain].	the aim of this study is to describe an outbreak of diarrhea caused by campylobacter jejuni in a primary school.	2006	16956532
refuting phylogenetic relationships.	phylogenetic methods are philosophically grounded, and so can be philosophically biased in ways that limit explanatory power. this constitutes an important methodologic dimension not often taken into account. here we address this dimension in the context of concatenation approaches to phylogeny.	2006	16956399
the campylobacter jejuni phoss/phosr operon represents a non-classical phosphate-sensitive two-component system.	the bacterial pathogen campylobacter jejuni carries several putative two-component signal transduction systems of unknown function. here we report that the phoss (cj0889) and phosr (cj0890) proteins constitute a two-component system that is activated by phosphate limitation. microarray analysis, real-time rt-pcr, and primer extension experiments indicated that this system regulates 12 genes (including the pstscab genes) present in three transcriptional units. gel shift assays confirmed that reco ...	2006	16956379
heterogeneity of non-serotypable campylobacter jejuni isolates.	several phenotypic and genotypic methods are currently used to identify subtypes of campylobacter jejuni isolates. of the phenotypic methods one, i.e. serotyping based on the heat stable antigen, is often hindered by the relatively large number of un-typable (nt) strains. little is known, however, about the heterogeneity of the group formed by these nt strains. therefore we serotyped 92 hungarian, non-outbreak c. jejuni isolates and subjected the 28 nt strains to molecular analysis using pcr-rfl ...	2006	16956127
pcr-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of campylobacter jejuni isolates from humans, chickens and dogs in northern taiwan.	two hundred and twenty strains of campylobacter jejuni (70 human, 51 canine and 99 chicken strains) were isolated from september 2003 to september 2004 in northern taiwan. these strains were subtyped by pcr-rflp analysis of the flagellin (flaa) gene. on the basis of restrictive digest, six types were identified with afai, seven types with mboi and five types with haeiii. with the combination of these three enzymes, 47 distinct pcr-rflp patterns were observed-25 each from human and chicken isolat ...	2006	16953081
cofacial heme binding is linked to dimerization by a bacterial heme transport protein.	campylobacter jejuni is a leading bacterial cause of food-borne illness in the developed world. like most pathogens, c. jejuni requires iron that must be acquired from the host environment. although the iron preference of the food-borne pathogen c. jejuni is not established, this organism possesses heme transport systems to acquire iron. chan is an iron-regulated lipoprotein from c. jejuni proposed to be associated with char, an outer-membrane receptor. mutation of phuw, a chan orthologue in pse ...	2006	16950397
mass spectrometry-based glycomics strategy for exploring n-linked glycosylation in eukaryotes and bacteria.	n-glycosylation of proteins is recognized as one of the most common posttranslational modifications in eukaryotes. to date, most glycomics techniques are limited to examining eukaryotic pathways. technologies capable of characterizing newly described n-linked glycosylation systems in bacteria from biologically relevant samples in an accurate, rapid, and cost-effective manner are needed. in this paper, a new glycomics strategy, based on the combination of nonspecific proteolytic digestion and per ...	2006	16944887
variable-number tandem repeats that are useful in genotyping isolates of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars typhimurium and newport.	the genome of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium strain lt2 was analyzed for direct repeats, and 54 sequences containing variable-number tandem repeat loci were identified. ten primer pairs that anneal upstream and downstream of each selected locus were designed and used to amplify pcr targets in isolates of s. enterica serovars typhimurium and newport. four of the 10 loci did not show polymorphism in the length of products. six loci were selected for analysis. isolates of s ...	2006	16943354
comparative genomic analysis of campylobacter jejuni strains reveals diversity due to genomic elements similar to those present in c. jejuni strain rm1221.	analysis of the complete genomic sequence of campylobacter jejuni strain rm1221 identified four large genomic elements, campylobacter jejuni-integrated elements (cjies), that were absent from c. jejuni strain nctc 11168. to further investigate the genomic diversity of campylobacter, we conducted a comparative genomic analysis from a collection of 67 c. jejuni and 12 campylobacter coli strains isolated from various geographical locations and clinical and veterinary sources. utilizing pcr, we demo ...	2006	16943349
influence of inoculation levels and processing parameters on the survival of campylobacter jejuni in german style fermented turkey sausages.	this study investigated the influence of inoculum levels and manufacturing methods on the survival of campylobacter (c.) jejuni in raw fermented turkey sausages. sausages were prepared and inoculated with c. jejuni. after inoculation, these sausages were processed and ripened for 8 days. samples were taken throughout the ripening process. the presence of c. jejuni was established bacteriologically. additionally, lactic acid bacteria were enumerated, ph values and water activity were measured to ...	2006	16943072
in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility, genetic diversity and prevalence of udp-glucose 4-epimerase (gale) gene in campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni from turkey production facilities.	this study evaluated the genetic diversity of multi-drug resistant campylobacter jejuni (n=44) and c. coli (n=30) isolated from 18 turkey houses. antimicrobial resistances to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid were higher (p<0.05) in c. coli than in c. jejuni strains. pcr analysis indicated that 82% of total isolates tested, including 91% of c. jejuni and 70% of c. coli tested positive for a 496-bp udp-glucose 4-epimerase (gale) gene. the diversity of isolates was mapped by antibiogram ...	2006	16943028
isolation of a lactobacillus salivarius strain and purification of its bacteriocin, which is inhibitory to campylobacter jejuni in the chicken gastrointestinal system.	we evaluated anti-campylobacter jejuni activity among >1,200 isolates of different lactic acid bacteria. lactobacillus salivarius strain nrrl b-30514 was selected for further study. the cell-free, ammonium sulfate precipitate from the broth culture was termed the crude antimicrobial preparation. ten microliters of the crude preparation created a zone of c. jejuni growth inhibition, and growth within the zone resumed when the crude preparation was preincubated with proteolytic enzymes. bacterioci ...	2006	16940109
in vitro activity of a novel antimicrobial agent, tg44, for treatment of helicobacter pylori infection.	due to concerns about the current therapeutic modalities for helicobacter pylori infection, e.g., the increased emergence of drug-resistant strains and the adverse reactions of drugs currently administered, there is a need to develop an anti-h. pylori agent with higher efficacy and less toxicity. the antibacterial activity of tg44, an anti-h. pylori agent with a novel structural formula, against 54 clinical isolates of h. pylori was examined and compared with those of amoxicillin (amx), clarithr ...	2006	16940102
synergy between efflux pump cmeabc and modifications in ribosomal proteins l4 and l22 in conferring macrolide resistance in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.	macrolide-resistant mutants of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli were selected in vitro using erythromycin and tylosin. these mutants exhibited modifications in the ribosomal proteins l4 (g74d) and l22 (insertions at position 86 or 98). a synergy between the cmeabc efflux pump and these modifications in conferring macrolide resistance was observed.	2006	16940070
analysis of the transcriptome of group a streptococcus in mouse soft tissue infection.	molecular mechanisms mediating group a streptococcus (gas)-host interactions remain poorly understood but are crucial for diagnostic, therapeutic, and vaccine development. an optimized high-density microarray was used to analyze the transcriptome of gas during experimental mouse soft tissue infection. the transcriptome of a wild-type serotype m1 gas strain and an isogenic transcriptional regulator knockout mutant (covr) also were compared. array datasets were verified by quantitative real-time r ...	2006	16936267
novel conserved assembly factor of the bacterial flagellum.	tp0658 (fliw) and its orthologs, conserved proteins of unknown function in treponema pallidum and other species, interact with a c-terminal region of flagellin (flab1-3 in t. pallidum; flic in most other species). mutants of orthologs in bacillus subtilis and campylobacter jejuni (yvif, cj1075) showed strongly reduced motility. tp0658 stabilizes flagellin in a way similar to flis, suggesting that tp0658 is a conserved assembly factor for the bacterial flagellum.	2006	16936039
rapid and accurate pyrosequencing of angiosperm plastid genomes.	plastid genome sequence information is vital to several disciplines in plant biology, including phylogenetics and molecular biology. the past five years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the number of completely sequenced plastid genomes, fuelled largely by advances in conventional sanger sequencing technology. here we report a further significant reduction in time and cost for plastid genome sequencing through the successful use of a newly available pyrosequencing platform, the genome seque ...	2006	16934154
assessment of whole genome amplification-induced bias through high-throughput, massively parallel whole genome sequencing.	whole genome amplification is an increasingly common technique through which minute amounts of dna can be multiplied to generate quantities suitable for genetic testing and analysis. questions of amplification-induced error and template bias generated by these methods have previously been addressed through either small scale (snps) or large scale (cgh array, fish) methodologies. here we utilized whole genome sequencing to assess amplification-induced bias in both coding and non-coding regions of ...	2006	16928277
campylobacter jejuni colonization of mice with limited enteric flora.	we have developed experimental murine campylobacter infection models which demonstrate efficient establishment and reproducible, high-level colonization. following oral inoculation, wild-type c3h mice with normal enteric flora were colonized inconsistently and inefficiently by c. jejuni strain 81-176. however, c3h mice with a limited gut flora (lf) were efficiently colonized at high levels (10(8) cfu/g of stool or large intestine tissue) followed by clearance after several weeks. large intestine ...	2006	16926420
antimutator role of the dna glycosylase muty gene in helicobacter pylori.	helicobacter pylori has a highly variable genome with ongoing diversification via inter- and intragenomic recombination and spontaneous mutation. dna repair genes modulating mutation and recombination rates that influence diversification have not been well characterized for h. pylori. to examine the role of putative base excision repair ung and muty glycosylase and xtha apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease genes in h. pylori, mutants of each were constructed in strain jp26 by allelic exchange. spo ...	2006	16923889
separate pathways for o acetylation of polymeric and monomeric sialic acids and identification of sialyl o-acetyl esterase in escherichia coli k1.	o acetylation at carbon positions 7 or 9 of the sialic acid residues in the polysialic acid capsule of escherichia coli k1 is catalyzed by a phase-variable contingency locus, neuo, carried by the k1-specific prophage, cus-3. here we describe a novel method for analyzing polymeric sialic acid o acetylation that involves the release of surface sialic acids by endo-n-acetylneuraminidase digestion, followed by fluorescent labeling and detection of quinoxalinone derivatives by chromatography. the res ...	2006	16923886
human epithelial-specific response to pathogenic campylobacter jejuni.	the gastrointestinal epithelia of mammals are tolerant of their resident gut microbiota but are usually highly responsive to entero-pathogens; the host-specific responses have not been well characterized. to this end, the transcriptional responses of cultured human (caco-2) and murine (ct-26) colonic epithelial cells were compared after exposure with the microfloral bacterium lactobacillus reuteri or the human gastrointestinal pathogen campylobacter jejuni. when in bacterial broth, both species ...	2006	16923081
prospective study on anti-ganglioside antibodies in childhood guillain-barré syndrome.	antiganglioside antibodies have been reported to play a part in the pathophysiology of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs).	2007	16920757
ganglioside mimicry as a cause of guillain-barré syndrome.	guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), characterized by acute progressive limb weakness and areflexia, is the prototype of postinfectious autoimmune diseases. campylobacter jejuni is the most frequently identified agent of infection in gbs patients, often preceding acute motor axonal neuropathy (aman), a variant of gbs. anti-gm1, anti-gm1b, anti-gd1a, and anti-galnac-gd1a igg antibodies are associated with aman. carbohydrate mimicry [galbeta1-3galnacbeta1-4(neuacalpha2-3)galbeta1-] was seen between the ...	2006	16918391
broilers do not play a dominant role in the campylobacter fetus contamination of humans.	campylobacter fetus causes severe infections in humans and can be isolated from various mammals and reptiles. however, although poultry are considered to be the main reservoir of campylobacter jejuni, little is known about the presence of c. fetus in poultry. thus, specific pathogen-free chickens were experimentally inoculated with a mixture of either three non-thermotolerant or four thermotolerant human strains of c. fetus. faecal samples were regularly sampled after inoculation and caeca and i ...	2006	16914660
how long do nosocomial pathogens persist on inanimate surfaces? a systematic review.	inanimate surfaces have often been described as the source for outbreaks of nosocomial infections. the aim of this review is to summarize data on the persistence of different nosocomial pathogens on inanimate surfaces.	2006	16914034
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity against helicobacter pylori.	helicobacter pylori infection and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids) are each associated with gastrointestinal mucosal damage, but the extent and direction of their interactions remain controversial. therefore, the purpose of the present paper was to examine whether specific nsaids inhibit the growth of helicobacter pylori in vitro.	2006	16911681
the occurrence of campylobacter species in hungarian broiler chickens from farm to slaughter.	the reported number of human enteric diseases caused by thermotolerant campylobacters increased in the last few decades worldwide. the microorganism gets into the food chain mostly with poultry meat or meat products. we are not aware of the way the campylobacters infect the broiler flocks, and there is little information about the real prevalence, about the reaction of thermotolerant campylobacters to the environmental factors and about the possibilities of elimination of the bacteria from the f ...	2006	16907962
in vitro bactericidal activities of japanese rice-fluid against helicobacter pylori strains.	helicobacter pylori has now been widely recognized as a causative agent of gastroduodenal diseases. the development of safer anti- h. pylori compounds is desirable due to the antibiotic-resistant strains emerged to date.	2006	16906220
pfge and pcr/rflp typing of campylobacter jejuni strains from poultry.	1. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the flagellin gene (fla-rflp) were used to analyse 92 poultry and 110 human strains of campylobacter jejuni. 2. among poultry strains, 11 fla-rflp and 11 pfge subtypes were found, while human strains could be divided into 23 fla-rflp and 32 pfge subtypes. altogether, 31 fla-rflp and 32 pfge subtypes were found. 3. the results show that individual flocks in farms are mostly infected with a single c. je ...	2006	16905472
detection of campylobacter jejuni in various lymphoid organs of broiler breeder hens after oral or intravaginal inoculation.	two studies were conducted to determine whether campylobacter jejuni could rapidly spread and reside in the internal organs of adult broiler breeder hens. in study 1, university-housed broiler breeders at 22 wk of age were obtained and placed in individual cages. each hen was intravaginally inoculated weekly from 23 to 32 wk of age with a characterized strain of c. jejuni. at wk 23, 27, and 32, 4 d postinoculation, the hens were euthanized, defeathered, and aseptically opened. in study 2, univer ...	2006	16903467
graemlin: general and robust alignment of multiple large interaction networks.	the recent proliferation of protein interaction networks has motivated research into network alignment: the cross-species comparison of conserved functional modules. previous studies have laid the foundations for such comparisons and demonstrated their power on a select set of sparse interaction networks. recently, however, new computational techniques have produced hundreds of predicted interaction networks with interconnection densities that push existing alignment algorithms to their limits. ...	2006	16899655
a phase-variable mechanism controlling the campylobacter jejuni flgr response regulator influences commensalism.	phase variation of genes in bacteria enables phenotypic alteration to modulate interactions within a host as conditions change. to promote commensalism in animals and disease in humans, campylobacter jejuni produces a flagellar organelle for motility. in addition to tight transcriptional regulation of flagellar genes, c. jejuni also controls flagellar biosynthesis by phase variation. in this study, an unusual phase-variable mechanism controlling production of flgr, the response regulator of the ...	2006	16899076
roles of the host oxidative immune response and bacterial antioxidant rubrerythrin during porphyromonas gingivalis infection.	the efficient clearance of microbes by neutrophils requires the concerted action of reactive oxygen species and microbicidal components within leukocyte secretory granules. rubrerythrin (rbr) is a nonheme iron protein that protects many air-sensitive bacteria against oxidative stress. using oxidative burst-knockout (nadph oxidase-null) mice and an rbr gene knockout bacterial strain, we investigated the interplay between the phagocytic oxidative burst of the host and the oxidative stress response ...	2006	16895445
the essential gtpase yphc displays a major domain rearrangement associated with nucleotide binding.	the structure of a bacillus subtilis yphc/gdp complex shows that it contains two gtpase domains that pack against a central domain whose fold resembles that of an rna binding kh-domain. comparisons of this structure to that of a homologue in thermotoga maritima reveals a dramatic rearrangement in the position of the n-terminal gtpase domain with a shift of up to 60 a and the formation of a totally different interface to the central domain. this rearrangement appears to be triggered by conformati ...	2006	16894162
pyrosequencing as a rapid tool for identification of ges-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.	a pyrosequencing technique was used for identification of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) of ges type. these beta-lactamases are isolated increasingly emerging in gram-negative bacteria worldwide. this rapid and reliable identification method is interesting, since ges variants, including not only expanded-spectrum cephalosporins but also carbapenems, cephamycins, and monobactams, are the only esbls that possess different hydrolysis profiles.	2006	16891529
incidence and epidemiology of irritable bowel syndrome after a large waterborne outbreak of bacterial dysentery.	postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome (pi-ibs) is a common clinical phenomenon. to better define its incidence and epidemiology, a large cohort study was initiated after the contamination of a municipal water supply led to a large outbreak of acute escherichia coli 0157:h7 and campylobacter jejuni gastroenteritis.	2006	16890598
mixed culture fermentation studies on the effects of synbiotics on the human intestinal pathogens campylobacter jejuni and escherichia coli.	batch and continuous culture anaerobic fermentation systems, inoculated with human faeces, were utilised to investigate the antimicrobial actions of two probiotics, lactobacillus plantarum 0407, combined with oligofructose and bifidobacterium bifidum bb12, combined with a mixture of oligofructose and xylo-oligosaccharides (50:50 w/w) against e. coli and campylobacter jejuni. in batch fermenters, both e. coli and c. jejuni were inhibited by the synbiotics, even when the culture ph was maintained ...	2003	16887709
global gene expression analysis of the heat shock response in the phytopathogen xylella fastidiosa.	xylella fastidiosa is a phytopathogenic bacterium that is responsible for diseases in many economically important crops. although different strains have been studied, little is known about x. fastidiosa stress responses. one of the better characterized stress responses in bacteria is the heat shock response, which induces the expression of specific genes to prevent protein misfolding and aggregation and to promote degradation of the irreversibly denatured polypeptides. to investigate x. fastidio ...	2006	16885450
comparative, collaborative, and on-site validation of a taqman pcr method as a tool for certified production of fresh, campylobacter-free chickens.	certified campylobacter-free poultry products have been produced in denmark since 2002, the first example of fresh (unprocessed and nonfrozen) chickens labeled "campylobacter free." this success occurred partly through use of a 4-hour gel-based pcr testing scheme on fecal swabs. in this study, a faster, real-time pcr approach was validated in comparative and collaborative trials, based on recommendations from the nordic system for validation of alternative microbiological methods (nordval). the ...	2006	16885299
the hs:19 serostrain of campylobacter jejuni has a hyaluronic acid-type capsular polysaccharide with a nonstoichiometric sorbose branch and o-methyl phosphoramidate group.	a recent study that examined multiple strains of campylobacter jejuni reported that hs:19, a serostrain that has been associated with the onset of guillain-barré syndrome, had unidentified labile, capsular polysaccharide (cps) structures. in this study, we expand on this observation by using current glyco-analytical technologies to characterize these unknown groups. capillary electrophoresis electrospray ionization ms and nmr analysis with a cryogenically cooled probe (cold probe) of cps purifie ...	2006	16879613
lactic acid bacteria as probiotics.	a number of lactobacillus species, bifidobacterium sp, saccharomyces boulardii, and some other microbes have been proposed as and are used as probiotic strains, i.e. live microorganisms as food supplement in order to benefit health. the health claims range from rather vague as regulation of bowel activity and increasing of well-being to more specific, such as exerting antagonistic effect on the gastroenteric pathogens clostridium difficile, campylobacter jejuni, helicobacter pylori and rotavirus ...	2006	16875422
infectious bursal disease virus-induced immunosuppression exacerbates campylobacter jejuni colonization and shedding in chickens.	campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of food-borne bacterial gastroenteritis in humans in the united states. infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) causes an immunosuppressive disease in young chickens. to analyze a possible role of ibdv-induced immunosuppression in colonization and shedding of c. jejuni, two experiments were conducted. in both experiments, group 1 consisted of noninoculated control chickens, groups 2 and 3 were inoculated with varying doses of c. jejuni, and groups 4 and 5 ...	2006	16863064
cj1496c encodes a campylobacter jejuni glycoprotein that influences invasion of human epithelial cells and colonization of the chick gastrointestinal tract.	campylobacter jejuni has an n-linked protein glycosylation pathway that is required for efficient cell invasion and chick gastrointestinal colonization by the microbe. in this study, we constructed insertion mutants of 22 putative glycoprotein genes and examined the ability of each to invade the human intestinal epithelial cell line int-407. among the mutants tested, one carrying an insertion in cj1496c was defective for invasion into int-407 cells; this defect was also observed in an in-frame d ...	2006	16861659
unique features of a highly pathogenic campylobacter jejuni strain.	campylobacter jejuni, a major human enteric pathogen, exhibits significant strain-to-strain differences which result in differences in pathogenic potential. c. jejuni 81-176 is a highly virulent strain that exhibits unique pathogenic features and is used by many research laboratories. we have determined the nucleotide sequence of its genome and compared it to the genomes of other sequenced c. jejuni strains. we identified a number of unique genetic features which may confer specific metabolic an ...	2006	16861657
modulation of host immune responses by the cytolethal distending toxin of helicobacter hepaticus.	persistent murine infection with helicobacter hepaticus leads to chronic gastrointestinal inflammation and neoplasia in susceptible strains. to determine the role of the virulence factor cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) in the pathogenesis of this organism, interleukin-10-deficient (il-10-/-) mice were experimentally infected with wild-type h. hepaticus and a cdt-deficient isogenic mutant. both wild-type h. hepaticus and the cdt-deficient mutant successfully colonized il-10-/- mice, and they re ...	2006	16861635
the prokaryotic antecedents of the ubiquitin-signaling system and the early evolution of ubiquitin-like beta-grasp domains.	ubiquitin (ub)-mediated signaling is one of the hallmarks of all eukaryotes. prokaryotic homologs of ub (this and moad) and e1 ligases have been studied in relation to sulfur incorporation reactions in thiamine and molybdenum/tungsten cofactor biosynthesis. however, there is no evidence for entire protein modification systems with ub-like proteins and deconjugation by deubiquitinating enzymes in prokaryotes. hence, the evolutionary assembly of the eukaryotic ub-signaling apparatus remains unclea ...	2006	16859499
the stringent response is required for helicobacter pylori survival of stationary phase, exposure to acid, and aerobic shock.	the gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori must adapt to fluctuating conditions in the harsh environment of the human stomach with the use of a minimal number of transcriptional regulators. we investigated whether h. pylori utilizes the stringent response, involving signaling through the alarmone (p)ppgpp, as a survival strategy during environmental stresses. we show that the h. pylori homologue of the bifunctional (p)ppgpp synthetase and hydrolase spot is responsible for all cellular (p)ppgpp pro ...	2006	16855239
uvrd helicase suppresses recombination and dna damage-induced deletions.	uvrd, a highly conserved helicase involved in mismatch repair, nucleotide excision repair (ner), and recombinational repair, plays a critical role in maintaining genomic stability and facilitating dna lesion repair in many prokaryotic species. in this report, we focus on the uvrd homolog in helicobacter pylori, a genetically diverse organism that lacks many known dna repair proteins, including those involved in mismatch repair and recombinational repair, and that is noted for high levels of inte ...	2006	16855234
genotyping of campylobacter jejuni using seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms in combination with flaa short variable region sequencing.	this investigation describes the development of a generally applicable, bioinformatics-driven, single-nucleotide polymorphism (snp) genotyping assay for the common bacterial gastrointestinal pathogen campylobacter jejuni. snps were identified in silico using the program 'minimum snps', which selects for polymorphisms providing the greatest resolution of bacterial populations based on simpson's index of diversity (d). the high-d snps identified in this study were derived from the combined c. jeju ...	2006	16849726
nerve: new enhanced reverse vaccinology environment.	since a milestone work on neisseria meningitidis b, reverse vaccinology has strongly enhanced the identification of vaccine candidates by replacing several experimental tasks using in silico prediction steps. these steps have allowed scientists to face the selection of antigens from the predicted proteome of pathogens, for which cell culture is difficult or impossible, saving time and money. however, this good example of bioinformatics-driven immunology can be further developed by improving in s ...	2006	16848907
prevention and self-treatment of traveler's diarrhea.	of the millions who travel from the industrialized world to developing countries every year, between 20% and 50% will develop at least one episode of diarrhea, making it the most common medical ailment afflicting travelers. although usually a mild illness, traveler's diarrhea can result in significant morbidity and hardship overseas. precautions can be taken to minimize the risk of developing traveler's diarrhea, either through avoidance of potentially contaminated food or drink or through vario ...	2006	16847088
shield as signal: lipopolysaccharides and the evolution of immunity to gram-negative bacteria.		2006	16846256
studies on pongamia pinnata (l.) pierre leaves: understanding the mechanism(s) of action in infectious diarrhea.	while data are available on the effect of medicinal plants on intestinal motility and their antibacterial action, there is a paucity of information on their mode of action on various aspects of diarrheal pathogenicity, namely colonization to intestinal epithelial cells and production/action of enterotoxins. crude decoction of dried leaves of pongamia pinnata was evaluated for its antimicrobial (antibacterial, antigiardial and antirotaviral) effect; and its effect on production and action of ente ...	2006	16845722
strain and host characteristics of campylobacter jejuni infections in finland.	the relative importance of different risk-factors for campylobacter infections and the role of bacterial strain and host characteristics are uncertain. swimming in natural sources of water was recently described as a novel independent risk-factor for domestically-acquired campylobacter infections. the present study investigated exposure factors and demographical characteristics (collected in a questionnaire), and determined whether campylobacter jejuni serotypes could be linked to each other or ...	2006	16842570
microbial drug efflux proteins of the major facilitator superfamily.	drug efflux proteins are widespread amongst microorganisms, including pathogens. they can contribute to both natural insensitivity to antibiotics and to emerging antibiotic resistance and so are potential targets for the development of new antibacterial drugs. the design of such drugs would be greatly facilitated by knowledge of the structures of these transport proteins, which are poorly understood, because of the difficulties of obtaining crystals of quality. we describe a structural genomics ...	2006	16842212
structure of a197 from sulfolobus turreted icosahedral virus: a crenarchaeal viral glycosyltransferase exhibiting the gt-a fold.	sulfolobus turreted icosahedral virus (stiv) was the first icosahedral virus characterized from an archaeal host. it infects sulfolobus species that thrive in the acidic hot springs (ph 2.9 to 3.9 and 72 to 92 degrees c) of yellowstone national park. the overall capsid architecture and the structure of its major capsid protein are very similar to those of the bacteriophage prd1 and eukaryotic viruses paramecium bursaria chlorella virus 1 and adenovirus, suggesting a viral lineage that predates t ...	2006	16840342
guillain-barré syndrome: association with campylobacter jejuni and mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in india.	guillain-barré syndrome is the most common cause of acute neuromuscular paralysis and is considered a post-infectious disease.	2006	16836263
linking healthcare associated norovirus outbreaks: a molecular epidemiologic method for investigating transmission.	noroviruses are highly infectious pathogens that cause gastroenteritis in the community and in semi-closed institutions such as hospitals. during outbreaks, multiple units within a hospital are often affected, and a major question for control programs is: are the affected units part of the same outbreak or are they unrelated transmission events? in practice, investigators often assume a transmission link based on epidemiological observations, rather than a systematic approach to tracing transmis ...	2006	16834774
effect of temperature on growth and chemotactic behaviour of campylobacter jejuni.	to determine the effect of two physiologically important temperatures on growth and chemotaxis in campylobacter jejuni.	2006	16834726
comparison of campylobacter jejuni pfge and penner subtypes in human infections and in water samples from the taieri river catchment of new zealand.	to determine the degree of overlap in strain types of campylobacter jejuni isolated from clinical cases and water samples from the taieri catchment in the south island of new zealand.	2006	16834587
influence of relative humidity on transmission of campylobacter jejuni in broiler chickens.	horizontal transmission of campylobacter jejuni among broiler chickens has been documented; however, the influence of rh on transmission rates is an important factor that has not been extensively studied. the purpose of our experiments was to determine the rate of c. jejuni colonization among groups of broilers raised in microbiological isolation under high (approximately 80%) and low (approximately 30%) rh conditions. day-of-hatch chicks (n = 100 per group) were placed on wood shavings in high ...	2006	16830853
improved serological diagnosis stresses the major role of campylobacter jejuni in triggering guillain-barré syndrome.	guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) is a postinfectious autoimmune polyradiculoneuropathy. the most frequent antecedent pathogen is campylobacter jejuni, followed by cytomegalovirus. however, more than 40% of gbs cases currently cannot be attributed to triggering events. this might be due to the shortcomings of the serological assays used for diagnosing infections, in particular for c. jejuni. in our study investigating 36 patients with acute gbs, standard serological methods identified the triggering ...	2006	16829615
incidence trend and risk factors for campylobacter infections in humans in norway.	the objectives of the study were to evaluate whether the increase in incidence of campylobacteriosis observed in humans in norway from 1995 to 2001 was statistically significant and whether different biologically plausible risk factors were associated with the incidence of campylobacteriosis in the different counties in norway.	2006	16827925
comparison of multilocus sequence typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and antimicrobial susceptibility typing for characterization of salmonella enterica serotype newport isolates.	in the united states, multidrug-resistant phenotypes of salmonella enterica serotype newport (commonly referred to as mdr-ampc) have emerged in animals and humans and have become a major public health problem. although pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) is the current "gold standard" typing method for salmonella, multilocus sequence typing (mlst) may be more relevant to investigations exploring evolutionary and population biology relationships. in this study, 81 salmonella enterica serotype ...	2006	16825363
novel surface polypeptides of campylobacter jejuni as traveller's diarrhoea vaccine candidates discovered by proteomics.	campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common causes of traveller's diarrhoea and food poisoning, therefore development of a vaccine is important. using biochemical fractionation and mass spectrometry analysis, we identified more than 110 surface polypeptides. eight c. jejuni identified surface proteins were expressed in escherichia coli and purified. mice were immunized with different doses of these purified proteins and challenged orally with c. jejuni strains ml1 and ml53. the degree of prot ...	2006	16824653
when is arthritis reactive?	reactive arthritis is an important cause of lower limb oligoarthritis, mainly in young adults. it is one of the spondyloarthropathy family; it is distinguishable from other forms of inflammatory arthritis by virtue of the distribution of affected sites and the high prevalence of characteristic extra-articular lesions. many terms have been used to refer to this and related forms of arthritis leading to some confusion. reactive arthritis is precipitated by an infection at a distant site and geneti ...	2006	16822921
phase-variable surface structures are required for infection of campylobacter jejuni by bacteriophages.	this study characterizes the interaction between campylobacter jejuni and the 16 phages used in the united kingdom typing scheme by screening spontaneous mutants of the phage-type strains and transposon mutants of the sequenced strain nctc 11168. we show that the 16 typing phages fall into four groups based on their patterns of activity against spontaneous mutants. screens of transposon and defined mutants indicate that the phage-bacterium interaction for one of these groups appears to involve t ...	2006	16820455
helicobacter anseris sp. nov. and helicobacter brantae sp. nov., isolated from feces of resident canada geese in the greater boston area.	numbers of nonmigratory canada geese have increased substantially in the past decade, and they have become a nuisance in some urban areas. because of their close contact with humans in parks and areas adjacent to surface waterways, contact with their feces poses a zoonotic risk. a total of 97 geese from 10 separate geographic locales in the greater boston area had their feces sampled for detection of helicobacter spp. identification of helicobacter spp. based on 16s rrna genus-specific helicobac ...	2006	16820454
cladophora (chlorophyta) spp. harbor human bacterial pathogens in nearshore water of lake michigan.	cladophora glomerata, a macrophytic green alga, is commonly found in the great lakes, and significant accumulations occur along shorelines during the summer months. recently, cladophora has been shown to harbor high densities of the fecal indicator bacteria escherichia coli and enterococci. cladophora may also harbor human pathogens; however, until now, no studies to address this question have been performed. in the present study, we determined whether attached cladophora, obtained from the lake ...	2006	16820442