Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| clostridium difficile. | 2009 | 19202582 | |
| clostridium difficile. | 2009 | 19202581 | |
| healthcare-associated infection in acute hospitals: which interventions are effective? | this study investigated the potential factors linked to healthcare-associated infection (hcai) rates in acute national health service hospitals, analysing mandatory surveillance data with existing data available to the healthcare commission, and supplemented by a bespoke questionnaire. a questionnaire was developed to cover important elements related to the management and control of hcai. additional data were collated from other sources. infection outcomes comprised the mandatory surveillance da ... | 2009 | 19201050 |
| prevalence of clostridium difficile in diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic piglets. | clostridium difficile is considered to be an important causative agent of porcine neonatal diarrhoea, having taken over from classic bacterial pathogens. however, there are currently no clear data concerning the prevalence of this microorganism in piglets, or about its relative distributions among diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic animals. in the present study, we analyzed the presence of c. difficile in rectal swabs from 780 piglets from two age groups (newborn and 1-2-month-old pigs) by means of m ... | 2009 | 19200665 |
| serum albumin in risk assessment for clostridium difficile. | 2009 | 19200621 | |
| killing of rat basophilic leukemia cells by lethal toxin from clostridium sordellii: critical role of phosphatidylinositide 3'-oh kinase/akt signaling. | clostridium sordellii lethal toxin (tcsl) belongs to the family of clostridial glucosylating toxins. tcsl exhibits glucosyltransferase activity to inactivate rho and ras proteins. on cultured cells, tcsl causes actin reorganization ("cytopathic effect") and apoptotic cell death ("cytotoxic effect"). this study is based on the concept that the cytotoxic effects of tcsl depend on the glucosylation of critical substrate proteins rather than on the glucosyltransferase activity per se. the cytotoxic ... | 2009 | 19199813 |
| fulminant clostridium difficile enteritis after proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastamosis. | clostridium difficile (c. difficile) infection of the small bowel is very rare. the disease course is more severe than that of c. difficile colitis, and the mortality is high. we present a case of c. difficile enteritis in a patient with ileal pouch-anal anastamosis (ipaa), and review previous case reports in order to better characterize this unusual condition. | 2009 | 19197378 |
| clostridium difficile. | 2009 | 19196682 | |
| clostridium difficile pcr ribotype 078 toxinotype v found in diarrhoeal pigs identical to isolates from affected humans. | in diseased piglets from two dutch pig-breeding farms with neonatal diarrhoea for more than a year, culture and pcr analyses identified the involved microorganism as clostridium difficile pcr ribotype 078 harbouring toxin a (tcda) and b (tcdb), and binary toxin genes. isolated strains showed a 39 bp deletion in the tcdc gene and they were ermb gene-negative. a number of 11 porcine and 21 human isolated c. difficile pcr ribotype 078 toxinotype v strains were found genetically related by multiple- ... | 2009 | 19196280 |
| clostridium difficile-associated disease in the elderly, united states. | 2009 | 19193291 | |
| successful containment of a norovirus outreak in an acute adult psychiatric area. | we describe a norovirus outbreak in an acute adult psychiatric area in a tertiary care hospital. containment of the outbreak was challenging because of the patients' psychiatric conditions and the area's configuration. on the basis of this experience, recommendations were made to help prevent a similar scenario in the future. | 2009 | 19193019 |
| antimotility agents for the treatment of clostridium difficile infection: is the juice worth the squeeze? | 2009 | 19191647 | |
| antimotility agents for the treatment of clostridium difficile diarrhea and colitis. | antimotility agent use for the treatment of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is discouraged. we reviewed the literature and unpublished postmarketing surveillance reports regarding antimotility treatment of cdi. twenty reports met inclusion criteria, describing 55 patients with cdi who were exposed to antimotility agents. all studies were case reports or series, with the exception of 1 retrospective review. nineteen patients (35%) improved, with clinical resolution. nine patients (16%) died ... | 2009 | 19191646 |
| clostridium difficile infection: same incidence and worse prognosis? | 2009 | 19191642 | |
| health care-associated clostridium difficile infection in adults admitted to acute care hospitals in canada: a canadian nosocomial infection surveillance program study. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the most frequent cause of health care-associated infectious diarrhea in industrialized countries. the only previous report describing the incidence of health care-associated cdi (ha cdi) in canada was conducted in 1997 by the canadian nosocomial infection surveillance program. we re-examined the incidence of ha cdi with an emphasis on patient outcomes. | 2009 | 19191641 |
| device-independent, real-time identification of bacterial pathogens with a metal oxide-based olfactory sensor. | a novel olfactory method for bacterial species identification using an electronic nose device called the mononose was developed. differential speciation of micro-organisms present in primary cultures of clinical samples could be performed by real-time identification of volatile organic compounds (vocs) produced during microbial replication. kinetic measurements show that the dynamic changes in headspace gas composition are orders of magnitude larger than the static differences at the end of ferm ... | 2009 | 19190942 |
| a 76-year-old man with recurrent clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: review of c. difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a common and increasingly severe nosocomial infectious disease. the case of mr s, a 76-year-old man with multiple recurrences of cdi, illustrates the difficulties in treating recurrent disease and the way it complicates the management of other medical conditions. risk factors for cdi include antimicrobial use, hospital admission, advancing age, and severe underlying disease. a clinical diagnosis of cdi is usually confirmed by identifying c. difficile toxi ... | 2009 | 19190304 |
| autologous non-myeloablative haemopoietic stem cell transplantation in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a phase i/ii study. | autologous non-myeloablative haemopoietic stem cell transplantation is a method to deliver intense immune suppression. we evaluated the safety and clinical outcome of autologous non-myeloablative haemopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (ms) who had not responded to treatment with interferon beta. | 2009 | 19186105 |
| the role of immunoglobulin for the treatment of clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review. | clostridium difficile is the most common infectious cause of nosocomial healthcare-associated diarrhea. the increasing prevalence of c difficile, spread in the community, virulence and frequent relapse has created an urgent need to identify new effective treatments for c. difficile infection. among these, intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig) is used for cases of severe c. difficile infection. we undertook a systematic review to examine the published literature pertaining to the use of immunoglobuli ... | 2009 | 19186089 |
| structural insights into the molecular organization of the s-layer from clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile expresses a surface layer (s-layer) which coats the surface of the bacterium and acts as an adhesin facilitating interaction of the bacterium with host enteric cells. the s-layer contains a high-molecular-weight s-layer protein (hmw slp) and its low-molecular-weight partner protein (lmw slp). we show that these proteins form a tightly associated non-covalent complex, the h/l complex, and we identify the regions of both proteins responsible for complex formation. the 2.4 a x ... | 2009 | 19183279 |
| proton pump inhibitors increase significantly the risk of clostridium difficile infection in a low-endemicity, non-outbreak hospital setting. | proton pump inhibitors (ppi) have been linked to higher risk of clostridium difficile infection (cdi). the relevance of this association in hospitals with low disease activity, where an outbreak strain is nondominant, has been assessed in relatively few studies. | 2009 | 19183143 |
| clostridium difficile infections in children. | 2009 | 19174687 | |
| [clostridium-difficile-associated diarrhea]. | clostridium difficile is the most frequent cause of nosocomial diarrhea and is a significant cause of morbidity among hospitalized patients. the inflammation is produced as a result of a non-specific response to toxins. in the last few years, a hypervirulent strain, nap1/bi/027, has been reported. symptoms usually consist of abdominal pain and diarrhea. the diagnosis should be suspected in any patient who develops diarrhea during antibiotic therapy or 6-8 weeks after treatment. diagnosis should ... | 2009 | 19174100 |
| [pseudomembranous colitis: ct-findings]. | 2009 | 19173153 | |
| what is on that keyboard? detecting hidden environmental reservoirs of clostridium difficile during an outbreak associated with north american pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type 1 strains. | numerous studies have demonstrated that environmental surfaces in the rooms of patients with clostridium difficile infection (cdi) are often contaminated with spores. however, less information is available regarding the frequency of contamination of environmental surfaces outside of cdi isolation rooms. | 2009 | 19171247 |
| infection control practices related to clostridium difficile infection in acute care hospitals in canada. | we carried out a survey to identify the infection prevention and control practices in place in canadian hospitals participating in the canadian nosocomial infection surveillance program (cnisp). | 2009 | 19171246 |
| healthcare-associated infections: epidemiology, prevention, and therapy. | reducing nosocomial infection rates is a major component of healthcare improvement. this article reviews the epidemiology, prevention, and therapy for some of the most common healthcare-associated infections, including central line-associated bloodstream infections and catheter-associated urinary tract infections, and 3 common organisms: methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, multidrug- resistant gram-negative bacteria, and clostridium difficile. | 2009 | 19170222 |
| auranofin disrupts selenium metabolism in clostridium difficile by forming a stable au-se adduct. | clostridium difficile is a nosocomial pathogen whose incidence and importance are on the rise. previous work in our laboratory characterized the central role of selenoenzyme-dependent stickland reactions in c. difficile metabolism. in this work we have identified, using mass spectrometry, a stable complex formed upon reaction of auranofin (a gold-containing drug) with selenide in vitro. x-ray absorption spectroscopy supports the structure that we proposed on the basis of mass-spectrometric data. ... | 2009 | 19165513 |
| waterlow score to predict patients at risk of developing clostridium difficile-associated disease. | this study describes the development and testing of an assessment tool to predict the risk of patients developing clostridium difficile-associated disease (cdad). the three phases of the study include the development of the tool, prospective testing of the validity of the tool using 1468 patients in a medical assessment unit and external retrospective testing using data from 29 425 patients. in the first phase of the study, receiver operating characteristic (roc) analysis identified the waterlow ... | 2009 | 19162374 |
| prospective derivation and validation of a clinical prediction rule for recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | prevention of recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a substantial therapeutic challenge. a previous prospective study of 63 patients with cdi identified risk factors associated with recurrence. this study aimed to develop a prediction rule for recurrent cdi using the above derivation cohort and prospectively evaluate the performance of this rule in an independent validation cohort. | 2009 | 19162027 |
| case-controlled review of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea in southern tasmania. | while the incidence of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (cdad) has increased sharply over the last 15 years, its risk factors are still not well defined. the aim of this study was to review cases of cdad at the major teaching hospital in tasmania, australia, to identify risk factors for cdad and their association with prognosis. | 1997 | 19160724 |
| antimicrobial prophylaxis for colorectal surgery. | research shows that administration of prophylactic antibiotics before colorectal surgery prevents postoperative surgical wound infection (swi). the best antibiotic choice, timing of administration and route of administration remain undetermined. | 2009 | 19160191 |
| [a case of pseudomembranous colitis associated with rifampicin therapy in a patient with rectal cancer and gastrointestinal tuberculosis]. | pseudomembranous colitis (pmc) is known to be associated with the administration of antibiotics which alter normal gastrointestinal flora and allow overgrowth of clostridium difficile. most cases of rifampicin-induced pmc are seen in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, but not with gastrointestinal tuberculosis. we report a case of pmc associated with rifampicin therapy in a patient with gastrointestinal tuberculosis. a 65-year-old female patient with rectal cancer and gastrointestinal tubercu ... | 2009 | 19158472 |
| characterization of clostridium difficile strains isolated from immunosuppressed inpatients in a hospital in rio de janeiro, brazil. | the aim of this work was to identify and characterize clostridium difficile strains from fecal and hospital environmental samples. c. difficile toxins were detected by elisa in 28.5% of the analyzed samples. four strains were isolated from immunosuppressed inpatients presenting antibiotic-associated diarrhea. all strains possessed tcda and tcdb genes and did not present neither the cdta and cdtb genes nor any significant deletions in the tcdc gene. pfge and pcr-ribotyping analysis showed that tw ... | 2009 | 19154793 |
| laboratory diagnosis of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea: microbiologists (should) do it with culture. | 2009 | 19152191 | |
| [the frequency of clostridium difficile toxin in neutropenic and non-neutropenic patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea and analysis of the risk factors]. | this study was carried out in order to investigate the frequency of clostridium difficile toxin in the stool samples of hospitalized 74 neutropenic (mean age: 41.78 +/- 14.3 years; 40 male) and 75 non-neutropenic patients (mean age: 44.09 +/- 15.6 years; 30 male) who developed antibiotic-associated diarrhea between january 2003-september 2004 in a university hospital and also to analyze the related risk factors. c. difficile toxin a and toxin a/b were searched by immunochromatographic method (to ... | 2008 | 19149078 |
| etiology of acute gastroenteritis in three sentinel general practices, austria 2007. | we studied the etiology of acute gastroenteritis in a village with a total population of approximately 6,000. this is the first study in austria that has investigated a broad range of pathogens recovered from an unselected population of patients who had consulted general practitioners because of gastroenteritis. | 2009 | 19148576 |
| pitfalls in the comparison of intercountry prevalence of healthcare-associated infection. | 2009 | 19144447 | |
| high frequency of rifampin resistance identified in an epidemic clostridium difficile clone from a large teaching hospital. | rifampin is used as adjunctive therapy for clostridium difficile-associated disease, and the drug's derivative, rifaximin, has emerged as an attractive antimicrobial for treatment of c. difficile-associated disease. rifampin resistance in c. difficile strains has been reported to be uncommon. | 2009 | 19140738 |
| feasibility and tolerability of probiotics for prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in hospitalized us military veterans. | probiotics may be efficacious for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. the tolerability and acceptability of probiotics in an elderly us veteran population has not been assessed. | 2008 | 19138244 |
| is rotavirus contributing to an increase of diarrhoea in a region of spain? | diarrhoeal illnesses are the most frequent of notifiable diseases in aragon. physicians notify diarrhoea cases with presumed infectious origin on a weekly basis. following an increase in 2005-2006, we aimed to identify the responsible organism(s) in order to inform control measures. we described seasonality of diarrhoea notifications for 1998-2004 and 2005-2006. we calculated correlations between diarrhoea notifications and enteric pathogens diagnosed in two aragonese laboratories, and applied l ... | 2009 | 19134236 |
| nitazoxanide versus vancomycin in clostridium difficile infection: a randomized, double-blind study. | vancomycin is the only us food and drug administration-approved drug for treatment of clostridium difficile infection (cdi). metronidazole has been widely used for this purpose but may be inferior to vancomycin, especially for hospitalized patients with severe disease. we report a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial comparing nitazoxanide with vancomycin for treatment of cdi. | 2009 | 19133801 |
| typing clostridium difficile strains based on tandem repeat sequences. | genotyping of epidemic clostridium difficile strains is necessary to track their emergence and spread. portability of genotyping data is desirable to facilitate inter-laboratory comparisons and epidemiological studies. | 2009 | 19133124 |
| [diagnostics and therapy of chronic diarrhea in elderly people]. | 2008 | 19130728 | |
| multipronged intervention strategy to control an outbreak of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and its impact on the rates of cdi from 2002 to 2007. | at the end of 2002, a new, more virulent strain of clostridium difficile, designated bi/nap1, was the cause of a massive outbreak of infection in the province of quebec. this particular strain was associated with a dramatic increase in morbidity and mortality among affected patients in 2003-2004. we tested and implemented a multipronged infection control approach to curtail the rate of c. difficile infection (cdi). | 2009 | 19125681 |
| physical and chemical factors influencing the germination of clostridium difficile spores. | to investigate the influence of chemical and physical factors on the rate and extent of germination of clostridium difficile spores. | 2008 | 19120667 |
| clostridial typhlitis associated with topical antibiotic therapy in a syrian hamster. | a syrian hamster that had been treated with topical antibiotic ointment for 10 days following injuries sustained during fighting was presented moribund. postmortem and microscopic examinations revealed lesions consistent with clostridial typhlitis and enteritis. anaerobic culture of caecal contents resulted in the isolation of two clostridium species, and caecal contents contained clostridium difficile enterotoxins. based on these findings, a diagnosis of acute c. difficile enterotoxaemia was ma ... | 2009 | 19116288 |
| clostridium difficile-related hospitalizations among us adults, 2006. | 2009 | 19116073 | |
| rho proteins are negative regulators of tlr2, tlr3, and tlr4 signaling in astrocytes. | the family of toll-like receptors (tlrs) expressed by innate immune cells recognizes a spectrum of microbial components as well as molecules released from injured tissues. tlr ligation activates intracellular signaling cascades that culminate in the up-regulation of proinflammatory genes. we have recently demonstrated that the up-regulation of inflammatory cytokines mediated by tlr4 in astrocytes is negatively controlled by the monomeric gtpases of rho subfamily. the present study was undertaken ... | 2009 | 19115402 |
| renewed interest in a difficult disease: clostridium difficile infections--epidemiology and current treatment strategies. | renewed interest in clostridium difficile infections (cdi) is stimulating research into the pathogenesis and virulence factors for this pathogen. this review summarizes recent progress in the field, particularly in relation to the changing epidemiologic trends and new investigational treatments. | 2009 | 19114771 |
| probiotics as prevention and treatment for diarrhea. | to critically appraise evidence on probiotic use for prevention and treatment of diarrhea in children and adults. | 2009 | 19114770 |
| activity of vancomycin against epidemic clostridium difficile strains in a human gut model. | vancomycin and metronidazole remain the only primary options for the treatment of clostridium difficile infection (cdi). recent reports have suggested a superior clinical response to vancomycin therapy compared with metronidazole, but this has been difficult to prove or explain. there are few robust in vitro data of the effects of antibiotic treatment of cdi in a gut reflective setting. | 2009 | 19112083 |
| management of clostridium difficile infection--medical or surgical? | 2008 | 19110818 | |
| clostridium difficile infection and surgery. | 2009 | 19109823 | |
| infectious disease. vancomycin should be the drug of choice for severe clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. | 2008 | 19107100 | |
| clostridium difficile infections in a shanghai hospital: antimicrobial resistance, toxin profiles and ribotypes. | the incidence of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has risen markedly since 2003, however data from china are limited. a 1-year study was conducted at the university hospital huashan to characterise clinical isolates of c. difficile. of 74 isolates, 56 were from the first episode of cdi (43 a(+)b(+) and 13 a(-)b(+)), 5 were from recurrences and 13 were toxin-negative. no binary toxin or tcdc deletion was detected. all strains were susceptible to metronidazole, vancomycin, meropenem and piper ... | 2009 | 19097757 |
| temocillin revived. | resistance in gram-negative pathogens is an increasing concern, with carbapenems often appearing as the only acceptable treatment option in serious infections. reviving older compounds that have fallen into disuse may help to alleviate this burden. temocillin (6-alpha-methoxy-ticarcillin) is resistant to most if not all classical and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and to ampc enzymes. it is also chemically stable, allowing administration by continuous infusion. pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic ... | 2009 | 19095679 |
| evaluation of enzyme immunoassays to detect clostridium difficile toxin from anaerobic stool culture. | stool culture for clostridium difficile, while necessary for strain typing and antimicrobial surveillance, cannot determine toxin production. we prospectively tested in triplicate 91 c difficile cultured isolates for toxin production by 2 enzyme immunoassays (eias) (meridian premier toxins a&b, meridian bioscience, cincinnati, oh; and techlab tox a/b ii, techlab, blacksburg, va) and cytotoxin neutralization bioassay (ctn). by ctn, 88% (80/91) were toxigenic. reproducibility was 93% (85/91) for c ... | 2009 | 19095569 |
| new antimicrobial agents for patients with clostridium difficile infections. | current drug treatment of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) focuses on metronidazole and vancomycin. early studies showed equivalence, but more recent reports indicate that oral vancomycin is preferred for serious cdi. recent work has demonstrated a need for new drugs due to challenges with the nap-1 strain, which appears to cause more refractory disease that is more likely to relapse. these two distinctive facets of treatment are the most challenging. this review discusses new agents in dev ... | 2009 | 19094821 |
| can metronidazole still be used for treatment of clostridium difficile infections? | 2009 | 19094818 | |
| clostridium difficile. | 2008 | 19093359 | |
| harbingers for clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. | : recent research has recognized surrogate markers for clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad). among the most consistently identified markers are the leukocyte count, platelet count, and albumin level. previous investigators failed to exclude patients with hematologic disorders that may have confounded their results. therefore, the exclusion of this subset from our study lends it a unique perspective. | 2009 | 19092680 |
| nosocomial outbreak of clostridium difficile-associated disease in a pediatric intensive care unit in madrid. | 2009 | 19090768 | |
| mucin dynamics in intestinal bacterial infection. | bacterial gastroenteritis causes morbidity and mortality in humans worldwide. murine citrobacter rodentium infection is a model for gastroenteritis caused by the human pathogens enteropathogenic escherichia coli and enterohaemorrhagic e. coli. mucin glycoproteins are the main component of the first barrier that bacteria encounter in the intestinal tract. | 2008 | 19088856 |
| alpha-defensins and clostridium difficile recent growing concerns in inflammatory bowel disease. | 2008 | 19086982 | |
| an unusual case of acute abdomen -? is it c. difficile infection. | 2008 | 19086365 | |
| clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea with hematochezia is associated with ulcer formation. | clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) is a well-known iatrogenic infection with typical endoscopic features including pseudomembranes and intervening normal mucosa. clinically, diarrhea frequently occurs, but occurrence of hematochezia is rare. the objective of this study was to investigate the background and endoscopic features of cdad patients with hematochezia. | 2008 | 19086279 |
| a randomized, double-blind study comparing clostridium difficile immune whey and metronidazole for recurrent clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea: efficacy and safety data of a prematurely interrupted trial. | a prospective, randomized, double-blind study was designed to compare clostridium difficile immune whey (cdiw) with metronidazole for treatment of laboratory-confirmed, recurrent, mild to moderate episodes of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (cdad). cdiw was manufactured by immunization of cows in their gestation period with inactivated c. difficile vaccine. the resulting colostrum was processed, immunoglubulins were concentrated and the end-product containing high titres of c. diffici ... | 2008 | 19086244 |
| avoiding pitfalls: what an endoscopist should know in liver transplantation--part ii. | over the last decade the number of patients undergoing transplantation has increased. at the same time, effective peri- and postoperative care and better surgical techniques have resulted in greater numbers of recipients achieving long-term survival. identification and effective management in the form of adequate treatment is essential, since any delay in diagnosis or treatment may result in graft loss or serious threat to patient's life. various aspects of endoscopic findings that can be common ... | 2009 | 19085103 |
| a prospective study of risk factors and historical trends in metronidazole failure for clostridium difficile infection. | recent studies of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) have indicated a dramatic increase in metronidazole failure. the aims of this study were to compare current and historical rates of metronidazole failure and to identify risk factors for metronidazole failure. | 2008 | 19081526 |
| increased number of clostridium difficile infections and prevalence of clostridium difficile pcr ribotype 001 in southern germany. | in recent years, clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has emerged as an increasing problem, both in in- and outpatients. in a rural region of southern germany, the annual number of c. difficile toxin (tcd)-positive patients has increased from 95 to 796 in the period from 2000 to 2007. simultaneously, the proportion of positive tests among all tcd examinations has risen from 7.0% to 12.8%, indicating that the higher number of affected patients was not solely due to an increase in the number of a ... | 2008 | 19081002 |
| reactive arthritis following clostridium difficile colitis in a 3-year-old patient. | reactive arthritis following antibiotic-associated clostridium difficile (cd) colitis is becoming increasingly recognized in adults; 20 cases have been reported in the medical literature. we describe a 3-year-old patient with reactive arthritis following cd colitis, the first such reported case in a pediatric patient. the clinical features of reactive arthritis following cd colitis appear similar to those of more frequently described pathogens. the arthritis usually occurs 1-2 weeks after the on ... | 1997 | 19078131 |
| predictors of serious complications due to clostridium difficile infection. | identifying individuals with severe clostridium difficile infection (cdi) at risk for major complications has become an important objective. presence of clinical variables that predict complications from cdi would have the potential to strongly influence management. | 2009 | 19077106 |
| comparison of a commercial real-time pcr assay for tcdb detection to a cell culture cytotoxicity assay and toxigenic culture for direct detection of toxin-producing clostridium difficile in clinical samples. | rapid detection of toxin-producing strains of clostridium difficile is essential for optimal management of patients with c. difficile infection. the bd geneohm (san diego, ca) cdiff assay, a real-time pcr assay that amplifies tcdb, was compared to a cell culture neutralization assay (wampole c. difficile toxin b [tox-b] test; techlab, blacksburg, va) and to toxigenic culture. using liquid (n = 273) and soft (n = 131) stool specimens from 377 symptomatic patients, all testing was performed on the ... | 2009 | 19073875 |
| effective and reduced-cost modified selective medium for isolation of clostridium difficile. | both for epidemiologic studies and for diagnostic testing, there is a need for effective, economical, and readily available selective media for the culture of clostridium difficile. we have developed a reduced-cost substitute for cycloserine-cefoxitin-fructose agar (ccfa), which is an effective but expensive selective medium for c. difficile. the modified medium, called c. difficile brucella agar (cdba), includes an enriched brucella base as a substitute for proteose peptone no. 2, and the conce ... | 2009 | 19073869 |
| treatment strategies for recurrent and refractory clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. | clostridium difficile, the most common nosocomial infection of the gi tract, has become a bigger threat with the emergence of a hypervirulent strain. c. difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) is usually a consequence of antibiotic therapy or chemotherapy, but sporadic cases occur, and an increase in severe sporadic cases is of great concern. epidemics of cdad with high morbidity and mortality have been documented in the usa, canada and europe, making accurate diagnosis, effective therapy and strat ... | 2007 | 19072422 |
| outcomes following colectomy for clostridium difficile colitis. | clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea has become an important health problem in uk hospitals but surgical intervention is rarely required. there is little evidence regarding best practice for patients requiring surgical intervention. the aim of this multicentre study was to review our experience in patients requiring surgery for c. difficile colitis. | 2009 | 19070558 |
| increase in clostridium difficile-related hospitalizations among infants in the united states, 2000-2005. | virulence and mortality of clostridium difficile-associated disease (cdad) are increasing in the united states. infant cdad hospitalization incidence nearly doubled from 2.8 to 5.1 cases per 10,000 hospitalizations between 2000 and 2005. because incidence of hospitalizations with other infectious enteritides has remained essentially stable, this growth in cdad cannot be explained by a gastroenteritis reporting bias. | 2008 | 19068517 |
| could clostridium difficile delay dental treatment for geriatric patients? | 2008 | 19068062 | |
| severe pseudomembranous colitis after moxifloxacin use: a case series. | to describe the illnesses of 4 patients who developed severe pseudomembranous colitis after receiving moxifloxacin. | 2009 | 19066322 |
| c. difficile: a dangerous threat. | 2008 | 19065929 | |
| clostridium difficile infection in solid organ transplant recipients. | to provide a general understanding of clostridium difficile infection with a focus on recent publications that evaluate the disease in solid organ transplant recipients. | 2008 | 19060548 |
| chenodeoxycholate is an inhibitor of clostridium difficile spore germination. | some cholate derivatives that are normal components of bile can act with glycine to induce the germination of clostridium difficile spores, but at least one bile component, chenodeoxycholate, does not induce germination. here we show that chenodeoxycholate inhibits the germination of c. difficile spores in response to cholate and taurocholate. | 2009 | 19060152 |
| diagnosis and management of urinary tract infection in hospitalized older people. | to compare the diagnosis and management of urinary tract infection (uti) in hospitalized older people with clinical criteria and therapeutic guidelines. | 2009 | 19054190 |
| measuring the severity of clostridium difficile infection: implications for management and drug development. | the appropriate management of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has become a growing clinical and economic issue, as a new epidemic strain with enhanced virulence is causing increased morbidity and mortality. presently, only two antibiotics (metronidazole and vancomycin) are routinely used to treat cdi. both increasing disease severity and recurrent infections have been an impetus not only to develop new agents, but also to better recognize which patients are at highest risk for treatment fa ... | 2008 | 19053902 |
| review of current literature on the economic burden of clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile is well recognized as the most common infectious cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea. since 2000, this pathogen has demonstrated an increased propensity to cause more frequent and virulent illness that is often refractory to treatment. an analysis by the centers for disease control and prevention revealed that, in the united states, the number of patients discharged from hospitals who received the international classification of diseases, ninth revision discharge diagno ... | 2009 | 19049438 |
| [unexpected cause of acute renal failure in an 85-year-old woman]. | acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis (apign) is usually diagnosed in young people, while in elderly people rapidly progressive forms appear to be the most important glomerular disease causing acute renal failure. we report on a 85-year-old woman with acute renal failure due to apign. an 85-year-old woman with a history of hypertension and cerebrovascular disease was hospitalized because of diarrhea and syncope associated with atrial fibrillation. she was found to have left lower lobe pneumoni ... | 2008 | 19048577 |
| clostridium difficile colitis: a silent epidemic in the united states. | 2008 | 19047985 | |
| epidemiological features of clostridium difficile-associated disease among inpatients at children's hospitals in the united states, 2001-2006. | clostridium difficile is the main cause of nosocomial and antibiotic-associated diarrhea in adults. recently, the incidence and severity of c difficile-associated disease in adults have been increasing. whether similar phenomena are occurring among children remains unknown. our study describes the epidemiological features of c difficile-associated disease in hospitalized children. | 2008 | 19047244 |
| autocatalytic processing of clostridium difficile toxin b. binding of inositol hexakisphosphate. | clostridium difficile toxins a and b are major virulence factors responsible for induction of pseudomembranous colitis and antibiotic-associated diarrhea in men. the toxins possess a multidomain structure and only the n-terminal glucosyltransferase domain, which inactivates rho gtpases by glucosylation, is translocated into the cytosol of target cells. processing of the toxin occurs by autocatalytic cleavage and is activated by inositol hexakisphosphate (insp6). here we studied the inherent prot ... | 2009 | 19047051 |
| skin and environmental contamination with vancomycin-resistant enterococci in patients receiving oral metronidazole or oral vancomycin treatment for clostridium difficile-associated disease. | oral metronidazole has been recommended for treatment of mild-to-moderate clostridium difficile-associated disease (cdad), in part because of concern that use of vancomycin may be more likely to promote colonization and transmission of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre). the objective of our study was to compare the frequency of skin and environmental vre contamination associated with metronidazole treatment for cdad with such frequency associated with vancomycin treatment for cdad. | 2009 | 19046063 |
| cranberry or trimethoprim for the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections? a randomized controlled trial in older women. | to compare the effectiveness of cranberry extract with low-dose trimethoprim in the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections (utis) in older women. | 2009 | 19042940 |
| pain and palliative care pharmacotherapy literature summaries and analyses. | timely and important studies are reviewed and commentaries provided by leading palliative care clinicians. symptoms, interventions, mechanisms of action, and treatment-related adverse events addressed in this issue are: analgesia in the management of the acute abdomen; comparative antibiotic treatment of clostridium difficile; impact of weather on joint pain; treatment of constipation; and, risk of increased mortality with antipsychotics in dementia patients. | 2008 | 19042839 |
| quantitative detection of clostridium difficile in hospital environmental samples by real-time polymerase chain reaction. | c. difficile-associated diarrhoea occurs commonly in hospitals and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. hospital surfaces are often contaminated with nosocomial pathogens and may be responsible for cross-transmission, especially if hardy gram-positive and spore-forming organisms are involved. the aim of this study was to quantify c. difficile in the hospital environment near c. difficile-positive and -negative patients using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. a tot ... | 2009 | 19041162 |
| ruwa scoring system: a novel predictive tool for the identification of patients at high risk for complications from clostridium difficile infection. | 2009 | 19041159 | |
| new multiplex pcr method for the detection of clostridium difficile toxin a (tcda) and toxin b (tcdb) and the binary toxin (cdta/cdtb) genes applied to a danish strain collection. | isolates of clostridium difficile from 159 hospitalized danish patients (2005) were analysed by a new 5-plex pcr method targeting the toxin genes tcda, tcdb, cdta and cdtb, and 16s rdna as an internal positive control. additionally, the toxin-regulating gene tcdc was partially sequenced by a new sequencing-based method that revealed genetic changes that may render the gene product inactive. finally tcda was analysed using a previously published method for the detection of internal deletions. the ... | 2008 | 19040478 |
| fas death receptor enhances endocytic membrane traffic converging into the golgi region. | the death receptor fas/cd95 initiates apoptosis by engaging diverse cellular organelles including endosomes. the link between fas signaling and membrane traffic has remained unclear, in part because it may differ in diverse cell types. after a systematic investigation of all known pathways of endocytosis, we have clarified that fas activation opens clathrin-independent portals in mature t cells. these portals drive rapid internalization of surface proteins such as cd59 and depend upon actin-regu ... | 2009 | 19037097 |
| mobility and other predictors of hospitalization for urinary tract infection: a retrospective cohort study. | many hospitalizations for residents of skilled nursing facilities are potentially avoidable. factors that could prevent hospitalization for urinary tract infection (uti) were investigated, with focus on patient mobility. | 2008 | 19032784 |
| what have we learned about antimicrobial use and the risks for clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea? | clostridium difficile is recognized as a major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and colitis. antimicrobial agents have been repeatedly recognized as a causative risk for c. difficile-associated diarrhoea (cdad) and more recently fluoroquinolones have been particularly implicated. unfortunately, not all reports of antimicrobial associations with cdad have excluded variables other than antimicrobial use. prevention of cdad usually involves infection control interventions and antimicrobial ... | 2009 | 19028718 |
| prospective multicenter study evaluating fecal calprotectin in adult acute bacterial diarrhea. | every year, about 2.2 million deaths occur worldwide due to diarrhea. reliable diagnosis of patients with acute infectious diarrhea remains a formidable challenge to the clinicians. this is the first study reporting use of fecal calprotectin in diagnosing acute diarrhea. the aim was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of fecal calprotectin, fecal lactoferrin, and guaiac-based fecal occult blood test in a diverse group of consecutive patients with acute diarrhea in which routine bacterial stool cu ... | 2008 | 19028207 |