Publications

[affinity sorbents having magnetic properties in the clinical picture and diagnosis of communicable and non-communicable diseases].	affine magnetic sorbents which have no analogs in the practice of our country have been for the first time developed for the rapid diagnosis of various life-threatening diseases (plague, cholera, anthrax, glanders, meliodosis, tularemia, leptospirosis, dysentery, viral hepatitis a) and for the identification of their causative agents. the efficacy of new magnet-controlling test systems has been repeatedly confirmed by their applications in epidemiological events and emergencies: in the epidemiol ...	2002	11924124
our first line of defense against bioterrorism. part 1.	health care's response to the anthrax outbreak highlights our critical need to enlist sophisticated information technology (it) tools in the defense against bioterrorism. part 1 of a two-part series explains what went wrong in the most recent attack and suggests how a national it infrastructure might help in the future.	2002	11923974
anthrax vaccine is safe and effective-but needs improvement, says iom.		2002	11918923
[on bioterrorism].		2002	11915677
anthrax outbreak in mago national park, southern ethiopia.		2002	11913590
20/20 hindsight. months after anthrax claimed the lives of several. americans, hospitals review their reaction to the event--and plan for future crises.	last fall, after a nation suffered the unthinkable attacks of sept. 11, a second wave of terror held americans in its grip. questions still surround a series of baffling cases of anthrax that shook new york and connecticut. each of the hospitals involved report that despite the unsolved mysteries posed by these events, they are more cautious and better-prepared for future bioterrorism attacks.	2002	11913044
anthrax aftermath: adverse drug reactions, vaccine controversy undercut cdc extended treatment offer.		2002	11912887
[robert koch (1843-1910): a life in the trenches (against microbes, against virchow, and against so many other things)---and an unexpected parallel with golgi].		2002	11912879
relationship between prepregnancy anthrax vaccination and pregnancy and birth outcomes among us army women.	substantial concern surrounds the potential health effects of the anthrax vaccine, particularly the potential adverse effects on reproductive processes.	2002	11911758
despite finding anthrax vaccine useful, iom recommends seeking a better one.		2002	11911739
recognition and management of anthrax.		2002	11911138
recognition and management of anthrax.		2002	11911137
recognition and management of anthrax.		2002	11911136
risk factors for multisymptom illness in us army veterans of the gulf war.	this research study examined the prevalence of symptoms and identified risk factors for reported symptoms among a group of army gulf war (gw) veterans. a survey was mailed to all members of the ft. devens cohort in 1997, representing the third assessment of a group that consisted of 2949 us army soldiers deployed to the gulf, and was studied initially in 1991. a total of 1290 subjects responded to the mailed survey; aggressive follow-up methods to address non-response bias were employed. subject ...	2002	11911029
[anthrax. the pathogen, the disease picture and possible use as a biological weapon].		2001	11910856
[anthrax].		2001	11908180
cutaneous anthrax infection.		2002	11907300
recognition and management of anthrax.		2002	11907299
louis pasteur's beer of revenge.	although by the mid-nineteenth century evidence existed for an association between micoorganisms and disease, it was the combined efforts of louis pasteur and robert koch that created the germ theory of disease--the theory that specific microbes cause specific diseases. surprisingly, the relationship between the two founders of microbiology and immunology was far from friendly.	2001	11905832
bioterrorism watch. anthrax aftermath: adverse drug reactions, vaccine controversy undercut cdc extended treatment offer.		2002	11905387
anthrax update.		2002	11901645
ambulatory medical visits among anthrax-vaccinated and unvaccinated personnel after return from southwest asia.	the department of defense launched a mandatory anthrax immunization program for military personnel in december 1997. this program has been criticized for many reasons, including concern over side effects. this study was designed to give a quick answer to the question of whether vaccinated persons who deployed to southwest asia were more likely to seek medical care upon their return than their unvaccinated counterparts. the results demonstrated that there was no greater risk for vaccinated person ...	2002	11901567
the case for more active policy attention to health promotion.	until recently, when anthrax triggered a concern about preparedness in the public health infrastructure, u.s. health policy and health spending had been dominated by a focus on payment for medical treatment. the fact that many of the conditions driving the need for treatment are preventable ought to draw attention to policy opportunities for promoting health. following a brief review of the determinants of population health-genetic predispositions, social circumstances, environmental conditions, ...	2002	11900188
health's role with anthrax.		2002	11898266
clinical issues in the prophylaxis, diagnosis, and treatment of anthrax.		2002	11897081
planning for the unthinkable.		2002	11896629
mucosal or parenteral administration of microsphere-associated bacillus anthracis protective antigen protects against anthrax infection in mice.	existing licensed anthrax vaccines are administered parenterally and require multiple doses to induce protective immunity. this requires trained personnel and is not the optimum route for stimulating a mucosal immune response. microencapsulation of vaccine antigens offers a number of advantages over traditional vaccine formulations, including stability without refrigeration and the potential for utilizing less invasive routes of administration. recombinant protective antigen (rpa), the dominant ...	2002	11895967
improved anthrax vaccine is needed, claims report.		2002	11895815
managing emotional fallout. parting remarks from america's top psychiatrist. interview by diane coutu.	last fall, the united states was brutally thrust into a new and dangerous world. as the twin towers of the world trade center collapsed and the pentagon burned, the horrible reality of terrorism seared the american consciousness. it touched more than the victims and their families; everyone who sat transfixed before the horrific images on tv lived through the trauma. in a sense, we were all eyewitnesses, and we must all cope with feelings of anger, stress, and anxiety. that poses a huge immediat ...	2002	11894678
anthrax concerns persist in the usa.		2002	11892492
[bacillus anthracis: causative agent of anthrax].	anthrax, an acute infectious disease of historical importance, is once again regaining interest with its use as a biological weapon. it is caused by b. anthracis, a gram positive spore forming rod usually surrounded by a capsule and producing toxin. it occurs most frequently as an epizootic or enzootic disease of herbivores that acquire spores form direct contact with contaminated soil. spores can survive for many years in soil. animal vaccination programs have reduced drastically the disease in ...	2001	11892436
deliberate releases of biological agents: initial lessons for europe from events in the united states.	the experience of autumn 2001, when anthrax spores were released in the postal system, had considerable consequences in the united states and in europe. the threat of covert deliberate releases against civilians has become a reality. in europe, despite the growing number of criminal hoaxes, no cases of anthrax linked to deliberate releases have been reported, and the only contaminated letters were addressed to american embassies abroad. nevertheless, the time has come for europe to set up effici ...	2001	11891387
bioterrorism preparedness and response in european public health institutes.	the terrorist attacks on 11 september 2001 and the deliberate release of anthrax in the united states had consequences for public health not only there, but also in europe. europe's public health systems had to manage numerous postal materials possibly contaminated with anthrax. our survey aimed to document the response of european public health institutes to recent bioterrorist events to identify the gaps that need to be addressed; 18 institutes from 16 countries participated in this euroroundu ...	2001	11891386
tnf receptor 1, il-1 receptor, and inos genetic knockout mice are not protected from anthrax infection.	anthrax produces at least two toxins that cause an intense systemic inflammatory response, edema, shock, and eventually death. the relative contributions of various elements of the immune response to mortality and course of disease progression are poorly understood. we hypothesized that knockout mice missing components of the immune system will have an altered response to infection. parent strain mice and knockouts were challenged with ld95 of anthrax spores (5 x 10(6)) administered subcutaneous ...	2002	11890668
discovery of the anthrax toxin: the beginning of studies of virulence determinants regulated in vivo.	anthrax kills many animal species. it was used to prove koch's postulates in 1876. soon after that the classical bacterial toxins were produced in vitro, but up to 1950, a lethal toxin had not been demonstrated in either anthrax bacilli or filtrates from laboratory cultures. the cause of death had been an enigma for seventy years. during the 1950's, a toxin was recognized by examining bacteria and their products obtained from guinea pigs dying of anthrax. the toxin was found in their plasma and ...	2002	11890538
homeopathy and infectious disease: controversies raised by the recent foot-and-mouth disease and anthrax outbreaks.		2002	11890431
cdc chief koplan quits "the best job in public health".		2002	11888602
the plain lawyer's guide to bioterrorism.		2001	11887760
genetic relationships of bacillus anthracis and closely related species based on variable-number tandem repeat analysis and box-pcr genomic fingerprinting.	variable-number tandem repeats (vntr) analysis and box-repeat-based pcr (box-pcr) genomic fingerprinting were performed on 25 bacillus strains to investigate the genetic relatedness of bacillus anthracis to the closely related species. based on vntr analysis, all b. anthracis strains could be assigned to (vntr)(4), which is the most commonly found type in the world. interestingly, a (vntr)(2) was also observed in bacillus cereus kctc 1661 and with an exact match to the tandem repeats found in b. ...	2002	11886745
the incompatibility between the plcr- and atxa-controlled regulons may have selected a nonsense mutation in bacillus anthracis.	bacillus anthracis, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus cereus are members of the bacillus cereus group. these bacteria express virulence in diverse ways in mammals and insects. the pathogenic properties of b. cereus and b. thuringiensis in mammals results largely from the secretion of non-specific toxins, including haemolysins, the production of which depends upon a pleiotropic activator plcr. in b. anthracis, plcr is inactive because of a nonsense mutation in the plcr gene. this suggests that ...	2001	11886551
from the centers for disease control. status of us department of defense preliminary evaluation of the association of anthrax vaccination and congenital anomalies.		2002	11885583
responding to anthrax.		2001	11885187
prevention of inhalational anthrax in the u.s. outbreak.		2002	11884746
distinguishing influenza-like illness from inhalational anthrax.		2002	11883060
patient information sheet: anthrax.		2002	11883057
[the anthrax bacterium--a biological masterpiece with deadly potential].		2002	11881219
bioterrorism and physicians.		2002	11881175
anthrax inhalation and lethal human infection.		2002	11879896
anthrax inhalation and lethal human infection.		2002	11879895
anthrax.	anthrax is caused by bacillus anthracis, an encapulated and spore-forming bacillus. the disease is usually contracted through uptake of spores that remain viable in the contaminated soil for many years. anthrax is primarily a disease of herbivorous animals and is uncommon in humans who may get the infection through contact with contaminated animals or their products. anthrax spores germinate after entering the body through skin abrasions (cutaneous anthrax) or by inhalation (inhalation anthrax) ...	2002	11876121
man bites dog.		2002	11875510
bioterrorism becomes one of the hottest us research fields.		2002	11875468
emergency preparedness: the world trade center and singapore airline disasters.		2002	11874787
anthrax meningitis: case report and review.	we report a case of meningitis caused by bacillus anthracis. although this agent appears to be a rare pathogen, it should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of haemorrhagic meningitis cases owing to the high mortality rate associated with it.	2002	11874170
patient safety alert. anthrax outbreak forces closer focus on patient safety.		2002	11873646
nuclear, biological, and chemical combined injuries and countermeasures on the battlefield.	the armed forces radiobiological research institute (afrri) has developed a research program to determine the major health risks from exposure to ionizing radiation in combination with biological and chemical warfare agents and to assess the extent to which exposure to ionizing radiation compromises the effectiveness of protective drugs, vaccines, and other biological and chemical warfare prophylactic and treatment strategies. afrri's defense technology objective md22 supports the development of ...	2002	11873528
bacillus anthracis infection in irradiated mice: susceptibility, protection, and therapy.		2002	11873486
the agenda shifts to health care protection.		2002	11873441
bush moves to tighten security around scientific research.		2002	11872544
anthrax attack in the usa.		2001	11871791
apoptosis and melanogenesis in human melanoma cells induced by anthrax lethal factor inactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase.	lethal factor, the principal virulence factor of bacillus anthracis, inhibits mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) signaling by proteolytically cleaving mapk kinases. edema factor, another component of anthrax toxin, is an adenylate cyclase, which increases intracellular camp. inhibition of mapk signaling with either anthrax lethal toxin (letx) or small molecule mapk kinase inhibitors triggers apoptosis in human melanoma cells. normal melanocytes do not undergo apoptosis in response to mapk i ...	2002	11867750
evaluation of inhalational anthrax.		2002	11866636
evaluation of inhalational anthrax.		2002	11866635
desktop boost to anthrax studies.		2002	11864578
anthrax vaccine offered, but not recommended, as option to treat infection.		2002	11862627
the space race and biodefense: lessons from nasa about big science and the role of medical informatics.	the events that followed the launch of sputnik on oct 4, 1957, provide a metaphor for the events that are following the first bioterroristic case of pulmonary anthrax in the united states. this paper uses that metaphor to elucidate the nature of the task ahead and to suggest questions such as, can the goals of the biodefense effort be formulated as concisely and concretely as the goal of the space program? can we measure success in biodefense as we did for the space project? what are the existin ...	2002	11861624
traditions, anthrax, and children.	anthrax is sporadically seen in turkey, especially among people who live in rural areas and who come in contact with animals. two siblings with cutaneous anthrax are described in this report. a week before their admission to the hospital, contaminated cow's blood was smeared on their foreheads as part of a traditional ritual. both children were successfully treated with crystalline penicillin. in developing countries, traditions such as blood smearing may be an important factor in the transmissi ...	2002	11860568
the microbiology laboratory's role in response to bioterrorism.	bioterrorism has existed since before the 14th century; however, the specter of such an attack is much greater today than ever before. technical expertise in microbiology and molecular testing, combined with the rapidity of worldwide air travel, has ensured that no geographic area would be untouched in a widespread attack. clinical microbiology laboratories will play a pivotal role in the detection of attacks involving weapons of mass destruction.	2002	11860302
array-based electrical detection of dna with nanoparticle probes.	a dna array detection method is reported in which the binding of oligonucleotides functionalized with gold nanoparticles leads to conductivity changes associated with target-probe binding events. the binding events localize gold nanoparticles in an electrode gap; silver deposition facilitated by these nanoparticles bridges the gap and leads to readily measurable conductivity changes. an unusual salt concentration-dependent hybridization behavior associated with these nanoparticle probes was expl ...	2002	11859188
public health. is safe mail worth the price?		2002	11859178
analytical chemistry. new test could speed bioweapon detection.		2002	11859167
microbial genomics. tigr begins assault on the anthrax genome.		2002	11859162
uncoupling of the cholera toxin-g(m1) ganglioside receptor complex from endocytosis, retrograde golgi trafficking, and downstream signal transduction by depletion of membrane cholesterol.	to induce toxicity, cholera toxin (ct) must first bind ganglioside g(m1) at the plasma membrane, enter the cell by endocytosis, and then traffic retrograde into the endoplasmic reticulum. we recently proposed that g(m1) provides the sorting motif necessary for retrograde trafficking into the biosynthetic/secretory pathway of host cells, and that such trafficking depends on association with lipid rafts and lipid raft function. to test this idea, we examined whether ct action in human intestinal t ...	2002	11859071
response to bioterrorism. anthrax issue underlines need for infection specialists trained at bedside.		2002	11858182
response to bioterrorism. screening for agents of bioterrorism increases terror.		2002	11858180
response to bioterrorism. us anthrax incidents led to scares in scotland.		2002	11858179
attacking anthrax.		2002	11857900
from the centers of disease control and prevention. evaluation of postexposure antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent anthrax.		2002	11855386
[role of hormonal factors in pulmonary angiopathy development during anthrax-silicosis].	the article represents results of radionuclide study of hormonal levels and pulmonary microcirculation in anthracosilicosis. the authors discuss mechanisms underlying influence of vasoactive hormones on pulmonary microcirculation. the authors revealed relationships between hormonal and vascular disorders in anthracosilicosis.	2002	11855301
a recombinant carboxy-terminal domain of the protective antigen of bacillus anthracis protects mice against anthrax infection.	the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of overlapping regions of the protective antigen (pa) polypeptide, cloned and expressed as glutathione s-transferase fusion proteins, have been assessed. results show that protection can be attributed to individual domains and imply that it is domain 4 which contains the dominant protective epitopes of pa.	2002	11854261
risk of deliberately induced anthrax outbreak.		2002	11853840
biological warfare: implications for antimicrobial use.	biological warfare is intended to incapacitate a large number of individuals at a single exposure, creating epidemic-type disease, death, and social chaos. the organisms with potential for immediate use as bacteriologic weapons are bacillus anthracis, brucella melitensis, yersinia pestis, and vibrio cholera, all necessitating antibiotic therapy for a cure. it is reasonable, therefore, to assume that a biological attack, or even a hoax, would requiure thousands of individuals over a large area to ...	2002	11853654
bioterrorism: a primer for 2002.	the often anticipated, sometimes dismissed, threat of biological terrorism became a reality in the united states in the fall of 2001 with cases of cutaneous and inhalation anthrax. as the public health sector is rapidly focusing on enhancing awareness and preparedness, this overview is intended as a primer for clinicians. the more probable events, their most prominent characteristics, and currently available management strategies are summarized. the biowarfare characteristics of plague, tularemi ...	2002	11852669
vaccines for adults in an age of terrorism.	vaccines are an effective, safe, and relatively inexpensive means of preventing infection; thus, they are important tools for fighting biological terrorism. two diseases, anthrax and smallpox, for which vaccines are not available to the general public are discussed. three other vaccines--tetanus toxoid, influenza vaccine, and hepatitis b vaccine--generally recommended for adults, may be in short supply as a result of recent acts of terrorism.	2002	11852666
anthrax and other microbial threats.		2001	11852629
[human anthrax outbreak due to cow anthrax in iwate prefecture].		2002	11852469
bioterrorism preparedness and response: clinicians and public health agencies as essential partners.		2002	11851584
cutaneous anthrax associated with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and coagulopathy in a 7-month-old infant.	a 7-month-old infant with cutaneous anthrax developed severe systemic illness despite early treatment with antibiotics. the infant displayed severe microangiopathic hemolytic anemia with renal involvement, coagulopathy, and hyponatremia. these findings are unusual with cutaneous anthrax, but have been described in illness resulting from spider toxin and may delay correct diagnosis. the systemic manifestations of the disease persisted for nearly a month despite corticosteroid therapy, but resolve ...	2002	11851579
fatal inhalational anthrax in a 94-year-old connecticut woman.	we describe the 11th case of bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax reported in the united states. the presenting clinical features of this 94-year-old woman were subtle and nondistinctive. the diagnosis was recognized because blood cultures were obtained prior to administration of antibiotics, emphasizing the importance of this diagnostic test in evaluating ill patients who have been exposed to bacillus anthracis. the patient's clinical course was characterized by progression of respiratory ...	2002	11851578
fatal inhalational anthrax with unknown source of exposure in a 61-year-old woman in new york city.	a 61-year-old woman who was a new york city hospital employee developed fatal inhalational anthrax, but with an unknown source of anthrax exposure. the patient presented with shortness of breath, malaise, and cough that had developed 3 days prior to admission. within hours of presentation, she developed respiratory failure and septic shock and required mechanical ventilation and vasopressor therapy. spiral contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the chest demonstrated large bilateral pleural ef ...	2002	11851577
[anthrax as biological weapon and hospital infection control routines].		2002	11851275
anthrax: safe treatment for children.	information regarding the treatment of anthrax infection is scarce in adults and is even more limited in children. children, however, may be at a greater risk for developing an infection and systemic disease if exposed to anthrax than adults. the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) recommends the use of doxycycline or ciprofloxacin for prophylaxis and treatment in children. doxycycline currently is not indicated for use in children < 8 years old, due to staining of teeth and inhibit ...	2002	11847958
bioterrorism update: "maintain a high index of suspicion".		2002	11845657
war against anthrax.		2001	11844866
amino acid- and purine ribonucleoside-induced germination of bacillus anthracis deltasterne endospores: gers mediates responses to aromatic ring structures.	specific combinations of amino acids or purine ribonucleosides and amino acids are required for efficient germination of endospores of bacillus anthracis deltasterne, a plasmidless strain, at ligand concentrations in the low-micromolar range. the amino acid l-alanine was the only independent germinant in b. anthracis and then only at concentrations of >10 mm. inosine and l-alanine both play major roles as cogerminants with several other amino acids acting as efficient cogerminants (his, pro, trp ...	2002	11844758
a cure for anthrax?		2002	11844555
protecting against bacillus anthracis.		2002	11842520
anthrax-related panic is more dangerous than the disease.		2002	11841857
absence of mycoplasma contamination in the anthrax vaccine.		2002	11840996
anthrax: the hunt narrows.		2002	11840859