Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| proteomic characterization of pseudorabies virus extracellular virions. | pseudorabies virus (prv), a member of the alphaherpesvirinae, has a complex multilayered extracellular virion that is structurally conserved among other herpesviruses. prv virions contain a double-stranded dna genome within a proteinaceous capsid surrounded by the tegument, a layer of viral and cellular proteins. the envelope layer, which encloses the capsid and tegument, contains viral transmembrane proteins anchored in a phospholipid bilayer. the viral and host proteins contained within virion ... | 2011 | 21525350 |
| human herpesvirus 6 suppresses t cell proliferation through the induction of infected cell cycle arrest in g2/m phase. | human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) is an important immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory virus which primarily infects immune cells and strongly suppresses the proliferation of infected cells. however, the mechanisms responsible for the regulation and suppression mediated by hhv-6 are still unknown. in this study, we examined the ability of hhv-6a to manipulate cell cycle progression in the infected cells and explored the potential molecular mechanisms. we demonstrated that infection with hhv-6a impos ... | 2011 | 21525341 |
| human herpesvirus-6 viral load and antibody titer in serum samples of patients with multiple sclerosis. | background: despite the number of cases with definite diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (ms) being on increase, the role of human herpesvirus-6 (hhv-6) infection as a trigger for ms disease still is deliberated. based on antibody detection and quantitative hhv-6 polymerase chain reaction assay, this study was achieved to find out the possible association between infection with hhv-6 and clinical progression of ms disease. methods: a total of 108 serum samples were obtained from 30 ms patients foll ... | 2011 | 21524958 |
| [multiple involvement of cranial nerves by an uncommon pathogen: human herpesvirus type 7.] | 2011 | 21524766 | |
| sequence variation in the herpes simplex virus us1 ocular virulence determinant. | purpose: the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) us1 gene encodes host-range and ocular virulence determinants. mutations in us1 affecting virulence are known in strain od4 but the genomic variation across several strains is not known. the goal was to determine the degree of sequence variation in the gene from several ocular hsv isolates. methods: the us1 gene from 6 ocular hsv-1 isolates, as well as strains kos and f were sequenced and bioinformatics analyses were applied to the data. results: ... | 2011 | 21519032 |
| pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta and pityriasis lichenoides chronica: comparison of lesional t-cell subsets and investigation of viral associations. | background: pityriasis lichenoides (pl) exhibits a broad clinical spectrum that includes both acute and chronic forms. the precise biologic mechanisms underlying pl remain unclear. objectives: to evaluate the immunohistochemical characteristics of pl and to investigate lesional t-cell subsets and the possible role of viral infection in its pathogenesis. patients and methods: samples from 10 patients with pl et varioliformis acuta (pleva) and 13 with pl chronica (plc) were analyzed immunohistoche ... | 2011 | 21518386 |
| human herpesvirus 6 and effectiveness of interferon beta 1b in multiple sclerosis patients. | background: human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) and epstein-barr virus (ebv) have been repeatedly associated with multiple sclerosis (ms) pathogenesis. also, it has been speculated that, besides its immunomodulatory properties, the efficacy of interferon beta (ifn-beta) in treating the disease may be related to its antiviral properties. the objectives of this study were to evaluate the in vivo antiviral effect of ifn-beta-1b over hhv-6 and ebv and to analyze whether such effect could be involved in its ... | 2011 | 21518144 |
| risk factors for post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease in patients with cystic fibrosis. | saueressig mg, boussaud v, amrein c, guillemain r, souilamas j, souilamas r. risk factors for post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease in patients with cystic fibrosis. clin transplant 2011 doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2011.01464.x. © 2011 john wiley & sons a/s. abstract: the objective of this study was to retrospectively analyze risk factors associated with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (ptld) in a cohort of 112 lung transplant recipients with cystic fibrosis (cf). prior to transp ... | 2011 | 21518001 |
| co-infection of human herpesvirus-6 and human herpesvirus-8 in primary cutaneous diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, leg type. | 2011 | 21517824 | |
| pharmacological management of kaposi's sarcoma. | introduction: kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is an angioproliferative disease that occurs in four clinical-epidemiological forms sharing the same immunological and histopathological features, suggesting common etiological and pathogenic factors. infection with the human herpesvirus 8, cytokine- and angiogenic factor-induced growth together with an immuno-dysregulated state represent fundamental conditions for the development of this tumor. despite the recent improvements in ks management, it remains an i ... | 2011 | 21517697 |
| [recent knowledge on the linkage of strain specific genotypes with clinical manifestations of human citomegalovirus disease]. | human citomegalovirus (cmv) is a beta-herpesvirus able to establish lifelong persistent infections which usually remain asymptomatic. however, severe diseases may develop in immunocompromised subjects (e.g., aids patients and transplant recipients) and if acquired in utero. circulating cmv clinical strains display genetic polymorphisms in multiple genes, which may be implicated in cmv-induced immunopathogenesis, as well as strain-specific tissue-tropism, viral spread in the host cells and virule ... | 2011 | 21516663 |
| feline herpesvirus-1 ocular manifestations, diagnosis and treatment options. | practical relevance: feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1) is a major cause of feline morbidity. following exposure to the virus, virtually all cats become persistently infected and many of these will develop recrudescent disease on one or more occasions during their lifetime. acute ocular herpetic disease manifests as conjunctivitis, corneal ulceration and keratitis, and can be severe and painful. repeated bouts of recrudescent ocular disease can lead to progressive corneal pathology that can be ultimat ... | 2011 | 21515221 |
| screening and identification of host factors interacting with ul14 of herpes simplex virus 1. | the ul14 protein of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) is highly conserved in herpesvirus family. however, its exact function during the hsv-1 replication cycle is little known. in the present study, a high throughput yeast two-hybrid system was employed to screen the cellular factors interacting with ul14, and five target candidates were yielded: (1) tsc22 domain family protein 3 (tsc22d3); (2) mediator of rna polymerase ii transcription subunit 8 isoform 1(med8); (3) runt-related transcriptio ... | 2011 | 21512757 |
| bronchial secretory iga deficiency correlates with airway inflammation and progression of copd. | rationale: although airway inflammation can persist for years after smoking cessation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), the mechanisms of persistent inflammation are largely unknown. objectives: we investigated relationships between bronchial epithelial remodeling, polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pigr) expression, secretory iga (siga), airway inflammation and mural remodeling in copd. methods: lung tissue specimens and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) were obtained fr ... | 2011 | 21512171 |
| plasma hhv8 dna predicts relapse inindividuals with hiv-associated multicentric castleman disease. | human immunodeficiency virus-associated multicentric castleman disease (hiv-mcd) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder caused by infection with human herpesvirus-8 (hhv8). the disease follows a relapsing and remitting clinical course, with marked systemic symptoms during an active attack which can prove fatal. its incidence is rising and new data indicates the utility of the anti-cd20 monoclonal antibody rituximab at inducing remissions in both first and second-line settings, although biomarker ... | 2011 | 21511959 |
| viral infection and pulmonary hypertension: is there an association? | pulmonary arterial hypertension (pah) may be idiopathic, familial or associated with various disease processes. the vascular lesions common to all are the plexiform lesions. it is well documented that the plexiform lesions are angioproliferative, but what leads to this angioproliferation is not so clear. here, we consider the association of viruses, including hiv, human herpesvirus-8, hepatitis b and hepatitis c, with angioproliferation and the development of pah. the pathogenesis of viral infec ... | 2011 | 21510731 |
| killing of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-infected fibroblasts during latent infection by activated natural killer cells. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) establishes life-long infection by evading clearance by the host immune system. in de novo infection and lytic replication, kshv escapes cytotoxic t cells and nk cells through downregulation of mhc class-i and icam-1 molecules and associated antigens involved in forming and sustaining the immunological synapse. however, the efficacy of such mechanisms in the context of the predominantly latent kshv infection reported in kaposi's sarcoma (ks) lesions ... | 2011 | 21509779 |
| comparative study of immune status to infectious agents in elderly patients with multiple myeloma, waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. | whereas patients with multiple myeloma (mm) have a well-documented susceptibility to infections, this has been less studied in other b-cell disorders, such as waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (wm) and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (mgus). we investigated the humoral immunity to 24 different pathogens in elderly patients with mm (n = 25), wm (n = 16), and mgus (n = 18) and in age-matched controls (n = 20). antibody titers against pneumococci, staphylococcal alpha-toxin, tetanu ... | 2011 | 21508164 |
| the single rbp-j{kappa} site within the lana promoter is crucial for establishing kshv latency during primary infection. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv, hhv8) is implicated in the pathogenesis of many human malignancies including kaposi's sarcoma (ks), multicentric castleman's disease (mcd) and primary effusion lymphoma (pel). kshv infection displays two alternative life cycles referred to as the latent and lytic or productive cycle. previously, we have reported that rta, a major lytic cycle transactivator contributes to the development of kshv latency by inducing lana expression during early stages ... | 2011 | 21507979 |
| analysis of transcriptional activities of the meq proteins present in highly virulent marek's disease virus strains, rb1b and md5. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is an oncogenic herpesvirus that causes malignant lymphomas in chickens. recent field isolates of mdv have tended to exhibit increasing virulence, and mdv strains are currently classified into four categories based on their relative virulence. meq, a putative mdv oncoprotein, resembles the jun/fos family of basic leucine zipper (bzip) transcription factors and can regulate the expression of viral and cellular genes as a homodimer or as a heterodimer with a variety of ... | 2011 | 21503681 |
| valganciclovir reduces t cell activation in hiv-infected individuals with incomplete cd4+ t cell recovery on antiretroviral therapy. | elevated immune activation persists during treated human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and is associated with blunted cd4 recovery and premature mortality, but its causes remain incompletely characterized. we hypothesized that asymptomatic cytomegalovirus (cmv) replication might contribute to immune activation in this setting. | 2011 | 21502083 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors associated to bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) infection in non-vaccinated dairy and dual purpose cattle herds in ecuador. | a cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated to bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) infection in non-vaccinated dairy and dual purpose cattle herds from ecuador. a total of 2367 serum samples from 346 herds were collected from june 2008 through february 2009. a questionnaire, which included variables related to cattle, health, management measures and environment was filled out in each herd. a commercial indirect elisa test was used to determine the ... | 2011 | 21501883 |
| interferon-γ influences immunity elicited by vaccines against very virulent marek's disease virus. | vaccination of chickens with herpesvirus of turkey (hvt) confers only partial protection against challenge with a very virulent marek's disease virus (mdv). here, we evaluated the ability of recombinant chicken interferon-gamma (rchifn-γ) to enhance protective efficacy of hvt against the very virulent mdv strain, rb1b. the bioactivity of ifn-γ expressed by a plasmid expression vector was confirmed by its ability to stimulate a chicken macrophage cell line (hd11) to produce nitric oxide (no) in v ... | 2011 | 21501630 |
| identification of herpesvirus types 1-8 in oral cavity of children/adolescents with chronic renal failure. | j oral pathol med (2011) the aim of this investigation was to identify the prevalence of herpesvirus types 1-8 in the oral cavity of subjects with chronic renal failure (crf) and healthy subjects and compare the two groups, and also correlate the presence of the virus with some characteristics of crf disease (the type of treatment, drugs administered for crf and the presence of oral manifestations). the sample was made up of 60 subjects (aged 4-20) divided into the renal group (rg) and healthy g ... | 2011 | 21501230 |
| compatibility of turkey herpesvirus-infectious bursal disease vector vaccine with marek's disease rispens vaccine injected into day-old pullets. | mixtures of turkey herpesvirus (hvt) and rispens poultry vaccines have been used worldwide for over 20 yr, mainly for vaccination of future layers and breeders. with increasing virulence of marek's disease (md) virus strains, vaccination strategies are evolving toward the use of vaccines combining hvt and rispens. a single vaccination either in ovo or at 1 day of age with the hvt + infectious bursal disease (ibd) vector vaccine is efficient against ibd. however, with vaccination programs that in ... | 2011 | 21500646 |
| viral infections in workers in hospital and research laboratory settings: a comparative review of infection modes and respective biosafety aspects. | to compare modes and sources of infection and clinical and biosafety aspects of accidental viral infections in hospital workers and research laboratory staff reported in scientific articles. | 2011 | 21497126 |
| microbiological safety of porcine islets: comparison with source pig. | pig islet donors intended for clinical xenotransplantation for the treatment of diabetes must meet stringent conditions. among others, viruses with the potential to cross the species barrier should be excluded from the herd: this list includes encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), hepatitis e virus (hev), porcine cytomegalovirus (pcmv) and porcine γ-lymphotropic herpesvirus (plhv). as an islet product is isolated from the pancreas and then subjected to culture before implantation, the question is r ... | 2011 | 21496116 |
| fatal columbid herpesvirus-1 infections in three species of australian birds of prey. | we document columbid herpesvirus-1 (cohv-1) infection in two barking owls (ninox connivens), a powerful owl (ninox strenua) and an australian hobby (falco longipennis). antemortem signs of infection were non-specific and the birds either died soon after they were identified as ill or were found dead unexpectedly. gross postmortem findings were also not specific. microscopically, marked to massive splenic and hepatic necrosis with the presence of eosinophilic inclusion bodies in remaining splenoc ... | 2011 | 21495992 |
| herpesviruses remodel host membranes for virus egress. | herpesviruses replicate their dna and package this dna into capsids in the nucleus. these capsids then face substantial obstacles to their release from cells. unlike other dna viruses, herpesviruses do not depend on disruption of nuclear and cytoplasmic membranes for their release. enveloped particles are formed by budding through inner nuclear membranes, and then these perinuclear enveloped particles fuse with outer nuclear membranes. unenveloped capsids in the cytoplasm are decorated with tegu ... | 2011 | 21494278 |
| gammaherpesvirus and lymphoproliferative disorders in immunocompromised patients. | two lymphotropic human gamma herpesviruses can cause lymphoproliferative disorders: epstein barr virus (ebv, formally designated as human herpesvirus 4) and kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (kshv, also called human herpesvirus 8). individuals with inherited or acquired immunodeficiency have a greatly increased risk of developing a malignancy caused by one of these two viruses. specific types of lymphoproliferations, including malignant lymphomas, occur in individuals with hiv infection, transplant rec ... | 2011 | 21493001 |
| biphasic activation of pi3k/akt and mapk/erk1/2 signaling pathways in bovine herpesvirus type 1 infection of mdbk cells. | abstract: many viruses have been known to control key cellular signaling pathways to facilitate the virus infection. the possible involvement of signaling pathways in bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bohv-1) infection is unknown. this study indicated that infection of mdbk cells with bohv-1 induced an early-stage transient and a late-stage sustained activation of both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k)/akt and mitogen activated protein kinases/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (mapk/erk1/2) ... | 2011 | 21492439 |
| the march family e3 ubiquitin ligase k5 alters monocyte metabolism and proliferation through receptor tyrosine kinase modulation. | kaposi's sarcoma (ks) lesions are complex mixtures of ks-associated herpesvirus (kshv)-infected spindle and inflammatory cells. in order to survive the host immune responses, kshv encodes a number of immunomodulatory proteins, including the e3 ubiquitin ligase k5. in exploring the role of this viral protein in monocytes, we made the surprising discovery that in addition to a potential role in down regulation of immune responses, k5 also contributes to increased proliferation and alters cellular ... | 2011 | 21490960 |
| [epstein-barr virus (ebv) and kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv, hhv-8)]. | epstein-barr virus (ebv) and kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv or human herpesvirus 8, hhv-8) are members of gamma-herpes virus family. both viruses infect to b cells and cause malignancies such as lymphoma. since ebv and hhv-8 are so-called 'oncovirus', their oncogenecities have been focused in the researches on ebv and kshv for a long time. ebv was discovered in 1964, whereas kshv was identified in 1994. however, kshv was analyzed rapidly in these fifteen years. one of the recent p ... | 2010 | 21488336 |
| [human herpesvirus-6 and human herpesvirus-7 (hhv-6, hhv-7)]. | human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) is the major causative agent of exanthem subitum which is one of popular diseases in infant, and establishes latent infections in adults of more than 90%. recently, the encephalitis caused by reactivated- hhv-6 has been shown in patients after transplantation. in addition, the relationship hhv-6 and drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome has also been reported. human herpesvirus 7 (hhv-7) was isolated from the stimulated-peripheral blood lymphocytes of a healthy indiv ... | 2010 | 21488335 |
| [cytomegalovirus (cmv)]. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is a ubiquitous beta human herpesvirus type 5. compared to other human herpesviruses, hcmv is the largest, with a genome of approximately 235 kb containing approximately 250 orfs with the potential to encode proteins. usually, hcmv asymptomatically infects the host during childhood, and establishes life-long latency. the infection is life-threatening for infants and immunocompromised individuals, because of direct cytopathicity by viral replication, causing systemic ... | 2010 | 21488334 |
| [varicella-zoster virus (vzv)]. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) causes varicella in primary infection and zoster after reactivation from latency. both herpes simplex virus (hsv) and vzv are classified into the same alpha-herpesvirus subfamily. although most vzv genes have their hsv homologs, vzv has many unique biological characteristics. in this review, we summarized recent studies on 1) animal models for vzv infection and outcomes from studies using the models, including 2) viral dissemination processes from respiratory mucosa, ... | 2010 | 21488333 |
| [herpes simplex virus (hsv)]. | herpes simplex virus (hsv), the prototype of the herpesvirus family, causes a variety of diseases in human. in this review, i focus on the molecular mechanism of hsv infection including recent advance on this research field. | 2010 | 21488332 |
| the school of nature: iv. learning from viruses. | during the co-evolution of viruses and their hosts, the latter have equipped themselves with an elaborate immune system to defend themselves from the invading viruses. in order to establish a successful infection, replicate and persist in the host, viruses have evolved numerous strategies to counter and evade host antiviral immune responses as well as exploit them for productive viral replication. these strategies include those that modulate signaling mediated by cell surface receptors. despite ... | 2010 | 21487503 |
| high-dose zidovudine plus valganciclovir for kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus-associated multicentric castleman disease: a pilot study of virus-activated cytotoxic therapy. | kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (kshv)-associated multicentric castleman disease (kshv-mcd) is a lymphoproliferative disorder most commonly observed in hiv-infected patients. it is characterized by kshv-infected plasmablasts that frequently express lytic genes. patients manifest inflammatory symptoms attributed to overproduction of kshv viral interleukin-6, human interleukin-6, and human interleukin-10. there is no standard therapy and no established response criteria. we investigated an approach tar ... | 2011 | 21487108 |
| environmental triggers of multiple sclerosis. | multiple sclerosis is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system that develops in young adults with a complex genetic predisposition. similar to other autoimmune disease, hla-dr and -dq alleles within the hla class ii region on chromosome 6p21 are by far the strongest risk-conferring genes. less robust susceptibility effects have been reported for non-mhc related genetic variants. improvements in the design of epidemiological studies helped to identify consistent environment ... | 2011 | 21486562 |
| yeast two hybrid analyses reveal novel binary interactions between human cytomegalovirus-encoded virion proteins. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is the largest human herpesvirus and its virion contains many viral encoded proteins found in the capsid, tegument, and envelope. in this study, we carried out a yeast two-hybrid (yth) analysis to study potential binary interactions among 56 hcmv-encoded virion proteins. we have tested more than 3,500 pairwise combinations for binary interactions in the yth analysis, and identified 79 potential interactions that involve 37 proteins. forty five of the 79 interactions ... | 2011 | 21483780 |
| mhv-68 producing mifnα1 is severely attenuated in vivo and effectively protects mice against challenge with wt mhv-68. | human gammaherpesviruses such as epstein-barr virus (ebv) cause lifelong infections and associated diseases, by virtue of their ability to establish latent infection. many studies performed in the past years in murine herpesvirus 68 (mhv-68) model of infection suggested that the limited immunity generated against isolated viral components by subunit vaccines cannot counteract the multiple immune evasion strategies operated by gammaherpesviruses. indeed, a significant inhibition of long-term late ... | 2011 | 21481326 |
| human cytomegalovirus: drug resistance and new treatment options using natural products. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), a member of the β-herpesvirus family, is a cause of high morbidity and mortality rates among immunosuppressed individuals and patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). despite the availability of approved antiviral drugs, treatment of hcmv infections remains difficult. antiviral therapies are in part limited by the small number of available drugs showing satisfactory clinical results. other factors, such as low potency, poor oral bioavailability and t ... | 2008 | 21479485 |
| fusing structure and function: a structural view of the herpesvirus entry machinery. | herpesviruses are double-stranded dna, enveloped viruses that infect host cells through fusion with either the host cell plasma membrane or endocytic vesicle membranes. efficient infection of host cells by herpesviruses is remarkably more complex than infection by other viruses, as it requires the concerted effort of multiple glycoproteins and involves multiple host receptors. the structures of the major viral glycoproteins and a number of host receptors involved in the entry of the prototypical ... | 2011 | 21478902 |
| prevalence of human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8) in untreated patients with early stage mycosis fungoides (a retrospective study). | background : human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8), also known as kaposi's sarcoma - associated herpesvirus (kshv) was first identified and detected in 1994 in patients with kaposi's sarcoma. recently, a strong association has been shown between hhv-8 and large-plaque parapsoriasis and mycosis fungoides(mf). this association has been attributed to either recent infection or reactivation of hhv-8 in patients who had extensive and/or who had an advanced stage of the diseases. this intriguing observation pro ... | 2010 | 21475551 |
| rapid and quantitative assessment of kshv lana-mediated dna replication. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) latency-associated nuclear antigen (lana) mediates dna replication of terminal repeat (tr) dna to enable viral episome persistence in latently infected cells. southern blotting is routinely used to detect lana-replicated dna. we developed and validated a real-time pcr assay for tr-associated dna and compared it with southern blot analysis. both pcr and southern blot detected lana-replicated dna, but the pcr assay was more rapid and did not require r ... | 2011 | 21472413 |
| in vivo function of the murid herpesvirus-4 ribonucleotide reductase small subunit. | the difficulty of eliminating herpesvirus carriage makes host entry a key target for infection control. however, its viral requirements are poorly defined. murid herpesvirus-4 (muhv-4) can potentially provide insights into gammaherpesvirus host entry. upper respiratory tract infection requires the muhv-4 thymidine kinase (tk) and ribonucleotide reductase large subunit (rnr-l), suggesting a need for increased nucleotide production. however, both tk and rnr-l are likely to be multifunctional. we t ... | 2011 | 21471322 |
| virally induced changes in cellular mirnas maintain latency of humancytomegalovirus in cd34+ progenitors. | one site of latency of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is known to be cd34+ hematopoieticprogenitor cells and it is likely that carriage of latent virus will have profound effects on cellular geneexpression in order to optimize latency and reactivation. as micrornas (mirnas) play importantroles in regulating stem cell gene expression, we have asked whether latent carriage of hcmv leads tochanges in cellular mirna expression. a comprehensive mirna screen showed differential regulationof a number of ... | 2011 | 21471310 |
| optimization of chemical induction conditions for human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) reactivation with 12-o-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (tpa) from latently-infected bc-3 cells. | human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) persists as episomal dna in latently-infected cells and can establish two alternative life cycles, latent or lytic. 12-o-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (tpa) is a known inducer of hhv-8 in several human primary effusion lymphoma cell lines and has been widely used for hhv-8 reactivation; however, induction conditions have differed, resulting in varying levels of virus expression. we have used hhv-8 latently-infected bc-3 cells as a model to determine critical parame ... | 2011 | 21470875 |
| infectious agents in human cancers: lessons in immunity and immunomodulation from gammaherpesviruses ebv and kshv. | members of the herpesvirus family have evolved the ability to persist in their hosts by establishing a reservoir of latently infected cells each carrying the viral genome with reduced levels of viral protein synthesis. in order to spread within and between hosts, in some cells, the quiescent virus will reactivate and enter lytic cycle replication to generate and release new infectious virus particles. to allow the efficient generation of progeny viruses, all herpesviruses have evolved a wide var ... | 2011 | 21470769 |
| hsv-1 cgal+ infection promotes quaking rna binding protein production and induces nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of quaking i-5 isoform in human hepatoma cells. | herpesvirus type 1 (hsv-1) based oncolytic vectors arise as a promising therapeutic alternative for neoplastic diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma. however, the mechanisms mediating the host cell response to such treatments are not completely known. it is well established that hsv-1 infection induces functional and structural alterations in the nucleus of the host cell. in the present work, we have used gel-based and shotgun proteomic strategies to elucidate the signaling pathways impair ... | 2011 | 21467216 |
| single tube multiplex real-time pcr for the rapid detection of herpesvirus infections of the central nervous system. | human herpesvirus infection of immunocompromised hosts may lead to central nervous system (cns) infection and diseases. in this study, a single tube multiplex real-time pcr was developed for the detection of five herpesviruses (hsv-1, hsv-2, vzv, ebv and cmv) in clinical cerebrospinal fluid (csf) specimens. two primer pairs specific for the herpesvirus polymerase gene and five hybridization probe pairs for the specific identification of the herpesvirus types were used in a lightcycler multiplex ... | 2011 | 21466846 |
| identification of a spliced gene from duck enteritis virus encoding a protein homologous to ul15 of herpes simplex virus 1. | in herpesviruses, ul15 homologue is a subunit of terminase complex responsible for cleavage and packaging of the viral genome into pre-assembled capsids. however, for duck enteritis virus (dev), the causative agent of duck viral enteritis (dve), the genomic sequence was not completely determined until most recently. there is limited information of this putative spliced gene and its encoding protein. | 2011 | 21466705 |
| kinetics and pathogenicity of equine herpesvirus-9 infection following intraperitoneal inoculation in hamsters. | the kinetics of infection and pathogenicity of equine herpesvirus-9 (ehv-9) was studied in a hamster model. five-week-old syrian hamsters and 5-day-old suckling hamsters were inoculated intraperitoneally with 10(5) and 4×10(4) plaque-forming units of ehv-9, respectively. ehv-9 antigens were detected by immunocytochemistry in the peritoneal macrophages, which may be the primary site of virus attachment and propagation at 6h post inoculation (hpi). at 12 hpi, viral antigen was observed in the abdo ... | 2011 | 21459386 |
| biochemical and structural characterization of the capsid-bound tegument proteins of human cytomegalovirus. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is the most genetically and structurally complex human herpesvirus and is composed of an envelope, a tegument, and a dsdna-containing capsid. hcmv tegument plays essential roles in hcmv infection and assembly. using cryo electron tomography (cryoet), here we show that hcmv tegument compartment can be divided into two sub-compartments: an inner and an outer tegument. the inner tegument consists of densely-packed proteins surrounding the capsid. the outer tegument cont ... | 2011 | 21459145 |
| the molecular biology of human herpesvirus-6 latency and telomere integration. | the genomes of herpesviruses establish latency as a circular episome. however, human herpesvirus-6 (hhv-6) has been shown to specifically integrate into the telomeres of chromosomes during latency and vertically transmit through the germ-line. this review will focus on the telomere integration of hhv-6, the potential viral and cellular genes that mediate integration, and the clinical impact on the host. | 2011 | 21458587 |
| development and validation of a triplex real-time pcr assay for the rapid detection and differentiation of wild-type and glycoprotein e-deleted vaccine strains of bovine herpesvirus type 1. | two important components of control programs for bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bohv-1), a major pathogen of cattle, are the detection of outbreaks and vaccination with glycoprotein e (ge)-deleted marker vaccines. in addition to serology, rapid and accurate investigation of bohv-1 and genetic differentiation of vaccine and wild-type strains are also important methods. therefore, a triplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) for testing bohv-1 was developed. apart from a bohv-1 sp ... | 2011 | 21458493 |
| opportunistic virus dna levels after pediatric stem cell transplantation: serostatus matching, anti-thymocyte globulin, and total body irradiation are additive risk factors. | viral opportunistic infections remain a threat to survival after stem cell transplantation (sct). we retrospectively investigated infections caused by cytomegalovirus (cmv), epstein-barr virus (ebv), human herpesvirus type 6 (hhv6), or adenovirus (adv) during the first 6-12 months after pediatric sct. serum samples from 47 consecutive patients were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. dnaemia at any time point occurred for cmv in 47%, for ebv in 45%, for hhv6 in 28 ... | 2011 | 21457420 |
| pilot study of oral valganciclovir therapy in patients with classic kaposi sarcoma. | we conducted a clinical trial of oral valganciclovir, a drug with in vitro activity against kaposi sarcoma (ks)-associated herpesvirus (kshv), in classic ks. five human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative participants received valganciclovir for up to six 4-week cycles at doses used for cytomegalovirus infection. none of the study subjects showed an objective response; ks progressed in 4 subjects after 1-4 cycles and remained stable in 1 subject after 6 cycles. ks biopsies showed minimal lytic k ... | 2011 | 21450998 |
| genotypic characterization of two bacterial artificial chromosome clones derived from a single dna source of the very virulent gallid herpesvirus-2 strain c12/130. | the identification of specific genetic changes associated with differences in the pathogenicity of marek's disease virus strains (gahv-2) has been a formidable task due to the large number of mutations in mixed-genotype populations within dna preparations. very virulent uk isolate c12/130 induces extensive lymphoid atrophy, neurological manifestations and early mortality in young birds. we have recently reported the construction of several independent full-length bacterial artificial chromosome ... | 2011 | 21450941 |
| elongin b-mediated epigenetic alteration of viral chromatin correlates with efficient human cytomegalovirus gene expression and replication. | elongins b and c are members of complexes that increase the efficiency of transcriptional elongation by rna polymerase ii (rnapii) and enhance the monoubiquitination of histone h2b, an epigenetic mark of actively transcribed genes. here we show that, in addition to its role in facilitating transcription of the cellular genome, elongin b also enhances gene expression from the double-stranded dna genome of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), a pathogenic herpesvirus. reducing the level of elongin b by s ... | 2011 | 21447700 |
| the zambia children's ks-hhv8 study: rationale, study design, and study methods. | the epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus in zambia has led to a dramatic rise in the incidence of human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8)-associated kaposi's sarcoma in both adults and children. however, there is a paucity of knowledge about the routes of hhv-8 transmission to young children. the zambia children's ks-hhv8 study, a large, prospective cohort study in lusaka, zambia, was launched in 2004 to investigate the role of household members as a source of hhv-8 infection in young children and socia ... | 2011 | 21447476 |
| serological survey of equine viral diseases in mongolia. | three hundred sera were collected from horses in various parts of mongolia in 2007 and seroepidemiological surveys for several equine viruses performed on them. equid herpesvirus 1 and equine rhinitis a virus were prevalent, and equine arteritis virus and equid herpesvirus 3 were detected over a wide area though their rates of antibody-positivity were not high. equine infectious anemia was distributed locally. the rates of horses antibody-positive for japanese encephalitis virus and equine influ ... | 2011 | 21447048 |
| chemokine binding protein m3 of murine gammaherpesvirus 68 modulates the host response to infection in a natural host. | murine ?-herpesvirus 68 (mhv-68) infection of mus musculus-derived strains of mice is an attractive model of ?-herpesvirus infection. surprisingly, however, ablation of expression of mhv-68 m3, a secreted protein with broad chemokine-binding properties in vitro, has no discernable effect during experimental infection via the respiratory tract. here we demonstrate that m3 indeed contributes significantly to mhv-68 infection, but only in the context of a natural host, the wood mouse (apodemus sylv ... | 2011 | 21445235 |
| induction of specific cytotoxic activity for bovine herpesvirus-1 by dna immunization with different adjuvants. | it is well documented that adjuvants improve the immune response generated by traditional viral vaccines; however, less is known about their effects on the immune response elicited by dna vaccines. in this study, we have investigated the use of adjuvants, and have analyzed the humoral and cellular specific immune responses elicited by dna vaccines based on the bohv-1 glycoprotein d (secreted version) in pcineo vector with and without montanide isa25 (o/w), isa206 vg (seppic) and cliptox™ (natura ... | 2011 | 21443903 |
| mucosal fluids and biomarkers of clinical disease: workshop 3b. | diagnostic tests for a range of oral and systemic diseases using fluids sampled from the mouth are under intense investigation and are increasingly being used. methods exist for identification of hiv antibody and nucleic acid and for other viral infections of the mouth, such as kaposi sarcoma herpes virus or human herpesvirus-8, which may coexist with hiv. a number of commercial test kits are available, with variable evidence of sensitivity, specificity, and utility. there is intense research on ... | 2011 | 21441495 |
| mechanisms of viral infections associated with hiv: workshop 2b. | hiv infection is commonly associated with activation and dissemination of several other viral pathogens, including herpes simplex virus 1/2, human cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus 8, epstein-barr virus, varicella zoster virus, and human papillomavirus, which behave as opportunistic agents and cause various diseases in immunocompromised hosts. the increased frequency and severity of diseases caused by these viruses in hiv-infected individuals is due mainly to dysfunction of both the adaptive an ... | 2011 | 21441494 |
| kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8 and kaposi sarcoma. | kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) was discovered in 1994 and is now known to be a necessary but not sufficient causative agent of kaposi sarcoma. while kshv is likely also the causative agent of primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric castleman's disease, its causal role has been refuted in the case of multiple myeloma, sarcoidosis, prostate cancer, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. the epidemiology of kshv is both intriguing and challenging. two epidemiologic findings are clear, ... | 2011 | 21441485 |
| an immunotoxin targeting the gh glycoprotein of kshv for selective killing of cells in the lytic phase of infection. | amongst the pathologies associated with infection by kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), multicentric castleman's disease is distinctive for involvement of the lytic phase of the virus replication cycle. this b cell lymphoproliferative disorder has shown clinical responsiveness not only to generalized immunotherapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy, but also to inhibitors of herpesvirus dna replication, consistent with the involvement of lytic phase of replication. these findings suggest th ... | 2011 | 21440007 |
| reconstitution of interactions of murine gammaherpesvirus 68 m11 with bcl-2 family proteins in yeast. | one of the mechanisms of defense against viral infection is induction of apoptosis in infected cells. to escape this line of protection, genomes of many viruses encode for proteins that inhibit apoptosis. murid herpesvirus 4 gene m11 encodes for homologue of cellular bcl-2 proteins that inhibits apoptosis and autophagy in infected cell. to study a role of m11 in regulation of apoptosis we have established a yeast model system in which the action of m11 together with proapoptotic proteins bax, ba ... | 2011 | 21439939 |
| results of molecular diagnostic assays targeting feline herpesvirus-1 and feline calicivirus in adult cats administered modified live vaccines. | in this pilot study, 12 adult, gang-housed cats that were known to be previously exposed (n=12) to feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1) and/or vaccinated against (n=2) feline calicivirus (fcv) and fhv-1 were randomly assigned to one of two groups of six cats each. nasal and pharyngeal samples were collected from each cat on days -7, -3, and 0 prior to vaccination and on days 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, and 28 after vaccination with an fhv-1, fcv, and panleukopenia (fvrcp) vaccine developed for intranasal (six ... | 2011 | 21439879 |
| in vitro evaluation of antiviral and virucidal activity of a high molecular weight hyaluronic acid. | hyaluronic acid (ha), a non-sulphated glycosaminoglycan, is present in synovial fluid, vitreous humour serum and many connective tissues. pharmaceutical preparations of ha are used in clinical practice for wound healing, joint pain, kerato-conjunctivitis, asthma, mouth care, oesophageal-reflux, and gastritis. moreover, it is used as a filler to counteract ageing and facial lipoatrophy. our study aims at investigating the in vitro antiviral activity of a high molecular weight ha. | 2011 | 21439070 |
| sulfasalazine-induced hypersensitivity syndrome associated with human herpesvirus 6 reactivation and induction of antiphospholipid syndrome. | drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome is a toxicoderma with systemic involvement. suspicion of this disorder obliges rapid withdrawal of the suspected drug, which may have been introduced up to 3 months earlier. screening for human herpesvirus (hhv) 6 reactivation is important both for its diagnostic value and for its association with a poor prognosis. reactivation of this virus is not a contraindication for systemic corticosteroid treatment, which should be tapered slowly in order to avoid rec ... | 2011 | 21435627 |
| [nonspecific systemic resistance in patients with genital herpes]. | the functional state of a thiol disulfide link of the antioxidant system was evaluated in 45 patients with recurrent herpesvirus infection in the recurrence and interrecurrence periods. impaired free radical oxidation in these patients is one of the leading pathogenetic factors of biomembrane structural and functional changes. the study of the blood antioxidant system demonstrated that the patients with herpesvirus infections had lower levels of sh groups, decreased thiol/disulfide ratio, and hi ... | 2011 | 21433315 |
| identification of virus encoding micrornas using 454 flx sequencing platform. | micrornas are a class of small noncoding rna molecules that play a pivotal role in the regulation of gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. most large double-stranded dna viruses, mainly the herpesvirus family, are known to express mirnas. viral mirnas can regulate both viral- and cellular transcripts. by eliminating cloning steps for large number of sanger sequencing reactions, recent development of massively parallel next-generation sequencing methods has accelerated identification ... | 2011 | 21431764 |
| viral mirnas. | since 2004, more than 200 micrornas (mirnas) have been discovered in double-stranded dna viruses, mainly herpesviruses and polyomaviruses (nucleic acids res 32:d109-d111, 2004). mirnas are short 22 ?± ?3 nt rna molecules that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression by binding to 3'-untranslated regions (3'utr) of target mrnas, thereby inducing translational silencing and/or transcript degradation (nature 431:350-355, 2004; cell 116:281-297, 2004). since mirnas require only limited complem ... | 2011 | 21431678 |
| genome-wide histone acetylation profiling of herpesvirus saimiri in human t cells upon induction with a histone deacetylase inhibitor. | herpesviruses establish latency in suitable host cells after primary infection and persist in their host organisms for life. most of the viral genes are silenced during latency, also enabling the virus to escape from an immune response. this study addresses the control of viral gene silencing by epigenetic mechanisms, using herpesvirus saimiri (hvs) as a model system. strain c488 of this gamma-2-herpesvirus can transform human t cells to stable growth in vitro, and it persists in the nuclei of t ... | 2011 | 21430050 |
| subtype-specific, probe-based, real-time pcr for detection and typing of human herpesvirus-6 encephalitis from pediatric patients under the age of 2 years. | to investigate the frequency of human herpesvirus-6 (hhv-6) encephalitis in pediatric patients under 2 years of age, we developed a method for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of the 2 variants of hhv-6 (hhv-6a and hhv-6b) using subtype-specific, probe-based, real-time pcr (sspbrt-pcr) and which were further evaluated on 405 cerebrospinal fluid (csf) specimens from children with suspected encephalitis. a total of 23 (5.70%) out of 405 csf specimens were positive by sspbrt-pcr, incl ... | 2011 | 21429693 |
| cytolytic t lymphocytes from hla-b8+ donors frequently recognize the hodgkin's lymphoma associated latent membrane protein 2 of epstein barr virus. | epstein barr virus (ebv) is a lymphotrophic ?-herpesvirus that infects more than 90% of the adult human population. it transforms b cells in vitro and is associated with lymphomas in vivo. in most ebv carriers the emergence of these malignancies, however, is prevented by t cell mediated immune control. part of this control is mediated by cd8+ t cells, which mainly target a subset of viral nuclear antigens, ebna3a, b and c, in healthy ebv carriers. in hla-b8 positive individuals, the dominant ctl ... | 2011 | 21429247 |
| tegument protein control of latent herpesvirus establishment and animation. | herpesviruses are successful pathogens that infect most vertebrates as well as at least one invertebrate species. six of the eight human herpesviruses are widely distributed in the population. herpesviral infections persist for the life of the infected host due in large part to the ability of these viruses to enter a non-productive, latent state in which viral gene expression is limited and immune detection and clearance is avoided. periodically, the virus will reactivate and enter the lytic cyc ... | 2011 | 21429246 |
| autophagy in herpesvirus immune control and immune escape. | autophagy delivers cytoplasmic constituents for lysosomal degradation, and thereby facilitates pathogen degradation and pathogen fragment loading onto mhc molecules for antigen presentation to t cells. herpesviruses have been used to demonstrate these novel functions of autophagy, which previously has been primarily appreciated for its pro-survival role during starvation. in this review, we summarize recent findings how macroautophagy restricts herpesvirus infections directly, how macroautophagy ... | 2011 | 21429245 |
| simultaneous quantification of human herpesvirus 8 dna by real time pcr in different tissues of hiv infected cuban patients with kaposi's sarcoma. | abstract: in cuba, previous reports have shown an increase of epidemic ks, reaching a total of 120 cases by the end of 2007, despite the use of haart. to evaluate and compare the role of human herpes virus 8 (hhv-8) viral loads in different compartments of aids-related kaposi's sarcoma (aids-ks) patients real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was used to determine the genome copy number of hhv-8 in plasma, saliva, tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) of 49 aids-ks patients. ... | 2010 | 21429238 |
| chromosomal integration of an avian oncogenic herpesvirus reveals telomeric preferences and evidence for lymphoma clonality. | abstract: | 2010 | 21429236 |
| genetic barcoding of marine leeches (ozobranchus spp.) from florida sea turtles and their divergence in host specificity. | ozobranchus margoi and ozobranchus branchiatus are the only two species of marine turtle leeches (ozobranchus spp.) known to inhabit the atlantic coast of the united states and the gulf of mexico. in early reports of fibropapillomatosis (fp) in green turtles (chelonia mydas), o. branchiatus was implicated as a vector in the transmission of fibropapilloma-associated turtle herpesvirus (fpthv). it is imperative that the leech species be identified to elucidate the role ozobranchus spp. may play in ... | 2011 | 21429133 |
| [preparation of monoclonal antibodies specific for the major tegument protein pp65 of human herpesvirus type 5]. | a panel containing 11 types of monoclonal antibodies (mab) specific for the recombinant protein pp65 of human herpesvirus type 5 was constructed. enzyme immunoassay and immunoblotting of the immunochemical properties of mab indicated that mab could interact well with both recombinant and native pp65 antigen. testing the suitability of mab for an immunocytochemical study established that mab 5f10 was highly effective in detecting the major tegument protein pp65 in the persistently infected vero c ... | 2011 | 21427946 |
| herpes simplex virus type i (hsv-1) replicates in mature dendritic cells but can only be transferred in a cell-cell contact-dependent manner. | hsv-1 is a very successful representative of the a-herpesvirus family, and ~ 90% of the population is seropositive for this particular virus. although the pathogen usually causes the well-known mild lesions on the lips, also, severe infections of the eye or the brain can be observed in rare cases. it is well known, that this virus can efficiently infect the most potent apcs, i.e., the dcs, in their immature and mature state. although the infection of the idc has been shown to be productive, infe ... | 2011 | 21427206 |
| epstein-barr virus (ebv) rta-mediated ebv and kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus lytic reactivations in 293 cells. | epstein-barr virus (ebv) rta belongs to a lytic switch gene family that is evolutionarily conserved in all gamma-herpesviruses. emerging evidence indicates that cell cycle arrest is a common means by which herpesviral immediate-early protein hijacks the host cell to advance the virus's lytic cycle progression. to examine the role of rta in cell cycle regulation, we recently established a doxycycline (dox)-inducible rta system in 293 cells. in this cell background, inducible rta modulated the lev ... | 2011 | 21423768 |
| crystal structure of a kshv-sox-dna complex: insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying dnase activity and host shutoff. | the early lytic phase of kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus infection is characterized by viral replication and the global degradation (shutoff) of host mrna. key to both activities is the virally encoded alkaline exonuclease kshv sox. while the dnase activity of kshv sox is required for the resolution of viral genomic dna as a precursor to encapsidation, its exact involvement in host shutoff remains to be determined. we present the first crystal structure of a kshv sox-dna complex that has illuminate ... | 2011 | 21421561 |
| angiopoietin-like 4: a novel molecular hallmark in oral kaposi's sarcoma. | kaposi's sarcoma (ks) remains among the most common causes of oral cancer in hiv-infected individuals. infection with the ks-associated herpesvirus (kshv/hhv8) is a necessary event for disease development. emerging evidence suggests that kshv infects vascular endothelial (or endothelial progenitor) cells promoting the formation of the ks tumor (or spindle) cell. these cells elaborate angiogenic growth factors and cytokines that promote the dysregulated angiogenesis and profuse edema that charact ... | 2011 | 21421336 |
| dcr3 induces cell proliferation through mapk signaling in chondrocytes of osteoarthritis. | decoy receptor 3 (dcr3), a soluble receptor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor (tnf) receptor superfamily, competitively binds and inhibits the tnf family including fas-ligand (fas-l), lymphotoxin-like inducible protein that competes with glycoprotein d for binding herpesvirus entry mediator on t-cells (light) and tnf-like ligand 1a (tl1a). in this study, we investigated the functions of dcr3 on osteoarthritis (oa) chondrocytes. | 2011 | 21420502 |
| generation of a doxycycline-inducible kshv producer cell line of endothelial origin: maintenance of tight latency with efficient reactivation upon induction. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is the etiological agent of kaposi's sarcoma (ks) and at least two b cell lymphoproliferative diseases: primary effusion lymphoma (pel) and multicentric castleman's disease (mcd). b cells derived from pel are latently infected, and can be induced to lytic replication by treatment with chemical agents like tpa or butyrate, which have pleiotropic effects on host cell signaling and chromatin structure. most of these lines also display moderate levels o ... | 2011 | 21419799 |
| characterization of ovine herpesvirus 2-induced malignant catarrhal fever in rabbits. | malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) is a frequently fatal lymphoproliferative disease syndrome primarily of ruminant species, caused by gammaherpesviruses in the genus macavirus. ovine herpesvirus 2 (ovhv-2), carried by sheep, causes sheep-associated mcf worldwide, while alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (alhv-1), carried by wildebeest, causes wildebeest-associated mcf, mainly in africa. diseases in rabbits can be induced by both viruses, which are clinically and pathologically similar; however, recent stud ... | 2011 | 21419581 |
| [an analysis of etiological and genetic factors of a patient with familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis]. | to analyze the etiological factor and genetic feature of a familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis patient with prf1 mutation (fhl2) with human herpesvirus 7 (hhv7) infection and its family constellation. | 2011 | 21418834 |
| viral oncogenesis and its role in nonmelanoma skin cancer. | in recent years, the contribution of viruses to cutaneous oncogenesis has steadily gained recognition. the archetype is human herpesvirus 8, which is well established as the causative agent in kaposi sarcoma. other viruses believed to play a role in nonmelanoma skin cancer include human papillomavirus and the recently described merkel cell polyomavirus. we review the mechanisms by which these three viruses interact with the host cell, ultraviolet radiation and immunosuppression to result in carc ... | 2011 | 21418174 |
| medical microbiology | medical science has begun to control a number of acute virus infections, many by drug treatment and/or immunization, but persistent virus infections are largely uncontrolled. diseases caused by persistent virus infections include acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), aids-related complexes, chronic hepatitis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (chronic measles encephalitis), chronic papovavirus encephalitis (progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy), spongioform encephalopathies (caused ... | 1996 | 21413348 |
| medical microbiology | in nature, herpesviruses infect both vertebrate and non-vertebrate species, and over a hundred have been at least partially characterized. only eight of these have been isolated routinely from humans and are discussed here. they are known as the human herpesviruses and are herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 2, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, epstein-barr virus, human herpesvirus 6, human ... | 1996 | 21413307 |
| medical microbiology | we live in a time of rapid development of antiviral compounds. for selective chemotherapy of viral infections, a drug should inhibit virus replication when used at concentrations not detrimental to the host. a number of antiviral drugs have been formally licensed and are widely used for the chemotherapy of specific viral infections. other antiviral agents are being developed. these fall primarily in three classes: anti-herpesvirus, anti-retrovirus, and, to a lesser extent, anti-rhinovirus compou ... | 1996 | 21413298 |
| antenatal interventions for preventing the transmission of cytomegalovirus (cmv) from the mother to fetus during pregnancy and adverse outcomes in the congenitally infected infant. | cytomegalovirus (cmv) is a herpesvirus and the most common cause of congenital infection in developed countries. congenital cmv infection can have devastating consequences to the fetus. the high incidence and the serious morbidity associated with congenital cmv infection emphasise the need for effective interventions to prevent the antenatal transmission of cmv infection. | 2011 | 21412919 |
| co-expression of host and viral micrornas in porcine dendritic cells infected by the pseudorabies virus. | micrornas are small non-coding rnas approximately 22 nt long that modulate gene expression in animals and plants. it has been recently demonstrated that herpesviruses encode mirnas to control the post-transcriptional regulation of expression from their own genomes and possibly that of their host, thus adding an additional layer of complexity to the physiological cross-talk between host and pathogen. the present study focussed on the interactions between porcine dendritic cells (dcs) and the pseu ... | 2011 | 21408164 |
| comparative analysis of oncogenic genes revealed unique evolutionary features of field marek's disease virus prevalent in recent years in china. | marek's disease (md) is an economically important viral disease of chickens caused by marek's disease virus (mdv), an oncogenic herpesvirus. this disease was well controlled since the widespread use of commercial vaccines, but field mdvs have shown continuous increasing in virulence and acquired the ability to overcome the immune response induced by vaccines. nowadays, md continues to be a serious threat to poultry industry, isolation and characterization of mdvs are essential for monitoring cha ... | 2011 | 21406076 |