Publications

lyme disease spirochetes in ticks from northeastern china.	during may 1996, field surveys on lyme disease spirochetes were conducted in beijing, shenyang, fushun, and inner mongolia in northeastern china. the ticks collected consisted of 3 genera and 12 species. of these, ixodes persulcatus was dominant in sun-exposed vegetation in forests in inner mongolia; 57 borrelia strains (55/123 unfed adults and 2/5 immature stages fed on a rodent) were obtained from this tick by bsk culture. additionally, 2/2 apodemus peninsulae were positive. ixodes nipponensis ...	1998	9645846
[prevention of lyme borreliosis infection after tick bites].	lyme borreliosis is one of the zoonotic and vectorial diseases in the world. female of taiga tick, ixodes persulcatus play an important role being the main vector of the agents, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, of the disease in the far east including japan. the number of patients who contacted lyme borreliosis have been estimated to be around 100 cases in all of japan. we also detected the spirochetes from the skin tissues of 27 cases involving erythema and 3 cases without erythema after tick b ...	1998	9642941
[cyclic processes in the dynamics of the population count of the taiga tick and their relation to weather and climatic conditions].	the paper continues the discussion of published materials on the dynamic of ixodes persulcatus number in mountain forests of the central part of the krasnoyarsk region during 1958-1990 (korotkov e. a., 1992). an unstationarity and polycyclicity of examined processus is confirmed. it is shown, that long-term and middle-term quasi-periodical fluctuations of the tick number are determined by successive changing in forest biocenoses going under the influence of respective fluctuations of the climate ...	1998	9612819
diversity of european lyme disease spirochetes at the southern margin of their range.	we determined whether the genospecies diversity of lyme disease spirochetes in vector ticks questing on a subtropical island is as broad as that in central europe. although spirochetes infected < 1% of the ticks sampled on madeira island, these infections included all three genospecies implicated in human disease. therefore, spirochetal diversity is as great at the southern margin as it is in the center of this pathogen's range.	1998	9572986
differential transmission of the genospecies of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by game birds and small rodents in england.	the genetic diversity of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato was assessed in a focus of lyme borreliosis in southern britain dominated by game birds. ticks, rodents, and pheasants were analyzed for spirochete infections by pcr-targeting the 23s-5s rrna genes, followed by genotyping by the reverse line blot method. in questing ixodes ricinus ticks, three genospecies of b. burgdorferi sensu lato were detected, with the highest prevalences found for borrelia garinii and borrelia valaisiana. b. burgdorf ...	1998	9546150
[detection of the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi in ixodid ticks using solid-phase immunoenzyme analysis (elisa)].	138 ixodes persulcatus and 140 i. ricinus ticks were collected by flagging in the moscow region of russia in april-september 1995. borrelia burgdorferi infection rates of 171 (73 i. persulcatus and 98 i. ricinus) flat ticks were ascertained by both a dark-field microscopy and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the elisa is based on the use of "capture" monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to osp a l12-9b4 (2d8) in combination with rabbit antisera to osp a and b. this mab reacts with b. burgdo ...	1997	9541935
tick-borne borrelioses pathogen identification in ixodes ticks (acarina, ixodidae) collected in st. petersburg and kaliningrad baltic regions of russia.	two isolated baltic seashore populations of ixodes ticks were studied as vectors of different borrelia genospecies in russia by using darkfield microscopy and modified polymerase chain reaction (pcr). in the kalinigrad region (kurish spit, forests near the settlements of lesnoye and rybachy), 788 ixodes ricinus (l.) adults and nymphs were collected by flagging and studied by darkfield microscopy during 1995-1996. there were 88 darkfield microscopy positive specimens (11.2%) of which 69 were also ...	1998	9538573
detection of borrelia burgdorferi from ticks (acari) in hebei province, china.	from may 1992 to august 1993, 1,196 ticks were collected by flagging vegetation and from domestic animals in chengde, zhangjiakou, shijiazhuang, and handan districts of hebei province. of those ticks collected, 954 were haemaphysalis japonicum warburton and h. longicornis neumann, 205 were ixodes persulcatus schulze, and 37 were dermacentor silvarum olenev. four strains of borrelia burgdorferi were isolated from 135 i. persulcatus collected in weichang and zhuolu counties. three of 574 haemaphys ...	1998	9538567
a surface-exposed region of a novel outer membrane protein (p66) of borrelia spp. is variable in size and sequence.	a model of the 66-kda outer membrane protein (p66) of lyme disease borrelia spp. predicts a surface-exposed loop near the c terminus. this region contains an antigen commonly recognized by sera from lyme disease patients. in the present study, this region of p66 and homologous proteins of other borrelia spp. were further investigated by using monoclonal antibodies, epitope mapping of p66 of borrelia burgdorferi, and dna sequencing. a monoclonal antibody specific for b. burgdorferi bound to the p ...	1998	9537355
a human case of tick bite by ixodes persulcatus.	the first case of tick bite by ixodes persulcatus in korea is reported. the tick was found on the skin of right lower axilla region of a 60-year-old woman.	1998	9529866
lyme disease in taiwan: first human patient with characteristic erythema chronicum migrans skin lesion.	we report herein the first laboratory-diagnosed case of lyme disease in a human in taiwan. a 45-year-old taiwanese man living in taipei, in northern taiwan, had an expanding skin lesion (measuring 23 by 15 cm) on his abdomen for 2 to 3 weeks and recurrent attacks of pain and swelling of the knee joint. serologic tests indicated a significantly elevated titer of antibody to borrelia burgdorferi. after appropriate antibiotic treatment for 3 weeks, the skin lesion was cured and the joint swelling w ...	1998	9508317
molecular typing of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by randomly amplified polymorphic dna fingerprinting analysis.	to study whether pathogenic clusters of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato strains occur, we typed 136 isolates, cultured from specimens from patients (n = 49) with various clinical entities and from ticks (n = 83) or dogs (n = 4) from different geographic regions, by randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) fingerprinting with four arbitrary primers. the rapd patterns were reproducible up to the 95% similarity level as shown in duplicate experiments. in these experiments the purified dnas prepare ...	1998	9508310
serum complement sensitivity as a key factor in lyme disease ecology.	the sensitivity of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato to animal sera was analyzed. complement-mediated borreliacidal effects were observed with particular combinations of host serum and borrelia genospecies. the species-specific pattern of viability and/or lysis is highly consistent with the pattern of reservoir competence of hosts for b. burgdorferi sensu lato, suggesting a key role of complement in the global ecology of lyme borreliosis.	1998	9488421
analysis of the organization of multicopy linear- and circular-plasmid-carried open reading frames in borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolates.	plasmid cp8.3 of borrelia afzelii ip21 carries several open reading frames (orfs) and a 184-bp inverted repeat (ir) element. it has been speculated that this plasmid may encode factors involved in virulence or infectivity. in this report, we have characterized the distribution, molecular variability, and organization of orfs 1, 2, and 4 and the ir elements among isolates of the borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex. orfs 1 and 2 are contained within a segment of cp8.3 that is bordered by the i ...	1998	9488408
[the reservoir hosts and vectors of borrelia--the causative organisms of ixodid tick-borne borrelioses in russia].	327 borrelia isolates from ixodid ticks of 3 species from 12 major administrative territories of russia (from leningrad province in the west to sakhalin province in the east), as well as from forest myomorph rodents of 6 species and from skin biopsies of borreliosis patents, were identified by the prc and rflp methods. b. afzelii, b. garinii and b. garinii nt29 were shown to be widespread in russia. no other borrelia genospecies were found. the main vectors of b. afzelii and b. garinii were ixod ...	1997	9460862
[the results of the serological examination of medium-sized mammals in the natural foci of arbovirus infections in central siberia].	the serological survey of white hares (n = 8), squirrels (n = 118), and asian chipmunks (n = 486) in the dark coniferous forests of middle siberia revealed tick-borne encephalitis virus antihemagglutinins only in the former two species (37.5 +/- 17.1 and 7.6 +/- 2.4%, respectively) and in the squirrel, there is a close seasonal relation between the parameters of immune interbred and those virophoricity of taiga tick nymphs.	1997	9445992
species-specific plasmid sequences for pcr identification of the three species of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato involved in lyme disease.	species-specific sequences were shown to be carried by plasmids of the three main species of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato involved in lyme disease. libraries of the 16-, 33-, and 25-kb plasmids of b. burgdorferi sensu stricto, borrelia garinii, and borrelia afzelii, respectively, were then built and used to isolate species-specific sequences. after sequencing of the cloned inserts, three sets of primers were designed. they were shown to determine species-specific pcr amplification products. t ...	1998	9431963
human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in southern germany: increased seroprevalence in high-risk groups.	to date, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge), the causative agent of which is likely transmitted by ticks in the ixodes ricinus-ixodes persulcatus complex, has not been diagnosed with certainty in patients outside the united states. the presence of a closely related vector tick, i. ricinus, as well as the occurrence of similar ehrlichia spp. of veterinary importance, suggests that this disease is likely to be present in europe. the aim of the present study was to compare the prevalence of anti ...	1997	9399527
genetic diversity of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolated in far eastern russia.	one-hundred and fifty-seven borrelia isolated from adult ticks, ixodes persulcatus, and wild rodents, clethrionomys rufocanus and apodemus peninsulae, in the far eastern part of russia were characterized and identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) of the 5s-23s rrna intergenic spacer. some isolates showed unique rflp patterns and were determined as borrelia garinii on the basis of a sequence analysis of the intergenic spacer amplicon and reactivity with species-specific mon ...	1997	9310938
[the localization of borrelia in the body of the ixodes persulcatus tick at different developmental stages].	borrelia burgdorferi s. lato have been recovered by means of an observations in a dark screen, phase and anoptrail contrasts in 87.47% imago and 100% nymphs and larvae of the ixodes persulcatus ticks collected in the leningrad, novgorod and pskov regions. four morphological types of borreliae have been recognized, which were present in all stages of ticks examined. the location of the agent in ticks was examined in the material coloured after levaditi. in the hungry stages and the most abundance ...	1997	9304104
[distribution of hungry and engorged ixodes persulcatus (ixodidae) imagos on squares for absolute enumeration].	it was found out by the methods of large scale cartography and mathematics modelling, that the distribution of ixodes persulcatus ticks around the point of clutch is still aggregated both on stages of hungry larvae and nymphs and on a stage of hungry imago. it is proposed to use the number of hungry imago aggregates as the criterium for the estimation of clatch number per square unit. wild animals living in foothill taiga forests of the central part of krasnoyarsk region support 9-10 female tick ...	1997	9297178
[present status of lyme borreliosis and characterization of lyme disease borrelia isolated in japan].	lyme disease is a multisystemic disorder caused by infection with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato which is carried by ticks of the ixodes ricinus complex. the agent was discovered in 1982 in north america and the disease is recognized as an emerging infectious diseases in north america and europe. japanese borrelia isolates were characterized by genetic and immunologic analysis. isolates from ixodes ovatus were found to be unique by dna/dna hybridization analysis, restriction fragment length pol ...	1997	9248350
[the clinical manifestations of lyme borreliosis in the middle urals and their association with borrelia burgdorferi genospecies].	a parallel study was made of the clinical spectrum of lyme borreliosis in the middle urals and genetic species of the causative agent (borrelia burgdorferi) in the ticks collected at the same territory. clinical picture of lyme borreliosis in the middle urals is different from that in america but had similar features with european borreliosis: nervous disorders were more frequent than arthritis, high incidence of the symptoms in segments close to the place of the agent inoculation, low occurrenc ...	1997	9235672
biology of tick-borne encephalitis virus.	tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus is an important human pathogen belonging to the genus flavivirus within the family flaviviridae. the genome of the tbe virus is a single-stranded rna (ssrna) molecule of positive polarity encoding all the viral proteins within a single open reading frame (orf). tbe virus shares common physical and genetic characteristic of the flavivirus genus. two subtypes of the tbe virus have been described: (1) european, endemic in many parts of europe and transmitted by i ...	1997	9219644
transmission of the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia garinii, between infected and uninfected immature ixodes persulcatus during cofeeding on mice.	the ixodid tick, ixodes persulcatus, serves as a vector for the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia garinii, in japan. transmission of the spirochete from infected nymphs to uninfected larvae during their cofeeding on mice was studied under laboratory conditions. using feeding chambers, infected nymphs and uninfected larvae were allowed to cofeed on heads of normal balb/c mice. in another group of mice, we separately exposed nymphs to the head and larvae to the back. the resultant engorged larvae ...	1997	9194849
[comparative data on the tick-borne encephalitis virus infectiousness of hungry and satiated taiga ticks (based on the results of an immunoenzyme analysis)].	the results of individual investigation of 25,500 ixodes persulcatus ticks from east siberia are presented. the ticks were collected from grass, men, and animals before their sticking and after feeding at different intervals. the quantity of positive specimens was 6-11 times higher among the fed ticks hungry ones and averaged 10.36 and 1.85%, respectively, at the first stage due to the higher aggression of the infected females at the first stage and due to viral replication when the tick had fee ...	1997	9182196
[the reaction of taiga ticks to an attractant. ii. the rates of removing ticks from a population].	catching ticks on the attractant-moistened napkins and on the flag (control) under field conditions during 5 days has demonstrated that a population of taiga ticks on the treated areas can be killed within 1-2 weeks when attractive-acaricidal granules are applied.	2009	9182195
competence of a migratory bird, red-bellied thrush (turdus chrysolaus), as an avian reservoir for the lyme disease spirochetes in japan.	to evaluate the competence of migratory birds as reservoirs for the lyme disease spirochetes, we examined two species of migrants, red-bellied thrush (turdus chrysolaus) and black-faced bunting (emberiza spodocephala) in nemuro, the northern part of japan. spirochetes were found in four individual birds out of 11 t. chrysolaus, three isolates were detected from the skins and the other one was obtained from the liver. no spirochete was found to be infected in 20 e. spodocephala. as far as we know ...	1997	9140513
[localization of borrelia in the ixodes persulcatus (ixodidae) tick].		1997	9102097
antibiotic treatment in mice infected with japanese borrelia garinii: efficacy of ceftriaxone for eradicating the infection induced by ixodes persulcatus tick bites.	we compared the efficacy of three antibiotics (ceftriaxone, erythromycin and clarithromycin) against borrelia garinii infection in mice. the nymphal ticks of ixodes persulcatus infected with the strain jem6 of japanese b. garinii were allowed to feed on female c3h mice. the mice were treated with each of the antibiotics for 5 consecutive days 1, 3, or 7 weeks after tick detachment. the doses of antibiotics per day were as follows: 5 mg intraperitoneal injection of ceftriaxone, 2 mg intraperitone ...	1997	9087959
consensus sequence on the genes encoding the major outer surface proteins (ospa and ospb) of borrelia garinii isolate.	japanese lyme borrelias classified as ribotype iv is predominant among isolates derived from clinical specimens, reservoir rodents and ixodes persulcatus ticks, and has been characterized as borrelia garinii. these b. garinii isolates have antigenic and genetic features apparently different from north american, european and other asian isolates, especially in major outer surface proteins a (ospa) and b (ospb). in this study, we cloned and sequenced the genes encoding ospa and ospb from b. garini ...	1997	9087950
[the distribution of tick-borne encephalitis virus-infected ticks along a linear census route].	an individual study of ixodes persulcatus schulze, 1930, established that the distribution of infected ticks differs from the normal distribution and it is most close to the poisson distribution. there is a tendency to deviation from the uniform-random distribution associated with higher infected tick contact rates in some parts of the route.	1996	9036277
[the reaction of taiga ticks to an attractant. iii. the use of attractant-acaricidal granules in a field experiment].	on june 15, a total of 300 granules were placed at 1-m intervals on the sides of a concrete-covered road located along the steep slope of a valley. the number of ticks on 300-m plots decreased from 557 (before the experiment) to 55 on june 24 and to 11 on june 27. on the 200-m control plot there were 256, 280 and 168 ticks, respectively, in the same periods of time. thus, the efficiency of tick eradication was 91 and 97% on days 9 and 12, respectively.	2009	9036276
[the functioning of foci of mixed tick-borne infections on russian territory].	based on the studies of behavioral variations in ixodes persulcatus ticks under the influence of their carried pathogens, the authors forward a hypothesis for that there is antagonism between borrelia and tick-borne encephalitis virus in the vector. experiments demonstrated that borrelia-infected ticks had a lower viral sensitivity than did noninfected ticks. there was inhibited viral reproduction in the ticks with double infection. evidence is presented for that the borrelia-infected nymphal ti ...	1996	9026679
[standards for reviewing preparations in the study of ixodid tick nymphs by dark-field microscopy in borreliosis foci].	the results of dark-field microscopy of 73 positive preparations from the unfed ixodes persulcatus sch. nymphs collected in the perm region of russia have been analysed. the preparations were prepared by cutting the ticks placed into a physiological saline drop with needles. the numbers of borrelia in the preparations varied from 0.4 to 173.6 per 100 microscopic fields (mean 22.9). it has been demonstrated that if all the standard conditions are fulfilled (magnification 600), drop volume 0.005 m ...	1996	9026665
preliminary studies on virus and spirochete accumulation in the cement plug of ixodid ticks.	we provide evidence that tick-borne encephalitis virus and borrelia burgdorferi s.l. are accumulated in the cement plug in the host skin within the first few hours after tick attachment. extirpation of the tick without the cement plug, even very soon after the attachment, did not prevent the transmission by ixodes ricinus, ixodes persulcatus or dermacentor reticulatus to mice. this was within 1 hour in the case of the tbe virus and after 20-22 h of attachment, in the case of borrelia and i. pers ...	1996	9004495
[molecular characteristics of tick-borne encephalitis virus from the southern sikhote-alin endemic region].	molecular characteristics of 38 strains of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus isolated in the southern sikhote-alin focus were studied using 10 synthetic oligonucleotide probes complementary to the genomic rna of the sofyin strain. the isolated strains were divided into 4 groups, depending on the source of isolation: 1) strains isolated from ixodes persulcatus (n = 8); 2) from the brain of patients dead from tbe (n = 10); 3) from the blood of patients with the febrile form of tbe (n = 7); and 4 ...	1996	8999668
[geographic variability in the sexually mature phase of ixodes persulcatus (ixodidae). experience in using databases on morphometry].	the aim of the article is to estimate geographic variation of ixodes persulcatus adults as a whole. intraspecific variation of the females and males of ixodes persulcatus schulze, 1930 has been studied in eight geographical localities ("populations") of its distribution range (fig. 1.). the distance between western and eastern localities is more than 8700 km, between northern and southern ones it is approximately 2900 km. twenty five to thirty specimens of each sex were studied in each geographi ...	1996	8984442
[parasitic arthropods of bison bonasus from the białowieza primeval forest].	during the period 1991-1993, 61 bisons from the białowieza primaeval forest were examined. 8 species of ectoparasites were noted: bovicola sedecimdecembrii, lipoptena cervi, dermacentor reticulatus, ixodes ricinus, ixodes persulcatus, chorioptes bovis, psoroptes ovis, demodex bisonianus. the most frequent incidence noted was d. bisonianus, prevalence 52%, followed b. sedecimdecembrii--28%, i. ricinus--12% and l. cervi 8%.	1996	8967085
a phylogenetic analysis of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolates associated with lyme disease in japan by flagellin gene sequence determination.	we determined nearly complete flagellin gene sequences for borrelia burdgdorferi sensu lato isolates (11 isolates obtained from ixodes persulcatus ticks and patients in hokkaido, japan, and 1 european isolate) representing six different restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) ribotype groups following cloning of the pcr-amplified genes. these sequences were aligned with those of representatives of the three borrelia species associated with lyme disease, and a phylogenetic tree was constr ...	1996	8934900
[contacts of the population of the republic of sakha (yakutia) with the tick ixodes persulcatus sch., 1930].		1996	8926933
[antibacterial therapy as a means of preventing ixodid tick-borne borreliosis].	a special epidemiological experiment to prevent borreliosis in persons bitten by infected ticks was performed in 1992-1994 in the russia's perm region where borrelia garinii and b.afzelii circulate, and ixodes persulcatus tick is the sole vector transmitting these pathogens to human beings. adult ticks were removed from the bodies of persons who had referred to health facilities for first aid. vital preparations were made from the material obtained from the gut of each tick and examined microsco ...	1996	8926931
borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in an endemic environment: wild sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) with infected ticks and antibodies.	ticks and blood samples were collected from wild sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) during a hunting season (august to october) of 1991 at a selected location in hokkaido, japan. ixodes persulcatus (adult and nymph) and i. ovatus (adult) were the common ticks on sika deer. spirochetes were detected in the midgut of the ticks by the indirect peroxidase-conjugated antibody staining method and by dark-field microscopy after cultivation. by the reactive pattern of monoclonal antibodies, isolates we ...	1996	8871523
prevalence of lyme disease spirochetes in ixodes persulcatus and wild rodents in far eastern russia.	borrelia spirochetes were isolated from the adult ixodid tick (ixodes persulcatus) in three areas of far eastern russia, namely, khabarovsk, vladivostok, and yuzhno-sakhalinsk. borrelia infective rates of ticks in those areas were 24.5, 41.4, and 25.1%, respectively (total rate was 26.6%). spirochetes were also isolated from the tissues of small mammals captured at khabarovsk (infective rate was 20.8%). samples were classified by rrna gene restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis ...	1996	8837448
characterization of spirochetes isolated from ticks (ixodes tanuki, ixodes turdus, and ixodes columnae) and comparison of the sequences with those of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato strains.	ixodes persulcatus serves as a tick vector for borrelia garinii and borrelia afzelii in japan; however, unidentified spirochetes have been isolated from other species of ticks. in this study, 13 isolates from ticks (6 from ixodes tanuki, 6 from ixodes turdus, and 1 from ixodes columnae) and 3 isolates from voles (clethrionomys rufocanus) were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, rrna gene restriction fragment length polymorphism, partial sequencing of the o ...	1996	8779571
variation in parameters affecting risk of human disease due to tbe virus.	to rank variables affecting risk of human disease due to tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus in the russian far east, we compared annual changes in (1) frequency of human contact with vector ticks, (2) prevalence of infection in the tick population and (3) quantity of virus present infected ticks. sites were sampled uniformly over a 4-year period in a forested region where ixodes persulcatus serves as the principle vector. the questing density of ticks on vegetation remained relatively constant ...	1995	8774782
prevention of borreliosis in persons bitten by infected ticks.	a study on prevention of borreliosis in humans bitten by infected ticks was performed in 1992-1994 in the perm' region of russia. adult ixodes persulcatus ticks were removed from the study subjects, and live preparations made from the material obtained from the gut of each tick were microscopically analyzed (up to 250 microscopic fields per preparation). persons were divided into experimental and control groups (261 and 97 persons, respectively). the experimental group received doxycycline (100 ...	1996	8740120
distribution of borrelia species associated with lyme disease in the subalpine forests of nagano prefecture, japan.	we surveyed the natural distribution of borrelia species associated with lyme disease in the subalpine forests of nagano prefecture, japan, during 1993-94. tick-derived isolates (n = 112) from ixodes persulcatus and rodent-derived isolates (n = 55) from apodemus argenteus, apodemus speciosus, eothenomys andersoni, eothenomys smithii, and microtus montebelli were classified by rrna gene restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (rflp ribotyping). ribotype group iv (an intraspecific varian ...	1996	8709867
refeeding activity of immature ticks of ixodes persulcatus and transmission of lyme disease spirochete by partially fed larvae.	the refeeding activity of immature ticks of ixodes persulcatus was studied under laboratory conditions. balb/c mice were used as blood sources. feeding larvae and nymphs spontaneously detached themselves from parasitized mice when the mice were killed 1 or 2 days after tick exposure. partially fed ticks were reexposed on other mice. both larvae and nymphs were able to refeed on mice. the resultant engorged ticks normally molted to the next developmental stages. we also examined the transmission ...	1996	8691387
[vergina-like strains of tick-borne encephalitis in russia].	the greek strain vergina representing an individual third serotype of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus has been compared with 13 tbe strains isolated on the territory of russia and central asia (in kirghizia). a kit of deoxyoligonucleotide probes complementary to genome sites of neudorfle strain of the tbe central european subtype (protein c and prm genes) and of strain sofyin of the eastern subtype (protein e, c, m, prm, ns 1, ns 2b, ns 4b genes) was used in molecular hybridization of nuclei ...	1995	8686262
[tick-borne encephalitis in central and eastern europe].	the tick-borne encephalitis virus, a major arbovirus, is endemic in central and eastern europe. since the first case of tick-borne encephalitis observed in alsace in 1968, there have been approximately 30 cases reported in eastern france. the tick ixodes persulcatus (and the western subtype i. ricinus) is both the main reservoir and vector of the disease. early clinical signs of infection are followed by a second phase complicated with meningoencephalitis. the geographical distribution of the di ...	1996	8685190
venereal and cannibalistic ways of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato exchange between males and females of ixodes persulcatus (ixodidae, acarina).	borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s. l.) infection rate in ixodes persulcatus shulze maintained in different relative humidity gradient in male and female pairs and separately by sex were compared. ticks collected in the st. petersburg region of russia during 1992-1994 temperate and 1995 hot seasons. we observed that the infection rate among specimens maintained as sexual pairs were 1.2-2.5 times higher than among ticks maintained separately. rate of borrelia infection in tick couples was a bit h ...	1996	8673793
exchange of borrelia burgdorferi between ixodes persulcatus (ixodidae:acarina) sexual partners.	borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection rate in ixodes persulcatus schulze maintained at different relative humidity gradients in male and females pairs, separated by sex, and in ticks of both sexes having either normal or abnormal exoskeleton were compared. ticks were collected in the st. petersburg region of russia during 1992 and 1994. we observed that the infection rate among the ticks maintained as sexual pairs was 1.75-2.00 times higher than that among ticks maintained singles, indicatin ...	1996	8667380
in vitro and in vivo antibiotic susceptibility of lyme disease borrelia isolated from the ixodid tick in japan.	antimicrobial susceptibility of the lyme disease borrelia, strain hp1 vi, isolated from the tick ixodes persulcatus in hokkaido, japan, was determined in vitro and in vivo. a broth dilution technique was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) and minimum borreliacidal concentrations (mbcs) of five antimicrobial agents. strain hp1 vi was most susceptible to minocycline (mbc, 0.2 micrograms/ml). the other antimicrobial agents tested, aspoxicillin, cefmetazole sodium, imipen ...	1995	8648001
analyses of mammalian sera in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with different strains of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato.	blood samples were collected from cottontail rabbits (sylvilagus floridanus), raccoons (procyon lotor), white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus), and white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) between 1977 and 1991 in southern connecticut and new york state (usa) and were tested for antibodies against eight strains of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. among these spirochetes were six strains of b. burgdorferi sensu stricto, one strain of b. garinii (=ip90) and ...	1995	8583632
a case of abnormal size in eggs and larvae of the taiga tick, ixodes persulcatus (acari: ixodidae).	egg batches laid by females of ixodes persulcatus (maintained under a photoperiod of l:d 20:4 before feeding) contained eggs of two sizes: numerous normal eggs of 0.578 x 0.421 mm and some giant eggs of 0.776 x 0.515 mm. giant eggs were 32-34% greater in length and 22-24% greater in width than normal eggs. females maintained under a short-day photoperiod (l:d 12:12) laid only normal eggs (0.588 x 0.417 mm). there were no differences between these eggs in viability and developmental time, but lar ...	1995	8575272
borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in female cement plug of ixodes persulcatus ticks (acari, ixodidae).	borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato was detected in one out of five cement plugs of female ixodes persulcatus ticks. the spirochetes were found by dark field microscopy as early as 18 h after attachment of the ticks to the skin of a white mouse. the relevance of this finding is discussed in relation to the epidemiology of lyme borreliosis.	1995	8575271
physiological age of ixodid ticks: aspects of its determination and application.	this review analyzes 30 yr of data concerning physiological age of ixodid ticks. the level and state of nutritional reserves in unfed ticks has been proposed as an index of tick physiological age. the dynamics of the use of these substances reflect tick aging. thus, physiological age of ixodid ticks is determined by estimating the irreversible changes caused by natural vital activity in the body of unfed ticks, which inevitably raises the probability of tick death. the 4 age groups used in most ...	1995	8551497
[the frequency of generalized infection in adult fasting ticks of the genus ixodes in foci of borreliosis in russia and the usa].	a total of 740 adult ixodes persulcatus ticks were collected from the vegetation by flagging in russian foci where borrelia afzelii and b. garinii circulate, and 156 i. dammini ticks were collected in northwestern usa regions in foci with b. burgdorferi s.str. circulation. smears prepared from the internal organs of ticks were stained according to romanovsky-giemsa and analyzed under a microscope at a x 1125 magnification. all borreliae in 250 microscopic fields were counted, and concentration o ...	1995	8524615
antigenic and genetic characterization of borrelia species isolated from ixodes persulcatus in hokkaido, japan.	ten characteristic strains of spirochetes (ht2, ht7, ht10, ht15, ht17, ht19, ht20, ht22, ht32, and ht59) isolated from ixodes persulcatus adult ticks in hokkaido, japan, were selected and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, and by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. the protein profiles of the borrelial isolates were variable and markedly different from that of the type strain borrelia burgdorferi b31. the 41-kda flagellin protein was present ...	1993	8501250
protective activity of antisera against isolates of borrelia burgdorferi from various geographical origins.	antisera from rabbits immunized with two japanese strains of borrelia burgdorferi, hp3 an isolate from ixodes persulcatus and ho14 an isolate from i. ovatus, or the european strain p/bi isolated from human cerebrospinal fluid (csf) did not passively protect hamsters from challenge with the infectious strain 297, a north american isolate from patient csf. antisera to strains 297 and b31, a north american isolate from i. dammini, however, provided protective effect to challenge with strain 297. im ...	1993	8474362
advances in investigations of lyme borreliosis in the territory of the former ussr.	whereas late manifestations of lyme borreliosis were described in russia more than 100 years ago, early manifestations were described as different disease entities such as tick-borne erythema, etc. in 1985 lyme borreliosis was first verified serologically and the agent was first identified in 1986. by the beginning of 1992 lyme borreliosis was serologically confirmed in patients from the baltics to the far east. their geographical patterns in russia are closely related to areas of the hard ticks ...	1993	8472805
neurologic abnormalities in two dogs suspected lyme disease.	a 2-year-old mongrel dog developed neurological signs following tick bite. these included astasia, persistent tonic convulsions and hyper-reflexia. both serum igg and igm antibody titers against borrelia burgdorferi were positive in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the neurological signs subsided after high-dose penicillin and streptomycin treatment. a strain of spirochetes (p427a) was isolated from the midgut of ixodes persulcatus feeding on the dog. morphological characteristic, immu ...	1993	8350773
[trial results with dilor in controlling the taiga tick].	laboratory and field trials of dilor (beta-dihydroheptachlorine) have demonstrated its high acaricidal characteristics, but this pesticide is not recommended as a means for extermination of ixodes persulcatus, tick-borne encephalitis virus vectors. the tested compound is characterized by a high persistence, superior even to that of ddt. dilor metabolites retain their toxicity in the forest up to 4-5 years.	1993	8336644
preliminary observations on ultrastructure of borreliae in tissues of ixodes persulcatus.	we observed lyme borrelia by electron microscopy in the tissues of the ticks, ixodes persulcatus, which were indicated positive for borreliae by bsk cultures of their internal organs. borreliae (0.25 micron in diameter) were found only in the lumen of the midgut. they were closely associated with the microvilli on the midgut epithelium but never penetrated into the epithelial cells. ultrastructural features common to lyme borreliae., i.e., the three-layered membranes surrounding the cytoplasm an ...	1993	8295569
[the finding of larvae of the taiga tick ixodes persulcatus (parasitiformes: ixodidae) on necrophagous piophilid flies (diptera: piophilidae) in the southern yamal].	in course of mass collecting of necrophilous flies by means of cage traps with a bites of dead small mammals in south yamal, at latitude 67 north, 3400 dipterans were caught and examined on mite phoresy. among them two piophilid specimens with two attached ixodes persulcatus larvae have been recovered.	1993	8265213
[ultrastructural characteristics of lyme disease spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi) isolated from ixodes persulcatus in china].	this paper analyzed morphological characteristics of lyme disease spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi), isolated from ixodes persulcatus from different areas of china, with scanning and transmissive electron microscopies. cells of 8 strains were 8.4-36.0 microns long and 0.12-0.35 micron wide. there were 1-9 left-handed spires with wavelength of 1.09-4.30 microns and amplitude of 0.38-2.10 microns. ends of the cells were pointed or spindle. 7, 8 or 9 flagella were inserted subterminally at each en ...	1993	8236953
distribution of borrelia burgdorferi specific antibody among patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in korea.	lyme disease, a multi-systemic infection occurring worldwide, has yet to be reported in korea, although the spirochete b. burgdorferi, known as the causative organism of the disease, has recently been isolated from the vector tick ixodes persulcatus in the region. to contribute to revealing whether lyme disease exists in korea or not, b. burgdorferi specific antibodies (igg, igm, and/or iga) were measured by three individual enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) utilizing different antigens ...	1993	8179828
[the characteristics of the distribution of the causative agent of lyme disease and of the behavior of infected ticks of the genus ixodes].	it is demonstrated that in the regions, where ixodes persulcatus and i. ricinus are sympatric, the incidence and prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi among the latter tick species is higher. in areas, where the ixodes persulcatus population infected with borrelia were met, the percent of infected i. ricinus was 3-4 times more and the number of detection of borrelia-infected specimens was 9 times higher than in the regions, where i. persulcatus was absent. the hypothesis is proposed, that the tick ...	1993	8152845
[the significance of the species classification of ixodid ticks and their hosts in the development of antitick immunity].	larvae of ixodes persulcatus and hyalomma asiaticum were feeding permanently on hosts attacking them daily by groups of 5-20 ticks, and also fed by groups of 30-40 and 100 ticks with the interval 20 days. the factor of the host species in the case of 1-st feeding of ticks did not influence significantly on the weight of engorged ticks and also on the percent of larvae, which had finished the feeding and moulted to nymphs. in the cases of 2-nd and 3-rd feedings the significant part of ticks died ...	1993	8152842
prevalence of lyme borrelia in ticks, especially ixodes persulcatus (acari: ixodidae), in central and western japan.	prevalence of lyme borrelia in unfed ticks was surveyed in central and western japan during spring from 1991 to 1993. the tick fauna was diverse; ticks obtained consisted of four genera and more than 12 identified species, and both southern and northern species coexist with altitudinal separation. midguts of ticks were cultured in bsk medium for spirochetal isolation. borrelia-positive rates for adults of both a common species, ixodes ovatus neumann, and a northern species, ixodes persulcatus sc ...	1994	8057323
susceptibility of ixodes persulcatus and i. ovatus (acari: ixodidae) to lyme disease spirochetes isolated from humans in japan.	susceptibility of ixodes persulcatus schulze and ixodes ovatus neumann to lyme disease spirochetes isolated from humans was studied under laboratory conditions. six isolates (jem3, jem4, jem5, jem6, jem7, and jem8) from patients in japan were used for the study. mongolian jirds were inoculated intraperitoneally with each of the isolates. larval ticks of either i. persulcatus or i. ovatus were allowed to feed on the jirds and reared for development into nymphs. in all human isolates examined, the ...	1994	8057322
canine lyme disease: clinical and serological evaluations in 21 dogs in japan.	of 21 dogs from sapporo, hokkaido that had been recognised as having been bitten by ticks, 16 were seropositive to borrelia burgdorferi by elisa. thirteen of the seropositive dogs showed signs such as fever, astasia, convulsions, anorexia, fatigue, abnormal gait, nervous signs, diarrhoea, corneal opacity and conjunctivitis. these signs subsided as a result of antibiotic treatment within five days. the plasma concentrations of creatinine in the 21 dogs were higher than in control dogs. seven tick ...	1994	8009799
[the preliminary results of an ecological epidemiological study of lyme disease in western siberia].	studies of ixodes persulcatus ticks in omsk, kurgan, and novosibirsk regions revealed natural foci of lyme's disease. vector infection rate varied from 21 to 23.5% in the omsk region, from 30 to 52.9% in the kurgan region, and from 15 to 58.3% in the novosibirsk region. serologic screening of inpatients hospitalized during the epidemic season of 1991 with suspected tick-borne encephalitis and lyme's disease confirmed the latter condition in 10.8% of the examinees in the omsk and in 10% in the ku ...	1993	7968805
comparative studies on borrelia afzelii isolated from a patient of lyme disease, ixodes persulcatus ticks, and apodemus speciosus rodents in japan.	the genospecies borrelia afzelii was isolated from a patient of lyme disease in hokkaido, japan, for the first time, by culturing the minced erythema lesion in bsk ii medium. two analytical methods, rrna gene restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using the specific primer set to amplify the 16s rrna gene, revealed that this clinical isolate belongs to the group of b. afzelii. in our culture collection of spirochetes, part of the isolates from ixodes ...	1994	7968670
[the acaricidal activity of pyrethroids against ixodes persulcatus p. sch. nymphs].	the efficiency of 9 drugs based on cipermethrin, deltamethrin, permethrin, lambdacigalothrin, ciphenothrin, phenothrin against hungry i. persulcatus nymphs was studied in the laboratory setting. the values ld50 and ld99 (in g of an active ingredient per m2) were found when the nymphs got into contacts with the treated filter paper for 10 sec and 1 min. the paper discusses whether the pyrethroids as part of attractant-acaricidal granules can be used to suppress the size of ticks in the tick-borne ...	1994	7935189
in vitro antibiotic susceptibilities of borrelia isolates from erythema migrans lesion of lyme disease patients in japan.	antibiotic susceptibilities of twelve borrelial isolates from skin of patients with erythema migrans (em) and ticks (ixodes persulcatus and i. ovatus) in japan were examined by in vitro microdilution mic method and macrodilution mbc method. nine em isolates and 3 tick isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin, erythromycin, and minocycline. mics for japanese isolates were 0.038-0.30 microgram/ml, < 0.012 microgram/ml, and < 0.012-0.05 microgram/ml, respectively. mbcs were as follows: 0.038-0.88 m ...	1994	7935067
lyme disease spirochetes in a wild fox (vulpes vulpes schrencki) and in ticks.	lyme disease spirochetes were demonstrated in a wild female fox (vulpes vulpes schrencki) and in ixodes persulcatus ticks collected from the fox on sapporo, hokkaido, japan. spirochetes were detected in i. persulcatus, as well as skin lesions, brain, heart, kidney, and liver of the fox. five of seven isolates reacted with a monoclonal antibody against borrelia afzelii specific osp b. deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) relatedness of a brain isolate was 89% to b. afzelii, and ranged from 50 to 67% to th ...	1994	7933292
lyme disease spirochetes in japan: enzootic transmission cycles in birds, rodents, and ixodes persulcatus ticks.	the ixodid tick, ixodes persulcatus, serves as a vector of borrelia species associated with lyme disease in hokkaido, japan. the migratory birds of genera emberiza and turdus and the woodland rodents of genera apodemus and clethrionomys are the wildlife reservoirs. to systemize the enzootic transmission cycles, borreliae isolates were classified by ribosomal rna gene restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis. most (> 60%) isolates from the bird-feeding i. persulcatus larvae belong ...	1994	7930730
[the absolute and relative abundance of imagoes of the taiga tick (ixodidae) in the dark coniferous-deciduous valley forests of the northwestern spurs of the eastern sayan].	additions to the method of estimating the absolute and relative numbers of the pasture ticks in test areas are proposed. additions take in attention the influence of ticks immigrating to the test area in dependence upon the isolation rate of that area. it has been stated that in the period 1987-1991 the mean relative number of i. persulcatus (mean tick number per 1 flag-kilometer of three decades) was 48, 27, 57, 29 and 38; the absolute tick number on test area (tick number per 1 hectare)--1590, ...	1994	7824285
[the rate of infection of the taiga tick with borrelia in the western sayan].	the paper provides microscopic findings of taiga ticks collected for the causative agent of lyme's disease in may to july 1993 in the west sayan . a total of 1,016 specimens were examined, among them 124 (12.2%) were found to have borreliae. the areas were demonstrated to vary greatly with their epidemiological risk. the number of ticks and hence the epidemiological risk were the most in the low-mountain and chern taiga areas.	1994	7799847
polymerase chain reaction analysis of borrelia species isolated in japan.	primer reactivities of 25 borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolates from the ticks, ixodes persulcatus and i. ovatus, in japan and 10 isolates in europe and north america were investigated. the methods used in this study were the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) on the flagellin structural gene (fla), the outer surface protein a gene (osp a) and the outer surface protein b gene (osp b), and the restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of pcr products from osp a and osp b. the flage ...	1994	7799831
identification of borrelia burgdorferi isolated in korea using outer surface protein a (ospa) serotyping system.	two characteristic strains (935t, 934u) of b. burgdorferi isolated from ixodes persulcatus and a wild rodent (apodemus agrarius) in korea were selected and analyzed by an immunoblot method using the monoclonal antibodies directed to different epitopes of outer surface protein a (ospa). the reactive pattern of strain 934u with these monoclonal antibodies was identical to that of strains belonging to b. afzelii and that of strain 935t was different from other isolates. monoclonal antibody (5tee3) ...	1994	7723693
[changes in the bactericidal activity of the cementing fraction in ixodid tick saliva under the influence of the presence of the tick-borne encephalitis virus].	it is demonstrated that the abundance of bactericidal compounds in the salivary cement plug of ixodid ticks is changing under the influence of virulent tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) reproduction in their bodies. tbev infected ixodes persulcatus cement plug-forming lytic zone size enlarged in comparison with the naive tick one whereas micrococcus lysodeikticus lytic zones induced by the cement plug of tbev infected amblyomma hebraeum nymphs or rhipicephalus appendiculatus females reduced c ...	1994	7715548
susceptibility of the taiga tick ixodes persulcatus schulze to pyrethroids.	the susceptibility of the taiga tick ixodes persulcatus schulze to 15 pyrethroids has been evaluated. the knockdown time after exposure of ticks to pyrethroids tested was quite similar. it was revealed that the lethal doses of type i pyrethroids (permethrin-like) induced the rapid attachment of ticks to host. in contrast, the fatal poisoning with type ii pyrethroids (alpha-cn-pyrethroids) made the ticks unable to attach completely. possible mechanisms of the acceleration and the prevention of at ...	1994	7628245
ability of successful attack in two species of ixodid ticks (acari: ixodidae) as a manifestation of their aggressiveness.	patterns of attacking hosts by two closely related species of ixodid ticks (ixodes persulcatus and i. ricinus) were compared in parallel field tests. the ability of active unfed adults of both sexes to adhere to a flannel flag dragged over grass vegetation and to remain on the flag during this process were estimated. the tests were conducted under two temperature conditions, 6-10 degrees c and 17-22 degrees c. in all test versions, adults of i. persulcatus were more successful both in adhering t ...	1993	7628239
differences in borrelia infections in adult ixodes persulcatus and ixodes ricinus ticks (acari: ixodidae) in populations of north-western russia.	dark-field microscopy was used to determine the number of borrelia spirochetes in 630 standard preparations obtained from adult ixodid ticks (344 ixodes persulcatus and 286 i. ricinus) collected in 1989-92 in the leningrad region of russia. the average numbers of borrelia in i. persulcatus and i. ricinus preparations were 34.7 and 23.3 per 100 microscopic fields, respectively. the maximal individual values registered each year for ticks of both species were several hundred times greater than the ...	1995	7621710
[the correlation of light and hygrothermal factors in the determination of the morphogenetic diapause of the larvae and nymphs of the taiga tick in the northwestern spurs of the eastern sayan].	in the taiga of the region in question at the latitude 56 degrees n the photoperiod regimens of 25 june and 21 july determine 50% diapause in engorged larvae and nymphs of ixodes persulcatus. the durations of the day time on these dates are 17 h 34 min and 16 h 45 min respectively. seasonal fluctuations of temperature and precipitation in may-june are the main reasons for the modification of the critical photoperiod. in some years the critical dates for larvae and nymphs vary under these factors ...	1995	7567074
[the photoperiodic regulation of the development and diapause of the nymphs of the taiga tick ixodes persulcatus (ixodidae)].	development and diapause in nymphs of ixodes persulcatus at the age of 12 months are regulated at 18 degrees c by day-length according to the long-day photoperiodic reaction, and regimens of engorged nymphs are of main importance. long-day photoperiods (ld 20:4) have stimulated non-diapause development in 97-100% specimens (moulting of 50% nymphs in 67-69 days after feeding), but short-day photoperiods (ld 12:12) have induced diapause (a delay of development over than 6 months) in 75% specimens.	1995	7567073
genetic and phenotypic analysis of borrelia miyamotoi sp. nov., isolated from the ixodid tick ixodes persulcatus, the vector for lyme disease in japan.	the ixodid tick ixodes persulcatus is the most important vector of lyme disease in japan. most spirochete isolates obtained from i. persulcatus ticks have been classified as borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato because of their genetic, biological, and immunological characteristics. however, we found that a small number of isolates obtained from i. persulcatus contained a smaller 38-kda endoflagellar protein and single 23s-5s rrna gene unit. representative isolate ht31t (t = type strain) had the same ...	1995	7547303
[the reaction of taiga ticks to an attractant. 1. the experimental contact of nymphs with attractant-acaricidal granules].	four experimental variants used the following: 1) granules only from a filler (control); 2) those from a filler and an attractant; 3) and 4) those from a filler, an attractant, and a toxicant (permethrin or lambda cigalothrin, respectively). each experiment used 20 nymphs of the first laboratory generation. 90 and 25% were in contact with attractive and control granules, respectively. out of the nymphs in experiments 3 and 4 granules, 94 and 100% died. the contacts of 4 sec or more duration led ...	2013	7476685
[the presence of borrelia in the intestines and salivary glands of spontaneously infected adult ixodes persulcatus schulze ticks during bloodsucking].	a direct microscopic analysis of fixed smears and live preparations was used to reveal whether spirochetes are present in the gut and salivary glands of adult ixodes persulcatus ticks spontaneously infected with borrelia garinii and b. afzelii. unfed ticks collected from a vegetation, partially fed ticks removed from human bodies, and ticks deliberately fed on laboratory animals were studied. in each preparation, all spirochetes were counted in 250 microscopic fields, and their concentration per ...	1995	7476674
bacteriocidal qualities of ixodid tick (acarina: ixodidae) salivary cement plugs and their changes under the influence of a viral tick-borne pathogen.	the abundance of bacteriocidal compounds contained in the salivary cement plug of ixodid ticks was changed because of the reproduction of tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) in their bodies. the size of tbev-infected ixodes persulcatus shulze lytic zone surrounding the cement plug enlarged to that of naive ticks, whereas micrococcus lysodeikticus (cohn) lytic zones induced by the cement plugs of tbev-infected amblyomma hebraeum koch nymphs or rhipicephalus appendiculatus neumann females were re ...	1995	7473610
[changes in the physiological age and abundance of ixodes persulcatus ticks during their activity season (ixodidae)].	analysis of the regularity of seasonal changes in physiological age of adult ticks of i. persulcatus has shown that this regularity is described quite satisfactorily by the asymptotic function, by means of which age can be estimated during season for any time. changes in the age composition of active ticks are associated with the seasonal fluctuations in their abundance. due to this connection fluctuations in the seasonal abundance of active individuals can be foreseen and evaluated retrospectiv ...	1980	7465242
[body sizes of the taiga tick in different parts of its geographic range (ixodidae)].	912 hungry females of ixodes persulcatus from 19 sites of their distribution area (from estonia to the kuril islands) were measured. the length of the body and that of the dorsal shield reach their maximum in the primorje and in the south of khabarovsk territories. northwards and westwards and on the islands of the pacific ticks are smaller.	1980	7422347
[completeness of the count of ixodes persulcatus depending on their capture frequency rate in registration areas (ixodidae)].		1980	7383703
[attempt to establish the population and ecological characteristics of ixodes persulcatus (ixodidae) by the change in the physiological age of the ticks in the course of a season of activity].	certain peculiarities of the senescence of ixodes persulcatus population were established according to the changes in the age composition of hungry adult ticks belonging to different groups. it was found that the expenditure of reserve nutrients is irregular, this irregularity being greater in males than in females. early in season younger ticks become active while in the second half of the season--older ones. maximum life span of females in fir forests of western sajans is 70 to 80 days, that o ...	1980	7375135
[evaluation of the results of a single count of ixodes persulcatus ticks in sample areas and the ecological problems of this species (ixodidae)].		1981	7290739
[cultivation of ixodes persulcatus under field conditions].		1981	7254139
[activation of adult ixodes persulcatus ticks with a varying developmental character in the nymph phase].		1981	7207395