Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| factors affecting the ecology of tick-borne encephalitis in slovenia. | recognition of factors that influence the formation of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) foci is important for assessing the risk of humans acquiring the viral infection and for establishing what can be done (within reasonable boundaries) to minimize that risk. in slovenia, the dynamics of the tbe vector, i.e. ixodes ricinus, was studied over a 4-year period and the prevalence of infection in ticks was established. two groups of tick hosts were investigated: deer and small mammals. red deer have bee ... | 2015 | 25918865 |
| theileria annae (syn. babesia microti-like) infection in dogs in nw spain detected using direct and indirect diagnostic techniques: clinical report of 75 cases. | in north-western spain, piroplamosis caused by theileria annae is now recognized as a serious problem because veterinarians, despite being aware of the clinical signs of piroplasmosis, lack the necessary information on its epidemiology or specific diagnostic tools for its management. this, along with the fact that t. annae infection is also refractory to current piroplamosis treatments, prompted this study designed to assess the clinical presentation and diagnosis of this largely unknown parasit ... | 2015 | 25890106 |
| vertical transmission of bartonella schoenbuchensis in lipoptena cervi. | lipoptena cervi (diptera: hippoboscidae) is a hematophagous ectoparasite of cervids, which is considered to transmit pathogens between animals and occasionally to humans. the principal life stage that is able to parasitize new hosts is a winged ked that just emerged from a pupa. to facilitate efficient transmission of pathogens between hosts, vertical transmission from female deer keds to their offspring is necessary. we investigated vertical transmission of several vector-borne pathogens associ ... | 2015 | 25889985 |
| prevalence of 'candidatus rickettsia vini' in ixodes arboricola ticks in the north of spain, 2011-2013. | the prevalence of rickettsia spp. in ixodes arboricola ticks collected from birds in two locations in the north of spain from 2011 to 2013 was studied. | 2015 | 25889739 |
| serological differentiation of antibodies against rickettsia helvetica, r. raoultii, r. slovaca, r. monacensis and r. felis in dogs from germany by a micro-immunofluorescent antibody test. | spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae can cause febrile diseases with or without rash in humans worldwide. in germany only limited data are available about their medical significance. serological screening tests for antibodies against rickettsiae usually only distinguish between sfg and typhus group (tg) rickettsiae due to the strong cross reactivities within the groups. seroprevalence rates in dogs, as possible sentinels for tick-borne diseases, could serve as an indicator for the distribution ... | 2015 | 25889200 |
| rhipicephalus microplus and ixodes ovatus cystatins in tick blood digestion and evasion of host immune response. | cystatins are a group of cysteine protease inhibitors responsible for physiological proteolysis regulation and present in a wide range of organisms. studies about this class of inhibitors in parasites have contributed to clarify their roles in important physiological processes, like blood digestion and modulation of host immune response during blood feeding. thus, cystatins are a subject of research on the development of new parasite control methods. additionally, the characterization of protein ... | 2015 | 25889092 |
| varying influences of selection and demography in host-adapted populations of the tick-transmitted bacterium, anaplasma phagocytophilum. | the host range of a pathogenic bacterial strain likely influences its effective population size, which in turn affects the efficacy of selection. transmission between competent hosts may occur more frequently for host generalists than for specialists. this could allow higher bacterial population densities to persist within an ecological community and increase the efficacy of selection in these populations. conversely, specialist strains may be better adapted to their hosts and consequently achie ... | 2015 | 25888490 |
| an invasive mammal (the gray squirrel, sciurus carolinensis) commonly hosts diverse and atypical genotypes of the zoonotic pathogen borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. | invasive vertebrate species can act as hosts for endemic pathogens and may alter pathogen community composition and dynamics. for the zoonotic pathogen borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the agent of lyme borreliosis, recent work shows invasive rodent species can be of high epidemiological importance and may support host-specific strains. this study examined the role of gray squirrels (sciurus carolinensis) (n = 679), an invasive species in the united kingdom, as b. burgdorferi sensu lato hosts. w ... | 2015 | 25888168 |
| presence of zoonotic agents in engorged ticks and hedgehog faeces from erinaceus europaeus in (sub) urban areas. | european hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) are hosts for ixodes hexagonus and i. ricinus ticks, which are vectors for zoonotic microorganisms. in addition, hedgehogs may carry several enteric zoonoses as well. it is unclear to what extent a presence of pathogens in hedgehogs poses a risk to public health, as information on the presence of zoonotic agents in hedgehogs in urban areas is relatively scarce. | 2015 | 25885888 |
| efficacy of a fixed combination of permethrin 54.5% and fipronil 6.1% (effitix) in dogs experimentally infested with ixodes ricinus. | ticks are the most important vectors of disease-causing pathogens in domestic animals and are considered to be second worldwide to mosquitoes as vectors of human diseases. in europe, ixodes ricinus, the sheep tick, plays an important role as companion animal parasite but is also the primary vector of medically important diseases such as tick-borne encephalitis and lyme borreliosis. the present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy under laboratory conditions of a new fixed spot-on combinat ... | 2015 | 25884999 |
| efficacy of orally administered fluralaner (bravecto™) or topically applied imidacloprid/moxidectin (advocate®) against generalized demodicosis in dogs. | this laboratory study compared the efficacy of bravecto™ (fluralaner), formulated as a chewable tablet, with the efficacy of advocate® (imidacloprid/moxidectin), formulated for topical administration, against naturally acquired generalized demodicosis in dogs. | 2015 | 25881320 |
| parasite diversity of european myotis species with special emphasis on myotis myotis (microchiroptera, vespertilionidae) from a typical nursery roost. | bats belong to one of the most species-rich orders within the mammalia. they show a worldwide distribution, a high degree of ecological diversification as well as a high diversity of associated parasites and pathogens. despite their prominent and unique role, the knowledge of their parasite-host-relationships as well as the mechanisms of co-evolutionary processes are, partly due to strict conservation regulations, scarce. | 2015 | 25880235 |
| biochemical, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of digestion in the scorpion tityus serrulatus: insights into function and evolution of digestion in an ancient arthropod. | scorpions are among the oldest terrestrial arthropods and they have passed through small morphological changes during their evolutionary history on land. they are efficient predators capable of capturing and consuming large preys and due to envenomation these animals can become a human health challenge. understanding the physiology of scorpions can not only lead to evolutionary insights but also is a crucial step in the development of control strategies. however, the digestive process in scorpio ... | 2015 | 25875018 |
| neoehrlichiosis - a new tick-borne disease - is there a threat in poland? | recently in a few european countries a new pathogen transmitted by ticks ixodes ricinus - candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis was identified. it is a gram negative intracellular bacterium belonging to the anaplasmataceae family. worldwide 23 cases were described, among which 16 in europe. infection with candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis in humans runs mainly with fever, headache, nausea, arthralgia, thrombotic or haemorrhagic lesions, subcutaneous haemorrhages, haemorrhagic rash, general malaise ... | 2015 | 25862443 |
| preliminary investigation on tick fauna in the neighborhood of tarquinia, lazio, italy. | this study represents a preliminary inquiry on tick fauna composition carried out in maremma, central italy, where very few data are available. | 2015 | 25857387 |
| anaphylaxis to the carbohydrate side chain alpha-gal. | in 2007, the monoclonal antibody cetuximab caused severe hypersensitivity reactions during the first infusion in a region of the southeastern united states. investigation of pretreatment sera established that they contained immunoglobulin (ig) e against the oligosaccharide galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal), which is present on the fab of cetuximab. alpha-gal is a blood group substance of nonprimate mammals. these ige antibodies are also associated with delayed anaphylaxis to red meat (ie ... | 2015 | 25841549 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum in questing ixodes ricinus ticks from romania. | granulocytic anaplasmosis is a common vector-borne disease of humans and animals with natural transmission cycle that involves tick vectors, among which ixodes ricinus is the most important. the present paper reports the prevalence and geographical distribution of a. phagocytophilum in 10,438 questing ixodes ricinus ticks collected at 113 locations from 40 counties of romania. the unfed ticks were examined for the presence of a. phagocytophilum by pcr targeting a portion of anka gene. the overal ... | 2015 | 25838178 |
| risk of exposure to ticks (ixodidae) and the prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) in ticks in southern poland. | the article presents the results of the first study on seasonal activity of ticks and prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) in nymphs from the silesian province (southern poland). previous studies on the prevalence of tbev in ticks in poland have been conducted mostly in northern and eastern regions, but none in the silesian province itself. the aims of this study were to analyse the seasonal variation in tick populations and compare tbev prevalence in nymphs from different geograph ... | 2015 | 25838177 |
| lyme carditis--diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. | there are 60,000 to 100,000 new cases of borreliosis in germany each year. this infectious disease most commonly affects the skin, joints, and nervous system. lyme carditis is a rare manifestation with potentially lethal complications. | 2015 | 25838022 |
| a review of theileria diagnostics and epidemiology. | an extensive range of serological and molecular diagnostic assays exist for most of the economically important theileira species such as t. annulata, t. equi, t. lestoquardi, t. parva, t. uilenbergi and other more benign species. diagnostics of theileria is considered with regard to sensitivity and specificity of current molecular and serological assays and their use in epidemiology. in the case of serological assays, cross-reactivity of genetically closely related species reduces the use of the ... | 2015 | 25830110 |
| the role of wildlife in the transmission of parasitic zoonoses in peri-urban and urban areas. | during the last 100 years in many countries of the world, there have been dramatic changes in natural/rural landscapes due to urbanization. since many wildlife species are unable to adapt to these alterations in their environment, urbanization is commonly responsible for a decline of biodiversity in areas of urban development. in contrast, some wild animal species are attracted to peri-urban and urban habitats due to the availability of an abundant food supply and the presence of structures in w ... | 2015 | 25830108 |
| wildlife reservoirs for vector-borne canine, feline and zoonotic infections in austria. | austria's mammalian wildlife comprises a large variety of species, acting and interacting in different ways as reservoir and intermediate and definitive hosts for different pathogens that can be transmitted to pets and/or humans. foxes and other wild canids are responsible for maintaining zoonotic agents, e.g. echinococcus multilocularis, as well as pet-relevant pathogens, e.g. hepatozoon canis. together with the canids, and less commonly felids, rodents play a major role as intermediate and par ... | 2014 | 25830102 |
| identification of 24h ixodes scapularis immunogenic tick saliva proteins. | ixodes scapularis is arguably the most medically important tick species in the united states. this tick transmits 5 of the 14 human tick-borne disease (tbd) agents in the usa: borrelia burgdorferi, anaplasma phagocytophilum, b. miyamotoi, babesia microti, and powassan virus disease. except for the powassan virus disease, i. scapularis-vectored tbd agents require more than 24h post attachment to be transmitted. this study describes identification of 24h immunogenic i. scapularis tick saliva prote ... | 2015 | 25825233 |
| ectoparasite loads in sympatric urban populations of the northern white-breasted and the european hedgehog. | we investigated abundance and prevalence of ticks and fleas infesting urban populations of two species of hedgehogs: the northern white-breasted hedgehog (erinaceus roumanicus) and the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). the hedgehogs were captured in the city of poznań (western poland) over the period of 4 years. both species of hedgehogs were infested with the castor bean tick (ixodes ricinus), the hedgehog tick (ixodes hexagonus), and the hedgehog flea (archeopsylla erinacei). the northe ... | 2015 | 25820646 |
| [seasonal changes in the physiological age of ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae) imagoes on the stavropol elevation]. | ixodes ricinus imagoes were caught using a flannel flag in the april to october of 2011 to 2013. there were two seasons when these stages were numerous, namely: spring and autumn. the physiological age of 506 hungry i. ricinus imagoes was determined from their outward signs: the shape of their rear body, the surface of the cuticle, and visibility of the internals through the latter. the change in the age composition suggests that an autumn imago cohort consists of specimens that emerged from nym ... | 2015 | 25812412 |
| prevalence of tick-borne pathogens at various workplaces in forest exploitation environment. | the objective of the study was the evaluation of the infection of ticks with pathogenic microorganisms at various workplaces (timber acquisition, forest growing, forest cultivation, forest protection). | 2014 | 25812385 |
| infection of siberian chipmunks (tamias sibiricus barberi) with borrelia sp. reveals a low reservoir competence under experimental conditions. | reservoir competence is a key parameter in understanding the role of host species in the epidemiology of multi-host-especially vector-borne-pathogens. with this aim in view, we studied the reservoir competence of the siberian chipmunk (tamias sibiricus barberi) recently introduced into europe, for the multi-host tick-borne bacteria, borrelia burgdorferi sl, the agent of lyme borreliosis. t. sibiricus were experimentally exposed to bites from ixodes ricinus ticks infected with borrelia burgdorfer ... | 2015 | 25805623 |
| an investigation of binding ability of ixodes persulcatus schulze salp15 with lyme disease spirochetes. | salp15, a 15-kda tick salivary gland protein, has several suppressive modes of activity against host immunity and plays a critical role in the transmission of lyme disease spirochetes in ixodes scapularis and ixodes ricinus, major vectors of lyme disease in north america and western europe. salp15 adheres to borrelia burgdorferi and specifically interacts with its outer surface protein c (ospc), protecting the spirochete from antibody-mediated cytotoxicity and facilitating infection in the mice. ... | 2015 | 25796479 |
| orcokinin-like immunoreactivity in central neurons innervating the salivary glands and hindgut of ixodid ticks. | orcokinins are conserved neuropeptides within the arthropoda but their cellular distribution and functions in ticks are unknown. we use an antibody against the highly conserved n-terminal (nfdeidr) of mature orcokinin peptides to examine their distribution in six ixodid species: amblyomma variegatum, dermacentor reticulatus, hyalomma anatolicum, ixodes scapularis, ixodes ricinus and rhipicephalus appendiculatus. numerous immunoreactive neurons (~100) were detected in various regions of the synga ... | 2015 | 25792509 |
| molecular detection of rickettsia, borrelia, and babesia species in ixodes ricinus sampled in northeastern, central, and insular areas of italy. | the aim of the present study was to provide insight into the diversity of tick-borne pathogens circulating in italy, carried/transmitted by ixodes ricinus, one of the most abundant tick species in the country. a total of 447 specimens sampled in five areas of northeastern, central and insular italy were analysed by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing for the presence of rickettsiae, borreliae and babesiae. several rickettsial species of the spotted fever group of zoonotic concern and other ... | 2015 | 25784072 |
| a survey of ticks (acari: ixodida) infesting some wild animals from sivas, turkey. | in order to determine the species composition of infesting ticks, between 2011 and 2012 a total of 1118 wild animals were captured from various regions of zara, sivas province, turkey. a total of 138 ticks were obtained from the 58 host animals. ticks were identified as dermacentor marginatus (sulzer), haemaphysalis erinacei taurica pospelova-shtrom, haemaphysalis parva (neumann), haemaphysalis punctata canestrini and fanzago, haemaphysalis sulcata canestrini and fanzago, hyalomma marginatum koc ... | 2015 | 25784071 |
| detection of protozoans babesia microti and toxoplasma gondii and their co-existence in ticks (acari: ixodida) collected in tarnogórski district (upper silesia, poland). | ticks (acari: ixodida) are vectors of many pathogens i. a: babesia microti [bm] and toxoplasma gondii [tg]. in poland, ixodes ricinus [ir] is the main vector of both pathogens. this tick species and pathogens transmitted by them are a significant threat to human and animal health. | 2015 | 25780833 |
| ectoparasite load in the crested porcupine hystrix cristata linnaeus, 1758 in central italy. | the crested porcupine hystrix cristata is a large body-sized rodent, occurring in europe only in the italian peninsula, where it may have been introduced in early medieval times. its parasite fauna is currently poorly known and limited to few anecdotal observations. we have analyzed the ectoparasite load of 165 crested porcupines from tuscany and latium (central italy). both captured and road-killed individuals were checked for fleas and ticks. overall, only 39 porcupines were infested by four s ... | 2015 | 25773184 |
| ngs population genetics analyses reveal divergent evolution of a lyme borreliosis agent in europe and asia. | borrelia bavariensis is a recently described agent of lyme disease within the b. burgdorferi sensu lato species complex and exhibits a strong capacity for human pathogenicity. b. bavariensis strains are widely distributed in eurasia spanning the distribution range of the tick vectors ixodes persulcatus and i. ricinus. it has been suggested that b. bavariensis forms two populations, one of which arose through vector adaptation and geographic expansion. we have performed phylogenetic and populatio ... | 2015 | 25766392 |
| tissue- and time-dependent transcription in ixodes ricinus salivary glands and midguts when blood feeding on the vertebrate host. | ixodes ricinus is a tick that transmits the pathogens of lyme and several arboviral diseases. pathogens invade the tick midgut, disseminate through the hemolymph, and are transmitted to the vertebrate host via the salivary glands; subverting these processes could be used to interrupt pathogen transfer. here, we use massive de novo sequencing to characterize the transcriptional dynamics of the salivary and midgut tissues of nymphal and adult i. ricinus at various time points after attachment on t ... | 2015 | 25765539 |
| genetic variation in transmission success of the lyme borreliosis pathogen borrelia afzelii. | the vector-to-host and host-to-vector transmission steps are the two critical events that define the life cycle of any vector-borne pathogen. we expect negative genetic correlations between these two transmission phenotypes, if parasite genotypes specialized at invading the vector are less effective at infecting the vertebrate host and vice versa. we used the tick-borne bacterium borrelia afzelii, a causative agent of lyme borreliosis in europe, to test whether genetic trade-offs exist between t ... | 2015 | 25748511 |
| the alpha-gal story: lessons learned from connecting the dots. | anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can be rapidly progressing and fatal, and therefore establishing its cause is pivotal to long-term risk management. our recent work has identified a novel ige antibody response to a mammalian oligosaccharide epitope, galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal). ige to alpha-gal has been associated with 2 distinct forms of anaphylaxis: (1) immediate-onset anaphylaxis during first exposure to intravenous cetuximab and (2) delayed-onset anaphylaxis 3 to ... | 2015 | 25747720 |
| a newly established real-time pcr for detection of borrelia miyamotoi in ixodes ricinus ticks. | a total of 350 ticks collected in austria were analyzed for the presence of dna sequences of b. miyamotoi. three ticks gave positive results in a b. miyamotoi-specific nested pcr. results were confirmed by sequencing the amplified glpq gene from the positive samples. moreover we developed a real-time pcr which unambiguously detected b. miyamotoi in all positive samples. further genotyping of the samples found 100% identity of the 16s-23s intergenic spacer region with swedish b. miyamotoi sequenc ... | 2015 | 25736476 |
| seasonal variation in infestations by ixodids on siberian chipmunks: effects of host age, sex, and birth season. | in mammalian hosts, macroparasite aggregation is highly heterogeneous over space and time and among individuals. while the exact causes of this heterogeneity remain unclear, it has mainly been attributed to individual differences in exposure and susceptibility. although some extrinsic (e.g., parasite availability) and intrinsic (e.g., sex or age) factors are well known to affect infestation patterns, the joint and possibly interacting effects of these factors are poorly understood. here, we stud ... | 2015 | 25724565 |
| detection and quantification of anaplasma phagocytophilum and babesia spp. in ixodes ricinus ticks from urban and rural environment, northern poland, by real-time polymerase chain reaction. | anaplasma phagocytophilum and babesia spp. are emerging tick-borne pathogens which can threaten human health. a duplex real-time pcr and qpcrs with primers and probes targeting 97 and 116 bp fragments of 16s rrna and 18s rrna genes, respectively, were used for qualitative and quantitative detection of both pathogens in ixodes ricinus ticks. altogether 1875 ticks (1084 adults and 791 nymphs) were collected from rural and urban habitats in northern poland. of them, at least 0.9% were found to be i ... | 2015 | 25721255 |
| dominance of dermacentor reticulatus over ixodes ricinus (ixodidae) on livestock, companion animals and wild ruminants in eastern and central poland. | the most common tick species parasitizing animals in poland are ixodes ricinus and dermacentor reticulatus. these tick species differ in their distribution, habitats, seasonal activity and host specificity. ixodes ricinus is the most prevalent and widely distributed, whereas the range of d. reticulatus is limited to eastern and central parts of the country with several new foci in the middle-west and the west. however, as in many central european countries, the range of d. reticulatus is expandi ... | 2015 | 25717007 |
| ixodes ricinus salivary serpin irs-2 affects th17 differentiation via inhibition of the interleukin-6/stat-3 signaling pathway. | th17 cells constitute a subset of cd4(+) t lymphocytes that play a crucial role in protection against extracellular bacteria and fungi. they are also associated with tissue injury in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. here, we report that serpin from the tick ixodes ricinus, irs-2, inhibits th17 differentiation by impairment of the interleukin-6 (il-6)/stat-3 signaling pathway. following activation, mature dendritic cells produce an array of cytokines, including the pleiotropic cytokine il-6, ... | 2015 | 25712932 |
| borrelia miyamotoi infection in nature and in humans. | borrelia miyamotoi is a relapsing fever borrelia group spirochete that is transmitted by the same hard-bodied (ixodid) tick species that transmit the agents of lyme disease. it was discovered in 1994 in ixodes persulcatus ticks in japan. b. miyamotoi species phylogenetically cluster with the relapsing fever group spirochetes, which usually are transmitted by soft-bodied (argasid) ticks or lice. b. miyamotoi infects at least six ixodes tick species in north america and eurasia that transmit lyme ... | 2015 | 25700888 |
| accelerated phenology of blacklegged ticks under climate warming. | the phenology of tick emergence has important implications for the transmission of tick-borne pathogens. a long lag between the emergence of tick nymphs in spring and larvae in summer should increase transmission of persistent pathogens by allowing infected nymphs to inoculate the population of naive hosts that can subsequently transmit the pathogen to larvae to complete the transmission cycle. in contrast, greater synchrony between nymphs and larvae should facilitate transmission of pathogens t ... | 2015 | 25688016 |
| climate, environmental and socio-economic change: weighing up the balance in vector-borne disease transmission. | arguably one of the most important effects of climate change is the potential impact on human health. while this is likely to take many forms, the implications for future transmission of vector-borne diseases (vbds), given their ongoing contribution to global disease burden, are both extremely important and highly uncertain. in part, this is owing not only to data limitations and methodological challenges when integrating climate-driven vbd models and climate change projections, but also, perhap ... | 0 | 25688012 |
| ticks on dogs and cats: a pet owner-based survey in a rural town in northeastern switzerland. | changes in the endemic foci of tick populations and invasions of tick species to new areas have become evident in europe, leading to changes in the epidemiology of tick-transmitted diseases. however, data about tick infestations of pet animals are limited. following the recent identification of a new focus of canine babesiosis in northeastern switzerland, we investigated the occurrence of tick vectors in this region by using a pet owner-based sampling strategy. all dog owners in a rural town wer ... | 2015 | 25684694 |
| generation of mutant uukuniemi viruses lacking the nonstructural protein nss by reverse genetics indicates that nss is a weak interferon antagonist. | uukuniemi virus (uukv) is a tick-borne member of the phlebovirus genus (family bunyaviridae) and has been widely used as a safe laboratory model to study aspects of bunyavirus replication. recently, a number of new tick-borne phleboviruses have been discovered, some of which, like severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus and heartland virus, are highly pathogenic in humans. uukv could now serve as a useful comparator to understand the molecular basis for the different pathogenicities of ... | 2015 | 25673721 |
| occurrence of francisella spp. in dermacentor reticulatus and ixodes ricinus ticks collected in eastern poland. | a total of 530 questing dermacentor reticulatus ticks and 861 questing ixodes ricinus ticks were collected from lublin province (eastern poland) and examined for the presence of francisella by pcr for 16s rrna (rrs) and tul4 genes. only one female d. reticulatus tick out of 530 examined (0.2%) was infected with francisella tularensis subspecies holarctica, as determined by pcr of the rrs gene. none of 861 i. ricinus ticks were infected with f. tularensis. in contrast, the presence of francisella ... | 2015 | 25666656 |
| human seroprevalence against borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in two comparable regions of the eastern alps is not correlated to vector infection rates. | seroprevalences were determined by testing sera of 1607 blood donors from north, east, and south tyrol. in the tyrols, the continental divide delimitates areas with high seroprevalences of igg antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in the north (7.2%) from areas with low seroprevalences in the south (1.5%). to determine borrelia prevalences in unfed ixodes ricinus ticks, 755 questing ticks were tested by pcr. prevalences in nymphal and adult ticks were found to be 19.7% (n=132) and 2 ... | 2015 | 25661649 |
| detection of rickettsia spp in ticks by maldi-tof ms. | matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) has been shown to be an effective tool for the rapid identification of arthropods, including tick vectors of human diseases. | 2015 | 25659152 |
| carbohydrates as food allergens. | the literature supports the notion that carbohydrate epitopes, on their own, do not contribute significantly to the induction of allergic reactions. they bind weakly to ige antibodies and have been termed as cross reactive carbohydrate determinants. these epitopes cause confusion in in vitro ige testing through nonspecific cross-reactivity. coincident with the rising trends in food allergy prevalence, there has recently been reports of anaphylaxis induced by carbohydrate epitopes. there are two ... | 2015 | 25653916 |
| tick-induced allergies: mammalian meat allergy, tick anaphylaxis and their significance. | serious tick-induced allergies comprise mammalian meat allergy following tick bites and tick anaphylaxis. mammalian meat allergy is an emergent allergy, increasingly prevalent in tick-endemic areas of australia and the united states, occurring worldwide where ticks are endemic. sensitisation to galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-gal) has been shown to be the mechanism of allergic reaction in mammalian meat allergy following tick bite. whilst other carbohydrate allergens have been identified, this alle ... | 2015 | 25653915 |
| guideline for veterinary practitioners on canine ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis in europe. | canine ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis are important tick-borne diseases with a worldwide distribution. information has been continuously collected on these infections in europe, and publications have increased in recent years. prevalence rates are high for ehrlichia and anaplasma spp. infections in dogs from different european countries. the goal of this article was to provide a practical guideline for veterinary practitioners on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of ehrlichiosis and anapla ... | 2015 | 25649069 |
| observations on changes in abundance of questing ixodes ricinus, castor bean tick, over a 35-year period in the eastern part of its range (russia, tula region). | ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae) l. transmit a wide variety of pathogens to vertebrates including viruses, bacteria and protozoa. understanding of the epidemiology of tick-borne infections requires basic knowledge of the regional and local factors influencing tick population dynamics. the present study describes the results of monitoring of a questing i. ricinus population, conducted over 35 years (1977-2011) in the eastern, poorly studied part of its range (russia, tula region). we have found t ... | 2015 | 25631747 |
| efficacy of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin against ctenocephalides felis flea infestation in dogs. | five studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin on cat fleas, ctenocephalides felis, when applied to dogs, including dogs that underwent water exposure or shampooing. | 2015 | 25630582 |
| aerobic bacterial flora of biotic and abiotic compartments of a hyperendemic zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl) focus. | identification of the microflora of the sand fly gut and the environmental distribution of these bacteria are important components for paratransgenic control of leishmania transmission by sand flies. | 2015 | 25630498 |
| bartonella infection in rodents and their flea ectoparasites: an overview. | epidemiological studies worldwide have reported a high prevalence and a great diversity of bartonella species, both in rodents and their flea parasites. the interaction among bartonella, wild rodents, and fleas reflects a high degree of adaptation among these organisms. vertical and horizontal efficient bartonella transmission pathways within flea communities and from fleas to rodents have been documented in competence studies, suggesting that fleas are key players in the transmission of bartone ... | 0 | 25629778 |
| hard tick species of livestock and their bioecology in golestan province, north of iran. | a survey on tick species composition was carried out in golestan province iran during year 2010-2011.the aim was to determine tick species parasitizing domestic ruminants and their seasonal population dynamics. | 2013 | 25629071 |
| evaluation of repellency effect of essential oils of satureja khuzestanica (carvacrol), myrtus communis (myrtle), lavendula officinalis and salvia sclarea using standard who repellency tests. | using special lotions and repellent sprays on skin is one of the effective methods to prevent arthropods biting which was verified in this study. | 2013 | 25629066 |
| soluble cysteine-rich tick saliva proteins salp15 and iric-1 from e. coli. | ticks transmit numerous pathogens, including borreliae, which cause lyme disease. tick saliva contains a complex mix of anti-host defense factors, including the immunosuppressive cysteine-rich secretory glycoprotein salp15 from ixodes scapularis ticks and orthologs like iric-1 from ixodes ricinus. all tick-borne microbes benefit from the immunosuppression at the tick bite site; in addition, borreliae exploit the binding of salp15 to their outer surface protein c (ospc) for enhanced transmission. ... | 2014 | 25628987 |
| repellency, prevention of attachment and acaricidal efficacy of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin against the main vector of canine babesiosis in europe, dermacentor reticulatus ticks. | dermacentor reticulatus is a european hard tick of major veterinary importance because it is the vector of canine babesiosis due to babesia canis. the efficacy against this particular tick species is therefore a key characteristic for an acaricidal solution for dogs. the repellency, prevention of attachment and acaricidal efficacy of frontline tri- act/frontect, a new combination of fipronil and permethrin against induced infestations of dermacentor reticulatus ticks on dogs were evaluated after ... | 2015 | 25622802 |
| acaricidal efficacy of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin against ixodes ricinus and rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks. | two blinded, controlled laboratory studies were conducted to assess the acaricidal efficacy of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin (frontline tri-act/frontect) against two tick species. study a evaluated the efficacy of the product against both ixodes ricinus and rhipicephalus sanguineus and study b evaluated the efficacy against r. sanguineus only. | 2015 | 25622698 |
| fipronil and permethrin combination: a novel ectoparasiticide for dogs. | 2015 | 25622552 | |
| increasing incidence of tick-borne encephalitis and its importance in the slovak republic. | tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) is caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev), a virus species of the genus flavivirus within the flaviviridae family. in western europe, tbev is transmitted primarily by the ixodes ricinus (i. ricinus) tick. during the last 30 years, there has been a continued increase in human cases of tbe in europe. a total number of 102 cases in slovakia was reported in 2012 (1.89/100,000), with two local outbreaks after the ingestion of raw milk and dairy products. active v ... | 2014 | 25622489 |
| investigation of tick-borne bacteria (rickettsia spp., anaplasma spp., ehrlichia spp. and borrelia spp.) in ticks collected from andean tapirs, cattle and vegetation from a protected area in ecuador. | ixodid ticks play an important role in the transmission and ecology of infectious diseases. information about the circulation of tick-borne bacteria in ticks is lacking in ecuador. our aims were to investigate the tick species that parasitize andean tapirs and cattle, and those present in the vegetation from the buffer zone of the antisana ecological reserve and cayambe-coca national park (ecuador), and to investigate the presence of tick-borne bacteria. | 2015 | 25616567 |
| occurrence of ixodiphagus hookeri (hymenoptera: encyrtidae) in ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae) in southern italy. | natural enemies of ticks include the parasitoid wasp ixodiphagus hookeri (hymenoptera: encyrtidae). the aim of this preliminary study was to investigate the occurrence of i. hookeri dna in a community of ticks (ixodes ricinus, dermacentor marginatus, hyalomma marginatum, haemaphysalis inermis and rhipicephalus turanicus). from may 2010 to march 2012, ticks were collected monthly by dragging and flagging, identified, and 481 adults and 305 nymphs screened molecularly for infection with i. hookeri ... | 2015 | 25614120 |
| evaluation of halogenated coumarins for antimosquito properties. | mosquitoes are the major vectors of parasites and pathogens affecting humans and domestic animals. the widespread development of insecticide resistance and negative environmental effects of most synthetic compounds support an interest in finding and developing alternative products against mosquitoes. natural coumarins and synthetic coumarin analogues are known for their several pharmacological properties, including being insecticidal. in the present study halogenated coumarins (3-mono/dibromo ac ... | 2014 | 25610898 |
| evolution of small prokaryotic genomes. | as revealed by genome sequencing, the biology of prokaryotes with reduced genomes is strikingly diverse. these include free-living prokaryotes with ∼800 genes as well as endosymbiotic bacteria with as few as ∼140 genes. comparative genomics is revealing the evolutionary mechanisms that led to these small genomes. in the case of free-living prokaryotes, natural selection directly favored genome reduction, while in the case of endosymbiotic prokaryotes neutral processes played a more prominent rol ... | 2014 | 25610432 |
| synanthropic rodents and their ectoparasites as carriers of a novel haemoplasma and vector-borne, zoonotic pathogens indoors. | despite their close association with human dwellings, the role of synanthropic rodents in the epidemiology of vector-borne infections is seldom studied. the aim of the present study was to compensate for this lack of information, by the molecular investigation of vector-borne bacteria in peridomestic rodents and their ectoparasites. | 2015 | 25589174 |
| molecular characterization of a defensin gene from a hard tick, dermacentor silvarum. | ticks are distributed worldwide and considered as vectors of many human diseases. tick defensins, a family of antimicrobial peptides, form the first line of defense against pathogens. | 2015 | 25588982 |
| the first evidence of lyme neuroborreliosis in southern bosnia and herzegovina. | lyme borreliosis (lb) is caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted to humans by ticks of the ixodes ricinus complex. it is manifested by a variety of clinical symptoms and affects skin, joints, heart, and nervous system. neurological manifestations are predictable and usually include meningoencephalitis, facial palsy, or radiculopathy. recently, a dramatic rise in the number of diagnosed cases of lb has been observed on the global level. here we show the first case of l ... | 2014 | 25580319 |
| cryptic vector divergence masks vector-specific patterns of infection: an example from the marine cycle of lyme borreliosis. | vector organisms are implicated in the transmission of close to a third of all infectious diseases. in many cases, multiple vectors (species or populations) can participate in transmission but may contribute differently to disease ecology and evolution. the presence of cryptic vector populations can be particularly problematic as differences in infection can be difficult to evaluate and may lead to erroneous evolutionary and epidemiological inferences. here, we combine site-occupancy modeling an ... | 2010 | 25567933 |
| current and past strategies for bacterial culture in clinical microbiology. | a pure bacterial culture remains essential for the study of its virulence, its antibiotic susceptibility, and its genome sequence in order to facilitate the understanding and treatment of caused diseases. the first culture conditions empirically varied incubation time, nutrients, atmosphere, and temperature; culture was then gradually abandoned in favor of molecular methods. the rebirth of culture in clinical microbiology was prompted by microbiologists specializing in intracellular bacteria. th ... | 2015 | 25567228 |
| vector-borne disease intelligence: strategies to deal with disease burden and threats. | owing to the complex nature of vector-borne diseases (vbds), whereby monitoring of human case patients does not suffice, public health authorities experience challenges in surveillance and control of vbds. knowledge on the presence and distribution of vectors and the pathogens that they transmit is vital to the risk assessment process to permit effective early warning, surveillance, and control of vbds. upon accepting this reality, public health authorities face an ever-increasing range of possi ... | 2014 | 25566522 |
| diagnosis of human granulocytic anaplasmosis in belgium by combining molecular and serological methods. | we report here one new, hospitalized case of anaplasma phagocytophilum in belgium. the clinical presentation of anaplasmosis, its treatment and the molecular and serological relevant laboratory methods are briefly developed. | 2014 | 25566398 |
| lyme borreliosis: a review of data on transmission time after tick attachment. | lyme borreliosis is increasing rapidly in many parts of the world and is the most commonly occurring vector-borne disease in europe and the usa. the disease is transmitted by ticks of the genus ixodes. they require a blood meal at each stage of their life cycle and feed on a wide variety of wild and domestic animals as well as birds and reptiles. transmission to humans is incidental and can occur during visits to a vector habitat, when host mammals and their associated ticks migrate into the urb ... | 2014 | 25565881 |
| methodological caveats in the environmental modelling and projections of climate niche for ticks, with examples for ixodes ricinus (ixodidae). | interest is increasing in inferring the climate niche of health-threatening arthropods and projecting such inferences onto a territory. this approach is intended to predict the range of tick distribution and to elucidate tick responses to climate scenarios, using so-called correlative models. however, some methodological gaps might prevent achieving an adequate background for hypothesis testing. we explore, describe, and illustrate these procedural inaccuracies with examples focused on the tick ... | 2015 | 25564277 |
| rhipicephalus microplus serine protease inhibitor family: annotation, expression and functional characterisation assessment. | rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus evades the host's haemostatic system through a complex protein array secreted into tick saliva. serine protease inhibitors (serpins) conform an important component of saliva which are represented by a large protease inhibitor family in ixodidae. these secreted and non-secreted inhibitors modulate diverse and essential proteases involved in different physiological processes. | 2015 | 25564202 |
| rickettsia buchneri sp. nov., a rickettsial endosymbiont of the blacklegged tick ixodes scapularis. | we obtained a rickettsial isolate from the ovaries of the blacklegged tick, ixodes scapularis. the isolate (iso7(t)) was grown in the ixodes ricinus embryonic cell line ire11. we characterized the isolate by transmission electron microscopy and gene sequencing. phylogenetic analysis of 11 housekeeping genes demonstrated that the isolate fulfils the criteria to be classified as a representative of a novel rickettsial species closely related to 'rickettsia monacensis'. these rickettsiae form a cla ... | 2015 | 25563918 |
| search for blood or water is influenced by borrelia burgdorferi in ixodes ricinus. | an increasing number of studies suggest that vector-borne parasites are able to alter phenotypic traits in their arthropod vectors so that microorganism transmission is enhanced. this review documents this phenomenon, which occurs between borrelia burgdorferi bacteria, the causative agents of lyme borreliosis, and their tick vectors belonging to the ixodes ricinus complex. it also reviews the influence of other tick-borne pathogens on these ticks. ticks belonging to the ixodes ricinus complex be ... | 2015 | 25560984 |
| reverse genetics system for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus. | severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv) is an emerging tick-borne pathogen that was first reported in china in 2009. phylogenetic analysis of the viral genome showed that sfts virus represents a new lineage within the phlebovirus genus, distinct from the existing sandfly fever and uukuniemi virus groups, in the family bunyaviridae. sfts disease is characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms, chills, joint pain, myalgia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytopenia, and some hemorrhagic mani ... | 2014 | 25552716 |
| molecular evidence of leishmania infantum in ixodes ricinus ticks from dogs and cats, in italy. | leishmaniosis, caused by leishmania infantum, is an endemic zoonosis in the mediterranean basin. to date, phlebotomine sand flies are the only accepted biological vectors of leishmania parasites to dogs and humans. the absence of the primary vector in autochthonous leishmania outbreaks suggests a possible role of fleas or ticks as alternative vectors. in this study, 119 ticks were collected between august 2007-june 2008 and between march 2010-october 2010 from various animal species and humans l ... | 2014 | 25546069 |
| tick saliva increases production of three chemokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, a histamine-releasing cytokine. | the effect of ixodes ricinus tick saliva on the production of various cytokines and chemokines by mouse splenocytes was tested by a cytokine array. we demonstrated a strong upregulation of three chemokines, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (mcp-1), thymus-derived chemotactic agent 3 (tca-3) and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (mip-2). mcp-1 could be induced by tick saliva itself. while tca-3 and mip-2 are engaged in th2 polarization of the host immune response associated with tick feeding, m ... | 2015 | 25545116 |
| identification of genes associated with reproduction in the mud crab (scylla olivacea) and their differential expression following serotonin stimulation. | the central nervous system (cns) is often intimately involved in reproduction control and is therefore a target organ for transcriptomic investigations to identify reproduction-associated genes. in this study, 454 transcriptome sequencing was performed on pooled brain and ventral nerve cord of the female mud crab (scylla olivacea) following serotonin injection (5 µg/g bw). a total of 197,468 sequence reads was obtained with an average length of 828 bp. approximately 38.7% of 2,183 isotigs matche ... | 2014 | 25542017 |
| severe human babesia divergens infection in norway. | human babesiosis is a rare but potentially life-threatening parasitic disease transmitted by ixodid ticks, and has not previously been reported in norway. we report a case of severe babesiosis that occurred in norway in 2007. the patient had previously undergone a splenectomy. he was frequently exposed to tick bites in an area endemic for bovine babesiosis in the west of norway. the patient presented with severe haemolysis and multiorgan failure. giemsa-stained blood smears revealed 30% parasita ... | 2015 | 25541295 |
| tick-borne encephalitis virus subtypes emerged through rapid vector switches rather than gradual evolution. | tick-borne encephalitis is the most important human arthropod-borne virus disease in europe and russia, with an annual incidence of about 13 thousand people. tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) is distributed in the natural foci of forest and taiga zones of eurasia, from the pacific to the atlantic coast. currently, there are three mutually exclusive hypotheses about the origin and distribution of tbev subtypes, although they are based on the same assumption of gradual evolution. recently, we h ... | 2014 | 25540692 |
| complete genome sequencing of borrelia valaisiana and borrelia afzelii isolated from ixodes persulcatus ticks in western siberia. | lyme disease, caused by bacteria of the borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex, is the most frequent tick-borne infection in eurasia. here, we report the complete genome sequence of the borrelia valaisiana tom 4006 and borrelia afzelii tom 3107 strains isolated from ixodes persulcatus ticks in western siberia. | 2014 | 25540343 |
| antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato among adults, germany, 2008-2011. | to assess borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (the cause of lyme borreliosis) seropositivity in germany, we tested serum samples from health survey (2008-2011) participants. seroprevalence was 5.8% among women and 13.0% among men; infection risk was highest among persons >60 years of age. public health interventions, including education about risk factors and preventive measures, are needed. | 2015 | 25531140 |
| epidemiology and ecology of tularemia in sweden, 1984-2012. | the zoonotic disease tularemia is endemic in large areas of the northern hemisphere, but research is lacking on patterns of spatial distribution and connections with ecologic factors. to describe the spatial epidemiology of and identify ecologic risk factors for tularemia incidence in sweden, we analyzed surveillance data collected over 29 years (1984-2012). a total of 4,830 cases were notified, of which 3,524 met all study inclusion criteria. from the first to the second half of the study perio ... | 2015 | 25529978 |
| prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in an urban park in rome, italy. | limited information is available about the presence of tick-borne pathogens in urban parks in italy. to fill this gap, ticks were collected in a public park in rome over a 1-year period and screened by molecular methods for tick-borne pathogens. | 2014 | 25528909 |
| detection of tbev rna in ixodes ricinus ticks in north-eastern poland. | tbev (flaviviridae, flavivirus) is an etiologic agent of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe), the most important arboviral human infection involving the central nervous system. the disease is endemic in a zone extending from central and eastern europe to siberia and japan, and corresponds to the distribution of the ixodid ticks, which act both as the vectors and reservoir of tbev. humans acquire infection mainly by the bite of an infected tick. a continuous increase of tbe cases throughout europe has ... | 2014 | 25528902 |
| from lyme disease emergence to endemicity: a cross sectional comparative study of risk perceptions in different populations. | lyme disease (ld) is a tick-borne emerging disease in canada that has been endemic in many temperate countries for decades. currently, one of the main approaches for ld prevention is the promotion of individual-level preventive behaviors against ticks. health behaviors are influenced by individual and social factors, one important of which is risk perception. this study aims to describe and compare risk perception of ld, within and between general populations and experts living in two different ... | 2014 | 25523355 |
| [seroprevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum in patients with suspected lyme borreliosis]. | human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga) is an emerging tick-borne zoonotic disease caused by an obligate intracellular bacterium, anaplasma phagocytophilum. in europe, a. phagocytophilum is transmitted by ixodes ricinus ticks. after lyme borreliosis and european tick-borne encephalitis, hga is the third most common tick-borne infection in the usa and europe. the clinical symptoms of anaplasmosis are non-specific and include malaise, fever, headache, myalgia, and arthralgia. in more severe cases, t ... | 2014 | 25523223 |
| emerging vector-borne diseases - incidence through vectors. | vector-borne diseases use to be a major public health concern only in tropical and subtropical areas, but today they are an emerging threat for the continental and developed countries also. nowadays, in intercontinental countries, there is a struggle with emerging diseases, which have found their way to appear through vectors. vector-borne zoonotic diseases occur when vectors, animal hosts, climate conditions, pathogens, and susceptible human population exist at the same time, at the same place. ... | 2014 | 25520951 |
| ixodes ricinus and its transmitted pathogens in urban and peri-urban areas in europe: new hazards and relevance for public health. | tick-borne diseases represent major public and animal health issues worldwide. ixodes ricinus, primarily associated with deciduous and mixed forests, is the principal vector of causative agents of viral, bacterial, and protozoan zoonotic diseases in europe. recently, abundant tick populations have been observed in european urban green areas, which are of public health relevance due to the exposure of humans and domesticated animals to potentially infected ticks. in urban habitats, small and medi ... | 2014 | 25520947 |
| diversity of anka and msp4 genes of anaplasma phagocytophilum in slovenia. | granulocytic anaplasmosis is a tick transmitted emerging disease in europe and worldwide. the agent, anaplasma phagocytophilum is transmitted by ticks of the genus ixodes and causes infections in humans and domestic animals. the analysis of different target genes showed that in nature several genetic variants of a. phagocytophilum were present. the purpose of our study was to genetically characterize a. phagocytophilum strains from eight humans, 16 dogs, 12 wild boars, one bear and 18 tick pools ... | 2015 | 25511457 |
| predicting tick presence by environmental risk mapping. | public health statistics recorded an increasing trend in the incidence of tick bites and erythema migrans (em) in the netherlands. we investigated whether the disease incidence could be predicted by a spatially explicit categorization model, based on environmental factors and a training set of tick absence-presence data. presence and absence of ixodes ricinus were determined by the blanket-dragging method at numerous sites spread over the netherlands. the probability of tick presence on a 1 km b ... | 2014 | 25505781 |
| fencing and mowing as effective methods for reducing tick abundance on very small, infested plots. | the tick ixodes ricinus (l.) transmits a large variety of pathogens to humans and is therefore a matter of concern for public health. different strategies for reducing the risk of tick bite, and thus of infection, have been developed and vary according to the kind of exposure (occupational, recreational, peridomestic). the present study (carried out in an endemic region for both lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis) aimed to assess the efficacy of two simple and cheap interventions for r ... | 2015 | 25499616 |
| threat of attacks of ixodes ricinus ticks (ixodida: ixodidae) and lyme borreliosis within urban heat islands in south-western poland. | the increased incidence of lyme disease in europe necessitates permanent monitoring of the occurrence and activity of its vector. therefore, in this study, we have investigated the presence and seasonal activity of ixodes ricinus ticks in various habitats of a large industrial region in south-western poland in correlation with environmental factors present in urban heat islands. additionally, the risk of borreliosis in this part of poland has been assessed. | 2014 | 25498247 |
| morphological and molecular characterization of karyolysus--a neglected but common parasite infecting some european lizards. | blood parasites of the genus karyolysus labbé, 1894 (apicomplexa: adeleida: karyolysidae) represent the protozoan haemogregarines found in various genera of lizards, including lacerta, podarcis, darevskia (lacertidae) and mabouia (scincidae). the vectors of parasites are gamasid mites from the genus ophionyssus. | 2014 | 25492802 |