Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| occurrence of human respiratory syncytial virus in summer in japan. | in temperate zones, human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) outbreaks typically occur in cold weather, i.e. in late autumn and winter. however, recent outbreaks in japan have tended to start during summer and autumn. this study examined associations of meteorological conditions with the numbers of hrsv cases reported in summer in japan. using data from the hrsv national surveillance system and national meteorological data for summer during the period 2007-2014, we utilized negative binomial log ... | 2017 | 27682641 |
| pre-fusion f is absent on the surface of formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus. | the lack of a licensed vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) can be partly attributed to regulatory hurdles resulting from vaccine enhanced respiratory disease (erd) subsequent to natural rsv infection that was observed in clinical trials of formalin-inactivated rsv (fi-rsv) in antigen-naïve infants. to develop an effective vaccine that does not enhance rsv illness, it is important to understand how formalin and heat inactivation affected the antigenicity and immunogenicity of fi-rsv com ... | 2016 | 27682426 |
| community acquired respiratory virus infections in cancer patients-guideline on diagnosis and management by the infectious diseases working party of the german society for haematology and medical oncology. | community acquired viruses (crvs) may cause severe disease in cancer patients. thus, efforts should be made to diagnose crv rapidly and manage crv infections accordingly. | 2016 | 27681877 |
| treating rsv in the immunocompromised. | tribavirin may be a useful treatment for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in people who are immunocompromised. | 1993 | 27680362 |
| seasonal variability of respiratory syncytial virus infection in the top end of the northern territory (2012-2014). | to determine the prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in the top end of the northern territory and investigate potential drivers of seasonality including rainfall and humidex (humidity and heat index). | 2017 | 27671992 |
| host cytoskeleton in respiratory syncytial virus assembly and budding. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the major pathogens responsible for lower respiratory tract infections (lrti) in young children, the elderly, and the immunosuppressed. currently, there are no antiviral drugs or vaccines available that effectively target rsv infections, proving a significant challenge in regards to prevention and treatment. an in-depth understanding of the host-virus interactions that underlie assembly and budding would inform new targets for antiviral development.cur ... | 2016 | 27670781 |
| spirometry filters can be used to detect exhaled respiratory viruses. | respiratory viruses are very common in the community and contribute to the burden of illness for patients with chronic respiratory diseases, including acute exacerbations. traditional sampling methods are invasive and problematic to repeat. accordingly, we explored whether respiratory viruses could be isolated from disposable spirometry filters and whether detection of viruses in this context represented presence in the upper or lower respiratory tract. discovery (n = 53) and validation (n = ... | 2016 | 27669334 |
| respiratory viruses and influenza-like illness: epidemiology and outcomes in children aged 6 months to 10 years in a multi-country population sample. | better population data on respiratory viruses in children in tropical and southern hemisphere countries is needed. | 2017 | 27667752 |
| palivizumab exposure and the risk of autoimmune disease: a cross-national cohort study. | treatment with biologic pharmaceuticals may be associated with an increased risk of immune-mediated disease. palivizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody designed to provide passive immunity against respiratory syncytial virus infection. palivizumab is primarily used in preterm children known to be immunologically immature. the long-term effect of palivizumab in terms of autoimmune diseases has not yet been investigated. | 2016 | 27665287 |
| gu-ben-fang-xiao decoction attenuates sustained airway inflammation by suppressing er stress response in a murine asthma remission model of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | in recent years, asthma has increased dramatically in prevalence with a considerable economic burden all over the world. long-term remission should be regarded as the promising and meaningful therapeutic goal in asthma management. however, the precise definition criteria and rational therapies for asthma remission have not been well-established. in academia, there is a consensus that even in those who develop asymptomatic remission of asthma, persistent airway inflammation is ubiquitous. gubenfa ... | 2016 | 27660012 |
| drug candidates and model systems in respiratory syncytial virus antiviral drug discovery. | the development of antiviral strategies to prevent or treat respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections is of great importance, especially considering the fact that rsv is one of the most important causes of pediatric respiratory infections. however, despite intense efforts, there is no antiviral or vaccine approved for the prevention or treatment of rsv infections. several inhibitors, targeting different rsv proteins have been discovered over the past decade. we here review the most important ... | 2017 | 27659812 |
| are respiratory viruses involved in preseasonal symptoms or severity in japanese cedar pollinosis? | respiratory virus infections are involved in asthma exacerbations. however, there are no reports of the relationship between respiratory virus infections and japanese cedar pollinosis. | 2016 | 27658182 |
| bromodomain and extra terminal (bet) inhibitor suppresses macrophage-driven steroid-resistant exacerbations of airway hyper-responsiveness and inflammation. | exacerbations of asthma are linked to significant decline in lung function and are often poorly controlled by corticosteroid treatment. clinical investigations indicate that viral and bacterial infections play crucial roles in the onset of steroid-resistant inflammation and airways hyperresponsiveness (ahr) that are hallmark features of exacerbations. we have previously shown that interferon γ (ifnγ) and lipopolysaccharide (lps) cooperatively activate pulmonary macrophages and induce steroid-res ... | 2017 | 27657907 |
| etiology and clinical characteristics of single and multiple respiratory virus infections diagnosed in croatian children in two respiratory seasons. | the aim of this study was to determine the causative agent of acute respiratory infection (ari) in hospitalized children, as well as investigate the characteristics of aris with single and multiple virus detection in two respiratory seasons. in 2010 and 2015, nasopharyngeal and pharyngeal swabs from a total of 134 children, admitted to the hospital due to ari, were tested using multiplex pcr. viral etiology was established in 81.3% of the patients. coinfection with two viruses was diagnosed in 2 ... | 2016 | 27656298 |
| clinical predictors of critical lower respiratory tract illness due to respiratory syncytial virus in infants and children: data to inform case definitions for efficacy trials. | we analyzed data from 524 argentinean infants hospitalized with lower respiratory tract illness (lrti) due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) to inform selection of clinical end points for rsv vaccine efficacy trials. cases of lrti due to rsv that required a mask, continuous or bilevel positive airway pressure, or mechanical ventilation were classified as critical. oxygen saturation of ≤90%, tachypnea, and tachycardia were each associated with an increased odds of critical lrti due to rsv (adj ... | 2016 | 27655869 |
| the respiratory syncytial virus phosphoprotein, matrix protein, and fusion protein carboxy-terminal domain drive efficient filamentous virus-like particle formation. | virus-like particles (vlps) are attractive as a vaccine concept. for human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv), vlp assembly is poorly understood and appears inefficient. hence, hrsv antigens are often incorporated into foreign vlp systems to generate anti-rsv vaccine candidates. to better understand the assembly, and ultimately to enable efficient production, of authentic hrsv vlps, we examined the associated requirements and mechanisms. in a previous analysis in hep-2 cells, the nucleoprotein ( ... | 2016 | 27654298 |
| multiple strategies reveal a bidentate interaction between the nipah virus attachment and fusion glycoproteins. | the paramyxoviral family contains many medically important viruses, including measles virus, mumps virus, parainfluenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, and the deadly zoonotic henipaviruses hendra and nipah virus (niv). to both enter host cells and spread from cell to cell within infected hosts, the vast majority of paramyxoviruses utilize two viral envelope glycoproteins: the attachment glycoprotein (g, h, or hemagglutinin-neuraminidase [hn]) and the fusion glycopro ... | 2016 | 27654290 |
| strategies to develop vaccines of pediatric interest. | the success of the vaccines available on the market has significantly increased interest in vaccine development. areas covered: the main aim of this paper is to discuss the most important vaccines of pediatric interest that are currently being developed. new pneumococcal vaccines and vaccines against group b streptococcus, staphylococcus aureus and respiratory syncytial virus are analyzed in detail. expert commentary: advances in understanding human immunology, including human monoclonal antibod ... | 2017 | 27653455 |
| outcomes of infants receiving palivizumab prophylaxis for respiratory syncytial virus in canada and italy: an international, prospective cohort study. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection frequently results in rsv-related hospitalization (rsvh) in young infants. we examined the outcomes of palivizumab recipients within the canadian registry (caress) and the torino-verona italian registry over the 2002-2014 rsv seasons. | 2017 | 27649365 |
| anti-inflammatory effect of prophylactic macrolides on children with chronic lung disease: a protocol for a double-blinded randomised controlled trial. | recent studies suggest that the high mortality rate of respiratory viral infections is a result of an overactive neutrophilic inflammatory response. macrolides have anti-inflammatory properties, including the ability to downregulate the inflammatory cascade, attenuate excessive cytokine production in viral infections, and may reduce virus-related exacerbations. in this study, we will test the hypothesis that prophylactic macrolides will reduce the severity of respiratory viral illness in childre ... | 2016 | 27638496 |
| clinical characteristics and viral load of respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus in children hospitaled for acute lower respiratory tract infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) are two common viral pathogens in acute lower respiratory tract infections (alrti). however, the association of viral load with clinical characteristics is not well-defined in alrti. to explore the correlation between viral load and clinical characteristics of rsv and hmpv in children hospitalized for alrti in lanzhou, china. three hundred and eighty-seven children hospitalized for alrti were enrolled. nasopharyngeal aspirates (n ... | 2017 | 27632796 |
| respiratory virus-associated severe acute respiratory illness and viral clustering in malawian children in a setting with a high prevalence of hiv infection, malaria, and malnutrition. | we used data from 4 years of pediatric severe acute respiratory illness (sari) sentinel surveillance in blantyre, malawi, to identify factors associated with clinical severity and coviral clustering. | 2016 | 27630199 |
| analytical characterization of an oil-in-water adjuvant emulsion. | adjuvants are typically used in subunit vaccine formulations to enhance immune responses elicited by individual antigens. physical chemical characterization of novel adjuvants is an important step in ensuring their effective use in vaccine formulations. this paper reports application of a panel of quantitative assays developed to analyze and characterize an oil-in-water adjuvant emulsion, which contains glucopyranosyl lipid a (gla) and is a squalene-based emulsion. gla is a fully synthetic analo ... | 2017 | 27628187 |
| defining the risk and associated morbidity and mortality of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection among preterm infants without chronic lung disease or congenital heart disease. | the regal (rsv evidence-a geographical archive of the literature) series provide a comprehensive review of the published evidence in the field of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in western countries over the last 20 years. this second publication covers the risk and burden of rsv infection in preterm infants born at <37 weeks' gestational age (wga) without chronic lung disease or congenital heart disease. | 2016 | 27628014 |
| high frequency jet ventilation in respiratory failure secondary to respiratory syncytial virus infection: a case series. | to describe the utility of high frequency jet ventilation (hfjv) as a rescue therapy in patients with respiratory failure secondary to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) that was refractory to conventional mechanical ventilation (cmv). | 2016 | 27626028 |
| consensus conference on the appropriateness of palivizumab prophylaxis in respiratory syncytial virus disease. | respiratory syncytial virus infection represents a clinical burden among young children under 24 months. palivizumab is the only drug licensed in italy for the prevention of serious lower respiratory tract disease requiring hospitalization caused by respiratory syncytial virus in children at high risk. however recommendations for palivizumab prophylaxis are heterogeneous. not all the published documents agree about the clinical indications of palivizumab; this could lead to different clinical pr ... | 2016 | 27618642 |
| in utero alcohol effects on foetal, neonatal and childhood lung disease. | maternal alcohol use during pregnancy exposes both premature and term newborns to the toxicity of alcohol and its metabolites. foetal alcohol exposure adversely effects the lung. in contrast to the adult "alcoholic lung" phenotype, an inability to identify the newborn exposed to alcohol in utero has limited our understanding of its effect on adverse pulmonary outcomes. this paper will review advances in biomarker development of in utero alcohol exposure. we will highlight the current understandi ... | 2017 | 27613232 |
| down syndrome as risk factor for respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization: a prospective multicenter epidemiological study. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in childhood, particularly in premature infants, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. | 2017 | 27611835 |
| engineering, structure and immunogenicity of the human metapneumovirus f protein in the postfusion conformation. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a paramyxovirus that is a common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children less than five years of age. the hmpv fusion (f) glycoprotein is the primary target of neutralizing antibodies and is thus a critical vaccine antigen. to facilitate structure-based vaccine design, we stabilized the ectodomain of the hmpv f protein in the postfusion conformation and determined its structure to a resolution of 3.3 å by x-ray crystallography. the structure resembles an ... | 2016 | 27611367 |
| plant-based vaccines against respiratory diseases: current status and future prospects. | respiratory infections have an enormous, worldwide epidemiologic impact on humans and animals. among the prophylactic measures, vaccination has the potential to neutralize this impact. new technologies for vaccine production and delivery are of importance in this field since they offer the potential to develop new immunization approaches overriding the current limitations that comprise high cost, safety issues, and limited efficacy. areas covered: in the present review, the state of the art in d ... | 2017 | 27599605 |
| formulation of the respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein with a polymer-based combination adjuvant promotes transient and local innate immune responses and leads to improved adaptive immunity. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes serious upper and lower respiratory tract infections in newborns and infants. presently, there is no licensed vaccine against rsv. we previously reported the safety and efficacy of a novel vaccine candidate (δf/triadj) in rodent and lamb models following intranasal immunization. however, the effects of the vaccine on the innate immune system in the upper and lower respiratory tracts, when delivered intranasally, have not been characterized. in the present ... | 2016 | 27591951 |
| analysis of immune epitopes of respiratory syncytial virus for designing of vectored vaccines based on influenza virus platform. | the immunoepitope database was used for analysis of experimentally detected epitopes of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) proteins and for selection of the epitope combinations for subsequent designing of recombinant vectored anti-rsv vaccines based on attenuated influenza viruses. three cassettes containing the most promising b- and t-cell rsv epitopes were selected: peptide f (243-294) supporting the formation of humoral immunity in animals; fragment m2-1 (70-101+114-146) containing two mh ... | 2016 | 27590768 |
| human respiratory coronaviruses detected in patients with influenza-like illness in arkansas, usa. | acute respiratory viruses often result in significant morbidity and mortality. the potential impact of human respiratory coronavirus (cov) infections was underestimated until the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars-cov) outbreak in 2003, which showed that new, highly pathogenic coronaviruses could be introduced to humans, highlighting the importance of monitoring the circulating coronaviruses. the use of sensitive molecular methods has contributed to the differential diagnosis of viruses cir ... | 2014 | 27588218 |
| a distinct low lung function trajectory from childhood to the fourth decade of life. | low maximally attained lung function increases the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease irrespective of the subsequent rate of lung function decline. | 2016 | 27585385 |
| thermoresponsive polymer nanoparticles co-deliver rsv f trimers with a tlr-7/8 adjuvant. | structure-based vaccine design has been used to develop immunogens that display conserved neutralization sites on pathogens such as hiv-1, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and influenza. improving the immunogenicity of these designed immunogens with adjuvants will require formulations that do not alter protein antigenicity. here, we show that nanoparticle-forming thermoresponsive polymers (trp) allow for co-delivery of rsv fusion (f) protein trimers with toll-like receptor 7 and 8 agonists (tl ... | 2016 | 27583777 |
| packaging and prefusion stabilization separately and additively increase the quantity and quality of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-neutralizing antibodies induced by an rsv fusion protein expressed by a parainfluenza virus vector. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) are major pediatric respiratory pathogens that lack vaccines. a chimeric bovine/human piv3 (rb/hpiv3) virus expressing the unmodified, wild-type (wt) rsv fusion (f) protein from an added gene was previously evaluated in seronegative children as a bivalent intranasal rsv/hpiv3 vaccine, and it was well tolerated but insufficiently immunogenic for rsv f. we recently showed that rb/hpiv3 expressing a partially stabi ... | 2016 | 27581977 |
| new antiviral approaches for respiratory syncytial virus and other mononegaviruses: inhibiting the rna polymerase. | worldwide, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes severe disease in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised people. no vaccine or effective antiviral treatment is available. rsv is a member of the non-segmented, negative-strand (nns) group of rna viruses and relies on its rna-dependent rna polymerase to transcribe and replicate its genome. because of its essential nature and unique properties, the rsv polymerase has proven to be a good target for antiviral drugs, with one compound, als-817 ... | 2016 | 27575793 |
| neutrophil extracellular traps in pulmonary diseases: too much of a good thing? | neutrophil extracellular traps (nets) arise from the release of granular and nuclear contents of neutrophils in the extracellular space in response to different classes of microorganisms, soluble factors, and host molecules. nets are composed by decondensed chromatin fibers coated with antimicrobial granular and cytoplasmic proteins, such as myeloperoxidase, neutrophil elastase (ne), and α-defensins. besides being expressed on net fibers, ne and mpo also regulate net formation. furthermore, hist ... | 2016 | 27574522 |
| evolution and transmission of respiratory syncytial group a (rsv-a) viruses in guangdong, china 2008-2015. | respiratory syncytial viruses (rsvs) including subgroups a (rsv-a) and b (rsv-b) are an important cause of acute respiratory tract infections worldwide. rsv-a include major epidemic strains. fundamental questions concerning the evolution, persistence and transmission of rsv-a are critical for disease control and prevention, yet remain unanswered. in this study, we generated 64 complete g gene sequences of rsv-a strains collected between 2008 and 2015 in guangdong, china. phylogenetic analysis wa ... | 2016 | 27574518 |
| incidence of respiratory disease during the first two years of life in children with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease in italy: a retrospective study. | children affected by hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease (hschd) experience severe respiratory complications that can increase the frequency of hospitalizations. the aim of the sinergy study was to describe the incidence of respiratory diseases and to collect information on active and passive immunoprophylaxis in the first 2 years of life. in this retrospective, multicenter, and epidemiologic study, children with hschd were enrolled across 11 italian sites. children born between ... | 2016 | 27573216 |
| non-typeable haemophilus influenzae protects human airway epithelial cells from a subsequent respiratory syncytial virus challenge. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and the common commensal and opportunistic pathogen, non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) both serve as a frequent cause of respiratory infection in children. although it is well established that some respiratory viruses can increase host susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections, few studies have examined how commensal bacteria could influence a secondary viral response. here, we examined the impact of nthi exposure on a subsequent rsv infection of ... | 2016 | 27573069 |
| n-desmethylclozapine, fluoxetine, and salmeterol inhibit postentry stages of the dengue virus life cycle. | around 10,000 people die each year due to severe dengue disease, and two-thirds of the world population lives in a region where dengue disease is endemic. there has been remarkable progress in dengue virus vaccine development; however, there are no licensed antivirals for dengue disease, and none appear to be in clinical trials. we took the approach of repositioning approved drugs for anti-dengue virus activity by screening a library of pharmacologically active compounds. we identified n-desmeth ... | 2016 | 27572397 |
| respiratory syncytial virus non-structural protein 1 facilitates virus replication through mir-29a-mediated inhibition of interferon-α receptor. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) non-structural protein 1 (ns1) has recently been suggested to inhibit type-i interferon (ifn)-dependent immune responses during rsv infection. however, the precise function of rsv ns1 protein in reducing the antiviral effects of ifns against rsv is poorly understood. the roles of cellular mirnas in the defence against rsv infection are not well characterized. in this study, qrt-pcr analysis revealed that mir-29a expression was upregulated in the recombinan ... | 2016 | 27569280 |
| challenges and opportunities in rsv vaccine development: meeting report from fda/nih workshop. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of serious acute lower respiratory illness in infants and young children and a significant cause of disease burden in the elderly and immunocompromised. there are no licensed rsv vaccines to address this significant public health need. while advances in vaccine technologies have led to a recent resurgence in rsv vaccine development, the immune correlates of protection against rsv and the immunology of vaccine-associated enhanced respirat ... | 2016 | 27566900 |
| stat6 inhibitory peptide given during rsv infection of neonatal mice reduces exacerbated airway responses upon adult reinfection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-related hospitalization during infancy is strongly associated with the subsequent development of asthma. early life rsv infection results in a th2-biased immune response, which is also typical of asthma. murine models of neonatal rsv infection have been developed to examine the possible contribution of rsv-driven th2 responses to the development of airway hyper-responsiveness later in childhood. we have investigated the ability of a cell-penetrating stat6 inhibi ... | 2017 | 27566834 |
| pfkfb3-driven macrophage glycolytic metabolism is a crucial component of innate antiviral defense. | signaling by viral nucleic acids and subsequently by type i ifn is central to antiviral innate immunity. these signaling events are also likely to engage metabolic changes in immune and nonimmune cells to support antiviral defense. in this study, we show that cytosolic viral recognition, by way of secondary ifn signaling, leads to upregulation of glycolysis preferentially in macrophages. this metabolic switch involves induction of glycolytic activator 6-phosphofructose-2-kinase and fructose-2,6- ... | 2016 | 27566823 |
| progress in pediatrics in 2015: choices in allergy, endocrinology, gastroenterology, genetics, haematology, infectious diseases, neonatology, nephrology, neurology, nutrition, oncology and pulmonology. | this review focuses key advances in different pediatric fields that were published in italian journal of pediatrics and in international journals in 2015. weaning studies continue to show promise for preventing food allergy. new diagnostic tools are available for identifying the allergic origin of allergic-like symptoms. advances have been reported in obesity, short stature and autoimmune endocrine disorders. new molecules are offered to reduce weight gain and insulin-resistance in obese childre ... | 2016 | 27566421 |
| the helminth-derived immunomodulator avcystatin reduces virus enhanced inflammation by induction of regulatory il-10+ t cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major pathogen causing low respiratory tract disease (bronchiolitis), primarily in infants. helminthic infections may alter host immune responses to both helminths and to unrelated immune triggers. for example, we have previously shown that filarial cystatin (avcystatin/av17) ameliorates allergic airway inflammation. however, helminthic immunomodulators have so far not been tested in virus-induced disease. we now report that avcystatin prevents th2-based im ... | 2016 | 27560829 |
| association of a pai-1 gene polymorphism and early life infections with asthma risk, exacerbations, and reduced lung function. | plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (pai-1) is induced in airways by virus and may mediate asthmatic airway remodeling. we sought to evaluate if genetic variants and early life lower respiratory infections jointly affect asthma risk. | 2016 | 27556405 |
| determinants of host susceptibility to murine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease identify a role for the innate immunity scavenger receptor marco gene in human infants. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the global leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants. nearly 30% of all infected infants develop severe disease including bronchiolitis, but susceptibility mechanisms remain unclear. | 2016 | 27554839 |
| rsv n-nanorings fused to palivizumab-targeted neutralizing epitope as a nanoparticle rsv vaccine. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of acute respiratory infections in children, yet no vaccine is available. the sole licensed preventive treatment against rsv is composed of a monoclonal neutralizing antibody (palivizumab), which targets a conformational epitope located on the fusion protein (f). palivizumab reduces the burden of bronchiolitis but does not prevent infection. thus, the development of rsv vaccines remains a priority. we previously evaluated nanorings formed by ... | 2017 | 27553073 |
| diagnosing and treating respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the major causes of respiratory tract illness in children and can lead to significant infection and death. this article discusses the incidence, clinical presentation, diagnosis, current treatment, and prevention options to successfully diagnose and treat infections caused by rsv. | 2016 | 27552683 |
| trivalency of a nanobody specific for the human respiratory syncytial virus fusion glycoprotein drastically enhances virus neutralization and impacts escape mutant selection. | alx-0171 is a trivalent nanobody derived from monovalent nb017 that binds to antigenic site ii of the human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) fusion (f) glycoprotein. alx-0171 is about 6,000 to 10,000 times more potent than nb017 in neutralization tests with strains of hrsv antigenic groups a and b. to explore the effect of this enhanced neutralization on escape mutant selection, viruses resistant to either alx-0171 or nb017 were isolated after serial passage of the hrsv long strain in the pres ... | 2016 | 27550346 |
| urine metabolomic profiling of children with respiratory tract infections in the emergency department: a pilot study. | clinicians lack objective tests to help determine the severity of bronchiolitis or to distinguish a viral from bacterial causes of respiratory distress. we hypothesized that children with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection would have a different metabolomic profile compared to those with bacterial infection or healthy controls, and this might also vary with bronchiolitis severity. | 2016 | 27549246 |
| development and validation of a score to predict mortality in children undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for respiratory failure: pediatric pulmonary rescue with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation prediction score. | our objective was to develop and validate a prognostic score for predicting mortality at the time of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation initiation for children with respiratory failure. preextracorporeal membrane oxygenation mortality prediction is important for determining center-specific risk-adjusted outcomes and counseling families. | 2017 | 27548818 |
| antiviral activity of aspirin against rna viruses of the respiratory tract-an in vitro study. | aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) has been used for more than 115 years in medicine. research exists to show that aspirin has antiviral effects in vitro, for example, by blocking influenza virus propagation via nf-κb inhibition when used at high concentrations and short-term incubation steps. the aim of this study was to confirm the antiviral activity of aspirin against influenza virus and further elucidate the activity of aspirin against other respiratory viruses. | 2017 | 27542891 |
| medication management of the extremely premature neonate - the impact of a specialist pharmacist. | to present a case of an extremely premature infant and the role that the specialist neonatal pharmacist has on the quality of care of these patients. | 2016 | 27540237 |
| down's syndrome is a risk factor for severe lower respiratory tract infection due to respiratory syncytial virus. | previous studies have suggested that down's syndrome is an independent risk factor for severe respiratory infection due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). we compared the clinical characteristics of children with and without down's syndrome hospitalised due to rsv. | 2016 | 27537430 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection triggers epithelial hmgb1 release as a damage-associated molecular pattern promoting a monocytic inflammatory response. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infant and elderly populations worldwide. currently, there is no efficacious vaccine or therapy available for rsv infection. the molecular mechanisms underlying rsv-induced acute airway disease and associated long-term consequences remain largely unknown; however, experimental evidence suggests that the lung inflammatory response plays a fundamental role in the outcome of rsv infection. high-mobility ... | 2016 | 27535058 |
| investigation of respiratory syncytial virus-associated deaths among us children aged <2 years, 2004-2007. | we validated the respiratory syncytial virus-coded deaths of children aged <2 years in 2004-2007 using national/state death data and medical records. there were 48 deaths in 4 states, and hospital records for 32 of them were available; 26 of those 32 (81%) had a laboratory finding of respiratory syncytial virus, and 21 of those 26 (81%) had a potential high-risk condition, most commonly preterm birth (35%). | 2016 | 27534673 |
| differential lower airway dendritic cell patterns may reveal distinct endotypes of rsv bronchiolitis. | the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis in infants remains poorly understood. mouse models implicate pulmonary t cells in the development of rsv disease. t cell responses are initiated by dendritic cells (dcs), which accumulate in lungs of rsv-infected mice. in infants with rsv bronchiolitis, previous reports have shown that dcs are mobilised to the nasal mucosa, but data on lower airway dc responses are lacking. | 2017 | 27531529 |
| [influenza surveillance in five consecutive seasons during post pandemic period: results from national influenza center, turkey]. | influenza surveillance provides data about the characteristics of influenza activity, types, sub-types and antigenic properties of the influenza viruses in circulation in a region. surveillance also provides for the preparation against potential influenza pandemics with the identification of the genetic properties of viruses and the mutant strains that could pose a threat. in this study, data in the scope of national influenza surveillance carried out by national influenza center, turkey for fiv ... | 2016 | 27525396 |
| peptide presentation on primate erythroparvovirus 1 virus-like particles: in vitro assembly, stability and immunological properties. | virus-like particles (vlps) have demonstrated to be valuable scaffolds for the display of heterologous peptides for vaccine development and other specific interactions. vlps of primate erythroparvovirus 1, generally referred as parvovirus b19 (b19v), have already been produced in-vivo and in-vitro from the recombinant vp2 protein of this virus. in this study, chimeric forms of b19v vp2 were constructed, and their ability to assemble into vlps was evaluated. chimeras were composed of the vp2 prot ... | 2016 | 27523978 |
| three new polyphenolic acids from the leaves of eucalyptus citriodora with antivirus activity. | six polyphenolic acids (1-6), including the three new compounds citriodolic acids a, b, and c (1-3), were isolated from the leaves of eucalyptus citriodora. their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including one dimensional (1d)- and 2d-nmr, high-resolution electrospray ionization (hr-esi)-ms, and circular dichroism (cd). the potential antivirus activity against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) of all the isolated compounds was evaluated. | 2016 | 27523640 |
| cohort study of severe bronchiolitis during infancy and risk of asthma by age 5 years. | severe bronchiolitis (ie, bronchiolitis requiring hospital admission) is thought to markedly increase asthma risk, with 30%-50% developing asthma by age 5 years. to date, studies of this association are small, and most are from outside the united states. | 2017 | 27523277 |
| nasogastric hydration in infants with bronchiolitis less than 2 months of age. | to determine whether nasogastric hydration can be used in infants less than 2 months of age with bronchiolitis, and characterize the adverse events profile of these infants compared with infants given intravenous (iv) fluid hydration. | 2016 | 27522439 |
| respiratory viral infections and coinfections in children with cancer, fever and neutropenia: clinical outcome of infections caused by different respiratory viruses. | respiratory viral infections in episodes of fever and neutropenia (fn) in children with cancer are not well characterized. we compared the clinical outcome of infections caused by different respiratory viruses (rvs) and by rv coinfection in this population. | 2016 | 27518750 |
| patterns in bacterial- and viral-induced immunosuppression and secondary infections in the icu. | immunosuppression renders the host increased susceptible for secondary infections. it is becoming increasingly clear that not only bacterial sepsis, but also respiratory viruses with both severe and mild disease courses such as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, and the human rhinovirus may induce immunosuppression. in this review, the current knowledge on (mechanisms of) bacterial- and virus-induced immunosuppression and the accompanying susceptibility toward various secondary infections i ... | 2017 | 27517143 |
| viruses are frequently present as the infecting agent in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients presenting to hospital. | viral causes of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd) are well recognised but only recently have rapid tests become available. | 2016 | 27515577 |
| etiology, seasonality, and clinical characteristics of respiratory viruses in children with respiratory tract infections in eastern india (bhubaneswar, odisha). | acute respiratory tract infections (artis) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in young children in low and middle income countries. to analyse the overall burden of respiratory viruses responsible for artis in paediatrics population in eastern india, this study was performed. clinical information, demographic information and nasal/oral swabs were collected from 332 paediatric patients (aged from 1 month to 12 years old) with the symptoms of arti, enrolled from the outpatient departme ... | 2017 | 27509268 |
| [infection prevention in newborns through maternal vaccination: current insights and developments]. | - in the first few months of life, newborns are vulnerable to infections.- vaccination of the pregnant mother leads to transplacental antibody transfer, resulting in the best possible protection of the newborn.- maternal vaccination has long been given for the prevention of tetanus in developing countries, and for the prevention of pertussis and influenza in developed countries, such as the united states, england and belgium. these vaccinations give newborns good protection and, to date, no adve ... | 2016 | 27507412 |
| detection of respiratory syncytial virus using direct fluorescent antibody assay in paediatric patients with acute respiratory tract infection. | severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) pulmonary disease manifesting as bronchiolitis and pneumonia continues to play a major role in the childhood mortality and morbidity. hence the present study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of rsv among hospitalized children presenting with acute respiratory tract infection (arti) and its correlation with risk factors. | 2016 | 27504285 |
| tlr2 activation limits rhinovirus-stimulated cxcl-10 by attenuating irak-1-dependent il-33 receptor signaling in human bronchial epithelial cells. | airway epithelial cells are the major target for rhinovirus (rv) infection and express proinflammatory chemokines and antiviral cytokines that play a role in innate immunity. previously, we demonstrated that rv interaction with tlr2 causes ilr-associated kinase-1 (irak-1) depletion in both airway epithelial cells and macrophages. further, irak-1 degradation caused by tlr2 activation was shown to inhibit ssrna-induced ifn expression in dendritic cells. therefore, in this study, we examined the ro ... | 2016 | 27503209 |
| respiratory syncytial virus and other viral infections among children under two years old in southern vietnam 2009-2010: clinical characteristics and disease severity. | despite a high burden of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections among children, data on demographic and clinical characteristics of rsv are scarce in low and middle income countries. this study aims to describe the viral etiologies, the demographic, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics of children under two years of age who were hospitalized with a lower respiratory tract infections (lrti), focusing on rsv (prevalence, seasonality, subgroups, viral load) and its association with d ... | 2016 | 27500954 |
| management of acute viral bronchiolitis in children: evidence beyond guidelines. | acute viral bronchiolitis is one of the leading causes of worldwide admission of children under 2 years of age during winter months. there is a lack of consensus regarding the clinical definition of acute viral bronchiolitis in children and hence the management varies across the globe. the purpose of this article is to review the epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, assessment and management of children with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis ... | 2012 | 27500927 |
| roles of nuclear trafficking in infection by cytoplasmic negative-strand rna viruses: paramyxoviruses and beyond. | genome replication and virion production by most negative-sense rna viruses (nsvs) occurs exclusively in the cytoplasm, but many nsv-expressed proteins undergo active nucleocytoplasmic trafficking via signals that exploit cellular nuclear transport pathways. nuclear trafficking has been reported both for nsv accessory proteins (including isoforms of the rabies virus phosphoprotein, and v, w and c proteins of paramyxoviruses) and for structural proteins. trafficking of the former is thought to en ... | 2016 | 27498841 |
| a nationwide survey of common viral infections in childhood among patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases. | patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases (pid) are highly susceptible to various microorganisms. however, no population-based studies have been performed among common viral pathogens, such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), rotavirus (rv), varicella-zoster virus (vzv) and influenza virus (iv). the objective of this study was to reveal the clinical burden of these four infections among pid patients in japan. | 2016 | 27498293 |
| advances in asthma 2015: across the lifespan. | in 2015, progress in understanding asthma ranged from insights to asthma inception, exacerbations, and severity to advancements that will improve disease management throughout the lifespan. 2015's insights to asthma inception included how the intestinal microbiome affects asthma expression with the identification of specific gastrointestinal bacterial taxa in early infancy associated with less asthma risk, possibly by promoting regulatory immune development at a critical early age. the relevance ... | 2016 | 27497278 |
| effects of injectable trace minerals on humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine herpes virus 1 and bovine respiratory syncytial virus following administration of a modified-live virus vaccine in dairy calves. | our objective was to evaluate the effect of an injectable trace mineral (itm) supplement containing zinc, manganese, selenium, and copper on the humoral and cell mediated immune (cmi) responses to vaccine antigens in dairy calves receiving a modified-live viral (mlv) vaccine containing bvdv, bhv1, pi3v and brsv. a total of 30 dairy calves (3.5 months of age) were administered a priming dose of the mlv vaccine containing bhv1, bvdv1 & 2, brsv, pi3v, and an attenuated-live mannheimia-pasteurella b ... | 2016 | 27496747 |
| respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization outcomes and costs of full-term and preterm infants. | infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), which causes lower respiratory tract infections, is the leading cause of hospitalization among children <1 year old in the united states. risk factors for rsv hospitalization include premature birth and younger chronologic age, along with several comorbid conditions. however, in terms of rsv hospitalization costs, premature infants are rarely studied separately from full-term infants. the objective of this study is to describe the cost and severi ... | 2016 | 27490190 |
| bronchoscopic interventions with surfactant and recombinant human deoxyribonuclease for acute respiratory distress syndrome-type respiratory syncytial virus-pneumonia in moderately preterm infants: case series. | atelectases, over-inflation of ventilated regions of the lung, and consecutive pneumothoraces are life-threatening conditions in mechanically ventilated infants with acute respiratory distress syndrome-type respiratory syncytial virus-pneumonia. the accumulation of viscous secretions secondary to impaired mucociliary clearance in the more proximal parts of the bronchial tree is the prerequisite for atelectases and also prevents the delivery of inhaled medications to the more distal parts of the ... | 2014 | 27489660 |
| human respiratory syncytial virus: infection and pathology. | the human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is by far the major cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections (alrtis) worldwide in infants and children younger than 2 years. the overwhelming number of hospitalizations due to hrsv-induced alrti each year is due, at least in part, to the lack of licensed vaccines against this virus. thus, hrsv infection is considered a major public health problem and economic burden in most countries. the lung pathology developed in hrsv-infected individuals ... | 2016 | 27486734 |
| metapneumovirus infections and respiratory complications. | acute respiratory tract infections (artis) are the most common illnesses experienced by people of all ages worldwide. in 2001, a new respiratory pathogen called human metapneumovirus (hmpv) was identified in respiratory secretions. hmpv is an rna virus of the paramyxoviridae family, and it has been isolated on every continent and from individuals of all ages. hmpv causes 7 to 19% of all cases of artis in both hospitalized and outpatient children, and the rate of detection in adults is approximat ... | 2016 | 27486733 |
| altered treg and cytokine responses in rsv-infected infants. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children under 1 y of age in the usa. the host immune response is believed to contribute to rsv-induced disease. we hypothesize that severe rsv infection in infants is mediated by insufficient regulation of the host immune response of regulatory t cells (tregs) resulting in immunopathology. | 2016 | 27486703 |
| defining the epidemiology and burden of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection among infants and children in western countries. | the regal (rsv [respiratory syncytial virus] evidence-a geographical archive of the literature) series provides a comprehensive review of the published evidence in the field of rsv in western countries over the last 20 years. this first of seven publications covers the epidemiology and burden of rsv infection. | 2016 | 27480325 |
| epidemiology and etiology of influenza-like-illness in households in vietnam; it's not all about the kids! | household studies provide opportunities to understand influenza-like-illness (ili) transmission, but data from (sub)tropical developing countries are scarce. | 2016 | 27479176 |
| iterative structure-based improvement of a fusion-glycoprotein vaccine against rsv. | structure-based design of vaccines, particularly the iterative optimization used so successfully in the structure-based design of drugs, has been a long-sought goal. we previously developed a first-generation vaccine antigen called ds-cav1, comprising a prefusion-stabilized form of the fusion (f) glycoprotein, which elicits high-titer protective responses against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in mice and macaques. here we report the improvement of ds-cav1 through iterative cycles of structur ... | 2016 | 27478931 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults diagnosed in valencian region of spain. | 2016 | 27478055 | |
| bacterial and viral contamination of breathing circuits after extended use - an aspect of patient safety? | in the past, anaesthetic breathing circuits were identified as a source of pathogen transmission. it is still debated, whether breathing circuits combined with breathing system filters can be safely used for more than 1 day. the aim of this study was to evaluate the transmission risk of bacteria and also viruses via breathing circuits after extended use. | 2016 | 27470996 |
| clarithromycin prevents human respiratory syncytial virus-induced airway epithelial responses by modulating activation of interferon regulatory factor-3. | macrolide antibiotics exert immunomodulatory activity by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine production by airway epithelial cells, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, and immune cells. however, the underlying mechanism of action remains unclear. here, we examined the effect of clarithromycin (cam) on pro-inflammatory cytokine production, including interferons (ifns), by primary human nasal epithelial cells and lung epithelial cell lines (a549 and beas-2b cells) after stimulation by toll-lik ... | 2016 | 27468646 |
| rapamycin increases rsv rna levels and survival of rsv-infected dendritic cell depending on t cell contact. | the macrolide rapamycin inhibits mtor (mechanist target of rapamycin) function and has been broadly used to unveil the role of mtor in immune responses. inhibition of mtor on dendritic cells (dc) can influence cellular immune response and the survival of dc. rsv is the most common cause of hospitalization in infants and is a high priority candidate to vaccine development. in this study we showed that rapamycin treatment on rsv-infected murine bone marrow-derived dc (bmdc) decreases the frequency ... | 2016 | 27466155 |
| evaluation of the adaptive immune response to respiratory syncytial virus. | evaluation of the adaptive immune response is critical to the advancement of our basic knowledge and understanding of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). the cellular composition in the lung following rsv infection is often evaluated using flow cytometry. however, a limitation of this approach has been the inability to readily distinguish cells that are within the lung parenchyma from cells that remain in the pulmonary blood vessels. herein, we detail a procedure to evaluate the adaptive immune r ... | 2016 | 27464699 |
| mouse and cotton rat models of human respiratory syncytial virus. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is a common respiratory virus that is usually no cause for alarm. symptoms of hrsv usually resemble those of the common cold and can go undiagnosed. however, infants as well as the elderly are at risk for developing severe cases, which can lead to high morbidity and mortality rates especially if there are underlying health issues. despite many years of effort, no vaccine or specific treatments exist and rsv is still the leading cause of infant hospitaliza ... | 2016 | 27464697 |
| microrna profiling from rsv-infected biofluids, whole blood, and tissue samples. | several studies have shown that respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) can modulate the host innate immune response by dysregulation of host micrornas (mirnas) related to the antiviral response, a feature that also affects the memory immune response to rsv (thornburg et al. mbio 3(6), 2012). mirnas are small, endogenous, noncoding rnas that function in posttranscriptional gene regulation. here, we explain a compilation of methods for the purification, quantification, and characterization of mirna exp ... | 2016 | 27464696 |
| a proteomic-based workflow using purified respiratory syncytial virus particles to identify cellular factors as drug targets. | the identification of cellular factors that play a role in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) replication is an alternative strategy in the identification of druggable cellular protein that are essential for rsv replication. in this regard experimental strategies that are able to screen relevant proteins from the vast array of proteins in the cellular milieu will facilitate the identification of potential drug targets. in this chapter we describe a procedure where rsv particles are purified from ... | 2016 | 27464695 |
| screening for host factors directly interacting with rsv protein: microfluidics. | we present a high-throughput microfluidics platform to identify novel host cell binding partners of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) matrix (m) protein. the device consists of thousands of reaction chambers controlled by micro-mechanical valves. the microfluidic device is mated to a microarray-printed custom-made gene library. these genes are then transcribed and translated on-chip, resulting in a protein array ready for binding to rsv m protein.even small viral proteome, such as that of rsv, p ... | 2016 | 27464694 |
| use of minigenome systems to study rsv transcription. | minigenome assays have been essential tools in the understanding of viral transcription and rna replication for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). here, we describe the rsv minigenome assay for determining transcription by the viral polymerase in the absence of infection. we detail two different methods of detecting viral rna synthesis: a firefly luciferase assay for rapid and sensitive measurement of rsv polymerase activity; and a real-time quantitative pcr method for determination of specific ... | 2016 | 27464693 |
| reverse genetics of respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a negative-strand rna virus that is associated with severe lower respiratory tract infections in young infants and the elderly. rsv remains a leading cause worldwide of infant mortality, and despite the high clinical and economic burden of the virus there are currently no available vaccines. here, we describe the methods for recovery of recombinant rsv viruses using a bacterial artificial chromosome and methods related to procurement and expansion of stocks o ... | 2016 | 27464692 |
| in vitro modeling of rsv infection and cytopathogenesis in well-differentiated human primary airway epithelial cells (wd-paecs). | the choice of model used to study human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is extremely important. rsv is a human pathogen that is exquisitely adapted to infection of human hosts. rodent models, such as mice and cotton rats, are semi-permissive to rsv infection and do not faithfully reproduce hallmarks of rsv disease in humans. furthermore, immortalized airway-derived cell lines, such as hep-2, beas-2b, and a549 cells, are poorly representative of the complexity of the respiratory epith ... | 2016 | 27464691 |
| host factors modulating rsv infection: use of small interfering rnas to probe functional importance. | although respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and the elderly worldwide [1], the protein-protein interactions between the host cell and virus remain poorly understood. we have used a focused small interfering rna (sirna) approach to knock-down and examine the role(s) of various host cell proteins. here, we describe approaches for casein kinase 2α (ck2α) as a key example. we show how to study the effect of host gene (ck2α) knockdown usin ... | 2016 | 27464690 |