Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| attenuation of antigenic immunogenicity by kynurenine, a novel suppressive adjuvant. | a novel therapeutic strategy is required for autoimmune diseases characterized by the production of autoantibody, because current clinical strategies have limitations. vaccination against autoimmune diseases is a feasible strategy because vaccines induce immune response memory and the antigen specificity. however, no suitable adjuvant is available to direct the immune response toward tolerance or suppression. in the current study, we evaluated whether kynurenine (kyn) could serve as a novel supp ... | 2014 | 24583631 |
| bush sophora root polysaccharide and its sulfate can scavenge free radicals resulted from duck virus hepatitis. | in order to study the antioxidant effect of bush sophora root polysaccharide (bsrps) and its sulfate on anti-duck virus hepatitis (dvh), sulfated bush sophora root polysaccharide (sbsrps) was prepared by chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method. ducklings were fed with bsrps and sbsrps after challenged dhav. death was monitored, evaluation indexes of peroxidative and hepatic injury at the initial (4th and 8th hour) and later (54th hour) stages were detected. the results showed a fine treatment effect ... | 2014 | 24582875 |
| paper money and coins as potential vectors of transmissible disease. | paper currency and coins may be a public health risk when associated with the simultaneous handling of food and could lead to the spread of nosocomial infections. banknotes recovered from hospitals may be highly contaminated by staphylococcus aureus. salmonella species, escherichia coli and s. aureus are commonly isolated from banknotes from food outlets. laboratory simulations revealed that methicillin-resistant s. aureus can easily survive on coins, whereas e. coli, salmonella species and viru ... | 2014 | 24571076 |
| determinants of poor outcome in patients with hepatitis a infection: a four-year retrospective study in shiraz, southern iran. | there are 1.4 million estimated cases of hepatitis a every year worldwide. we aimed to detect the correlates of poor outcome in patients with hepatitis a virus (hav) infection. in this four-year retrospective study, which was conducted in shiraz, southern iran, data of all hospitalized hav patients were analyzed by spss and stata. out of 110 hav patients, 8 (7.3 %) developed hepatic encephalopathy, and 7 (6.4 %) died. the results show that 19 years of age is a cutoff level for predicting mortali ... | 2014 | 24557525 |
| hepatitis a virus adaptation to cellular shutoff is driven by dynamic adjustments of codon usage and results in the selection of populations with altered capsids. | hepatitis a virus (hav) has a highly biased and deoptimized codon usage compared to the host cell and fails to inhibit host protein synthesis. it has been proposed that an optimal combination of abundant and rare codons controls the translation speed required for the correct capsid folding. the artificial shutoff host protein synthesis results in the selection of variants containing mutations in the hav capsid coding region critical for folding, stability, and function. here, we show that these ... | 2014 | 24554668 |
| standardized multiplex one-step qrt-pcr for hepatitis a virus, norovirus gi and gii quantification in bivalve mollusks and water. | a quadruplex real-time rt-pcr assay for the simultaneous quantitative detection of hepatitis a virus (hav), norovirus (nov) gi and gii, and mengovirus (used as process control for determination of the virus/nucleic acid extraction efficiency) has been developed. this multiplex assay has been comparatively evaluated with the individual monoplex assays and showed to be slightly less sensitive, with average δcq values of 0.90, 0.28 and 0.44 for hav, nov gi and nov gii, respectively, in standard cur ... | 2014 | 24549198 |
| hepatitis a vaccine for immunosuppressed patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective, open-label, multi-centre study. | hepatitis a vaccine is the most frequently used travel vaccine, yet data are scarce about its ability to induce protection in patients with concurrent immunosuppressive treatment. we assessed the immunogenicity of this vaccine in rheumatoid arthritis (ra) patients treated with tumour necrosis factor-inhibitors (tnfi) and/or methotrexate (mtx). | 2014 | 24529746 |
| decreasing risk of hepatitis a infection in león, nicaragua: evidence from cross-sectional and longitudinal seroepidemiology studies. | nicaragua is highly endemic for hepatitis a. we aimed to provide an estimate of the change in the age-specific risk of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection based on serological data from cross-sectional and longitudinal samples collected in león, nicaragua, in 1995/96 (n = 979) and 2003 (n = 494). | 2014 | 24523871 |
| comparison of bush sophora root polysaccharide and its sulfate's anti-duck hepatitis a virus activity and mechanism. | in order to research the sulfating modification in enhancing the anti-duck hepatitis a virus (dhav) activity of bush sophora root polysaccharide (bsrps), sulfated bush sophora root polysaccharide (sbsrps) was prepared by chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method. kbr pellets method was applied to analyze their different structures. anti-dhav activity was studied by duck embryonic hepatocytes culture in vitro and artificial inoculation method in vivo. direct immunofluorescence method and real-time pcr ... | 2014 | 24507289 |
| exploring the concurrent presence of hepatitis a virus genome in serum, stool, saliva, and urine samples of hepatitis a patients. | the use of saliva and urine as an alternative to serum samples for detection of anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) igm antibodies has been documented. however, these samples remain underreported or unexplored for shedding of hav. to address this issue, paired serum, stool, saliva, and urine samples collected from hepatitis a patients were screened by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for detection of hav rna. hav rna was detected in 67.6% (44/65), 52.3% (34/65), 8.7% (5/57), and 12.3% (8 ... | 2014 | 24503506 |
| the abcs of viral hepatitis that define biomarker signatures of acute viral hepatitis. | viral hepatitis is the leading cause of liver disease worldwide and can be caused by several agents, including hepatitis a (hav), b (hbv), and c (hcv) virus. we employed multiplexed protein immune assays to identify biomarker signatures of viral hepatitis in order to define unique and common responses for three different acute viral infections of the liver. we performed multianalyte profiling, measuring the concentrations of 182 serum proteins obtained from acute hav- (18), hbv- (18), and hcv-in ... | 2014 | 24500966 |
| molecular characterization of hepatitis a outbreak in the province of rome, lazio region, italy, january-july 2013. | reduced circulation of hepatitis a virus lead to an increase of susceptible individuals, and outbreaks occurred recently. in northern italy an outbreak is ongoing, attributed to a monophyletic genotype ia strain, with mixed frozen berries as probable source. from 01/01/2013 to 07/15/2013, 30 cases were diagnosed at national institute for infectious diseases, rome, italy, representing about twice the number of cases in whole 2012. phylogenetic analysis indicated that most, although not all, infec ... | 2014 | 24486185 |
| robustness of nanofiltration for increasing the viral safety margin of biological products. | in this study, the virus-removal capacity of nanofiltration was assessed using validated laboratory scale models on a wide range of viruses (pseudorabies virus; human immunodeficiency virus; bovine viral diarrhea virus; west nile virus; hepatitis a virus; murine encephalomyocarditis virus; and porcine parvovirus) with sizes from 18 nm to 200 nm and applying the different process conditions existing in a number of grifols' plasma-derived manufacturing processes (thrombin, α1-proteinase inhibitor, ... | 2014 | 24485384 |
| nf-κb activation induced by hepatitis a virus and newcastle disease virus occurs by different pathways depending on the structural pattern of viral nucleic acids. | nf-κb is activated by hepatitis b virus and hepatitis c virus and is assumed to contribute to viral persistence, leading to the development of hepatocellular cancer by inhibition of apoptosis mediated by cytotoxic t cells. whether hepatitis a virus (hav), which does not cause chronic infection, activates nf-κb is a topic of controversy. here, we confirm that hav activates nf-κb and show that hav enhances the activation of nf-κb by poly(i-c), but it inhibits the activation of nf-κb by newcastle d ... | 2014 | 24473712 |
| acute viral hepatitis - should the current screening strategy be modified? | the epidemiology of viral hepatitis has changed. since the introduction of safe and effective vaccines for hepatitis a and b in 1980s, the incidence of acute infections caused by these viruses has been declining in the uk. at the same time, hepatitis e virus (hev) has been recognised as an increasingly important cause of acute hepatitis, but testing is not widely available. | 2014 | 24472576 |
| clinical features and risk factors for severe complications among patients with acute hepatitis a virus infection in the jeonbuk province of korea. | the frequency of symptomatic acute hav infections in adulthood are increasing in korea. this study analyzes the clinical severity in patients with acute hav infection and investigates risk factors associated with three severe complications: prolonged cholestasis, acute kidney injury, and acute liver failure. | 2014 | 24463285 |
| age-dependent association among helicobacter pylori infection, serum pepsinogen levels and immune response of children to live oral cholera vaccine cvd 103-hgr. | through its effects on gastric secretion, we hypothesized that helicobacter pylori infection may influence oral immunization. accordingly, we examined the association between h. pylori infection, serum pepsinogen (pg) (measures for h. pylori gastritis) and vibriocidal antibody (a correlate of protection) seroconversion following oral immunization with cvd 103-hgr live cholera vaccine among children of different ages. | 2014 | 24454714 |
| durability of response to vaccination against viral hepatitis a in hiv-infected patients: a 5-year observation. | the aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of total antibodies to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav-t) in the group of hiv-positive adults in lodz region of poland, and to evaluate the response and long-term immunity after vaccination against hepatitis a virus. in the group of 234 hiv-infected patients, 72 persons (30.8%) were anti-hav-t positive (>20 iu/l). in multivariate analysis, two independent factors associated with the presence of anti-hav-t were identified: the age of patients (or = ... | 2014 | 24452731 |
| validation of a new elisa method for in vitro potency testing of hepatitis a vaccines. | the goal of the project was to standardise a new in vitro method in replacement of the existing standard method for the determination of hepatitis a virus antigen content in hepatitis a vaccines (hav) marketed in europe. this became necessary due to issues with the method used previously, requiring the use of commercial test kits. the selected candidate method, not based on commercial kits, had already been used for many years by an official medicines control laboratory (omcl) for routine testin ... | 2013 | 24447723 |
| sample preparation prior to molecular amplification: complexities and opportunities. | molecular amplification using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr) is currently considered as the gold standard to detect enteric human pathogenic viruses such as norovirus and hepatitis a virus in food and water. however, the molecular-based detection requires an adequate sampling strategy and a sample preparation specific for viruses. sampling for enteric human viruses in water and food should not necessarily follow bacterial sampling plans. the development of ... | 2014 | 24441295 |
| anti-infective and cytotoxic properties of bupleurum marginatum. | bupleurum marginatum wall. ex dc (apiaceae) is a perennial herb widely used in traditional chinese and kampo medicine for the treatment of various infectious diseases. the biological activities of b. marginatum have not been fully investigated. this study aims to investigate the antitrypanosomal, antimicrobial and antiviral activities of methanol (me) and dichloromethane (dcm) extracts of b. marginatum aerial parts and the ability of both extracts to inhibit the growth of different cancer cell l ... | 2014 | 24438177 |
| evaluation of adults with acute viral hepatitis a and review of the literature. | in developing countries hav infection is very common in the first years of life and it is often asymptomatic. however especially in regions of intermediate endemicity, exposure to the virus may delay and outbreaks of hepatitis a may be encountered in adults. the aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical and laboratory findings and risk factors of adults with acute viral hepatitis a. | 2013 | 24424220 |
| environmental persistence and transfer of enteric viruses. | non-enveloped enteric viruses, such as human norovirus and hepatitis a virus, are readily transmitted via the fecal-oral route. outbreaks are often prolonged due to the ability of these viruses to survive on environmental surfaces, on foods, and in water. delineation of properties impacting enteric virus transfer and persistence in the environment has been the focus of several recent publications and is the topic of this review. such information is important for modeling transmission scenarios, ... | 2014 | 24413147 |
| hepatitis a virus infection during pregnancy in korea: hepatitis a infection on pregnant women. | although there is a large body of data on acute hepatitis a virus (hav) worldwide, data regarding the occurrence of hav during pregnancy is limited. it is commonly acknowledged that hav is not associated with severe outcomes or complications during pregnancy. in contrast, there are several reported cases of vertical hav transmission. moreover, it has been recently reported that hav infection during pregnancy is associated with gestational complications. in korea, the incidence of hav infection h ... | 2013 | 24396815 |
| ultra-deep sequencing analysis of the hepatitis a virus 5'-untranslated region among cases of the same outbreak from a single source. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is a causative agent of acute viral hepatitis for which an effective vaccine has been developed. here we describe ultra-deep pyrosequences (udpss) of hav 5'-untranslated region (5'utr) among cases of the same outbreak, which arose from a single source, associated with a revolving sushi bar. we determined the reference sequence from hav-derived clone from an attendant by the sanger method. sixteen udpss from this outbreak and one from another sporadic case were compared wi ... | 2014 | 24396287 |
| the important role of early diagnosis and preventive management during a large-scale outbreak of hepatitis a in thailand. | acute hepatitis a is a worldwide public health problem especially in developing countries. recently, a large, community-wide outbreak of hepatitis a occurred in the northeast part of thailand. | 2013 | 24392680 |
| depuration kinetics of hepatitis a virus in clams. | the efficacy and dynamic of depuration for the removal of hepatitis a virus (hav) contamination were evaluated under experimental conditions using manila clams previously subjected to bioaccumulation with this virus. five independent trials were assayed in a closed experimental system with a total volume of approximately 1750 l, using clam batches of 60 kg. the reverse transcriptase-real time pcr (rt-qpcr) technique was utilized for viral quantification. infectivity assays were conducted at the ... | 2014 | 24387859 |
| [sequence analysis of vp1 gene of the duck hepatitis a virus type 3 strains isolated from shandong province of china in 2012]. | to reveal the genetic variation of the viral protein 1 (vp1) gene of the duck hepatitis a virus type 3 (dhav-3), the vp1 gene of 13 virulent dhav-3 strains isolated from shandong province of china in 2012 were amplified by rt-pcr, sequenced and analyzed. the results showed that all the vp1 genes of the 13 isolates contained 720 nucleotides encoding 240 amino acids, and shared with nucleotide identities of 94. 6%-99.9% and amino acid identities of 95.0%-100%. the nucleotide and amino acid sequenc ... | 2013 | 24386841 |
| hepatitis e in liver biopsies from patients with acute hepatitis of clinically unexplained origin. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a small rna virus and the infectious agent of hepatitis e that occurs worldwide either as epidemics in asia caused by genotype 1 and 2 or as sporadic disease in industrialized countries induced by genotype 3 and 4. the frequency might be underestimated in central europe as a cause of acute hepatitis. therefore, we analyzed on liver biopsies, if cases of acute hepatitis with clinically unknown or obscure diagnosis were actually caused by the infection with hev. we inclu ... | 2013 | 24379784 |
| a brief history of hepatitis milestones. | hepatitis has been a major plague of mankind. the history of the discovery of causative viruses is one of the most fascinating scientific adventures of this half century. individualization of several types of hepatitis only emerged after world war two. their identification has been associated with milestones which revolutionized medicine and public health. the discovery of hbv brought the first ever vaccine not prepared by tissue culture but initially directly from plasma and soon the first vacc ... | 2014 | 24373076 |
| applicability of bio-wipes for the collection of human faecal specimens for detection and characterisation of enteric viruses. | to determine whether gastroenteritis viruses and other enteric viruses could be detected in faecal specimens collected with bio-wipes. | 2014 | 24372706 |
| persistence of immunity from 1 year of age after one or two doses of hepatitis a vaccine given to children in argentina. | this study was done to determine the immunogenicity of a single dose of hepatitis a vaccine in children, providing needed clinical data on the flexibility of booster administration. | 2012 | 24367232 |
| decline in hav-associated fulminant hepatic failure and liver transplant in children in argentina after the introduction of a universal hepatitis a vaccination program. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is a vaccine-preventable disease. the most severe complication in children is fulminant hepatic failure (fhf), estimated to occur in 0.4% of cases; patients with fhf often require a liver transplant (lt). following another outbreak of hav infection in argentina during 2003-2004, a one-dose hav universal immunization (ui) program was started in 2005, resulting in a reduction in the incidence of hav infection. we have investigated the impact of hav ui on the trend ... | 2011 | 24367225 |
| [the hepatitis a virus: structural and functional organization of the genome, its molecular diagnostic value and cultivation]. | the analysis of recently published data on hepatitis a virus (hav) genome clinical features, molecular diagnostic value and cell culture propagation are reviewed. the growing need in the study of the genetic diversity of hav isolates and the search of its possible new antigenic variants are underlined. the results of the cultivation of different hav strains are analyzed for possible application in vaccine and diagnostic kit production. | 2013 | 24364140 |
| impact of the single-dose immunization strategy against hepatitis a in argentina. | after a country wide outbreak occurred during 2003-2004, 1 dose of hepatitis a vaccine was introduced into argentinian regular immunization schedule for all children aged 12 months in june 2005. the aim of this study was to assess the impact of this novel intervention. | 2014 | 24352191 |
| hepatitis a virus seropositivity in nurses and paramedical personnel at a university hospital in north iran. | the status of hepatitis a virus (hav) among health care workers has not been studied yet in iran. | 2013 | 24349729 |
| the immunogenicity of a single dose of hepatitis a virus vaccines (havrix® and epaxal®) in korean young adults. | assessing the immunogenicity of a single dose of hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccines is important because some people receive only a single dose. however, previous studies have shown variable results and have not examined the effects of demographic characteristics other than gender. this study was performed to examine the immunogenicity of a single dose of hav vaccine according to the vaccine type and demographic characteristics in young adults. | 2014 | 24339297 |
| virus isolate from carp: genetic characterization reveals a novel picornavirus with two aphthovirus 2a-like sequences. | picornaviruses have been isolated from a variety of hosts, mainly mammals and birds. here, we describe the sequence analysis of carp picornavirus 1 (cpv-1) f37/06 that was isolated from an organ pool (heart, brain, liver) of a common carp (cyprinus carpio). this carp perished after an accidental discharge of liquid manure into a fish pond and presented without obvious clinical symptoms. experimental intraperitoneal infection of young carp with cpv-1 revealed no clinical signs, but the virus was ... | 2014 | 24337965 |
| evidence of hepatitis a virus circulation in central argentina: seroprevalence and environmental surveillance. | hepatitis a virus (hav) has shown intermediate endemicity in argentina, but notification of clinical cases has decreased since the introduction of the vaccine in 2005. | 2014 | 24332411 |
| water borne hepatitis a and hepatitis e in malwa region of punjab, india. | hepatitis-a virus infection (hav) and hepatitis e virus infection (hev) are faecally contaminated water borne infection of great public interest in developing countries. hav has a world-wide /dablestribution and affects infant and young children in developing countries and its epidemics are not very common. hev is restricted to tropical countries and affects older children and young adults and its epidemics are common. studies suggested that hev is etiologically responsible for 10%-95% of admitt ... | 2013 | 24298465 |
| rapid detection of duck hepatitis a virus genotype c using reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | a one-step reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) assay was used and optimized to develop a rapid and sensitive detection system for duck hepatitis a virus genotype c (dhav-c) rna. a set of four specific primers was designed against highly conserved sequences located within the 3d gene from dhav (strain gx1201). under optimal reaction conditions, the sensitivity of dhav-c-specific rt-lamp was 100-fold higher than that of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reac ... | 2014 | 24291148 |
| efficacy of hepatitis a vaccination and factors impacting on seroconversion in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. | little is known about the immune response to hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccinations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). we therefore assessed the immunogenicity of hav vaccine in patients with ibd and evaluated the impact on vaccination efficacy of immunosuppressants, including corticosteroids, thiopurines, and anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-tnf) agents. | 2014 | 24284413 |
| live attenuated hepatitis a vaccines developed in china. | two live, attenuated hepatitis a vaccines, h 2 and la-1 virus strains, were developed through serial passages of the viruses in cell cultures at 32 °c and 35 °c respectively. both vaccines were safe and immunogenic, providing protection against clinical hepatitis a in 95% of the vaccinees, with a single dose by subcutaneous injection. the vaccine recipients were not protected from asymptomatic, subclinical hepatitis a virus (hav) infection, which induced a similar antibody response as for unvacc ... | 2014 | 24280971 |
| peek-a-boo: membrane hijacking and the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis. | historically, animal viruses have been classified on the basis of the presence or absence of an envelope - an external lipid bilayer membrane typically carrying one or more viral glycoproteins. however, growing evidence indicates that some 'non-enveloped' viruses circulate in the blood of infected individuals enveloped in host-derived membranes that provide protection from neutralizing antibodies. in this opinion article, we discuss this novel strategy for virus survival and consider how it cont ... | 2014 | 24268716 |
| full-length genome characterization and genetic relatedness analysis of hepatitis a virus outbreak strains associated with acute liver failure among children. | clinical infection by hepatitis a virus (hav) is generally self-limited but in some cases can progress to liver failure. here, an hav outbreak investigation among children with acute liver failure in a highly endemic country is presented. in addition, a sensitive method for hav whole genome amplification and sequencing suitable for analysis of clinical samples is described. in this setting, two fatal cases attributed to acute liver failure and two asymptomatic cases living in the same household ... | 2014 | 24243548 |
| genetic relatedness among hepatitis a virus strains associated with food-borne outbreaks. | the genetic characterization of hepatitis a virus (hav) strains is commonly accomplished by sequencing subgenomic regions, such as the vp1/p2b junction. hav genome is not extensively variable, thus presenting opportunity for sharing sequences of subgenomic regions among genetically unrelated isolates. the degree of misrepresentation of phylogenetic relationships by subgenomic regions is especially important for tracking transmissions. here, we analyzed whole-genome (wg) sequences of 101 hav stra ... | 2013 | 24223112 |
| the complete genomes of subgenotype ia hepatitis a virus strains from four different islands in indonesia form a phylogenetic cluster. | despite the high endemicity of hepatitis a virus (hav) in indonesia, genetic information on those hav strains is limited. serum samples obtained from 76 individuals during outbreaks of hepatitis a in jember (east java) in 2006 and tangerang (west java) in 2007 and those from 82 patients with acute hepatitis in solo (central java), denpasar on bali island, mataram on lombok island, and makassar on sulawesi island in 2003 or 2007 were tested for the presence of hav rna by reverse transcription pcr ... | 2014 | 24212885 |
| diagnostic performance of selected commercial hev igm and igg elisas for immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. | hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3 is recognised as an emerging pathogen in industrialised countries. the currently commercially available hev-specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) are primarily designed for the detection of antibodies against genotypes 1 (burma) and 2 (mexico) and may not sensitively detect hev genotypes 3 or 4. | 2013 | 24210958 |
| autochthonous hepatitis e in scotland. | hepatitis e virus is well recognized cause of acute hepatitis. traditionally hepatitis e virus (hev) infections were generally associated with travel to asia and africa. autochthonous hepatitis e is recognized as a major cause acute hepatitis in england and wales. however, autochthonous hepatitis e has never been documented in scotland. | 2013 | 24200818 |
| hepatitis a virus: host interactions, molecular epidemiology and evolution. | infection with hepatitis a virus (hav) is the commonest viral cause of liver disease and presents an important public health problem worldwide. several unique hav properties and molecular mechanisms of its interaction with host were recently discovered and should aid in clarifying the pathogenesis of hepatitis a. genetic characterization of hav strains have resulted in the identification of different genotypes and subtypes, which exhibit a characteristic worldwide distribution. shifts in hav end ... | 2014 | 24200587 |
| antiviral effects of bacteria isolated from manure. | the objectives of this study were to determine the role of microbial activity in inactivation of hepatitis a virus (hav) and to learn how the virus is inactivated. of 31 bacterial strains isolated from animal manure, 10 efficiently inactivated hav in fluid thioglycollate medium, with d10 values (time, in days, required for a 90% reduction of virus titer) of ≤ 10 at 30°c. the d10 value of the control suspension without bacteria was 35.1. most of the 10 strains raised the ph of the medium during g ... | 1995 | 24185411 |
| virus, protozoa and organic compounds decay in depurated oysters. | (1) evaluate the dynamic of the depuration process of crassostrea gigas oysters using different ultraviolet doses with different amounts of contaminants (virus, protozoa and organic contaminants) and (2) investigate the morphological changes in the oysters' tissues produced by the depuration procedures. | 2013 | 24184612 |
| innate and adaptive immune responses against picornaviruses and their counteractions: an overview. | picornaviruses, small positive-stranded rna viruses, cause a wide range of diseases which is based on their differential tissue and cell type tropisms. this diversity is reflected by the immune responses, both innate and adaptive, induced after infection, and the subsequent interactions of the viruses with the immune system. the defense mechanisms of the host and the countermeasures of the virus significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of the infections. important human pathogens are poliovi ... | 2012 | 24175214 |
| epidemiology and prevention of hepatitis a in travelers. | hepatitis a is the second most common vaccine-preventable travel-associated infectious disease and hepatitis a virus (hav) is the most common cause of viral hepatitis. the incidence of infection is closely related to sanitary conditions and the level of economic development. | 2014 | 24165384 |
| seroepidemiology of hepatitis a infection in northeastern china, korea, and japan. | the epidemiological patterns of endemic hepatitis a virus (hav) are unclear in northeastern asia depending on the ethnicity of the country in question. the purpose of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of hav in northeastern china, south korea, and japan. | 2012 | 24159484 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis a and e viruses based on the third korea national health and nutrition survey in korea. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) in korea during 2005. | 2011 | 24159450 |
| evaluation of hepatitis a vaccine in post-exposure prophylaxis, the netherlands, 2004-2012. | the secondary attack rate of hepatitis a virus (hav) among contacts of cases is up to 50%. historically, contacts were offered immunoglobulin (ig, a human derived blood product) as post-exposure prophylaxis (pep). amid safety concerns about ig, hav vaccine is increasingly recommended instead. public health authorities' recommendations differ, particularly for healthy contacts ≥40 years old, where vaccine efficacy data is limited. we evaluated routine use of hav vaccine as an alternative to immun ... | 2013 | 24147144 |
| genetic characterization of duck hepatitis a viruses isolated in china. | in recent years, the spread of duck hepatitis a viruses (dhavs) has represented a serious threat and significant economic impact in duck industry of china. the sixteen reported dhav isolates (15 dhav-1 strains and one dhav-3) were identified from infected ducks with clinical symptoms in china between 2009 and 2012. in the present study, the virulence of these viruses and complete sequences of the virion protein 1 (vp1) genes of the 16 dhavs were characterized. the median embryonic lethal doses ( ... | 2013 | 24144860 |
| hepatitis a screening for internationally adopted children from hepatitis a endemic countries. | screening for hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is not currently routinely recommended in internationally adopted children. international adoptees seen at the university of minnesota international adoption clinic from 2006 to 2010 were assessed for acute hav infection (positive hav immunoglobulin m). thirty of the 656 children screened (4.6%) were acutely hav infected. hav-infected children emigrated from ethiopia (16), guatemala (4), china (2), colombia (2), haiti (2), philippines (2), liberia ... | 2014 | 24137028 |
| tracing enteric viruses in the european berry fruit supply chain. | in recent years, numerous foodborne outbreaks due to consumption of berry fruit contaminated by human enteric viruses have been reported. this european multinational study investigated possible contamination routes by monitoring the entire food chain for a panel of human and animal enteric viruses. a total of 785 samples were collected throughout the food production chain of four european countries (czech republic, finland, poland and serbia) during two growing seasons. samples were taken during ... | 2013 | 24135674 |
| expression of recombinant rotavirus proteins harboring antigenic epitopes of the hepatitis a virus polyprotein in insect cells. | rotavirus and hepatitis a virus (hav) spread by the fecal-oral route and infections are important in public health, especially in developing countries. here, two antigenic epitopes of the hav polyprotein, domain 2 (d2) and domain 3 (d3), were recombined with rotavirus vp7, generating d2/vp7 and d3/vp7, cloned in a baculovirus expression system, and expressed in spodoptera frugiperda 9 (sf9) insect cells. all were highly expressed, with peak expression 2 days post-infection. western blotting and ... | 2012 | 24130930 |
| hesperidin induces apoptosis by inhibiting sp1 and its regulatory protein in msto-211h cells. | hesperidin, a flavanone present in citrus fruits, has been studied as potential therapeutic agents that have anti-tumor activity and apoptotic effects in several cancers, but there is no report about the apoptotic effect of hesperidin in human malignant pleural mesothelioma through the specificity protein 1 (sp1) protein. we investigated whether hesperidin inhibited cell growth and regulated sp1 target proteins by suppressing the levels of sp1 protein in msto-211h cells. the ic50 value of hesper ... | 2012 | 24130923 |
| contributing factors to disease outbreaks associated with untreated groundwater. | disease outbreaks associated with drinking water drawn from untreated groundwater sources represent a substantial proportion (30.3%) of the 818 drinking water outbreaks reported to cdc's waterborne disease and outbreak surveillance system (wbdoss) during 1971 to 2008. the objectives of this study were to identify underlying contributing factors, suggest improvements for data collection during outbreaks, and inform outbreak prevention efforts. two researchers independently reviewed all qualifying ... | 2014 | 24116713 |
| discrimination of infectious hepatitis a virus and rotavirus by combining dyes and surfactants with rt-qpcr. | human enteric viruses are major agents of foodborne diseases. because of the absence of a reliable cell culture method for most of the enteric viruses involved in outbreaks, real-time reverse transcriptase pcr is now widely used for the detection of rna viruses in food samples. however this approach detects viral nucleic acids of both infectious and non infectious viruses, which limits the impact of conclusions with regard to public health concern. the aim of the study was to develop a method to ... | 2013 | 24083486 |
| the prospective association of chlamydia pneumoniae and four other pathogens with development of coronary artery calcium: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (mesa). | previous basic and cross-sectional studies obtained conflicting results regarding the association of pathogens with coronary artery calcium (cac). the aim of this study is to prospectively evaluate this association in a population-based cohort. | 2013 | 24075755 |
| hospital-based surveillance for viral hemorrhagic fevers and hepatitides in ghana. | viral hemorrhagic fevers (vhf) are acute diseases associated with bleeding, organ failure, and shock. vhf may hardly be distinguished clinically from other diseases in the african hospital, including viral hepatitis. this study was conducted to determine if vhf and viral hepatitis contribute to hospital morbidity in the central and northern parts of ghana. | 2013 | 24069490 |
| genetic diversity of hepatitis a virus in china: vp3-vp1-2a genes and evidence of quasispecies distribution in the isolates. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is the most common cause of infectious hepatitis throughout the world, spread largely by the fecal-oral route. to characterize the genetic diversity of the virus circulating in china where hav in endemic, we selected the outbreak cases with identical sequences in vp1-2a junction region and compiled a panel of 42 isolates. the vp3-vp1-2a regions of the hav capsid-coding genes were further sequenced and analyzed. the quasispecies distribution was evaluated by cloning the vp ... | 2013 | 24069343 |
| causes of death and characteristics of decedents with viral hepatitis, united states, 2010. | previous research indicates that the mortality burden from viral hepatitis is growing, particularly among middle-aged persons. to monitor progress toward prevention goals, it is important to continue to document characteristics and comortalities of these deaths. this study sought to examine demographic characteristics and the most frequent causes of death among decedents with a viral hepatitis-related death. | 2014 | 24065331 |
| prevention of hepatitis a virus infection, need to vaccinate or not? | 2013 | 24049610 | |
| detection and characterization of enteric viruses in flood water from the 2011 thai flood. | severe flooding, which is associated with numerous outbreaks of a wide range of infectious diseases, particularly those caused by enteric viruses, occurred in all areas of thailand in 2011. to determine the prevalence of five human enteric viruses, namely enterovirus, rotavirus (rv), norovirus (nv), hepatitis a virus (hav), and hepatitis e virus, in the flood water, 100 water samples were collected from flood-damaged areas in central thailand. viral rna was extracted from concentrated samples an ... | 2013 | 24047738 |
| hepatitis a vaccination and immunological parameters in hiv-infected patients. | vaccination against hepatitis a is an important intervention to prevent disease in hiv-patients. there are insufficient data on the association of the response to hepatitis a vaccine with immunological parameters, including subpopulations of t-cells. we studied hiv-infected adults with cd4 t-cells>200 cells/mm(3) who received two doses of hepatitis a vaccine (havrix or vaqta). the counts of cd3, cd4, cd8, cd4+t-cells, nk, nk cd8+, nk cd8 - cells, and hiv rna were measured at the time of first do ... | 2013 | 24044625 |
| simultaneous detection of waterborne viruses by multiplex real-time pcr. | norovirus, rotavirus group a, the hepatitis a virus, and coxsackievirus are all common causes of gastroenteritis. conventional diagnoses of these causative agents are based on antigen detection and electron microscopy. to improve the diagnostic potential for viral gastroenteritis, internally controlled multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods have been recently developed. in this study, individual real-time pcrs were developed and optimized for specific detections of norovirus ... | 2013 | 24037661 |
| characterization of outbreak hepatitis a isolates in five tunisian childcare centers. | in the present study, epidemiological survey and molecular characterization of hepatitis a virus during an outbreak in five tunisian childcare centers in el-mahres during october and november 2006 were carried out. five well-water and five drinking water samples were included in the present study. serological investigation and molecular characterization were carried out. all patients were igm seropositive and the viral genome was detected in all clinical and well-water samples whereas it was not ... | 2011 | 24031743 |
| longitudinal study on occurrence of adenoviruses and hepatitis a virus in raw domestic sewage in the city of limeira, são paulo. | the aim of this study was to verify the presence and annual distribution of adenoviruses and hepatitis a virus in domestic sewage in the city of limeira, são paulo. fifty samples with a volume of 8 liters each were collected weekly from december 2004 to december 2005. the viruses were concentrated by filtration through positively charged zp60s filter membranes, followed by ultracentrifugation. human adenoviruses (hadv) were detected by pcr followed by nested-pcr and screening for species f was d ... | 2009 | 24031326 |
| hepatitis a virus strain krm238 resistant at heat inactivation. | 2013 | 24015939 | |
| survival of murine norovirus, tulane virus, and hepatitis a virus on alfalfa seeds and sprouts during storage and germination. | human norovirus (hunov) and hepatitis a virus (hav) have been involved in several produce-associated outbreaks and identified as major food-borne viral etiologies. in this study, the survival of hunov surrogates (murine norovirus [mnv] and tulane virus [tv]) and hav was investigated on alfalfa seeds during storage and postgermination. alfalfa seeds were inoculated with mnv, tv, or hav with titers of 6.46 ± 0.06 log pfu/g, 3.87 ± 0.38 log pfu/g, or 7.01 ± 0.07 log 50% tissue culture infectious do ... | 2013 | 24014537 |
| [detection of food-borne rotavirus by molecular motor biosensor]. | to develop a specific, rapid and convenient method based on molecular motor biosensor to detect food-borne rotavirus. a specific probe was encompassed the conservative region of rotavirus's vp7 segment, and a molecular motor detect device was constructed by connecting probes to f0f1-atpase molecular motor through biotin-streptavidin system. this biosensor's sensitivity was 0.005 ng/ml for rotavirus rna. extracted virus rna was conjugated with the biosensor separately, at the same time atp was sy ... | 2013 | 24010366 |
| epstein-barr virus infection with acute pancreatitis associated with cholestatic hepatitis. | infection-induced acute hepatitis complicated with acute pancreatitis is associated with hepatitis a virus, hepatitis b virus or hepatitis e virus. although rare, epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection should be considered also in the differential diagnosis if the patient has acute hepatitis combined with pancreatitis. we report a case of ebv infection with cholestatic hepatitis and pancreatitis with review of literature. an 11-year-old female was admitted due to 1-day history of abdominal pain and ... | 2013 | 24010108 |
| viral hepatitis with special reference to hepatitis b virus infection in india: an overview. | hepatitis is a feature of many viral diseases usually resulting as a part of generalised infection which involves the liver. in contrast, there are at least five different hepatitis viruses (hav to hev) that primarily target the liver in humans--called hepatitis viruses, whereas the role of sixth virus (hgv) is doubtful. although symptoms produced are similar, these viruses differ greatly in their structure, mode of replication and transmission. the aim of this article is to bring out salient fe ... | 2013 | 24003570 |
| full-length genomic sequence of subgenotype iiia hepatitis a virus isolate in republic of korea. | hepatitis a virus is known to cause acute hepatitis and has significant implications for public health throughout the world. in the republic of korea, the number of patients with hepatitis a virus infection has been increasing rapidly since 2006. in this study, the kor-hav-f strain was identified as subgenotype iiia by rt-pcr, and its identity was confirmed by nucleotide sequencing and alignment analysis. moreover, detailed phylogenetic analysis indicated that the kor-hav-f strain clustered into ... | 2013 | 23991416 |
| epidemiology and molecular analysis of hepatitis a, b and c in a semi-urban and rural area of crete. | an observational seroepidemiological study was carried out in a well-defined primary-care district on the island of crete in order to determine the recent endemicity of viral hepatitis in cretan-population. | 2013 | 23988264 |
| inactivation of internalized and surface contaminated enteric viruses in green onions. | with increasing outbreaks of gastroenteritis associated with produce, it is important to assess interventions to reduce the risk of illness. uv, ozone and high pressure are non-thermal processing technologies that have potential to inactivate human pathogens on produce and allow the retention of fresh-like organoleptic properties. the objective of this study was to determine if uv, ozone, and high pressure are effective technologies compared to traditional chlorine spray on green onions to reduc ... | 2013 | 23973828 |
| [first case of hepatitis b virus genotype h infection in turkey]. | clinical studies reported from turkey indicate that hepatitis b virus (hbv) genotype d is more prevalent than other genotypes. epidemiological and clinical information on genotype h infection is currently limited. genotype h infection is most likely due to its regional (central and south america) prevalence throughout the world. the aim of this report is to present the first hbv genotype h infection in a chronic hepatitis b patient in turkey. laboratory findings of a 42 years old male patient ad ... | 2013 | 23971934 |
| role of hepatitis e virus antigen in confirming active viral replication in patients with acute viral hepatitis e infection. | demonstration of active viral replication is important in serologically confirmed cases of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection to assess prognosis. detection of hev rna by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rtpcr) is the gold standard for demonstration of active viremia. | 2013 | 23965185 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus infection among schoolchildren and adolescents in kaduna, nigeria. | hepatitis a is an infectious viral disease, caused by hepatitis a virus (hav), endemic in many developing countries. a recent review of the global prevalence of hav infection and susceptibility by the who had few data on the seroprevalence of hav in nigeria. this study was designed to determine the seroprevalence of hav among schoolchildren and adolescents in kaduna state and to identify factors associated with seropositivity. | 2013 | 23959003 |
| a randomized trial of a hepatitis care coordination model in methadone maintenance treatment. | we evaluated the efficacy of a hepatitis care coordination intervention to improve linkage to hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) vaccination and clinical evaluation of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection among methadone maintenance patients. | 2013 | 23947319 |
| a model international partnership for community-based research on vaccine-preventable diseases: the kamphaeng phet-afrims virology research unit (kavru). | this paper describes an international collaboration to carry out studies that contributed to the understanding of pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of several diseases of public health importance for thailand and the united states. in kamphaeng phet province, thailand, febrile syndromes, including encephalitis, hepatitis, hemorrhagic fever, and influenza-like illnesses, occurred commonly and were clinically diagnosed, but the etiology was rarely confirmed. since 1982, the kampha ... | 2013 | 23933334 |
| reduction of hepatitis a virus on frhk-4 cells treated with korean red ginseng extract and ginsenosides. | red ginseng has a variety of bioactive functions and is widely used as an oriental medicinal herb and food ingredient. the aim of this study was to investigate the antiviral effect of red ginseng extract and ginsenosides against hepatitis a virus (hav). to examine the antiviral effect against hav, 0 to 10 μg/ml of red ginseng and purified ginsenoside rb1 and rg1 were pre-treated or co-treated on frhk-4 cells. the hav titer decreased significantly in all groups pretreated with red ginseng or puri ... | 2013 | 23931146 |
| transcriptome analysis of duck liver and identification of differentially expressed transcripts in response to duck hepatitis a virus genotype c infection. | duck is an economically important poultry and animal model for human viral hepatitis b. however, the molecular mechanisms underlying host-virus interaction remain unclear because of limited information on the duck genome. this study aims to characterize the duck normal liver transcriptome and to identify the differentially expressed transcripts at 24 h after duck hepatitis a virus genotype c (dhav-c) infection using illumina-solexa sequencing. | 2013 | 23923051 |
| unsafe injection practices: a potential weapon for the outbreak of blood borne viruses in the community. | unsafe injection practices are common in developing nations. such practices, through contaminated needles and syringes, place injection recipient, healthcare workers and the community at large at risk of infection with blood borne viruses. | 2013 | 23919185 |
| comparison of the virucidal efficiency of peracetic acid, potassium monopersulfate and sodium hypochlorite on hepatitis a and enteric cytopathogenic bovine orphan virus. | the virucidal activity of peroxy-products was evaluated and compared with sodium hypochlorite using the en 14675 european suspension test and a surface test developed in our laboratory. the classical approach on infectivity of viruses was complemented with a prospective approach on virus genomes. | 2013 | 23906424 |
| mapping codon usage in sequence regions flanking cleavage positions in the hepatitis a virus polyprotein. | to analyze the synonymous codon usage patterns of sequence regions flanking cleavage sites in the hepatitis a virus (hav) polyprotein, the codon usage bias at codon positions and the synonymous codon usage in the target contexts of 30 virus strains were estimated by two simple methods that were based on the values for relative synonymous codon usage. in addition, the pattern of synonymous codon usage was compared between the genomic sequences in hav and those of its human host. our results indic ... | 2013 | 23884773 |
| prevalence of hepatitis a virus, hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus, hepatitis d virus and hepatitis e virus as causes of acute viral hepatitis in north india: a hospital based study. | acute viral hepatitis (avh) is a major public health problem and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. | 2013 | 23883712 |
| acute hepatitis a in an elderly patient after care worker travel to high endemicity country. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is considered one of the most important vaccine-preventable diseases in travelers. hav spreads from person to person via the fecal-oral route and gives rise to an estimated 1.4 million cases worldwide each year. in developing countries with poor sanitary conditions people tend to be infected during childhood and have few symptoms, whereas in developed countries with good sanitary conditions fewer people develop immunity during childhood. this leads to susceptible populati ... | 2013 | 23880980 |
| acute hepatitis a infection: a predisposing factor for severe leptospirosis. | leptospirosis is a rare and potentially fatal infection that requires a high index of suspicion for timely diagnosis and treatment. diagnosis of leptospirosis can be particularly difficult in context of coexistent viral hepatitis. we present a case of weil's syndrome, in which a concurrent resolving hepatitis a virus infection was concomitantly diagnosed. assessment of epidemiologic risk factors and serial serology testing were key in making this diagnosis. the immunologic consequence of the coe ... | 2013 | 23875528 |
| characterization of effluent water qualities from satellite membrane bioreactor facilities. | membrane bioreactors (mbrs) are often a preferred treatment technology for satellite water recycling facilities since they produce consistent effluent water quality with a small footprint and require little or no supervision. while the water quality produced from centralized mbrs has been widely reported, there is no study in the literature addressing the effluent quality from a broad range of satellite facilities. thus, a study was conducted to characterize effluent water qualities produced by ... | 2013 | 23871258 |
| prevalence of hepatitis a antibodies in eastern bolivia: a population-based study. | the seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) is changing from high to intermediate endemicity in several latin american countries, but the pattern in the andean latin american countries is unknown. a seroepidemiological survey (n = 436) of hav in schoolchildren living in the cochabamba region of bolivia was conducted in 2010. a questionnaire was completed by parents to obtain demographic, socio-economic, and housing data, and blood samples were collected. the overall prevalence of hav igg was 9 ... | 2013 | 23861034 |
| scoping the impact of changes in population age-structure on the future burden of foodborne disease in the netherlands, 2020-2060. | a demographic shift towards a larger proportion of elderly in the dutch population in the coming decades might change foodborne disease incidence and mortality. in the current study we focused on the age-specific changes in the occurrence of foodborne pathogens by combining age-specific demographic forecasts for 10-year periods between 2020 and 2060 with current age-specific infection probabilities for campylobacter spp., non-typhoidal salmonella, hepatitis a virus, acquired toxoplasma gondii an ... | 2013 | 23851976 |
| safety and immunogenicity of a glycoprotein d genital herpes vaccine in healthy girls 10-17 years of age: results from a randomised, controlled, double-blind trial. | the investigational as04-adjuvanted herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) glycoprotein d (gd2) subunit prophylactic vaccine ('hsv vaccine'; glaxosmithkline vaccines) has been shown to be well tolerated in adults, but limited data exist for pre-teen and adolescent girls, a likely target population. the primary objective of this study was to compare the occurrence of serious adverse events (saes) over 12 months between hsv vaccine recipients and saline recipients (placebo control group) in pre-teen ... | 2013 | 23850416 |
| complete genome sequence of a duck hepatitis a virus 1 isolated from a pigeon in china. | we report here the complete genome sequence of a duck hepatitis a virus 1 (dhav-1), strain fj1220, isolated from a dead pigeon in eastern china. dhav-1 fj1220 has high homology of up to 99.6% to the dhav-1 strain du/ch/lgd/111238 but relatively low homology to strains ffz05 and fz05. an amino acid hypervariable region in the vp1 protein of fj1220 has the motif (180)tpsgr(184) replaced by (180)alsrg(184) compared to strains ffz05 and fz05. | 2013 | 23846267 |