Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| non-essential loci in the bamhi-i and -f fragments of the hvt fc126 genome. | the sequence of bamhi-i fragment of the herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) fc126 strain dna was analyzed for the presence of potential open reading frames (orfs). four complete (orfs 2 to 5) and 2 partial orfs (orfs 1 and 6) were detected. orfs 2 and 3 were homologous to the hsv-1 ul55 and the ehv-1 gene 3, respectively. the orf 6 was already partially sequenced by smith et al. (virology 207, 205-216, 1995), and was homologous to a marek's disease virus (mdv) orf located in a similar position (orf 21; ... | 1999 | 10696442 |
| expression of two related viral early genes in epstein-barr virus-associated tumors. | the transcription of two early "leftwardly" expressed genes carrying repetitive sequences, ir2 and ir4, has been studied for epstein-barr virus-associated tumors, and for established b-cell lines, using sequence-specific probes generated for this purpose. whereas the ir4 transcript was identified in every tumor and cell line assessed (except b95-8, with a deletion that removes the gene), expression of the ir2 gene was restricted to b lymphocytes. though the promoters for both transcripts lie wit ... | 2000 | 10684296 |
| development and validation of a monoclonal antibody blocking elisa for the detection of antibodies against both equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv1) and equine herpesvirus type 4 (ehv4). | a monoclonal antibody blocking elisa was developed for the detection of antibodies directed against either ehv1 or ehv4. for this purpose, we selected a monoclonal antibody directed against a cross-reactive, conservative and immunodominant epitope of both ehv1 and ehv4. high antibody titres were found in rabbit antisera and spf-foal antisera infected with either ehv1 or ehv4. after experimental challenge of conventional horses with ehv1 or ehv4 significant increases in cf and elisa titres were f ... | 2000 | 10665532 |
| replication of equine herpesvirus type 1 in freshly isolated equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells and changes in susceptibility following mitogen stimulation. | in the present study, the outcome of an inoculation of equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) with equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) was studied in vitro. cytoplasmic and plasma membrane expression of viral antigens, intra- and extracellular virus titres, and plaque formation in co-culture were determined. ehv-1 replicated in monocytes, although in a highly restricted way. viral antigens were found at maximum levels (8.7% of the monocytes) at 12 h post-infection. the infection was prod ... | 2000 | 10640538 |
| equid herpesvirus-induced immunosuppression is associated with lymphoid cells and not soluble circulating factors. | a paresis isolate of equid herpesvirus 1 (ehv1, ab4/8) and a plaque-purified virus derived from it (ehv1, ab4/13), induced long-term suppression of both mitogenic and antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferations in adult outbred ponies. peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) taken from a pony after ehv1 infection suppressed the in vitro function of normal cells but serum did not. this showed that the observed immune suppression was associated with circulating pbmc and/or their products rather t ... | 1999 | 10630790 |
| the ends on herpesvirus dna replicative concatemers contain pac2 cis cleavage/packaging elements and their formation is controlled by terminal cis sequences. | herpesviruses have large double-stranded linear dna genomes that are formed by site-specific cleavage from complex concatemeric intermediates. in this process, only one of the two genomic ends are formed on the concatemer. although the mechanism underlying this asymmetry is not known, one explanation is that single genomes are cleaved off of concatemer ends in a preferred direction. this implies that cis elements control the direction of packaging. two highly conserved cis elements named pac1 an ... | 2000 | 10627574 |
| the eicp22 protein of equine herpesvirus 1 physically interacts with the immediate-early protein and with itself to form dimers and higher-order complexes. | the eicp22 protein (eicp22p) of equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) is an early protein that functions synergistically with other ehv-1 regulatory proteins to transactivate the expression of early and late viral genes. we have previously identified eicp22p as an accessory regulatory protein that has the ability to enhance the transactivating properties and the sequence-specific dna-binding activity of the ehv-1 immediate-early protein (iep). in the present study, we identify eicp22p as a self-associati ... | 2000 | 10627553 |
| characterization of the trans-activation properties of equine herpesvirus 1 eicp0 protein. | the eicp0 protein of equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) is an early, viral regulatory protein that independently trans-activates ehv-1 immediate-early (ie), early, gamma1 late, and gamma2 late promoters. to assess whether this powerful trans-activator functions in conjunction with three other ehv-1 regulatory proteins to activate expression of the various classes of viral promoters, transient cotransfection assays were performed in which effector plasmids expressing the eicp22, eicp27, and ie proteins ... | 2000 | 10627530 |
| a prime-boost immunization strategy with dna and recombinant baculovirus-expressed protein enhances protective immunogenicity of glycoprotein d of equine herpesvirus 1 in naïve and infection-primed mice. | the immunogenicity and protective efficacy afforded by intramuscular inoculation of plasmid dna encoding equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) glycoprotein d (gd) followed by ehv-1 gd expressed by a recombinant baculovirus was assessed in a murine model of ehv-1 respiratory infection. compared with mice inoculated with dna or protein only, mice inoculated with the combination of gd dna and protein had enhanced elisa and neutralizing antibody titres to ehv-1 and had accelerated clearance of virus from lun ... | 2000 | 10618534 |
| use of apathogenic vaccinia virus mva expressing ehv-1 gc as basis of a combined recombinant mva/dna vaccination scheme. | the nonreplicating chicken adapted vaccinia virus strain mva was used in a combined vaccine scheme. using the equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) encoded complement-receptor glycoprotein c as antigen, only poor antibody response was induced by exclusive vaccination with dna plasmids. the administration of recombinant mva followed by plasmid immunization elicited both humoral and cellular immune responses in hamster comparable to ehv-1 full virus vaccines. our results indicate that recombinant cons ... | 2000 | 10618528 |
| [rhinopneumonia or mycotoxin intoxication? neurologic phenomena in horses from a riding school]. | in the course of several days most of the 40 riding-school horses turned out in paddocks developed ataxia of variable severity. five of these horses showed severe ataxia and tremors, became paralyzed and were euthanized. eleven privately-owned horses which were stabled on the same premises showed no clinical signs. the most likely diagnosis seemed to be the 'neurological form of ehv1', although the signs were not entirely typical. a few weeks later a second outbreak occurred among the riding-sch ... | 1999 | 10596400 |
| the disappearance of cyclins a and b and the increase in activity of the g(2)/m-phase cellular kinase cdc2 in herpes simplex virus 1-infected cells require expression of the alpha22/u(s)1.5 and u(l)13 viral genes. | in uninfected cells the g(2)/m transition is regulated by cyclin kinase complex containing cdc2 and, initially, cyclin a, followed by cyclin b. cdc2 is downregulated through phosphorylation by wee-1 and myt-1 and upregulated by cdc-25c phosphatase. we have examined the accumulation and activities of these proteins in cells infected with wild type and mutants of herpes simplex virus 1. the results were as follows. (i) cyclin a and b levels were reduced beginning 4 h after infection and were undet ... | 2000 | 10590085 |
| characterization of the transactivation domain of the equine herpesvirus type 1 immediate-early protein. | equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) possesses a sole diploid immediate early gene (ie) that encodes a major regulatory protein of 1487 amino acids capable of modulating gene expression from both early and late promoters and also of trans-repressing its own promoter. using a series of gal-4-ie fusion constructs, we previously demonstrated that the minimal transactivation domain (tad) of the ie protein maps within amino acids 3-89. additional studies revealed that that the carboxyl terminus of the i ... | 1999 | 10581386 |
| induction and prevention of apoptosis in human hep-2 cells by herpes simplex virus type 1. | cultured human epithelial cells infected with an icp27 deletion strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) show characteristic features of apoptotic cells including cell shrinkage, nuclear condensation, and dna fragmentation. these cells do not show such apoptotic features when infected with a wild-type virus unless the infections are performed in the presence of a protein synthesis inhibitor. thus, both types of virus induce apoptosis, but the icp27-null virus is unable to prevent this proce ... | 1999 | 10559354 |
| truncation of the c-terminal acidic transcriptional activation domain of herpes simplex virus vp16 renders expression of the immediate-early genes almost entirely dependent on icp0. | the herpes simplex virus (hsv) proteins vp16 and icp0 play key roles in stimulating the onset of the viral lytic cycle. we sought to explore the regulatory links between these proteins by studying the phenotypes of viral mutants in which the activation functions of both were simultaneously inactivated. this analysis unexpectedly revealed that truncation of the c-terminal transcriptional activation domain of vp16 (allele v422) in an icp0-deficient background almost completely eliminated immediate ... | 1999 | 10559282 |
| the nucleotide sequence of the glycoprotein g homologue of equine herpesvirus 3 (ehv3) indicates ehv3 is a distinct equid alphaherpesvirus. | ehv3 causes equine coital exanthema and has been classified as an alphaherpesvirus on the basis of its biological properties; however due to the absence of any sequence information the phylogenetic relationship has not previously been examined. the complete nucleotide sequence of the ehv3 glycoprotein g (gg) gene was determined and showed that this virus is most closely related to the alphaherpesviruses equine herpesviruses type 1 (ehv 1) and type 4 (ehv4). ehv3 gg contains conserved and variabl ... | 1999 | 10550674 |
| equine herpes virus type 1 (ehv-1) infection induces alterations in the cytoskeleton of vero cells but not apoptosis. | effects of infection with two different strains of equine herpes virus type 1 (ehv-1; piber 178/83, kentucky d) on the cytoskeleton of vero cells were investigated immunohistochemically, and evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. twenty four hours post ehv-1 infection the assembly of the microtubulus system of vero cells was heavily disturbed. the golgi region was dispersed into vesicles spread throughout the cytoplasm as demonstrated by wga lectin binding. other cytoskeletal elements ... | 1999 | 10542029 |
| determination of equid herpesvirus 1-specific, cd8+, cytotoxic t lymphocyte precursor frequencies in ponies. | the frequency of antigen-specific, genetically restricted cytotoxic t lymphocyte precursors (ctlp) was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) of ponies before and after infection with equid herpesvirus 1 (ehv1). split-well limiting dilution analysis (lda) was developed to measure ctlp frequency using ehv1-infected 51cr-labelled lymphoblasts as targets. extensive characterisation showed that recombinant human interleukin-2, autologous antigen presenting cells and equine serum conta ... | 1999 | 10507286 |
| [mutations in the us2 and glycoprotein b genes of the equine herpesvirus 1 vaccine strain rach have no effects on its attenuation]. | the equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) modified live vaccine strain rach is apathogenic for both laboratory animals and the natural host. the apathogenicity of rach was caused by serial passages of the virus in heterologous cells. when compared to the virulent parental strain racl11 several changes in the rach genome occurred. previous results have shown that the loss of the ir6 gene correlated with the loss of virulence. additional important mutations were observed within the us2 gene which is direct ... | 1999 | 10507185 |
| clinical, haematological and biochemical findings in foals with neonatal equine herpesvirus-1 infection compared with septic and premature foals. | a retrospective multicentre study comparing historical, clinical, haematological, acid-base and biochemical findings of foals with equine herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1) infection, septicaemia or prematurity was performed to determine if early diagnosis of ehv-1 foals was possible. fifty-three foals were studied and were assigned to one of 2 groups: herpes positive (n = 14) or herpes negative (n = 39). the latter group included 20 septic, 11 premature, and 8 premature and septic foals. the presence of her ... | 1999 | 10505959 |
| characteristics of glycoprotein b of equine herpesvirus 1 expressed by a recombinant baculovirus. | a recombinant baculovirus (bac-egb) containing the complete open reading frame of equine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein b (ehv-1 gb) expressed recombinant products of 107-133 kda, 58-75 kda and 53-57 kda, corresponding to ehv-1 gb precursor, large and small subunits respectively. high molecular mass products (>200 kda) in the bac-egb infected insect cells were consistent with oligomerisation of the recombinant ehv-1 gb products, and analysis with tunicamycin and endoglycosidases indicated that the b ... | 1999 | 10501161 |
| potential of dna-mediated vaccination for equine herpesvirus 1. | the potential of dna-mediated immunisation to protect against equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) disease was assessed in a murine model of ehv-1 respiratory infection. intramuscular injection with dna encoding the ehv-1 envelope glycoprotein d (gd) in a mammalian expression vector induced a specific antibody response detectable by two weeks and maintained through 23 weeks post injection. immune responses were proportional to the dose of dna and a second injection markedly enhanced the antibody respons ... | 1999 | 10501160 |
| epidemiology of ehv-1 and ehv-4 in the mare and foal populations on a hunter valley stud farm: are mares the source of ehv-1 for unweaned foals. | the prevalence of ehv-1 and ehv-4 antibody-positive horses was determined using a type specific elisa on serum samples collected from 229 mares and their foals resident on a large thoroughbred stud farm in the hunter valley of new south wales in february 1995. more than 99% of all mares and foals tested were ehv-4 antibody positive, while the prevalence of ehv-1 antibody positive mares and foals were 26.2 and 11.4%, respectively. examination of the elisa absorbance data for the individual mares ... | 1999 | 10501159 |
| epidemiological studies of equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) in thoroughbred foals: a review of studies conducted in the hunter valley of new south wales between 1995 and 1997. | sero-epidemiological studies conducted between 1995 and 1997 on two large thoroughbred stud farms in the hunter valley of nsw showed clear evidence of ehv-1 infection in foals as young as 30 days of age. similarly, serological evidence suggested that these foals were infected with ehv-1 from their dams or from other lactating mares in the group, with subsequent foal to foal spread of infection prior to weaning. these studies also provided evidence of ehv-1 infection of foals at and subsequent to ... | 1999 | 10501158 |
| comparison of the pathogenesis of acute equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) infection in the horse and the mouse model: a review. | the mouse models of the respiratory and abortion forms of equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) infection have been used to investigate the vaccine potential of various ehv-1 immunogens, the effect of antiviral agents on ehv-1 infection and the pathogenicity of ehv-1 strain variants and deletion or insertional mutants. this review examines the similarities and differences in the pathogenesis of primary ehv-1 infection in the natural host, the horse, and in the mouse by comparing tissue tropism, clinical ... | 1999 | 10501157 |
| equine herpesvirus 1 gene 12 can substitute for vmw65 in the growth of herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1, allowing the generation of optimized cell lines for the propagation of hsv vectors with multiple immediate-early gene defects. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) has often been suggested for development as a vector, particularly for the nervous system. considerable evidence has shown that for use of hsv as a vector, immediate-early (ie) gene expression must be minimized or abolished, otherwise such vectors are likely to be highly cytotoxic. mutations of vmw65 which abolish ie promoter transactivating activity may also be included to reduce ie gene expression generally. however, when vmw65 mutations are combined with an ie gene ... | 1999 | 10438830 |
| detection of equine herpesvirus types 2 and 5 (ehv-2 and ehv-5) in przewalski's wild horses. | in blood samples of seven captive equid species from four german zoos ehv-1 specific antibodies were detected in 76% and ehv-4 specific antibodies in 73% of the 55 animals, whereas 93% were tested positive for ehv-2 and ehv-5, respectively. in only one blood sample from a przewalski's wild horse ehv-4 dna was amplified by pcr. from seven przewalski's wild horses ehv-2, and from another one ehv-5 was isolated by cocultivation. the identity of the virus isolates was verified by pcr and restriction ... | 1999 | 10365167 |
| icp22 and the ul13 protein kinase are both required for herpes simplex virus-induced modification of the large subunit of rna polymerase ii. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection alters the phosphorylation of the large subunit of rna polymerase ii (rnap ii), resulting in the depletion of the hypophosphorylated and hyperphosphorylated forms of this polypeptide (known as iia and iio, respectively) and induction of a novel, alternatively phosphorylated form (designated iii). we previously showed that the hsv-1 immediate-early protein icp22 is involved in this phenomenon, since induction of iii and depletion of iia are deficient ... | 1999 | 10364308 |
| colocalization of the herpes simplex virus 1 ul4 protein with infected cell protein 22 in small, dense nuclear structures formed prior to onset of dna synthesis. | herpes simplex virus 1 infected cell protein 22 (icp22) localizes in small, dense nuclear bodies of primate cells early in infection and in the more diffuse replicative complexes after the onset of dna synthesis. ul4, a gamma2 protein, localizes in cytoplasm and in the small nuclear structures containing icp22 but not in replicative complexes. in rabbit skin cells, both icp22 and ul4 localize in the dense nuclear bodies late in infection. the results suggest that the small nuclear structures per ... | 1999 | 10233976 |
| gene arrangement and rna transcription of the bamhi fragments k and m2 within the non-oncogenic marek's disease virus serotype 2 unique long genome region. | we determined the nucleotide sequence of a 6593 bp fragment of the marek's disease virus serotype 2 (mdv2) unique long region located in the right part of genomic bamhi-m2 and the adjacent part of bamhi-k fragments. within this region five complete open reading frames (orfs) were identified whose deduced amino acid sequences exhibited homology to the ul53 (glycoprotein k), ul54 (immediate early regulatory protein icp27), and ul55 gene products of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). homologue to ... | 1999 | 10225279 |
| functional anatomy of herpes simplex virus 1 overlapping genes encoding infected-cell protein 22 and us1.5 protein. | earlier studies have shown that (i) the coding domain of the alpha22 gene encodes two proteins, the 420-amino-acid infected-cell protein 22 (icp22) and a protein, us1.5, which is initiated from methionine 147 of icp22 and which is colinear with the remaining portion of that protein; (ii) posttranslational processing of icp22 mediated largely by the viral protein kinase ul13 yields several isoforms differing in electrophoretic mobility; and (iii) mutants lacking the carboxyl-terminal half of the ... | 1999 | 10196329 |
| a novel cellular protein, p60, interacting with both herpes simplex virus 1 regulatory proteins icp22 and icp0 is modified in a cell-type-specific manner and is recruited to the nucleus after infection. | herpes simplex virus 1 encodes two multifunctional regulatory proteins, infected-cell proteins 22 and 0 (icp22 and icp0). icp0 is a promiscuous transactivator, whereas icp22 is required in vivo and for efficient replication and expression of a subset of late (gamma2) genes in rodent or rabbit cell lines and in primary human cell strains (restrictive cells) but not in hep-2 or vero (permissive) cells. we report the identification in the yeast two-hybrid system of a cellular protein designated p60 ... | 1999 | 10196275 |
| immunogenicity of herpes simplex virus type 1 mutants containing deletions in one or more alpha-genes: icp4, icp27, icp22, and icp0. | replication defective mutants of hsv have been proposed both as vaccine candidates and as vehicles for gene therapy because of their inability to produce infectious progeny. the immunogenicity of these hsv replication mutants, at both qualitative and quantitative levels, will directly determine their effectiveness for either of these applications. we have previously reported (brehm et al., j. virol., 71, 3534, 1997) that a replication defective mutant of hsv-1, which expresses a substantial leve ... | 1999 | 10191191 |
| the gamma2 late glycoprotein k promoter of equine herpesvirus 1 is differentially regulated by the ie and eicp0 proteins. | the equine herpesvirus 1 immediate-early (ie) phosphoprotein is essential for the activation of transcription from viral early and late promoters and trans-represses its own promoter. transient-transfection assays showed that the ie protein trans-represses the gamma2 late gk promoter. gel shift and dnase i footprinting assays demonstrated that the ie protein binds to the gk promoter sequences from -42 to -26 and from -13 to +12 that overlap the transcription initiation site (+1). these results i ... | 1999 | 10191181 |
| infection with equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) strain hvs25a in pregnant mice. | the abortigenic effects of equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) strain hvs25a, given intranasally, were assessed in pregnant balb/c, c57bl/6j and quakenbush mice at day 16 of pregnancy. all ehv-1-infected balb/c mice showed clinical signs typical of ehv-1-induced disease, together with evidence of abortion. however, although there were fetal and neonatal deaths in some c57bl/6j and quakenbush litters, the respiratory and systemic effects of ehv-1 infection in the dams were inconsistent. balb/c dams were ... | 1999 | 10098013 |
| construction and characterization of an equine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein c negative mutant. | an equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) strain racl 11 mutant was constructed that carries the escherichia coli lacz gene instead of the open reading frame encoding glycoprotein c (gc). the engineered virus mutant (l11(delta)gc) lacked codons 46-440 of the 1404 bp gene. on rabbit kidney cell line rk13 and equine dermal cell line edmin337, the l11(delta)gc virus grew to titers which were reduced by approximately 5- to 10-fold compared with wild-type racl11 virus or a repaired virus (r-l11(delta)gc). howe ... | 1999 | 10082388 |
| the defective interfering particles of equine herpesvirus 1 encode an icp22/icp27 hybrid protein that alters viral gene regulation. | the genomes of equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) defective interfering (di) particles that mediate persistent infection were shown to encode a unique hybrid open reading frame composed of sequences that encode the 196 n-terminal amino acids of icp22 linked in-frame to the c-terminal 68 amino acids of icp27. previous studies demonstrated that this hybrid gene, designated as icp22/icp27. was expressed abundantly at both the mrna and the protein levels in di particle-enriched infections, but not in stan ... | 1999 | 10082387 |
| the equine herpesvirus 1 us2 homolog encodes a nonessential membrane-associated virion component. | experiments were conducted to analyze the equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) gene 68 product which is encoded by the ehv-1 us2 homolog. an antiserum directed against the amino-terminal 206 amino acids of the ehv-1 us2 protein specifically detected a protein with an mr of 34,000 in cells infected with ehv-1 strain racl11. ehv-1 strain ab4 encodes a 44,000-mr us2 protein, whereas vaccine strain rach, a high-passage derivative of racl11, encodes a 31,000-mr us2 polypeptide. irrespective of its size, the ... | 1999 | 10074198 |
| deletion of multiple immediate-early genes from herpes simplex virus reduces cytotoxicity and permits long-term gene expression in neurons. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) has many attractive features that suggest its utility for gene transfer to neurons. however, viral cytotoxicity and transient transgene expression limit practical applications even in the absence of viral replication. mutant viruses deleted for the immediate early (ie) gene, icp4, an essential transcriptional transactivator, are toxic to many cell types in culture in which only the remaining ie genes are expressed. in order to test directly the toxicity of oth ... | 1998 | 10023438 |
| dna-mediated immunization with glycoprotein d of equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) in a murine model of ehv-1 respiratory infection. | dna-mediated immunization was assessed in a murine model of equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) respiratory infection. a single intramuscular injection with plasmid dna encoding ehv-1 glycoprotein d (ehv-1 gd), including its predicted c-terminal membrane anchor sequence, induced a specific antibody response detectable by 2 weeks and maintained through 23 weeks post injection. a second injection at 4 weeks markedly enhanced the antibody response and all ehv-1 gd-injected mice developed neutralizing anti ... | 1999 | 9987159 |
| capsid structure of simian cytomegalovirus from cryoelectron microscopy: evidence for tegument attachment sites. | we have used cryoelectron microscopy and image reconstruction to study b-capsids recovered from both the nuclear and the cytoplasmic fractions of cells infected with simian cytomegalovirus (scmv). scmv, a representative betaherpesvirus, could thus be compared with the previously described b-capsids of the alphaherpesviruses, herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1), and of channel catfish virus, an evolutionarily remote herpesvirus. nuclear b-capsid architecture is ge ... | 1999 | 9971801 |
| equine herpesvirus type 1 infects dendritic cells in vitro: stimulation of t lymphocyte proliferation and cytotoxicity by infected dendritic cells. | equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) causes respiratory disease, abortion and myeloencephalopathy in horses. as with other herpesviruses, cell-mediated immunity is considered important for both recovery and protection. although virus-specific t-cell proliferation and cytotoxicity can be detected following in vivo infection, little is known about the role of antigen presenting cells such as dendritic cells (dcs) in these processes. peripheral blood dcs were shown to express the viral glycoprotein gb ... | 1999 | 9950351 |
| dendritic cells presenting equine herpesvirus-1 antigens induce protective anti-viral immunity. | equine herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1) causes rhinopneumonitis, abortion and cns disorders in horses. using intranasal inoculation, the mouse model of this disease mimics the major pathogenic and clinical features of the equine disease. the aim of this study was to investigate whether murine dendritic cells (dc) can be infected with ehv-1 and whether they can be used as cellular vaccines for the induction of prophylactic anti-ehv-1 immunity. it was found that the dc lines fsdc, d2sc1, 18 (all h-2d) and 80 ... | 1998 | 9880015 |
| in vitro reactivation of latent equid herpesvirus-1 from cd5+/cd8+ leukocytes indirectly by il-2 or chorionic gonadotrophin. | il-2 and equine chorionic gonadotrophin (ecg) initiated reactivation of equid herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1) from venous lymphocytes at a frequency of 1/10(-5). indirect immunofluorescence showed that > 80% of virus-positive leukocytes were cd5+/cd8+ with the remaining 20% being cd5+/cd8-/cd4-. cocultivation demonstrated that the reactivated virus was infectious. in addition, virus was reactivated in vitro from leukocytes of > 70% of horses by the mitogens phytohaemagglutinin (pha) and pokeweed mitogen ( ... | 1998 | 9880014 |
| primary and challenge infection of mice with equine herpesvirus 1, strain hsv25a. | clinical signs, haematology, lymphocyte subset analysis, viral clearance, lung histopathology and humoral and cell-mediated (cmi) immune responses were monitored throughout the acute and convalescent phases of infection in groups of balb/c mice infected intranasally with equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1), strain hsv25a. primary infection caused a leucocytosis due to a neutrophilia during days 1 and 2 post-infection (pi) and a b lymphocytosis at day 1 pi. serum elisa antibodies were detected by 7 days ... | 1998 | 9870583 |
| an equine herpesvirus 1 mutant with a lacz insertion between open reading frames 62 and 63 is replication competent and causes disease in the murine respiratory model. | an equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) mutant was constructed by inserting a lacz expression cassette into the intergenic region upstream of gene 62 (glycoprotein l; gl) and downstream of gene 63 (a homologue of the herpes simplex virus transcriptional activator icp0). the recombinant lacz62/63-ehv-1 had similar growth kinetics in cell culture to those of the parental wild type (wt) virus, with indistinguishable cytopathic effects and plaque morphology. reverse transcriptase pcr confirmed that the lacz ... | 1998 | 9856103 |
| systemic infection by equid herpesvirus-1 in a grevy's zebra stallion (equus grevyi) with particular reference to genital pathology. | a severe multi-systemic form of equid herpesvirus-1 infection is described in an adult zebra stallion. there was multifocal necrotizing rhinitis, marked hydrothorax and pulmonary oedema, with viral antigen expression in degenerating epithelial cells, local endothelial cells and intravascular leucocytes of the nasal mucosa and lung. specific localization of ehv-1 infection was seen in the testes and epididymides, including infection of leydig cells and germinal epithelium, which would have facili ... | 1998 | 9839210 |
| seroprevalence of equine herpesvirus 1 in thoroughbred foals before and after weaning. | to investigate the seroprevalence of equine herpesvirus 1 in foals around weaning and after weaning on two large thoroughbred farms using a type-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine exposure to infection. | 1998 | 9830568 |
| epidemiology of equine herpesvirus abortion: searching for clues to the future. | 1998 | 9830567 | |
| diagnosis and sero-epizootiology of equine herpesvirus type 1 and type 4 infections in japan using a type-specific elisa. | recently, a type-specific elisa using equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) and type 4 (ehv-4) glycoprotein gs (ggs) was developed by crabb and studdert [1993]. to investigate the dissemination of ehv-1 and -4 among horses in japan, we applied their elisa as suitable for discriminating between ehv-1 and -4 infections serologically. type-specificity of the elisa was confirmed by using paired sera of infected horses with either ehv-1 or -4. application of the elisa to sera collected before and after t ... | 1998 | 9819768 |
| the equine herpesvirus 1 ir6 protein that colocalizes with nuclear lamins is involved in nucleocapsid egress and migrates from cell to cell independently of virus infection. | the equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) ir6 protein forms typical rod-like structures in infected cells, influences virus growth at elevated temperatures, and determines the virulence of ehv-1 rac strains (osterrieder et al., virology 226:243-251, 1996). experiments to further elucidate the functions and properties of the ir6 protein were conducted. it was shown that the ir6 protein of wild-type racl11 virus colocalizes with nuclear lamins very late in infection as demonstrated by confocal laser scan m ... | 1998 | 9811716 |
| protective effects of equine herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1) glycoprotein b in a murine model of ehv-1-induced abortion. | in an attempt to determine if pregnant mice could be protected from abortion subsequent to challenge with equine herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1) in the mouse model of ehv-1 disease, female balb/c mice were inoculated with baculovirus-expressed ehv-1 glycoprotein b (bac-gb), wild-type baculovirus (bac-wt), rabbit kidney (rk-13) or baby hamster kidney (bhk-21) cells. using an elisa, antibodies against ehv-1 were detected in the serum of mice following two injections of bac-gb and were enhanced by a third in ... | 1998 | 9791876 |
| protective immunity against equine herpesvirus type-1 (ehv-1) infection in mice induced by recombinant ehv-1 gd. | the ability of recombinant preparations of equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) glycoprotein d (gd) to elicit specific antibody and t lymphocyte responses in the balb/c mouse model of respiratory infection was investigated. recombinant gd (rgd) expressed as a glutathione-s-transferase (gst) fusion protein in escherichia coli elicited both high titer neutralizing antibody (nab) and cd4 t cell proliferative responses following subcutaneous or intranasal immunization, but elicited only a weak antibody ... | 1998 | 9784062 |
| herpes simplex virus 1 regulatory protein icp22 interacts with a new cell cycle-regulated factor and accumulates in a cell cycle-dependent fashion in infected cells. | the herpes simplex virus 1 infected cell protein 22 (icp22), the product of the alpha22 gene, is a nucleotidylylated and phosphorylated nuclear protein with properties of a transcriptional factor required for the expression of a subset of viral genes. here, we report the following. (i) icp22 interacts with a previously unknown cellular factor designated p78 in the yeast two-hybrid system. the p78 cdna encodes a polypeptide with a distribution of leucines reminiscent of a leucine zipper. (ii) in ... | 1998 | 9765390 |
| neuropathological study of gazelle herpesvirus 1 (equine herpesvirus 9) infection in thomson's gazelles (gazella thomsoni). | gazelle herpesvirus (ghv-1), correctly designated as equine herpesvirus 9, is a new type of equine herpesvirus immunologically related to equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1). as a sequel to a virological study, the neuropathology of encephalitis caused by ghv-1 in thomson's gazelles (gazella thomsoni) was examined. seven gazelles died with or without neurological symptoms between early september and mid-october in 1993. no gross abnormalities were observed at necropsy, but all animals had non-suppurati ... | 1998 | 9749360 |
| health evaluation of free-ranging guanaco (lama guanicoe). | twenty free-ranging guanaco (lama guanicoe) in chubut province, argentina, were immobilized for health evaluations. all but two animals appeared to be in good condition. hematology, serum chemistry, and vitamin and mineral levels were measured, and feces were evaluated for parasites. serology tests included bluetongue, brucellosis, bovine respiratory syncitial virus, bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease, equine herpesvirus 1, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, johne's disease (mycobacterium par ... | 1998 | 9732026 |
| herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy in horses: 11 cases (1982-1996). | to determine results of csf analysis in horses with equid herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (ehm) and to determine whether results of csf analysis were associated with outcome. | 1998 | 9731262 |
| complementation of a replication-defective mutant of equine herpesvirus type 1 by a cell line expressing the immediate-early protein. | equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) possesses a sole, diploid immediate-early (ie) gene that encodes a major regulatory protein of 1487 amino acids capable of modulating expression of both early and late ehv-1 promoters and capable of trans-repressing its own promoter. in this study, a rabbit kidney cell line (ie13.1) that constitutively expresses the ehv-1 ie protein was generated by cotransfection of rabbit kidney (rk-13) cells with the viral ie gene and a neomycin resistance marker. the ie prot ... | 1998 | 9705258 |
| cosolvents facilitate dna synthesis in the herpes simplex virus 1 unique short (us) inverted repeat. | dna synthesis under standard conditions is not successful within a portion of the us1 gene of hsv-1 which is juxtaposed to an 86% g + c-containing tract in the us inverted repeat sequence. we report that the independent addition of specific amounts of at least three different types of cosolvents is capable of facilitating dna synthesis within this g + c-rich region. in addition, this strategy was used to successfully place a specific site-directed mutation in the us1 gene. consideration of these ... | 1998 | 9705174 |
| monitoring and detection of acute viral respiratory tract disease in horses. | to develop a system to monitor and detect acute infections of the upper respiratory tract (i.e., nares, nasopharynx, and pharynx) in horses and to assess the association among specific viral infections, risk factors, and clinical signs of disease. | 1998 | 9702229 |
| diversity of genomic electropherotypes of naturally occurring equine herpesvirus 1 isolates in argentina. | the genomes of 10 equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) strains isolated in argentina from 1979 to 1991, and a japanese hh1 reference strain were compared by restriction endonuclease analysis. two restriction enzymes, bamhi and bglii, were used and analysis of the electropherotypes did not show significant differences among isolates obtained from horses with different clinical signs. this suggests that the ehv-1 isolates studied, which circulated in argentina for more than 10 years, belong to a single ge ... | 1998 | 9698821 |
| phosphorylation of structural components promotes dissociation of the herpes simplex virus type 1 tegument. | the role of phosphorylation in the dissociation of structural components of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) tegument was investigated, using an in vitro assay. addition of physiological concentrations of atp and magnesium to wild-type virions in the presence of detergent promoted the release of vp13/14 and vp22. vp1/2 and the ul13 protein kinase were not significantly solubilized. however, using a virus with an inactivated ul13 protein, we found that the release of vp22 was severely impa ... | 1998 | 9696804 |
| the equid herpesvirus-1 gene 63 is expressed as a leaky late (gamma 1) transcript and is nonessential for replication in vitro. | the regulation of equid herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1) gene 63 was investigated using molecular expression studies and its role in viral growth was identified by constructing a gene 63 mutant virus. metabolic inhibitors were used to show that ehv-1 gene 63 is expressed as a leaky-late (gamma 1) transcript. transient transfections and subsequent chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) reporter assays showed that gene 63 was transactivated by ehv-1 gene 64 (immediate early) protein. an ehv-1 gene 63 mutant ... | 1998 | 9696126 |
| adaptation of equine herpesvirus 1 to unnatural host led to mutation of the gc resulting in increased susceptibility of the virus to heparin. | heparin extensively inhibited infection of mdbk cells by equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) strains adapted to bovine cells or hamsters, while the reagent merely reduced infectivity of strains passaged only in equine cells. the gc of two strains adapted to non-equine cells seemed to have higher affinity for heparin, although the reagent bound to both the gc and gb of all strains tested. amino acid substitutions of the gc of the ehv-1 strains adapted to non-equine cells converged on the hydrophilic reg ... | 1997 | 9672642 |
| immune responses and protective efficacy of recombinant baculovirus-expressed glycoproteins of equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) gb, gc and gd alone or in combinations in balb/c mice. | baculovirus-expressed glycoproteins of ehv-1 gb, gc and gd alone or in combination evoked antibody responses and protected vaccinated mice against a challenge with ehv-1. gb, gd, gb + gc, gb + gd and gc + gd elicited very high levels of elisa antibodies while gc and gc + gd elicited high levels of virus neutralising antibodies. western blotting demonstrated that the antibodies produced were not only specific for the baculovirus-expressed glycoproteins gb, gc and gd, but also highly specific for ... | 1998 | 9646476 |
| in situ study on the pathogenesis and immune reaction of equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) infections in mice. | the mouse model was used to study the pathogenesis of equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) after primary and secondary intranasal infections. within a few hours after infection, ehv-1 was found in nasal and olfactorial epithelium and sub-epithelial cells of the respiratory mucosa, but antigen-specific immune cells were never detected. next to the lung, ehv-1 was transmitted early and directly to the brain, both via the olfactory route and the trigeminal nerve, but traces of degenerative or inflamma ... | 1998 | 9640242 |
| characterization of the cytolytic t-lymphocyte response to a candidate vaccine strain of equine herpesvirus 1 in cba mice. | the cytolytic t-lymphocyte (ctl) response to respiratory infection with equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) in cba (h-2(k)) mice was investigated. intranasal (i.n.) inoculation of mice with the attenuated ehv-1 strain kya resulted in the generation of a primary virus-specific ctl response in the draining mediastinal lymph nodes 5 days following infection. ehv-1-specific ctl could be restimulated from the spleen up to 26 weeks after the resolution of infection, indicating that a long-lived memory ctl po ... | 1998 | 9620990 |
| genomic organization of the canine herpesvirus us region. | canine herpesvirus (chv) is an alpha-herpesvirus of limited pathogenicity in healthy adult dogs and infectivity of the virus appears to be largely limited to cells of canine origin. chv's low virulence and species specificity make it an attractive candidate for a recombinant vaccine vector to protect dogs against a variety of pathogens. as part of the analysis of the chv genome, the authors determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the chv us region as well as portions of the flanking inver ... | 1998 | 9620207 |
| equine herpesvirus-4 glycoprotein g is secreted as a disulphide-linked homodimer and is present as two homodimeric species in the virion. | glycoprotein g (gg) homologues have been found in most alphaherpesviruses although little is known about their structure or function. in this study, three species of equine herpesvirus-4 (ehv-4) gg were identified: a full-length 68 kda virion-associated species (ggvl), a 12 kda virion-associated species (ggvs) and a 60 kda secreted species (ggs), detected in the medium of infected cells. ggs and ggvs appear to be proteolytic cleavage products of ggvl and correspond to the n- and c-terminal regio ... | 1998 | 9603336 |
| the dna sequence of equine herpesvirus-4. | the complete dna sequence of equine herpesvirus-4 (ehv-4) strain ns80567 was determined. the genome is 145597 bp in size and consists of a long unique region (ul, 112398 bp) flanked by a short inverted repeat (trl/irl, 27 bp) linked to a short unique region (us, 12789 bp) flanked by a substantial inverted repeat (trs/irs, 10178 bp). ehv-4 is predicted to contain 76 different genes; three of these are present twice in trs/irs, giving a total of 79 genes. the closely related virus equine herpesvir ... | 1998 | 9603335 |
| study of the protective immunity of co-expressed glycoprotein h and l of equine herpesvirus-1 in a murine intranasal infection model. | equine herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1) glycoproteins h, and l (gh and gl) expressed individually or co-expressed by recombinant baculoviruses were used to immunise balb/c mice prior to intranasal challenge in a murine model of respiratory infection. only the co-expressed material (ehv-1 gh/gl) induced neutralising antibody (low levels). the same immunogen also produced the strongest cellular responses. immunisation with gh/gl and, to a lesser extent, with gh alone was associated with a reduction of virus ... | 1998 | 9595623 |
| cellular transcription factors enhance herpes simplex virus type 1 oris-dependent dna replication. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) origin of dna replication, oris, contains three binding sites for the viral origin binding protein (obp) flanked by transcriptional regulatory elements of the immediate-early genes encoding icp4 and icp22/47. to assess the role of flanking sequences in oris function, plasmids containing oris and either wild-type or mutant flanking sequences were tested in transient dna replication assays. although the icp4 and icp22/47 regulatory regions were shown to enha ... | 1998 | 9557644 |
| nucleotide sequences of glycoprotein i and e genes of equine herpesvirus type 4. | the nucleotide sequences of the glycoprotein i (gi) and e (ge) genes of equine herpesvirus type 4 (ehv-4) strain th20 were determined. the predicted region encoding the ehv-4 gi gene is 1,263 nucleotides, corresponding to a polypeptide of 420 amino acids in length. the predicted region encoding the ehv-4 ge gene is 1,647 nucleotides, corresponding to a polypeptide of 548 amino acids in length. the ehv-4 gi and ge genes show 74% and 85% identity at the amino acid level with those of equine herpes ... | 1998 | 9524947 |
| nucleotide sequence of canine herpesvirus homologues of herpes simplex virus type 1 us2, us3, glycoproteins i and e, us8.5 and us9 genes. | the partial nucleotide sequence of two bamhi fragments that span the unique short region (us), terminal repeat region (tr) and internal repeat region (ir) of canine herpesvirus (chv) has been determined. data obtained revealed several open reading frames (orf's) identified as the us2, us3, gi, ge and us9 homologues of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1). the chv homologues also show significant identity in amino acid sequence with those encoded by feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv1), bovine herpesvi ... | 1997 | 9524817 |
| neonatal equine herpesvirus type 1 infection on a thoroughbred breeding farm. | of 17 foals born on a thoroughbred breeding farm between march and april 1995, infection with equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) was associated with neonatal morbidity in 5 foals, 3 of which died or were euthanized. morbidity and mortality were associated with pulmonary inflammation, and ehv-1 was identified in the lungs of the 3 foals that died. all neonatal ehv-1 infections occurred in foals of mares housed in the same pasture and barn. no other clinical manifestations of ehv-1 infection (e.g., ... | 1998 | 9503358 |
| an equine herpesvirus type 1 recombinant with a deletion in the ge and gi genes is avirulent in young horses. | the cell culture-adapted kya strain of equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) has been found to be attenuated in young horses (matsumura et al., 1996, vet. microbiol. 48, 353-365). the kya strain lacks at least six genes in its genome, including those encoding glycoproteins ge and gi. to elucidate whether ehv-1 glycoproteins ge and gi play a role in viral virulence, we have constructed an ehv-1 recombinant that has the genes encoding both ge and gi deleted from its genome and its revertant. growth pr ... | 1998 | 9501037 |
| eukaryotic elongation factor 1delta is hyperphosphorylated by the protein kinase encoded by the u(l)13 gene of herpes simplex virus 1. | the translation elongation factor 1delta (ef-1delta) consists of two forms, a hypophosphorylated form (apparent mr, 38,000) and a hyperphosphorylated form (apparent mr, 40,000). earlier y. kawaguchi, r. bruni, and b. roizman (j. virol. 71:1019-1024, 1997) reported that whereas mock-infected cells accumulate the hypophosphorylated form, the hyperphosphorylated form of ef-1delta accumulates in cells infected with herpes simplex virus 1. we now report that the accumulation of the hyperphosphorylate ... | 1998 | 9499021 |
| sequences of the ribonucleotide reductase-encoding genes of felid herpesvirus 1 and molecular phylogenetic analysis. | the felid herpesvirus 1 (fhv-1) genes encoding the two ribonucleotide reductase (rr) subunits (rr1, large subunit and rr2, small subunit) were cloned and their nucleotide (nt) sequence determined. the rr1 open reading frame (orf) is 2358 nts long and is predicted to encode a protein of 786 amino acids (aa). in common with herpesviruses in the varicellovirus genus of the alphaherpesvirus subfamily, fhv-1 rr1 lacks the n-terminal serine threonine protein kinase region present in herpes simplex vir ... | 1997 | 9482586 |
| the use of baypamun n in crowding associated infectious respiratory disease: efficacy of baypamun n (freeze dried product) in 4-10 month old horses. | the efficacy of an immunomodulator, baypamun n, was tested in 4-10-month-old horses which were exposed to stress by weaning, transport and commingling with yearlings from different breeders (crowding). verum (n = 26) and placebo animals (n = 27) received three intramuscular injections of the investigational preparations (days 0, 2, 9) starting at the day of commingling in one stable. the incidence of acute respiratory disease was high during the first 4 weeks after commingling. approximately 50% ... | 1997 | 9451942 |
| the bovine herpesvirus type 1 ul3.5 open reading frame encodes a virion structural protein. | the bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) open reading frame (orf) ul3.5 is similar to orfs found in pseudorabies virus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, equine herpesvirus type 1, and varicella zoster virus, but clearly absent from herpes simplex virus. the published sequence for this orf predicts a 126-amino-acid (13.2 kda) protein product with an isoelectric point of 12.3. we confirmed the ul3.5 sequence, expressed the orf as a glutathione-s-transferase fusion protein, and made rabbit antibodi ... | 1998 | 9448691 |
| pathogenesis and clinical signs of equine herpesvirus-1 in experimentally infected ponies in vivo. | equine herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1) causes respiratory disease, neonatal death, abortion and neurologic disease. the main purpose of this study was to identify viral antigen in respiratory tract samples by immunoperoxidase staining. six pony foals were selected on the basis of demonstrating seronegativity to ehv-1 by virus neutralization and housed in isolation. they were infected experimentally by administering ehv-1 nebulized ultrasonically through a face mask. successful infection was clinically app ... | 1998 | 9442940 |
| equine herpesvirus 1 mutants devoid of glycoprotein b or m are apathogenic for mice but induce protection against challenge infection. | equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) mutants devoid of the open reading frames (orfs) of either glycoprotein (g) b or m were constructed and tested for their immunogenic potential in a murine model of ehv-1 infection. the mutant viruses were engineered using the virulent ehv-1 strain racl11 or the modified live vaccine strain rach by inserting the escherichia coli lacz gene into the viral orfs. racl11-infected mice showed signs typical of an ehv-1 infection, whereas mice infected with the ehv-1 gb- or g ... | 1997 | 9426444 |
| sequencing of a 5.5-kb dna fragment and identification of a gene coding for a subunit of the helicase/primase complex of avian laryngotracheitis virus (iltv). | the nucleotide sequence of a 5,520-bp ecori restriction fragment of avian infectious laryngotracheitis (iltv) dna was reported and submitted to genebank with an accession number of af001078. computer prediction revealed one large potential open reading frame (orf) with sequence similar to one subunit of the dna helicase-primase complex of alpha-herpesviruses. the dna helicase/primase complex of hsv-1 consists of three sub-units with molecular weights of 12,000, 97,000 and 70,000, encoded by gene ... | 1997 | 9421876 |
| antibodies against equine herpesviruses in free-ranging mountain zebras from namibia. | twenty-one blood samples of free-ranging mountain zebras (equus zebra) from namibia were tested for equine herpesvirus (ehv-1, -2, -3, -4) specific antibodies by immunofluorescence assay (ifa) and neutralization test (nt). additionally, type-specific nested polymerase chain reactions (nested pcr) were employed for detection of ehv-1, -2 and -4 dna. equine herpesvirus-1 antibodies were detected by ifa in all zebras, while only seven serum samples contained ehv-4 ifa antibodies. sera with high ifa ... | 1997 | 9391966 |
| tyrosine phosphorylation of the herpes simplex virus type 1 regulatory protein icp22 and a cellular protein which shares antigenic determinants with icp22. | at least eight herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and five hsv-2 proteins were tyrosine phosphorylated in infected cells. the first viral tyrosine phosphoprotein identified was the hsv-1 regulatory protein icp22. also, two novel phosphotyrosine proteins were bound by anti-icp22 antibodies. h(r22) is a cellular protein, while the f(r10) protein is observed only in hsv-1-infected cells. | 1997 | 9371655 |
| the pseudorabies virus ul28 protein enters the nucleus after coexpression with the herpes simplex virus ul15 protein. | herpesvirus dna is packaged into capsids in the nuclei of infected cells in a process requiring at least six viral proteins. of the proteins required for encapsidation of viral dna, ul15 and ul28 are the most conserved among herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv), varicella-zoster virus, and equine herpesvirus 1. the subcellular distribution of the pseudorabies virus (prv) ul28 protein was examined by in situ immunofluorescence. ul28 was present in the nuclei of infected cells; however, ul28 was limi ... | 1997 | 9371568 |
| the nucleotidylylation of herpes simplex virus 1 regulatory protein alpha22 by human casein kinase ii. | the products of the alpha genes of herpes simplex virus 1, the infected cells proteins (icp) 0, 4, 22, and 27 perform regulatory functions, are nucleotidylylated, and share the signaling or recognition sequence (rr(a/t)(p/s)r) that correctly predicted the nucleotidylylation of viral proteins encoded by ul21, ul31, ul49, and ul47 genes expressed later in infection. extracts from uninfected hela cells or casein kinase ii purified from sea star nucleotidylylated the icp22 moiety of a glutathione s- ... | 1997 | 9312161 |
| the pathogenesis of ed71, a defined deletion mutant of equine herpesvirus-1, in a murine intranasal infection model for equine abortion. | a series of mutants of equine herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1) which contain deletions in non-essential genes was previously characterized in a murine intranasal infection model. one mutant, ed71 which was shown to be attenuated in the model, was further characterized by inoculation into pregnant mice. despite the attenuation previously reported, intranasal inoculation of pregnant mice resulted in premature parturition and the birth of dead or dying foetuses. furthermore, mice inoculated before pregnancy w ... | 1997 | 9292003 |
| use of transabdominal ultrasound-guided amniocentesis for detection of equid herpesvirus 1-induced fetal infection in utero. | to evaluate transabdominal ultrasound-guided amniocentesis for detection of equid herpes-virus 1 (ehv-1)-induced fetal infection in utero. | 1997 | 9285004 |
| high level expression of equine herpesvirus 1 glycoproteins d and h and their role in protection against virus challenge in the c3h (h-2kk) murine model. | n and c-terminal truncated forms of equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv 1) glycoproteins gd and gh were expressed in baculovirus resulting in the production of secreted recombinant proteins. a carboxy-terminal histidine tag was included on each of the genes for protein isolation by nickel affinity chromatography. recombinant gd was recognized by three gd specific monoclonal antibodies, 20c4, 5h6 and f3132. f3132 is a conformationally dependent monoclonal antibody with virus neutralizing activity. expressi ... | 1997 | 9282781 |
| the ul13 protein kinase and the infected cell type are determinants of posttranslational modification of icp0. | the herpes simplex virus infected-cell protein 0 (icp0) acts as a promiscuous transactivator of genes introduced into eukaryotic cells by transfection or infection. the protein is highly posttranslationally modified by phosphorylation and nucleotidylylation. we have examined the electrophoretic mobility and phosphorylation of icp0 in vero and rabbit skin cells infected with wild-type virus or viruses from which the ul13 gene (deltaul13) encoding a protein kinase or the alpha22/us1.5 genes (delta ... | 1997 | 9281521 |
| cell-mediated cytolysis of equine herpesvirus-infected cells by leukocytes from young vaccinated horses. | the objective of this study was to determine whether the administration of modified-live equine herpesvirus (ehv-1) to young horses with residual maternal antibodies stimulated ehv-specific cytolytic responses, and whether these responses were crossreactive between ehv-1 and ehv-4. eighteen clinically normal belgian cross-foals were used in the study and were commingled in two adjacent pens. skin biopsies were harvested from 16 foals within 24 h of birth and fibroblast cultures were established, ... | 1997 | 9261959 |
| herpesviral abortion in domestic animals. | abortion or neonatal disease may follow infection with several alpha, beta and gamma-herpesviruses. the alpha-herpesvirus, equid herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1), causes single or epizootic abortions or neonatal deaths in equids, and the closely related virus ehv-4 causes sporadic equine abortions. in cattle, the alpha-herpesviruses, bovine herpesvirus-1 (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus) and bovine herpesvirus-5 (bovine encephalitis virus), and a gamma-herpesvirus, bovine herpesvirus-4, have all be ... | 1997 | 9232116 |
| restriction endonuclease analysis of equine herpesvirus-1 isolates recovered in ontario, 1986-1992, from aborted, stillborn, and neonatal foals. | ninety-two equine herpesvirus type 1 isolates were recovered from aborted, stillborn, or neonatal foals from ontario, canada, from 1986 to 1992. from this total, 32 strains were randomly chosen for further study. four or 5 isolates from each winter were selected, each from a different premises, and characterized by restriction enzyme analysis using bamhi, kpni, bglii, hindiii, and ecori. additional isolates from 2 premises and from a zebra foal were also assessed. for the strains isolated in 198 ... | 1997 | 9211232 |
| equine dendritic cell infection with equid herpesvirus type 1 reduces their ability to support mitogenic t cell proliferation. | 1997 | 9191327 | |
| the icp0 protein of equine herpesvirus 1 is an early protein that independently transactivates expression of all classes of viral promoters. | to assess the role of the equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) icp0 protein (eicp0) in gene regulation, a variety of molecular studies on the eicp0 gene and gene products of both the attenuated cell culture-adapted kentucky a (kya) strain and the ab4p strain were conducted. these investigations revealed that (i) the icp0 open reading frame (orf) of the kya virus strain is 1,257 bp in size and would encode a protein of 419 amino acids, and in comparison to the icp0 gene (orf63) of the ab4p strain of ... | 1997 | 9188552 |
| synthesis and processing of the equine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein m. | in a previous report, the function of the equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) glycoprotein m (gm) homolog was investigated. it was shown that ehv-1 gm is involved in both virus entry and direct cell-to-cell spread of infection (n. osterrieder et al., j. virol. 70, 4110-4115, 1996). in this study, experiments were conducted to analyze the synthesis, posttranslational processing, and the putative ion channel function of ehv-1 gm. it was demonstrated that ehv-1 gm is synthesized as an mr 44,000 polypeptid ... | 1997 | 9185606 |
| cardio-histopathological observations on aborted equine fetuses infected with equid herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1). | twenty-five aborted equine fetuses infected with equid herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) were examined cardio-histopathologically. the main changes in the heart consisted of interstitial myocarditis and intramyocardial vascular lesions accompanied by degeneration and necrosis of the cardiac myocytes. vascular pathology of intramyocardial small arteries and arterioles was characterized by endothelial cell necrosis and fibrinoid changes in the media. eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies characteristic o ... | 1997 | 9179750 |
| transforming growth factor-beta induced by live or ultraviolet-inactivated equid herpes virus type-1 mediates immunosuppression in the horse. | up to 21 days after exposure to live or ultraviolet-inactivated equid herpesvirus type-1 (ehv-1) autologous serum from ponies caused an immunosuppressive effect if incorporated into t-cell proliferation assays to ehv-1. the suppressive factor in the sera of ponies also inhibited t-cell response to phytohaemagglutinin. increased levels of circulating activated transforming growth factor-beta 1 (tgf-beta 1) were detected, and the suppressive activity of the serum could be reversed by antibody to t ... | 1997 | 9176113 |
| sequence analysis of the bovine herpesvirus type 1 genes homologous to the dna polymerase (ul30), the major dna-binding protein (ul29) and icp18.5 assembly protein (ul28) genes of herpes simplex virus. | the nucleotide sequence of a 10.5 kb region (map position 0.332 to 0.410) of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) was determined. this region contained three open reading frames (orfs) homologous to herpes simplex virus dna polymerase catalytic subunit (dnapol, ul30), major dna-binding protein (mdbp, ul29) and icp18.5 assembly protein (icp18.5, ul28). the bhv-1 dnapol. mdbp and icp18.5 orfs were 1246, 1203 and 826 amino acids long with a calculated molecular mass of 134.2 kda, 124.4 kda and 86.9 kd ... | 1997 | 9155875 |