Publications

production of a fragment of glycoprotein g of herpes simplex virus type 2 and evaluation of its diagnostic potential.	herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is the most common cause of genital herpes. glycoprotein g (gg) is a prototype antigen for type-specific serodiagnosis distinguishing between hsv type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 infections. as immunological diagnosis kits for accurate differentiation between hsv-1 and hsv-2 antibodies can be expensive, there is a need to develop a convenient, sensitive, specific and cost-effective serodiagnostic kit.	2015	25532518
the impact of school subsidies on hiv-related outcomes among adolescent female orphans.	we examine effects of school support as a structural hiv prevention intervention for adolescent female orphans in zimbabwe after 5 years.	2015	25530603
unpacking the 'black box' of total pathogen burden: is number or type of pathogens most predictive of all-cause mortality in the united states?	a 'black box' paradigm has prevailed in which researchers have focused on the association between the total number of pathogens for which individuals are seropositive (i.e. total pathogen burden) and various chronic diseases, while largely ignoring the role that seropositivity for specific combinations of pathogens may play in the aetiology of such outcomes and consequently mortality. we examined the association between total pathogen burden as well as specific pathogen combinations and all-caus ...	2015	25518978
congenital disseminated hsv-1 infection in preterm twins after primary gingivostomatitis of the mother: case report and review of the literature.	transplacental transmission of hsv infection is rare, typically associated with herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) and often reported in term infants, whereas only a few cases of preterm infants with herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) infection are found in the literature. we report the case of a transplacental hsv-1 infection in preterm twins born at 27 weeks gestation. at 23 weeks gestation the mother had experienced primary gingivostomatitis and "flu-like" symptoms, which healed without specific trea ...	2014	25518832
evaluation of 2 multiplex real-time pcr assays for the detection of hsv-1/2 and varicella zoster virus directly from clinical samples.	we compared the performance of 2 multiplex assays (focus simplexa and quidel lyra) to individual real-time pcr for the detection of herpes simplex virus-1 (hsv-1), hsv-2, and varicella zoster virus (vzv) from clinical specimens. results were compared to a consensus standard, defined as the result obtained by at least 2 of the 3 molecular methods. the sensitivity of the quidel assay ranged from 92.0% for hsv-1 to 97.7% for hsv-2, while the specificity for all targets was 100%. the focus assay dem ...	2015	25511233
chronic meningitis in systemic lupus erythematosus: an unusual etiology.	chronic aseptic meningitis is a rare manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (sle). apart from immunological causes and drugs, the aseptic meningitis group can include some unidentified viral infections that cannot be detected by routine microbiological testing. it is imperative to do complete cerebrospinal fluid (csf) workup before implicating the symptoms to disease activity or drugs, as untreated infections cause significant mortality in sle. we present a case of young female with sle w ...	2014	25506165
correlates of prevalent hiv infection among adults and adolescents in the kisumu incidence cohort study, kisumu, kenya.	we estimated hiv prevalence and identified correlates of hiv infection among 1106 men and women aged 16-34 years residing in kisumu, kenya. demographic, sexual, and other behavioural data were collected using audio computer-assisted self-interview in conjunction with a medical examination, real-time parallel rapid hiv testing, and laboratory testing for pregnancy, gonorrhoea, chlamydia, syphilis, and herpes simplex virus type 2. multivariate logistic regression was used to identify variables ass ...	2015	25505039
the impact of brief messages on hsv-2 screening uptake among female defendants in a court setting: a randomized controlled trial utilizing prospect theory.	epidemiologic data demonstrate that women involved with the criminal justice system in the united states are at high risk for sexually transmitted infections, including herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2). female defendants were recruited from a misdemeanor court to assess whether brief framed messages utilizing prospect theory could encourage testing for hsv-2. participants were randomly assigned to a message condition (gain, loss, or control), completed an interviewer-administered survey asses ...	2015	25494832
virus-specific immune memory at peripheral sites of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection in guinea pigs.	despite its importance in modulating hsv-2 pathogenesis, the nature of tissue-resident immune memory to hsv-2 is not completely understood. we used genital hsv-2 infection of guinea pigs to assess the type and location of hsv-specific memory cells at peripheral sites of hsv-2 infection. hsv-specific antibody-secreting cells were readily detected in the spleen, bone marrow, vagina/cervix, lumbosacral sensory ganglia, and spinal cord of previously-infected animals. memory b cells were detected pri ...	2014	25485971
herpes virus microrna expression and significance in serous ovarian cancer.	serous ovarian cancer (seoc) is the deadliest gynecologic malignancy. micrornas (mirnas) are a class of small noncoding rnas which regulate gene expression and protein translation. mirnas are also encoded by viruses with the intent of regulating their own genes and those of the infected cells. this is the first study assessing viral mirnas in seoc. mirnas sequencing data from 487 seoc patients were downloaded from the tcga website and analyzed through in-house sequencing pipeline. to cross-valid ...	2014	25485872
comparison of the simplexa hsv1 & 2 direct kit and laboratory-developed real-time pcr assays for herpes simplex virus detection.	rapid detection and differentiation of herpes simplex viruses (hsv) is important for patient management and treatment, especially in hsv meningoencephalitis.	2015	25464965
tetherin restricts hsv-2 release and is counteracted by multiple viral glycoproteins.	tetherin has been defined as a restriction factor of hiv-1 and several other enveloped viruses. however, the significance of tetherin in viral infection remains to be further addressed. here, we investigated whether tetherin plays a role in hsv-2 infection. our study revealed that overexpression of tetherin restricted the release of hsv-2 into the extracellular medium, while knockdown of tetherin by sirna enhanced its release. we further demonstrated that hsv-2 infection and viral glycoproteins ...	2015	25462350
an hsv-2 based oncolytic virus can function as an attractant to guide migration of adoptively transferred t cells to tumor sites.	adoptive t-cell therapy has shown promises for cancer treatment. however, for treating solid tumors, there is a need for improving the ability of the adoptively transferred t cells to home to tumor sites. we explored the possibility of using an oncolytic virus derived from hsv-2, which can actively pull t effector cells to the site of infection, as a local attractant for migration of adoptively transferred t cells. our data show that intratumoral administration of this virus can indeed attract a ...	2015	25460506
herpes simplex virus infection during pregnancy.	genital herpes in pregnancy continues to cause significant maternal morbidity, with an increasing number of infections being due to oral-labial transmission of herpes simplex virus (hsv)-1. near delivery, primary infections with hsv-1 or hsv-2 carry the highest risk of neonatal herpes infection, which is a rare but potentially devastating disease for otherwise healthy newborns. prevention efforts have been limited by lack of an effective intervention for preventing primary infections and the unc ...	2014	25454993
fungal metabolite myriocin promotes human herpes simplex virus-2 infection.	myriocin is a fungal metabolite with antiviral activity, including influenza, hepatitis b, and hepatitis c viruses. we investigated whether myriocin has activity against human hsv-2, one of the most prevalent pathogens of sexually transmitted disease.	2015	25447452
the challenges and opportunities for the development of a t-cell epitope-based herpes simplex vaccine.	herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (hsv-1 & hsv-2) infections have been prevalent since the ancient greek times. to this day, they still affect a staggering number of over a billion individuals worldwide. hsv-1 infections are predominant than hsv-2 infections and cause potentially blinding ocular herpes, oro-facial herpes and encephalitis. hsv-2 infections cause painful genital herpes, encephalitis, and death in newborns. while prophylactic and therapeutic hsv vaccines remain urgently needed ...	2014	25446827
[microbicides for preventing sexually transmitted infections: current status and strategies for preclinical evaluation of new candidates].	microbicides are a new tool, still under investigation, which could help prevent infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and other sexually transmitted infections (stis). increasing evidence shows that the complexity of sexual transmission of viral pathogens requires the identification of compounds able to block the early events during the cycle of viral infection. in this manuscript we provide a comprehensive review of the different microbicide strategies that have been studied or a ...	2014	25444135
recreational drug use and risks of hiv and sexually transmitted infections among chinese men who have sex with men: mediation through multiple sexual partnerships.	recreational drug use (rdu) may result in sexual disinhibition and higher risk for hiv and other sexually transmitted infections (stis) among men who have sex with men (msm) in china. we assessed whether rdu was associated with hiv, syphilis, and herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) within the context of multiple sexual partnerships and unprotected sex.	2014	25443542
a case report of herpetic whitlow with positive kanavel's cardinal signs: a diagnostic and treatment difficulty.	herpetic whitlow is an acute viral infection of the hand caused by either herpes simplex virus (hsv) 1 or 2. its characteristic findings are significant pain and erythema with overlying nonpurulent vesicles. the differential diagnosis includes flexor tenosynovitis. we present a case of recurrent infection of the middle finger in an immunocompetent 19-year-old girl. multiple painful pustules with tracking cellulitis were partially treated by oral antibiotics. a recurrence with positive kanavel's ...	2014	25436164
comparative performance of the kalon and herpeselect enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays to determine the prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 in papua new guinea.	background infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is common worldwide and an important risk factor for hiv infection. aetiological diagnosis of hsv-2 is typically determined with the use of commercially available type-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas). this study aimed to determine the prevalence of hsv-2 among people attending sexual health clinics in the highlands of papua new guinea. the study also aimed to compare the performance of two type-specific elisa assa ...	2014	25435194
herpes simplex virus 2 infects human endothelial ecv304 cells and induces cell apoptosis synergistically with ox-ldl.	virus infection has been shown to accelerate atherosclerosis. serological studies indicate a link between the herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection and atherosclerosis, which is initiated and progression of which is promoted by such factors as oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-ldl)-induced endothelial dysfunction. in order to recognize the direct role of hsv-2 in endothelial dysfunction, the present study investigated the infection of hsv-2 in endothelial ecv304 cells and the induction of cell ...	2014	25421969
host nectin-1 is required for efficient chlamydia trachomatis serovar e development.	interaction of herpes simplex virus (hsv) glycoprotein d (gd) with the host cell surface during chlamydia trachomatis/hsv co-infection stimulates chlamydiae to become persistent. during viral entry, gd interacts with one of 4 host co-receptors: hvem (herpes virus entry mediator), nectin-1, nectin-2 and 3-o-sulfated heparan sulfate. hvem and nectin-1 are high-affinity entry receptors for both hsv-1 and hsv-2. nectin-2 mediates hsv-2 entry but is inactive for hsv-1, while 3-o-sulfated heparan sulf ...	2014	25414835
[infections caused by human alpha herpes viruses].	varicella-zoster virus (vzv), herpes simplex virus one (hsv-1) and herpes simplex virus two (hsv-2) represent three out of the eight known human herpesviruses and belong to the subfamily of α-herpesviruses. these viruses are present worldwide and humans are their sole host and reservoir. after the primary infection, these viruses persist in the body throughout life. the period of latency may be interrupted by reactivation of infection due to various factors. each virus can induce a wide spectrum ...	2014	25412485
human semen contains exosomes with potent anti-hiv-1 activity.	exosomes are membranous nanovesicles secreted into the extracellular milieu by diverse cell types. exosomes facilitate intercellular communication, modulate cellular pheno/genotype, and regulate microbial pathogenesis. although human semen contains exosomes, their role in regulating infection with viruses that are sexually transmitted remains unknown. in this study, we used semen exosomes purified from healthy human donors to evaluate the role of exosomes on the infectivity of different strains ...	2014	25407601
the role of human dendritic cells in hiv-1 infection.	dendritic cells (dcs) and their subsets have multifaceted roles in the early stages of hiv-1 transmission and infection. dc studies have led to remarkable discoveries, including identification of restriction factors, cellular structures promoting viral transmission including the infectious synapse or the interplay of the c-type lectins, langerin on langerhans cells (lcs), and dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin on other dc subsets, limiting or facilita ...	2015	25407434
mycoplasma genitalium is associated with increased genital hiv type 1 rna in zimbabwean women.	mycoplasma genitalium is a common sexually transmitted infection associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. some studies suggest that m. genitalium may increase the risk of hiv acquisition. however, results have been inconsistent, and this association has never been examined longitudinally.	2015	25404521
prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases and risk behaviors from the nimh collaborative hiv/std prevention trial.	this cross-sectional study describes the baseline prevalence and correlates of common bacterial and viral sexually transmitted diseases (stds) and risk behaviors among individuals at high risk for hiv recruited in five low- and middle-income countries. correlations of risk behaviors and demographic factors with prevalent stds and the association of stds with hiv prevalence are examined. between 2,212 and 5,543 participants were recruited in each of five countries (china, india, peru, russia, and ...	2010	25400718
herpes simplex virus type 2 serostatus is not associated with inflammatory or metabolic markers in antiretroviral therapy-treated hiv.	systemic inflammation and immune activation may persist in hiv-infected persons on suppressive combination antiretroviral therapy (cart) and contribute to adverse health outcomes. we compared markers of immune activation, inflammation, and abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism in hiv-infected adults according to herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) serostatus in a 6-month observational cohort study in toronto, canada. hiv-infected adults on suppressive (viral load <50 copies/ml) cart were categor ...	2015	25399537
hsv1 and 2 detection in the csf of multiple sclerosis patients by real-time pcr.	the pathogenic role of herpes simplex virus (hsv) 1 and 2 in multiple sclerosis (ms) still remains obscure. the aim of our study was the assessment of hsv1 and 2 dna prevalence in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of ms patients compared to patients with other neurological disorders (ond).	2014	25398824
anti-glycoprotein g antibodies of herpes simplex virus 2 contribute to complete protection after vaccination in mice and induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-mediated cytolysis.	we investigated the role of antibodies against the mature portion of glycoprotein g (mgg-2) of herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) in protective immunity after vaccination. mice were immunized intramuscularly with mgg-2 and oligodeoxynucleotides containing two cpg motifs plus alum as adjuvant. all c57bl/6 mice survived and presented no genital or systemic disease. high levels of immunoglobulin g subclass 1 (igg1) and igg2 antibodies were detected and re-stimulated splenic cd4+ t cells proliferated an ...	2014	25398047
analysis of human papillomavirus and herpes simplex virus genus -2 from patients with cervical cancer in isfahan, iran.	although cervical uterine cancer is a second form of cancer among women, but it occupies fifth form among all cancer types.	2014	25395883
frosted branch angiitis secondary to herpes simplex virus infection progressing to acute retinal necrosis.	to describe a case of frosted branch angiitis secondary to herpes simplex virus type 2 infection that progressed to acute retinal necrosis.	2009	25390834
kyrieleis plaques associated with acute retinal necrosis from herpes simplex virus type 2.	to present the case of a 19-year-old woman with acute retinal necrosis syndrome due to herpes simplex virus type 2, who developed segmental periarterial (kyrieleis) plaques six and one half weeks into her clinical course.	2011	25390418
animal models of herpes simplex virus immunity and pathogenesis.	herpes simplex viruses are ubiquitous human pathogens represented by two distinct serotypes: herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 (hsv-1); and hsv type 2 (hsv-2). in the general population, adult seropositivity rates approach 90% for hsv-1 and 20-25% for hsv-2. these viruses cause significant morbidity, primarily as mucosal membrane lesions in the form of facial cold sores and genital ulcers, with much less common but more severe manifestations causing death from encephalitis. hsv infections in hum ...	2015	25388226
herpes simplex virus type 2 among mobile pastoralists in northwestern namibia.	although herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) epidemiology has been described for many western and/or urban populations, disease burden has not been characterized for remote, non-western, under treated populations, where patterns of risk and vulnerability may be very different.	2015	25387244
antiviral activity of a single-domain antibody immunotoxin binding to glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus 2.	despite years of research dedicated to preventing the sexual transmission of herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2), there is still no protective vaccine or microbicide against one of the most common sexually transmitted infections in the world. using a phage display library constructed from a llama immunized with recombinant hsv-2 glycoprotein d, we identified a single-domain antibody vhh, r33, which binds to the viral surface glycoprotein d. although r33 does not demonstrate any hsv-2 neutralization a ...	2015	25385102
acute retinal necrosis in a neonate.	to report an unusual case of dizygotic twins, in whom one neonate developed acute retinal necrosis from herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 2.	2013	25383815
discordance of hiv and hsv-2 biomarkers and self-reported sexual behaviour among orphan adolescents in western kenya.	this paper examines the discordance between biological data of hiv and herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infections and self-reported questionnaire responses among orphan adolescents in western kenya.	2015	25378660
development of a time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay for herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 igg antibodies.	enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) specific for anti-hsv glycoprotein g (gg) are most commonly used in the clinical diagnosis of hsv infection. but most of them are qualitative and with narrow detection ranges. a novel time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (trfia) methodology was developed for the quantitative determination of hsv igg in human serum. the assay was based on an indirect immunoassay format, and performed in 96-well microtiter plates. hsv-1 and hsv-2 were used as the coating antig ...	2015	25377426
herpes simplex virus-2 genital tract shedding is not predictable over months or years in infected persons.	herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2) is a chronic reactivating infection that leads to recurrent shedding episodes in the genital tract. a minority of episodes are prolonged, and associated with development of painful ulcers. however, currently, available tools poorly predict viral trajectories and timing of reactivations in infected individuals. we employed principal components analysis (pca) and singular value decomposition (svd) to interpret hsv-2 genital tract shedding time series data, as well as ...	2014	25375183
acute retinal necrosis secondary to multidrug-resistant herpes simplex virus 2 in an immunocompetent adolescent.	to report the clinical course of a patient with acute retinal necrosis resulting from a multidrug-resistant strain of herpes simplex virus 2.	2014	25372523
etiologic agents of central nervous system infections among febrile hospitalized patients in the country of georgia.	there is a large spectrum of viral, bacterial, fungal, and prion pathogens that cause central nervous system (cns) infections. as such, identification of the etiological agent requires multiple laboratory tests and accurate diagnosis requires clinical and epidemiological information. this hospital-based study aimed to determine the main causes of acute meningitis and encephalitis and enhance laboratory capacity for cns infection diagnosis.	2014	25369023
antiherpetic mechanism of a sulfated derivative of agaricus brasiliensis fruiting bodies polysaccharide.	to study the anti-herpes simplex virus (hsv) activity of a (1→6)-(1→3)-β-d-glucan isolated from agaricus brasiliensis fruiting bodies (fr) as well as its chemically sulfated derivative (fr-s).	2014	25359160
antiviral activity of basidiomycete mycelia against influenza type a (serotype h1n1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 in cell culture.	in this study, we investigated the in vitro antiviral activity of the mycelia of higher mushrooms against influenza virus type a (serotype h1n1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), strain bh. all 10 investigated mushroom species inhibited the reproduction of influenza virus strain a/fm/1/47 (h1n1) in mdck cells reducing the infectious titer by 2.0-6.0 lg id50. four species, pleurotus ostreatus, fomes fomentarius, auriporia aurea, and trametes versicolor, were also determined to be effective ...	2014	25358999
simultaneous detection of herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 in the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with seizures and encephalitis.	we report a case of a 62-year-old female with seizures and encephalitis. molecular testing of the patient's cerebrospinal fluid was positive for both herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2). to our knowledge, this is the first report of simultaneous detection of hsv-1 and hsv-2 in cerebrospinal fluid.	2015	25355765
short communication: a repeated simian human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase/herpes simplex virus type 2 cochallenge macaque model for the evaluation of microbicides.	epidemiological studies suggest that prevalent herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection increases the risk of hiv acquisition, underscoring the need to develop coinfection models to evaluate promising prevention strategies. we previously established a single high-dose vaginal coinfection model of simian human immunodeficiency virus (shiv)/hsv-2 in depo-provera (dp)-treated macaques. however, this model does not appropriately mimic women's exposure. repeated limiting dose shiv challenge mode ...	2014	25354024
[elsberg syndrome].	a syndrome involving acute urinary retention in combination with sacral radiculitis and cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis was first described by the american neurosurgeon charles elsberg in 1931. in many instances the aetiology is herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) reactivation from sensory neurons. in this case report we present a 34-year-old pregnant woman with previous undiagnosed sensory lumbosacral symptoms. she was hospitalized with hsv-2 meningitis and lumbosacral radiculitis but no genita ...	2013	25353608
modulation of cd112 by the alphaherpesvirus gd protein suppresses dnam-1-dependent nk cell-mediated lysis of infected cells.	natural killer (nk) cells are key players in the innate response to viruses, including herpesviruses. in particular, the variety of viral strategies to modulate the recognition of certain herpesviruses witnesses the importance of nk cells in the control of this group of viruses. still, nk evasion strategies have remained largely elusive for the largest herpesvirus subfamily, the alphaherpesviruses. here, we report that the gd glycoprotein of the alphaherpesviruses pseudorabies virus (prv) and he ...	2014	25352670
a single intramuscular vaccination of mice with the hsv-1 vc2 virus with mutations in the glycoprotein k and the membrane protein ul20 confers full protection against lethal intravaginal challenge with virulent hsv-1 and hsv-2 strains.	herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) and type-2 (hsv-2) establish life-long infections and cause significant orofacial and genital infections in humans. hsv-1 is the leading cause of infectious blindness in the western world. currently, there are no available vaccines to protect against herpes simplex infections. recently, we showed that a single intramuscular immunization with an hsv-1(f) mutant virus lacking expression of the viral glycoprotein k (gk), which prevents the virus from entering int ...	2014	25350288
entry mechanisms of herpes simplex virus 1 into murine epidermis: involvement of nectin-1 and herpesvirus entry mediator as cellular receptors.	skin keratinocytes represent a primary entry site for herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) in vivo. the cellular proteins nectin-1 and herpesvirus entry mediator (hvem) act as efficient receptors for both serotypes of hsv and are sufficient for disease development mediated by hsv-2 in mice. how hsv-1 enters skin and whether both nectin-1 and hvem are involved are not known. we addressed the impact of nectin-1 during entry of hsv-1 into murine epidermis and investigated the putative contribution of hve ...	2015	25320325
topical herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) vaccination with human papillomavirus vectors expressing gb/gd ectodomains induces genital-tissue-resident memory cd8+ t cells and reduces genital disease and viral shedding after hsv-2 challenge.	no herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) vaccine has been licensed for use in humans. hsv-2 glycoproteins b (gb) and d (gd) are targets of neutralizing antibodies and t cells, but clinical trials involving intramuscular (i.m.) injection of hsv-2 gb and gd in adjuvants have not been effective. here we evaluated intravaginal (ivag) genetic immunization of c57bl/6 mice with a replication-defective human papillomavirus pseudovirus (hpv psv) expressing hsv-2 gb (hpv-gb) or gd (hpv-gd) constructs to target d ...	2015	25320297
human herpesviruses-encoded dutpases: a family of proteins that modulate dendritic cell function and innate immunity.	we have previously shown that epstein-barr virus (ebv)-encoded dutpase can modulate innate immune responses through the activation of tlr2 and nf-κb signaling. however, whether this novel immune function of the dutpase is specific for ebv or a common property of the herpesviridae family is not known. in this study, we demonstrate that the purified viral dutpases encoded by herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), human herpesvirus-6a (hhv-6a), human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8) and varicella-zoster virus ( ...	2014	25309527
psychological distress, emotional stability, and emotion regulation moderate dynamics of herpes simplex virus type 2 recurrence.	herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) genital lesion recurrence is modulated by psychological factors, but no such link with viral shedding (and thus asymptomatic transmission) has been observed in humans.	2015	25293405
[immune diagnostics of disorders in the ifn-alpha/nk-cell system in patients with frequently recurrent herpes simplex].	study of features of nk-cell response to the effect of recombinant ifn-alpha in complex with evaluation of the ability to synthesize inherent ifn-alpha in patients with frequently recurrent herpes simplex (frhs).	2015	25286509
development and optimization of a real-time pcr assay for detection of herpes simplex and varicella-zoster viruses in skin and mucosal lesions by use of the bd max open system.	we transitioned laboratory-developed pcr assays for herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1), hsv-2, and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) to the bd max system by using bd max open system reagents. after optimization, the agreement with the reference pcr assay was 100% (123/123) for hsv-1, 96.7% (119/123) for hsv-2, and 100% (60/60) for vzv using retrospective clinical samples.	2014	25275002
rapid and direct detection of herpes simplex virus in cerebrospinal fluid by use of a commercial real-time pcr assay.	central nervous system infection due to herpes simplex virus (hsv) is a medical emergency and requires rapid diagnosis and initiation of therapy. in this study, we compared a routine real-time pcr assay for hsv types 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2) to a recently fda-approved direct pcr assay (simplexa hsv-1/2 direct; focus diagnostics, cypress, ca) using cerebrospinal fluid samples (n = 100). the simplexa hsv-1/2 assays demonstrated a combined sensitivity and specificity of 96.2% (50/52) and 97.9% (47/4 ...	2014	25274992
the role of antiviral therapy in immunocompromised patients with herpes simplex virus meningitis.	herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) are important causes of acute neurologic illness. although the role of acyclovir in treating hsv encephalitis is clear, the role of antiviral therapy in hsv meningitis remains controversial.	2015	25273082
inhibitors of nucleotidyltransferase superfamily enzymes suppress herpes simplex virus replication.	herpesviruses are large double-stranded dna viruses that cause serious human diseases. herpesvirus dna replication depends on multiple processes typically catalyzed by nucleotidyltransferase superfamily (nts) enzymes. therefore, we investigated whether inhibitors of nts enzymes would suppress replication of herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2. eight of 42 nts inhibitors suppressed hsv-1 and/or hsv-2 replication by >10-fold at 5 μm, with suppression at 50 μm reaching ∼1 million-fold. five co ...	2014	25267681
associations between blood lead level and substance use and sexually transmitted infection risk among adults in the united states.	the effects of low-level lead exposure on neuropsychological status in the united states (us) general adult population have been reported, and the relationship between neuropsychiatric dysfunction and health risk behaviors including substance use and sexual risk taking is well established. however, the potential influence of lead exposure on risk-taking behavior has received little attention. using the national health and nutrition examination survey (nhanes) 2005-2010, we estimated multivariabl ...	2014	25261860
disparities in herpes simplex virus type 2 infection between black and white men who have sex with men in atlanta, ga.	hiv disproportionately affects black men who have sex with men, and herpes simplex virus type 2 is known to increase acquisition of hiv. however, data on racial disparities in herpes simplex virus type 2 prevalence and risk factors are limited among men who have sex with men in the united states. involvement was a cohort study of black and white hiv-negative men who have sex with men in atlanta, ga. univariate and multivariate cross-sectional associations with herpes simplex virus type 2 seropre ...	2015	25246424
herpes simplex virus 2 icp34.5 confers neurovirulence by regulating the type i interferon response.	the γ34.5 gene of herpes simplex virus (hsv) 2 encodes icp34.5, which enhances hsv-2 neurovirulence by an unknown mechanism. we found that an hsv-2 γ34.5-null mutant (γ34.5(-/-)) replicated less robustly than its rescue virus (γ34.5r) in wild-type mouse embryo fibroblasts (mefs), and in cells primed with ifnβ. increased eif2α phosphorylation correlated with γ34.5(-/-) attenuation. however, γ34.5(-/-) achieved titers equivalent to γ34.5r in mefs lacking the type i ifn receptor (ifnα/βr(-/-)) or l ...	2014	25238641
mother-to-child transmission of herpes simplex virus.	infections with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) or type 2 (hsv-2), both alpha herpesviruses, are highly prevalent worldwide. both hsv types commonly cause genital infection, which, when acquired or reactivated during pregnancy, carries with it the risk of transmission to the fetus or neonate. women who acquire primary or first-episode genital herpes during pregnancy are at greater risk for transmitting the infection than are women with recurrent genital herpes. because viral infection and re ...	2014	25232472
vaginal memory t cells induced by intranasal vaccination are critical for protective t cell recruitment and prevention of genital hsv-2 disease.	protective immunity against genital pathogens causing chronic infections, such as herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) or human immunodeficiency virus, requires the induction of cell-mediated immune responses locally in the genital tract. intranasal immunization with a thymidine kinase-deficient (tk(-)) mutant of hsv-2 effectively induces hsv-2-specific gamma interferon (ifn-γ)-secreting memory t cell production and protective immunity against intravaginal challenge with wild-type hsv-2. however, the ...	2014	25231301
crystal structure of herpes simplex virus 2 gd bound to nectin-1 reveals a conserved mode of receptor recognition.	herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 are among the most prevalent human pathogens. both viruses can recognize, via the surface envelope glycoprotein d (gd), human nectin-1 as a functional receptor. previous studies have successfully elucidated the molecular basis of the binding between hsv-1 gd and nectin-1 by cocrystallography. despite a high sequence identity between hsv-1 and hsv-2 gds, the atomic intermolecule details for the hsv-2-gd/nectin-1 interaction remain elusive. here, we report ...	2014	25231300
sexual partnership characteristics of african american women who have sex with women; impact on sexually transmitted infection risk.	african american women who have sex with women (wsw) are emerging as a population at risk for sexually transmitted infections (stis). the objectives of this study were to explore partnership characteristics for a cohort of african american wsw and evaluate those characteristics as potential risk factors for stis. in addition, we aimed to determine sti diagnoses and identify predictors of sti infection.	2014	25211257
herpes simplex virus 2 infection: molecular association with hiv and novel microbicides to prevent disease.	infection with herpes simplex viruses is one of the most ancient diseases described to affect humans. infection with these viruses produces vexing effects to the host, which frequently recur. infection with herpes simplex viruses is lifelong, and currently there is no vaccine or drug to prevent or cure infection. prevalence of herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) infection varies significantly depending on the geographical region and nears 20% worldwide. importantly, hsv-2 is the first cause of genita ...	2015	25209142
antiviral activity of ancient system of ayurvedic medicinal plant cissus quadrangularis l. (vitaceae).	partially purified methanolic extract of cissus quadrangularis (belonging to vitaceae member, south indian medicinal plant) have been explored for antiviral activity and their phytochemical characterisation. in vitro antiviral activity against hsv type1 and 2, and vero cells at non-cytotoxic concentration were determined. hsv1 and hsv2 showed more sensitivity against the partially purified compound. phytochemical analysis showed the presence of the steroids and terpenoids.	2009	25206252
comparative performance of the uni-gold™ hsv-2 rapid: a point-of-care hsv-2 diagnostic test in unselected sera from a reference laboratory.	hsv-2 diagnosis is typically by viral culture, viral dna amplification of lesion material or by serology in cases of subclinical presentation. these methods can be time consuming and expensive. the uni-gold™ hsv-2 rapid is a fast, point-of-care diagnostic test that can be performed outside a full service laboratory.	2014	25200648
herpes simplex virus serotype and entry receptor availability alter cns disease in a mouse model of neonatal hsv.	outcomes of neonates with herpes simplex virus (hsv) encephalitis are worse after infection with hsv-2 when compared with hsv-1. the proteins herpes virus entry mediator (hvem) and nectin-1 mediate hsv entry into susceptible cells. prior studies have shown receptor-dependent differences in pathogenesis that depend on route of inoculation and host developmental age.	2014	25198371
maternal complement c1q and increased odds for psychosis in adult offspring.	the presence of maternal antibodies to food and infectious antigens may confer an increased risk of developing schizophrenia and psychosis in adult offspring. complement factor c1q is an immune molecule with multiple functions including clearance of antigen-antibody complexes from circulation and mediation of synaptic pruning during fetal brain development. to determine if maternal c1q was associated with offspring schizophrenia and psychosis, we evaluated 55 matched case-control maternal serum ...	2014	25195065
prophylactic and therapeutic modulation of innate and adaptive immunity against mucosal infection of herpes simplex virus.	herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) are the most common cause of genital ulceration in humans worldwide. typically, hsv-1 and 2 infections via mucosal route result in a lifelong latent infection after peripheral replication in mucosal tissues, thereby providing potential transmission to neighbor hosts in response to reactivation. to break the transmission cycle, immunoprophylactics and therapeutic strategies must be focused on prevention of infection or reduction of infectivity ...	2014	25177251
impact of hiv-1 infection on herpes simplex virus type 2 genetic variability among co-infected individuals.	herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is the most common cause of genital ulcer disease worldwide. while the contribution of hsv-2 to acquisition and course of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection has been well described, less attention has been paid to the impact of hiv infection on the variability and the pathophysiology of hsv-2 infection. the goal of the present study was to characterize genotypically and phenotypically hsv-2 strains isolated from 12 patients infected by hiv-1 and from ...	2015	25174847
immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of cutaneous viral infections--part i. cutaneous viral infections by herpesviruses and papillomaviruses.	cutaneous viral infections are of increasing clinical importance, particularly in patients who are immunocompromised.	2015	25171431
t cell memory. a local macrophage chemokine network sustains protective tissue-resident memory cd4 t cells.	cd8 tissue-resident memory t (t(rm)) cells provide efficient local control of viral infection, but the role of cd4 t(rm) is less clear. here, by using parabiotic mice, we show that a preexisting pool of cd4 t(rm) cells in the genital mucosa was required for full protection from a lethal herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) infection. chemokines secreted by a local network of macrophages maintained vaginal cd4 t(rm) in memory lymphocyte clusters (mlcs), independently of circulating memory t cells. cd4 ...	2014	25170048
a pilot study examining the safety and tolerability of valacyclovir in veterans with hepatitis c virus/herpes simplex virus type 2 coinfection.	we performed a pilot study examining the safety and tolerability of valacyclovir in veterans with herpes simplex virus type 2 and hepatitis c virus (hcv) coinfection.	2014	25163019
wolf's post-herpetic isotopic response: infections, tumors, and immune disorders arising on the site of healed herpetic infection.	herpes simplex viruses (hsv-1/hsv-2) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) have several characteristics in common. both are epidermoneurotropic, cause skin eruptions accompanied by sensory symptoms (itch, pain), damage peripheral sensory nerve fibers and cutaneous nerve endings, and interfere with neuromediator release, which can alter local mechanisms of immune control. for this reason, herpes-infected areas may become a preferential location for the subsequent onset of immunity-related skin disorde ...	2014	25160097
genital herpes.	genital herpes is a relatively common infection caused by herpes simplex virus (hsv) type one or two (hsv-1, hsv-2) respectively. it is acquired most commonly via sexual activity. more recently there has been an increase in infections due to hsv-1. most new cases of genital hsv are not diagnosed due to hsv infections having short-lived signs and symptoms, or in many instances are asymptomatic. hence many people infected with hsv are unaware that they have it. the risk of transmission to a partne ...	2014	25153069
herpes simplex virus meningitis in children in south east of caspian sea, iran.	herpes simplex virus (hsv) is a member of herpesviridae and a leading cause of human viral diseases. meningitis occurs as a complication of hsv-1 or hsv-2 primary infection.	2014	25147651
the effect of valacyclovir on hiv and hsv-2 in hiv-infected persons on antiretroviral therapy with previously unrecognised hsv-2.	in the absence of antiretroviral therapy, valacyclovir may reduce hiv viral load and increase cd4+ t-lymphocyte count. we sought to evaluate the impact of valacyclovir on hiv and hsv-2 in co-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy with previously unrecognised hsv-2 infection. a prospective, randomised-controlled, 24-week trial of valacyclovir 1000 mg was performed. mean cd4+ t-lymphocyte count at 24 weeks compared to baseline cd4+ t-lymphocyte count was the primary outcome. hiv viral ...	2015	25147236
dissection of the antibody response against herpes simplex virus glycoproteins in naturally infected humans.	relatively little is known about the extent of the polyclonal antibody (pab) repertoire elicited by herpes simplex virus (hsv) glycoproteins during natural infection and how these antibodies affect virus neutralization. here, we examined iggs from 10 hsv-seropositive individuals originally classified as high or low virus shedders. all pabs neutralized virus to various extents. we determined which hsv entry glycoproteins these pabs were directed against: glycoproteins gb, gd, and gc were recogniz ...	2014	25142599
the herpes simplex virus 2 virion-associated ribonuclease vhs interferes with stress granule formation.	in a previous study, it was observed that cells infected with herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) failed to accumulate stress granules (sgs) in response to oxidative stress induced by arsenite treatment. as a follow-up to this observation, we demonstrate here that disruption of arsenite-induced sg formation by hsv-2 is mediated by a virion component. through studies on sg formation in cells infected with hsv-2 strains carrying defective forms of ul41, the gene that encodes vhs, we identify vhs as a v ...	2014	25142597
prophylactic treatment with a novel bioadhesive gel formulation containing aciclovir and tenofovir protects from hsv-2 infection.	over-the-counter access to an inexpensive, effective topical microbicide could reduce the transmission of hiv and would increase women's control over their health and eliminate the need to obtain their partners' consent for prophylaxis. chronic infection with herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2), also known as human herpes virus 2, has been shown to facilitate hiv infection and speed the progression to immunodeficiency disease. our objective is to develop a drug formulation that protects against both ...	2014	25139839
the mucosal expression pattern of interferon-ε in rhesus macaques.	type i ifns play an important role in innate and adaptive immunity against viral infections. a novel type i ifn, namely ifn-ε, which can protect against vaginal transmission of hsv2 and chlamydia muridarum bacterial infection, has been described in mice and humans. nevertheless, the principle cell type and the expression pattern of ifn-ε in tissues remain uncertain. in addition, the expression of ifn-ε in indian rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) has not been reported. here, we analyzed ifn-ε expr ...	2014	25139290
improving immunogenicity and efficacy of vaccines for genital herpes containing herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d.	no vaccines are approved for prevention or treatment of genital herpes. the focus of genital herpes vaccine trials has been on prevention using herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) glycoprotein d (gd2) alone or combined with glycoprotein b. these prevention trials did not achieve their primary end points. however, subset analyses reported some positive outcomes in each study. the most recent trial was the herpevac trial for women that used gd2 with monophosphoryl lipid a and alum as adjuvants in ...	2014	25138572
coinfection with human herpesvirus 8 is associated with persistent inflammation and immune activation in virologically suppressed hiv-infected patients.	infection with co-pathogens is one of the postulated factors contributing to persistent inflammation and non-aids events in virologically-suppressed hiv-infected patients. we aimed to investigate the relationship of human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8), a vasculotropic virus implicated in the pathogenesis of kaposi's sarcoma, with inflammation and subclinical atherosclerosis in hiv-infected patients.	2014	25133669
risky behavior and correlates of hiv and hepatitis c virus infection among people who inject drugs in three cities in afghanistan.	injecting drug use is the primary mode of hiv transmission and acquisition in afghanistan. people who inject drugs (pwid) in the country have been characterized by high risk injecting behavior and a high burden of hcv infection. we aimed to estimate the burden of hiv, hcv, and other infectious diseases and to identify the correlates of hiv and hcv infection among pwid living in three major afghan cities in 2009.	2014	25131717
role of fas/fasl signaling in regulation of anti-viral response during hsv-2 vaginal infection in mice.	fas receptor-fas ligand (fasl) signaling is involved in apoptosis of virus-infected cells but increasing evidence accumulates on fas receptor as a mediator of apoptosis-independent processes such as induction of activating and pro-inflammatory signals. in this study, we examined the role of fas/fasl pathway in regulation of anti-viral response to genital hsv-2 infection using a murine model of hsv-2 infection applied to c57bl6/j, b6. mrl-faslpr/j and b6smn.c3-faslgld/j mice. hsv-2 infection of f ...	2014	25129477
tannic acid modified silver nanoparticles show antiviral activity in herpes simplex virus type 2 infection.	the interaction between silver nanoparticles and herpesviruses is attracting great interest due to their antiviral activity and possibility to use as microbicides for oral and anogenital herpes. in this work, we demonstrate that tannic acid modified silver nanoparticles sized 13 nm, 33 nm and 46 nm are capable of reducing hsv-2 infectivity both in vitro and in vivo. the antiviral activity of tannic acid modified silver nanoparticles was size-related, required direct interaction and blocked virus ...	2014	25117537
herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 modulate autophagy in sirc corneal cells.	autophagy and apoptosis function as important early cellular defense mechanisms in infections and other diseases. the outcome of an infection is determined by a complex interplay between the pathogenic microorganism and these intracellular pathways. to better understand the cytopathogenicity of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and - 2), we studied the effect of these viruses on the autophagic and apoptotic processes in the sirc corneal cell line. infection with the kos strain of hsv-1 a ...	2014	25116622
ellagitannins as synergists of acv on the replication of acv-resistant strains of hsv 1 and 2.	the plant-derived polyphenolic compounds castalagin, vescalagin and grandinin (c-glucosidic ellagitannins containing nonahydroxyterphenoyl) manifested a strong inhibitory effect on the replication of acyclovir-resistant strains of herpes simplex viruses (hsv) type 1 and 2 in mdbk cells in focus forming units (i.e., microscopically registered microplaques) reduction assay and in two variants of cytopathic effect inhibition test. the effect on the acyclovir (acv)-resistant herpes simplex virus typ ...	2014	25111906
hiv/sti risk-reduction intervention efficacy with south african adolescents over 54 months.	little research has tested hiv/sexually transmitted infection (sti) risk-reduction interventions' effects on early adolescents as they age into middle and late adolescence. this study tested whether intervention-induced reductions in unprotected intercourse during a 12-month period endured over a 54-month period and whether the intervention reduced the prevalence of stis, which increase risk for hiv.	2014	25110841
identification of novel virus-specific antigens by cd4⁺ and cd8⁺ t cells from asymptomatic hsv-2 seropositive and seronegative donors.	reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) infections can be characterized by episodic recurrent genital lesions and/or viral shedding. we hypothesize that infected (hsv-2(pos)) asymptomatic individuals have acquired t cell responses to specific hsv-2 antigen(s) that may be an important factor in controlling their recurrent disease symptoms. our proteomic screening technology, atlas, was used to characterize the antigenic repertoire of t cell responses in infected (hsv-2(pos)) and vir ...	2014	25108380
defining genital tract cytokine signatures of sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis in women at high risk of hiv infection: a cross-sectional study.	sexually transmitted infections (sti) and bacterial vaginosis (bv) cause female genital tract inflammation. this inflammation, which is often present in the absence of symptoms, is associated with increased susceptibility to hiv infection. we aimed to evaluate genital cytokine profiles and the degree of inflammation associated with common stis and bv.	2014	25107710
cerebellar dysfunction in a patient with hiv.	a 50-year-old aids patient with a cd4 t-cell count of 114/mm(3) was admitted with cerebellar symptoms of left cn xi weakness, wide-based gait with left-sided dysmetria, abnormal heel-knee-shin test, and dysdiadochokinesia. mri showed region of hyperintensity in the left inferior cerebellar hemisphere involving the cortex and underlying white matter. serological tests for hsv1, hsv2, and syphilis were negative. her csf contained high protein content and a wbc of 71/mm(3), predominantly lymphocyte ...	2014	25093131
predictors of hvtn 503 mrk-ad5 hiv-1 gag/pol/nef vaccine induced immune responses.	phambili, the merck (mrk)-adenovirus type 5 (ad5) hiv-1 gag/pol/nef subtype b vaccine study, conducted in south africa, suspended enrollment and vaccination when companion study, step, was found non-efficacious. although the vaccine did not prevent hiv-1 infection or lower viral-load setpoint, immune responses recognized clades b and c hiv-1 subtypes. we investigated predictors of the vaccine-induced antigen-specific immune responses.	2014	25090110
antiherpes simplex virus type 2 activity of the antimicrobial peptide subtilosin.	in this study, we evaluated the antiviral activity of subtilosin, a cyclical peptide isolated from bacillus amyloliquefaciens, against herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) in cell cultures and we investigated subtilosin mode of action.	2014	25087911
oral antiviral therapy for prevention of genital herpes outbreaks in immunocompetent and nonpregnant patients.	genital herpes is caused by herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) or 2 (hsv-2). some infected people experience outbreaks of genital herpes, typically, characterized by vesicular and erosive localized painful genital lesions.	2014	25086573
acute herpetic gingivostomatitis associated with herpes simplex virus 2: report of a case.	herpetic gingivostomatitis represents the most commonly observed clinical manifestation of primary herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection. hsv-1 has been associated with oro-labial disease, with most infections occurring during childhood, and hsv-2 with genital disease. however, it is possible for hsv-2 to cause oro-labial herpes and hsv-1 to cause genital herpes. an unusual case of acute herpetic gingivostomatitis (ahgs) that presented as extremely painful multiple ulcerations of the gingiva and ...	2014	25083042
clinical validation of the lyra direct hsv 1+2/vzv assay for simultaneous detection and differentiation of three herpesviruses in cutaneous and mucocutaneous lesions.	we evaluated the lyra direct hsv 1+2/vzv multiplex real-time pcr assay for the detection and differentiation of herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1), hsv-2, and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) on 695 consecutive cutaneous and mucocutaneous lesion specimens. the intra-assay and interassay coefficient of variation values for the lyra assay were 0.29 to 1.30% and 2.33 to 2.61%, respectively. the sensitivities, specificities, and positive and negative predictive values were 93.4 to 95.0%, 96.1 to 96.8%, 78.0 ...	2014	25078915
sexual transmission of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1.	human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-1) is endemic in many parts of the world and is primarily transmitted through sexual intercourse or from mother to child. sexual transmission occurs more efficiently from men to women than women to men and might be enhanced by sexually transmitted diseases that cause ulcers and result in mucosal ruptures, such as syphilis, herpes simplex type 2 (hsv-2), and chancroid. other sexually transmitted diseases might result in the recruitment of inflammatory ...	2014	25075475