Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| towards the elimination of malaria in south africa: a review of surveillance data in mutale municipality, limpopo province, 2005 to 2010. | south africa has targeted to eliminate malaria by the year 2018. constant monitoring of malaria morbidity and mortality trends in affected subpopulations is therefore crucial in guiding and refining control interventions. mutale municipality in limpopo province is one of the areas with the highest risk of malaria in the country. this paper describes trends in malaria incidence, case fatality and household indoor residual spraying (irs) coverage in mutale municipality, during the period 2005 to 2 ... | 2013 | 23294805 |
| assessment of anopheles salivary antigens as individual exposure biomarkers to species-specific malaria vector bites. | malaria transmission occurs during the blood feeding of infected anopheline mosquitoes concomitant with a saliva injection into the vertebrate host. in sub-saharan africa, most malaria transmission is due to anopheles funestus s.s and to anopheles gambiae s.l. (mainly anopheles gambiae s.s. and anopheles arabiensis). several studies have demonstrated that the immune response against salivary antigens could be used to evaluate individual exposure to mosquito bites. the aim of this study was to as ... | 2012 | 23276246 |
| temporal and spatial patterns of serologic responses to plasmodium falciparum antigens in a region of declining malaria transmission in southern zambia. | critical to sustaining progress in malaria control is comprehensive surveillance to identify outbreaks and prevent resurgence. serologic responses to plasmodium falciparum antigens can serve as a marker of recent transmission and serosurveillance may be feasible on a large scale. | 2012 | 23276228 |
| evidence for population-specific positive selection on immune genes of anopheles gambiae. | host-pathogen interactions can be powerful drivers of adaptive evolution, shaping the patterns of molecular variation at the genes involved. in this study, we sequenced alleles from 28 immune-related loci in wild samples of multiple genetic subpopulations of the african malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae, obtaining unprecedented sample sizes and providing the first opportunity to contrast patterns of molecular evolution at immune-related loci in the recently discovered goundry population to thos ... | 2012 | 23275874 |
| sustainable malaria control: transdisciplinary approaches for translational applications. | with the adoption of the global malaria action plan, several countries are moving from malaria control towards elimination and eradication. however, the sustainability of some of the approaches taken may be questionable. here, an overview of malaria control and elimination strategies is provided and the sustainability of each in context of vector- and parasite control is assessed. from this, it can be concluded that transdisciplinary approaches are essential for sustained malaria control and eli ... | 2012 | 23268712 |
| the fitness of african malaria vectors in the presence and limitation of host behaviour. | host responses are important sources of selection upon the host species range of ectoparasites and phytophagous insects. however little is known about the role of host responses in defining the host species range of malaria vectors. this study aimed to estimate the relative importance of host behaviour to the feeding success and fitness of african malaria vectors, and assess its ability to predict their known host species preferences in nature. | 2012 | 23253167 |
| the feasibility of malaria elimination in south africa. | following the last major malaria epidemic in 2000, malaria incidence in south africa has declined markedly. the decrease has been so emphatic that south africa now meets the world health organization (who) threshold for malaria elimination. given the millennium development goal of reversing the spread of malaria by 2015, south africa is being urged to adopt an elimination agenda. this study aimed to determine the appropriateness of implementing a malaria elimination programme in present day sout ... | 2012 | 23253091 |
| directionally selected cytochrome p450 alleles are driving the spread of pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vector anopheles funestus. | pyrethroid insecticides are critical for malaria control in africa. however, resistance to this insecticide class in the malaria vector anopheles funestus is spreading rapidly across africa, threatening the success of ongoing and future malaria control programs. the underlying resistance mechanisms driving the spread of this resistance in wild populations remain largely unknown. here, we show that increased expression of two tandemly duplicated p450 genes, cyp6p9a and cyp6p9b, is the main mechan ... | 2012 | 23248325 |
| malaria parasite diversity and transmission intensity affect development of parasitological immunity in a mathematical model. | the development of parasitological immunity against malaria affects the ability to detect infection, the efficiency of the local human parasite reservoir at infecting mosquitoes, and the response to reintroduction of parasites to previously cleared areas. observations of similar age-trends in detected prevalence and mean parasitaemia across more than an order-of-magnitude of variation in baseline transmission complicate simple exposure-driven explanations. | 2012 | 23241282 |
| risk mapping of anopheles gambiae s.l. densities using remotely-sensed environmental and meteorological data in an urban area: dakar, senegal. | high malaria transmission heterogeneity in an urban environment is basically due to the complex distribution of anopheles larval habitats, sources of vectors. understanding 1) the meteorological and ecological factors associated with differential larvae spatio-temporal distribution and 2) the vectors dynamic, both may lead to improving malaria control measures with remote sensing and high resolution data as key components. in this study a robust operational methodology for entomological malaria ... | 2012 | 23226351 |
| the effects of urbanization on global plasmodium vivax malaria transmission. | many recent studies have examined the impact of urbanization on plasmodium falciparum malaria endemicity and found a general trend of reduced transmission in urban areas. however, none has examined the effect of urbanization on plasmodium vivax malaria, which is the most widely distributed malaria species and can also cause severe clinical syndromes in humans. in this study, a set of 10,003 community-based p. vivax parasite rate (pvpr) surveys are used to explore the relationships between pvpr i ... | 2012 | 23217010 |
| the impacts of land use change on malaria vector abundance in a water-limited, highland region of ethiopia. | changes in land use and climate are expected to alter the risk of malaria transmission in areas where rainfall limits vector abundance. we use a coupled hydrology-entomology model to investigate the effects of land use change on hydrological processes impacting mosquito abundance in a highland village of ethiopia. land use affects partitioning of rainfall into infiltration and runoff that reaches small-scale topographic depressions, which constitute the primary breeding habitat of anopheles arab ... | 2012 | 23212728 |
| entomological indices of malaria transmission in chikhwawa district, southern malawi. | although malaria is highly prevalent throughout malawi, little is known of its transmission dynamics. this paper describes the seasonal activity of the different vectors, human biting indices, sporozoite rates and the entomological inoculation rate in a low-lying rural area in southern malawi. | 2012 | 23171123 |
| implications of bio-efficacy and persistence of insecticides when indoor residual spraying and long-lasting insecticide nets are combined for malaria prevention. | bio-efficacy and residual activity of insecticides used for indoor residual spraying (irs) and long-lasting insecticide nets (llins) were assessed against laboratory-reared and wild populations of the malaria vector, anopheles arabiensis in south eastern tanzania. implications of the findings are examined in the context of potential synergies and redundancies where irs and llins are combined. | 2012 | 23164062 |
| electric nets and sticky materials for analysing oviposition behaviour of gravid malaria vectors. | little is known about how malaria mosquitoes locate oviposition sites in nature. such knowledge is important to help devise monitoring and control measures that could be used to target gravid females. this study set out to develop a suite of tools that can be used to study the attraction of gravid anopheles gambiae s.s. towards visual or olfactory cues associated with aquatic habitats. | 2012 | 23151023 |
| influence of global climate change on chemical fate and bioaccumulation: the role of multimedia models. | multimedia environmental fate models are valuable tools for investigating potential changes associated with global climate change, particularly because thermodynamic forcing on partitioning behavior as well as diffusive and nondiffusive exchange processes are implicitly considered. similarly, food-web bioaccumulation models are capable of integrating the net effect of changes associated with factors such as temperature, growth rates, feeding preferences, and partitioning behavior on bioaccumulat ... | 0 | 23136071 |
| an analysis of diet quality, how it controls fatty acid profiles, isotope signatures and stoichiometry in the malaria mosquito anopheles arabiensis. | knowing the underlying mechanisms of mosquito ecology will ensure effective vector management and contribute to the overall goal of malaria control. mosquito populations show a high degree of population plasticity in response to environmental variability. however, the principle factors controlling population size and fecundity are for the most part unknown. larval habitat and diet play a crucial role in subsequent mosquito fitness. developing the most competitive insects for sterile insect techn ... | 2012 | 23133509 |
| factors contributing to urban malaria transmission in sub-saharan africa: a systematic review. | sub-saharan africa suffers by far the greatest malaria burden worldwide and is currently undergoing a profound demographic change, with a growing proportion of its population moving to urban areas. urbanisation is generally expected to reduce malaria transmission; however the disease still persists in african cities, in some cases at higher levels than in nearby rural areas. objective. this paper aims to collate and analyse risk factors for urban malaria transmission throughout sub-saharan afric ... | 2012 | 23125863 |
| multicentre studies of insecticide-treated durable wall lining in africa and south-east asia: entomological efficacy and household acceptability during one year of field use. | indoor residual spraying (irs) is a primary method of malaria vector control, but its potential impact is constrained by several inherent limitations: spraying must be repeated when insecticide residues decay, householders can tire of the annual imposition and campaign costs are recurrent. durable lining (dl) can be considered an advanced form of long-lasting irs where insecticide is gradually released from an aesthetically attractive wall lining material to provide vector control for several ye ... | 2012 | 23107112 |
| simulation of malaria epidemiology and control in the highlands of western kenya. | models of plasmodium falciparum malaria epidemiology that provide realistic quantitative predictions of likely epidemiological outcomes of existing vector control strategies have the potential to assist in planning for the control and elimination of malaria. this work investigates the applicability of mathematical modelling of malaria transmission dynamics in rachuonyo south, a district with low, unstable transmission in the highlands of western kenya. | 2012 | 23107070 |
| insecticide susceptibility of aedes aegypti populations from senegal and cape verde archipelago. | two concomitant dengue 3 (den-3) epidemics occurred in cape verde archipelago and senegal between september and october 2009. aedes aegypti was identified as the vector of these epidemics as several den-3 virus strains were isolated from this species in both countries. the susceptibility to pyrethroids, organochlorine, organophosphates and carbamate was investigated in two field strains of aedes aegypti from both countries using who diagnostic bioassay kits in order to monitor their the current ... | 2012 | 23088621 |
| estimation of malaria transmission intensity in sennar state, central sudan. | understanding the behaviour of malaria vectors is crucial for planning mosquito control programmes. the aim of this study was to estimate the malaria transmission intensity in 2 different ecological zones in a highly endemic malaria area of sennar state in central sudan over the main transmission period. species confirmation by pcr indicated that anopheles arabiensis was the only malaria vector in the study area, with high anthropophilic behaviour (84.9% human-feeding). elisa studies showed plas ... | 2012 | 23057388 |
| transmission attributes of periurban malaria in lusaka, zambia, precedent to the integrated vector management strategy: an entomological input. | globalization and urbanization with their inherent developmental activities and ecological transformations impact on malaria epidemiology. entomological factors involved in malaria transmission in periurban lusaka were assessed prior to vector control reintroduction. data was collected through standard entomological and epidemiological protocols and a pretested structured questionnaire. larval habitats were characterized as transient (43%), semipermanent (36%), and permanent (21%). anopheles ara ... | 2012 | 23056060 |
| additional selection for insecticide resistance in urban malaria vectors: ddt resistance in anopheles arabiensis from bobo-dioulasso, burkina faso. | in the city of bobo-dioulasso in burkina faso, anopheles arabiensis has superseded anopheles gambiae s.s. as the major malaria vector and the larvae are found in highly polluted habitats normally considered unsuitable for anopheles mosquitoes. here we show that an. gambiae s.l. adults emerging from a highly polluted site in the city centre (dioulassoba) have a high prevalence of ddt resistance (percentage mortality after exposure to diagnostic dose=65.8% in the dry season and 70.4% in the rainy ... | 2012 | 23049917 |
| insecticide resistance monitoring of field-collected anopheles gambiae s.l. populations from jinja, eastern uganda, identifies high levels of pyrethroid resistance. | insecticide resistance in the malaria vector anopheles gambiae s.l. (diptera: culicidae) threatens insecticide-based control efforts, necessitating regular monitoring. we assessed resistance in field-collected an. gambiae s.l. from jinja, uganda using world health organization (who) bioassays. only an. gambiae s.s. and an. arabiensis (≈70%) were present. female an. gambiae exhibited extremely high pyrethroid resistance (permethrin lt50 > 2 h; deltamethrin lt50 > 5 h). female an. arabiensis were ... | 2012 | 23046446 |
| diet and density dependent competition affect larval performance and oviposition site selection in the mosquito species aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae). | oviposition-site choice is an essential component of the life history of all mosquito species. according to the oviposition-preference offspring-performance (p-p) hypothesis, if optimizing offspring performance and fitness ensures high overall reproductive fitness for a given species, the female should accurately assess details of the heterogeneous environment and lay her eggs preferentially in sites with conditions more suitable to offspring. | 2012 | 23044004 |
| perceived malaria in the population of an urban setting: a skipped reality in dakar, senegal. | urban malaria remains a public health problem. dakar is located in a low endemic area. however, anti-malarial drugs consumption is reported to be high despite the decline of malaria announced by health authorities. the objective of the present study was to assess the burden of reported malaria attacks (rmas) in 2008 and to describe care-seeking behaviours in the population of dakar, senegal. | 2012 | 23043538 |
| malaria risk mapping for control in the republic of sudan. | evidence shows that malaria risk maps are rarely tailored to address national control program ambitions. here, we generate a malaria risk map adapted for malaria control in sudan. community plasmodium falciparum parasite rate (pfpr) data from 2000 to 2010 were assembled and were standardized to 2-10 years of age (pfpr(2-10)). space-time bayesian geostatistical methods were used to generate a map of malaria risk for 2010. surfaces of aridity, urbanization, irrigation schemes, and refugee camps we ... | 2012 | 23033400 |
| the effect of deltamethrin-treated net fencing around cattle enclosures on outdoor-biting mosquitoes in kumasi, ghana. | classic vector control strategies target mosquitoes indoors as the main transmitters of malaria are indoor-biting and -resting mosquitoes. however, the intensive use of insecticide-treated bed-nets (itns) and indoor residual spraying have put selective pressure on mosquitoes to adapt in order to obtain human blood meals. thus, early-evening and outdoor vector activity is becoming an increasing concern. this study assessed the effect of a deltamethrin-treated net (100 mg/m(2)) attached to a one-m ... | 2012 | 23029245 |
| comparisons of life-history characteristics of a genetic sexing strain with laboratory strains of anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) from northern sudan. | a genetic sex separation strain (gss) has been created for anopheles arabiensis (patton) (diptera: culicidae), one of the major african malaria vectors, for use in controlling wild populations of this species via the sterile insect technique (sit). this gss strain, "ano ipcl1," allows sex separation by a translocation linking a dieldrin resistance allele and the y chromosome. differences between ano ipcl1 relative to wild strains might reflect its field performance and therefore are of concern. ... | 2012 | 23025185 |
| an inexpensive and effective larval diet for anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae): eat like a horse, a bird, or a fish? | a successful sterile insect technique program depends upon mass production of good-quality sterile insects for release into a target area. specifically, to control anopheles arabiensis patton (diptera: culicidae) in a pilot area in northern sudan, 1 million an. arabiensis sterile males per day are needed. to reach this production objective, mosquito mass rearing is indispensable and larval diet, a key parameter for the production of healthy male mosquitoes, needs to be cost-effective. the koi fl ... | 2012 | 23025180 |
| continuing medical education on infectious diseases: a saudi university hospital experience. | continuing medical education (cme) is an important and useful activity for updating knowledge in order to improve for outcome of health care. a cme update symposium on infectious diseases was therefore organized at the king fahd hospital of the university (kfhu), al-khobar, saudi arabia. participants included clinicians, laboratory personnel and nursing staff from different hospitals and universities in saudi arabia. | 0 | 23008630 |
| variation in malaria transmission dynamics in three different sites in western kenya. | the main objective was to investigate malaria transmission dynamics in three different sites, two highland villages (fort ternan and lunyerere) and a lowland peri-urban area (nyalenda) of kisumu city. adult mosquitoes were collected using psc and cdc light trap while malaria parasite incidence data was collected from a cohort of children on monthly basis. rainfall, humidity and temperature data were collected by automated weather stations. negative binomial and poisson generalized additive model ... | 2012 | 22988466 |
| comparative transcriptome analyses of deltamethrin-resistant and -susceptible anopheles gambiae mosquitoes from kenya by rna-seq. | malaria causes more than 300 million clinical cases and 665,000 deaths each year, and the majority of the mortality and morbidity occurs in sub-saharan africa. due to the lack of effective vaccines and wide-spread resistance to antimalarial drugs, mosquito control is the primary method of malaria prevention and control. currently, malaria vector control relies on the use of insecticides, primarily pyrethroids. the extensive use of insecticides has imposed strong selection pressures for resistanc ... | 2012 | 22970263 |
| screening of selected ethnomedicinal plants from south africa for larvicidal activity against the mosquito anopheles arabiensis. | this study was initiated to establish whether any south african ethnomedicinal plants (indigenous or exotic), that have been reported to be used traditionally to repel or kill mosquitoes, exhibit effective mosquito larvicidal properties. | 2012 | 22963538 |
| variation in exposure to anopheles gambiae salivary gland peptide (gsg6-p1) across different malaria transmission settings in the western kenya highlands. | the existing metrics of malaria transmission are limited in sensitivity under low transmission intensity. robust surveillance systems are needed as interventions to monitor reduced transmission and prevention of rapid reintroduction. serological tools based on antibody responses to parasite and vector antigens are potential tools for transmission measurements. the current study sought to evaluate antibody responses to anopheles gambiae salivary gland peptide (gsg6- p1), as a biomarker of human e ... | 2012 | 22963464 |
| absence of dry season plasmodium parasitaemia, but high rates of reported acute respiratory infection and diarrhoea in preschool-aged children in kaédi, southern mauritania. | the epidemiology of malaria in the senegal river gorgol valley, southern mauritania, requires particular attention in the face of ongoing and predicted environmental and climate changes. while "malaria cases" are reported in health facilities throughout the year, past and current climatic and ecological conditions do not favour transmission in the dry season (lack of rainfall and very high temperatures). moreover, entomological investigations in neighbouring regions point to an absence of malari ... | 2012 | 22958321 |
| mosquito feeding assays to determine the infectiousness of naturally infected plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriers. | in the era of malaria elimination and eradication, drug-based and vaccine-based approaches to reduce malaria transmission are receiving greater attention. such interventions require assays that reliably measure the transmission of plasmodium from humans to anopheles mosquitoes. | 2012 | 22936993 |
| does cattle milieu provide a potential point to target wild exophilic anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) with entomopathogenic fungus? a bioinsecticide zooprophylaxis strategy for vector control. | background. anopheles arabiensis is increasingly dominating malaria transmission in africa. the exophagy in mosquitoes threatens the effectiveness of indoor vector control strategies. this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of fungus against an. arabiensis when applied on cattle and their environments. methods. experiments were conducted under semi-field and small-scale field conditions within kilombero valley. the semi-field reared females of 5-7 days old an. arabiensis were exposed to f ... | 2012 | 22934152 |
| malaria in east african highlands during the past 30 years: impact of environmental changes. | east african highlands are one of the most populated regions in africa. the population densities in the highlands ranged between 158 persons/km(2) in ethiopia and 410 persons/km(2) in rwanda. according to the united nations population fund, the region has the world's highest population growth rate. these factors are likely behind the high rates of poverty among the populations. as there were no employment opportunities other than agricultural, this demographic pressure of poor populations have i ... | 2012 | 22934065 |
| malaria control in south africa 2000-2010: beyond mdg6. | malaria is one of the key targets within goal 6 of the millennium development goals (mdgs), whereby the disease needs to be halted and reversed by the year 2015. several other international targets have been set, however the mdgs are universally accepted, hence it is the focus of this manuscript. | 2012 | 22913727 |
| anopheles gambiae and anopheles arabiensis population densities and infectivity in kopere village, western kenya. | this study was conducted in a sugar belt region of western kenya interfacing epidemic and endemic malaria transmission. we investigated anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (ss) and anopheles arabiensis species compositions and densities, human host choice, and infectivity. | 2012 | 22910571 |
| how does an ethiopian dam increase malaria? entomological determinants around the koka reservoir. | to identify entomological determinants of increased malaria transmission in the vicinity of the koka reservoir in central ethiopia. | 2012 | 22909096 |
| effect of swamp cultivation on distribution of anopheline larval habitats in western kenya. | malaria resurgence in highland regions of east africa has been on increase. the spatio-temporal distribution of larval habitats of malaria vectors determines the distribution of adult vectors, hence, disease transmission. vector's ecology is necessary for strategic vector control through effective plan for source reduction. mapping of the larval habitats is necessary for targeted control measures. the purpose of this study is to assess and compare the spatial and seasonal variations in anophelin ... | 0 | 22898476 |
| insecticide susceptibility status of the malaria vector anopheles arabiensis in khartoum city, sudan: differences between urban and periurban areas. | vector resistance to insecticides is becoming a major obstacle to malaria prevention measures. a baseline survey was carried out in khartoum city, sudan, during september-november 2007, to map the insecticide susceptibility status ofanophelesarabiensis and to examine the correlation with insecticide usage in urban agriculture. susceptibility tests were conducted in 6 sentinel sites representing urban and periurban strata of the city. mortality rates and knockdown times were calculated for 8 inse ... | 2012 | 22891527 |
| a low-cost microfluidic chip for rapid genotyping of malaria-transmitting mosquitoes. | vector control is one of the most effective measures to prevent the transmission of malaria, a disease that causes over 600,000 deaths annually. around 30-40 anopheles mosquito species are natural vectors of malaria parasites. some of these species cannot be morphologically distinguished, but have behavioral and ecological differences. emblematic of this is the anopheles gambiae species complex. the correct identification of vector species is fundamental to the development of control strategies ... | 2012 | 22879919 |
| modeling the role of environmental variables on the population dynamics of the malaria vector anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. | the impact of weather and climate on malaria transmission has attracted considerable attention in recent years, yet uncertainties around future disease trends under climate change remain. mathematical models provide powerful tools for addressing such questions and understanding the implications for interventions and eradication strategies, but these require realistic modeling of the vector population dynamics and its response to environmental variables. | 2012 | 22877154 |
| bio-efficacy of selected long-lasting insecticidal nets against pyrethroid resistant anopheles arabiensis from south-western ethiopia. | the emergence and spread of insecticide resistance in the major african malaria vectors anopheles gambiae s.s. and anopheles arabiensis may compromise control initiatives based on insecticide-treated nets (itns) or indoor residual spraying (irs), and thus threaten the global malaria elimination strategy. | 2012 | 22871143 |
| expression profile of genes during resistance reversal in a temephos selected strain of the dengue vector, aedes aegypti. | the mosquito aedes aegypti is one of the most important disease vectors because it transmits two major arboviruses, dengue and yellow fever, which cause significant global morbidity and mortality. chemical insecticides form the cornerstone of vector control. the organophosphate temephos a larvicide recommended by who for controlling ae. aegypti, however, resistance to this compound has been reported in many countries, including brazil. | 2012 | 22870187 |
| linking land cover and species distribution models to project potential ranges of malaria vectors: an example using anopheles arabiensis in sudan and upper egypt. | anopheles arabiensis is a particularly opportunistic feeder and efficient vector of plasmodium falciparum in africa and may invade areas outside its normal range, including areas separated by expanses of barren desert. the purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how spatial models can project future irrigated cropland and potential, new suitable habitat for vectors such as an. arabiensis. | 2012 | 22866895 |
| pyrethroid resistance in anopheles gambiae s.s. and anopheles arabiensis in western kenya: phenotypic, metabolic and target site characterizations of three populations. | field and laboratory investigations revealed phenotypic, target site and metabolic resistance to permethrin in an anopheles gambiae s.s. (diptera: culicidae) population in bungoma district, a region in western kenya in which malaria is endemic and rates of ownership of insecticide-treated bednets are high. the sensitivity of individual an. gambiae s.l. females as indicated in assays using world health organization (who) test kits demonstrated reduced mortality in response to permethrin, deltamet ... | 2012 | 22861380 |
| larval food quantity affects development time, survival and adult biological traits that influence the vectorial capacity of anopheles darlingi under laboratory conditions. | the incidence of malaria in the amazon is seasonal and mosquito vectorial capacity parameters, including abundance and longevity, depend on quantitative and qualitative aspects of the larval diet. anopheles darlingi is a major malaria vector in the amazon, representing >95% of total anopheles population present in the porto velho region. despite its importance in the transmission of the plasmodium parasite, knowledge of the larval biology and ecology is limited. studies regarding aspects of adul ... | 2012 | 22856645 |
| mapping the receptivity of malaria risk to plan the future of control in somalia. | to measure the receptive risks of malaria in somalia and compare decisions on intervention scale-up based on this map and the more widely used contemporary risk maps. | 2012 | 22855625 |
| predictors of plasmodium falciparum malaria incidence in chano mille, south ethiopia: a longitudinal study. | we assessed potential effects of local meteorological and environmental conditions, indoor residual spraying with insecticides, insecticide-treated nets (itns) use at individual and community levels, and individual factors on plasmodium falciparum malaria incidence in a village in south ethiopia. a cohort of 8,121 people was followed for 101 weeks with active and passive surveillance. among 317 microscopically confirmed p. falciparum malaria episodes, 29.3% occurred among temporary residents. th ... | 2012 | 22826493 |
| an observational study of material durability of three world health organization-recommended long-lasting insecticidal nets in eastern chad. | a total of 876 nets (229 interceptor(®), 363 olyset(®), and 284 permanet(®)) were collected 14 months post-distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) from 811 households of internally displaced and host communities in dar sila district in eastern chad to examine their physical condition. holes were recorded by using three hole categories (average diameter = 2, 3.5, and 15 cm) and a proportionate hole index (phi). a total of 69.5% were in poor or very poor condition. there was no sign ... | 2012 | 22802441 |
| three years of insecticide resistance monitoring in anopheles gambiae in burkina faso: resistance on the rise? | a longitudinal anopheles gambiae s.l. insecticide-resistance monitoring programme was established in four sentinel sites in burkina faso. for three years, between 2008 and 2010, who diagnostic dose assays were used to measure the prevalence of resistance to all the major classes of insecticides at the beginning and end of the malaria transmission season. species identification and genotyping for target site mutations was also performed and the sporozoite rate in adults determined. | 2012 | 22799568 |
| development of an allele-specific, loop-mediated, isothermal amplification method (as-lamp) to detect the l1014f kdr-w mutation in anopheles gambiae s. l. | malaria control relies heavily on treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying with pyrethroid insecticides. unfortunately, the resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, mainly due to the kdr mutation, is spreading in the main malaria vector anopheles gambiae s.l., decreasing the insecticides' efficacy. to manage the insecticide resistance rapidly and flexibly, simple and effective tools for the early detection of resistant mosquitoes are needed. this study aimed to develop an allele-specific, loo ... | 2012 | 22770418 |
| thermal limits of wild and laboratory strains of two african malaria vector species, anopheles arabiensis and anopheles funestus. | malaria affects large parts of the developing world and is responsible for almost 800,000 deaths annually. as climates change, concerns have arisen as to how this vector-borne disease will be impacted by changing rainfall patterns and warming temperatures. despite the importance and controversy surrounding the impact of climate change on the potential spread of this disease, little information exists on the tolerances of several of the vector species themselves. | 2012 | 22770378 |
| knockdown resistance, rdl alleles, and the annual entomological inoculation rate of wild mosquito populations from lower moshi, northern tanzania. | understanding vector behavioral response due to ecological factors is important in the control of disease vectors. this study was conducted to determine the knockdown resistance (kdr) alleles, dieldrin resistance alleles, and entomological inoculation rates (eirs) of malaria vectors in lower moshi irrigation schemes for the mitigation of disease transmission. | 0 | 22754247 |
| [malaria prevention: the general practitioners experience on the reunion island]. | malaria has been officially eradicated from the reunion island since 1979. however, a potentially active vector of the disease - anopheles arabiensis - persists on the island. the risk of resurgence is quite significant. more than 90%of the patients presenting a malarial infection in reunion island after a stay in madagascar or in the comoros had followed a chemoprophylaxis that was not in accordance with the guidelines. a survey, that included 100 general practitioners, wasconducted in the reun ... | 2012 | 22744381 |
| population dynamics of anopheles gambiae s.l. in bobo-dioulasso city: bionomics, infection rate and susceptibility to insecticides. | historical studies have indicated that an. gambiae s.s. is the predominant malaria vector species in bobo-dioulasso the second biggest city of burkina faso (west africa). however, over the last decade, an. arabiensis appears to be replacing an. gambiae s.s. as the most prevalent malaria vector in this urban setting. to investigate this species transition in more detail the present study aims to provide an update on the malaria vector composition in bobo-dioulasso, and also the plasmodium infecti ... | 2012 | 22721002 |
| genetic sex separation of the malaria vector, anopheles arabiensis, by exposing eggs to dieldrin. | the sterile insect technique (sit) has been used with success for suppressing or eliminating important insect pests of agricultural or veterinary importance. in order to develop sit for mosquitoes, female elimination prior to release is essential as they are the disease-transmitting sex. a genetic sexing strain (gss) of anopheles arabiensis was created based on resistance to dieldrin, and methods of sex separation at the egg stage were developed. the use of this strain for sit will require sexua ... | 2012 | 22713308 |
| abundance and dynamics of anopheline larvae in a highland malarious area of south-central ethiopia. | malaria is a public health problem in ethiopia, and increasingly so in highland areas, possibly because of global warming. this study describes the distribution, breeding habitat and monthly dynamics of anopheline larvae in butajira, a highland area in south-central ethiopia. | 2012 | 22695178 |
| [sterile insect technique: targeted control without insecticide]. | sterile insect technique (sit) is a method of disease vector control technique that consists of releasing overwhelming numbers of sterile males. this method provides an environmentally friendly alternative to insecticides. another advantage of sit in comparison with other methods is to provide a targeted species-specific approach. in reunion island, sit has been proposed as a basis for developing a viable method of vector control against aedes albopictus and anopheles arabiensis. the technique h ... | 2012 | 22693930 |
| evidence of carbamate resistance in urban populations of anopheles gambiae s.s. mosquitoes resistant to ddt and deltamethrin insecticides in lagos, south-western nigeria. | resistance monitoring is essential in ensuring the success of insecticide based vector control programmes. this study was carried out to assess the susceptibility status of urban populations of anopheles gambiae to carbamate insecticide being considered for vector control in mosquito populations previously reported to be resistant to ddt and permethrin. | 2012 | 22686575 |
| change in composition of the anopheles gambiae complex and its possible implications for the transmission of malaria and lymphatic filariasis in north-eastern tanzania. | a dramatic decline in the incidence of malaria due to plasmodium falciparum infection in coastal east africa has recently been reported to be paralleled (or even preceded) by an equally dramatic decline in malaria vector density, despite absence of organized vector control. as part of investigations into possible causes for the change in vector population density, the present study analysed the anopheles gambiae s.l. sibling species composition in north-eastern tanzania. | 2012 | 22681999 |
| longitudinal follow-up of malaria transmission dynamics in two villages in a sahelian area of niger during a nationwide insecticide-treated bednet distribution programme. | malaria transmission was monitored in two villages in the sahel zone of niger over 4 years. during this period, a nationwide vector control programme was carried out in which insecticide-treated bednets were distributed free to mothers of children aged <5 years. anopheles gambiae and anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) were found to be the major malaria vectors. the dynamics of an. gambiae s.l. did not vary dramatically over the study period although the proportion of female mosquitoes fou ... | 2012 | 22680979 |
| a new larval tray and rack system for improved mosquito mass rearing. | the requirement for efficient mosquito mass rearing technology has been one of the major obstacles preventing the large scale application of the sterile insect technique against mosquitoes. at the food and agriculture organization/international atomic energy agency (fao/ iaea) insect pest control laboratories we developed a larval rearing unit based on the use of a stainless steel rack that operates 50 thermoformed abs plastic trays and is expected to be able to successfully rear 140,000-175,000 ... | 2012 | 22679867 |
| detoxification enzymes associated with insecticide resistance in laboratory strains of anopheles arabiensis of different geographic origin. | the use of insecticides to control malaria vectors is essential to reduce the prevalence of malaria and as a result, the development of insecticide resistance in vector populations is of major concern. anopheles arabiensis is one of the main african malaria vectors and insecticide resistance in this species has been reported in a number of countries. the aim of this study was to investigate the detoxification enzymes that are involved in an. arabiensis resistance to ddt and pyrethroids. | 2012 | 22676389 |
| human exposure to anopheline mosquitoes occurs primarily indoors, even for users of insecticide-treated nets in luangwa valley, south-east zambia. | current front line malaria vector control methods such as indoor residual spraying (irs) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins), rely upon the preference of many primary vectors to feed and/or rest inside human habitations where they can be targeted with domestically-applied insecticidal products. we studied the human biting behaviour of the malaria vector anopheles funestus giles and the potential malaria vector anopheles quadriannulatus theobald in luangwa valley, south-east zambia. | 2012 | 22647493 |
| lethal effects of aspergillus niger against mosquitoes vector of filaria, malaria, and dengue: a liquid mycoadulticide. | aspergillus niger is a fungus of the genus aspergillus. it has caused a disease called black mold on certain fruits and vegetables. the culture filtrates released from the a. niger atcc 66566 were grown in czapek dox broth (cdb) then filtered with flash chromatograph and were used for the bioassay after a growth of thirty days. the result demonstrated these mortalities with lc(50), lc(90), and lc(99) values of culex quinquefasciatus 0.76, 3.06, and 4.75, anopheles stephensi 1.43, 3.2, and 3.86, ... | 2012 | 22629156 |
| an affordable, quality-assured community-based system for high-resolution entomological surveillance of vector mosquitoes that reflects human malaria infection risk patterns. | more sensitive and scalable entomological surveillance tools are required to monitor low levels of transmission that are increasingly common across the tropics, particularly where vector control has been successful. a large-scale larviciding programme in urban dar es salaam, tanzania is supported by a community-based (cb) system for trapping adult mosquito densities to monitor programme performance. | 2012 | 22624853 |
| seasonal variation in metabolic rate, flight activity and body size of anopheles gambiae in the sahel. | malaria in africa is vectored primarily by the anopheles gambiae complex. although the mechanisms of population persistence during the dry season are not yet known, targeting dry season mosquitoes could provide opportunities for vector control. in the sahel, it appears likely that m-form a. gambiae survive by aestivation (entering a dormant state). to assess the role of eco-physiological changes associated with dry season survival, we measured body size, flight activity and metabolic rate of wil ... | 0 | 22623189 |
| dry season reproductive depression of anopheles gambiae in the sahel. | the african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae, is widespread south of the sahara including in dry savannahs and semi-arid environments where no surface water exists for several months a year. adults of the m form of an. gambiae persist through the long dry season, when no surface waters are available, by increasing their maximal survival from 4 weeks to 7 months. dry season diapause (aestivation) presumably underlies this extended survival. diapause in adult insects is intrinsically linked to ... | 2012 | 22609421 |
| abiotic and biotic factors associated with the presence of anopheles arabiensis immatures and their abundance in naturally occurring and man-made aquatic habitats. | anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) is a potential malaria vector commonly present at low altitudes in remote areas in reunion island. little attention has been paid to the environmental conditions driving larval development and abundance patterns in potential habitats. two field surveys were designed to determine whether factors that discriminate between aquatic habitats with and without an. arabiensis larvae also drive larval abundance, comparatively in man-made and naturally occurring h ... | 2012 | 22608179 |
| haemoglobin variants and plasmodium falciparum malaria in children under five years of age living in a high and seasonal malaria transmission area of burkina faso. | genetic factors play a key role in determining resistance/susceptibility to infectious disease. susceptibility of the human host to malaria infection has been reported to be influenced by genetic factors, which could be confounders if not taken into account in the assessment of the efficacy of interventions against malaria. this study aimed to assess the relationship between haemoglobin genotypes and malaria in children under five years in a site being characterized for future malaria vaccine tr ... | 2012 | 22559271 |
| distribution of drug resistance genotypes in plasmodium falciparum in an area of limited parasite diversity in saudi arabia. | two hundred and three plasmodium falciparum isolates from jazan area, southwest saudi arabia, were typed for pfcrt, pfmdr1, dhps, and dhfr mutations associated with resistance to chloroquine, mefloquine, halofantrine, artemisinin, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, and the neutral polymorphic gene pfg377. a large proportion (33%) of isolates harbored double mutant dhfr genotype (51i,59c,108n). however, only one isolate contained mutation dhps-437g. for pfcrt, almost all examined isolates (163; 99%) harb ... | 0 | 22556074 |
| the polymorphism and the geographical distribution of the knockdown resistance (kdr) of anopheles sinensis in the republic of korea. | in the republic of korea (rok), six sibling species of the anopheles sinensis complex are considered the vector species of malaria, but data on their susceptibilities to malaria and vector capacities have been controversial. the intensive use of insecticides has contributed to the rapid development and spread of insecticide resistance in the an. sinensis complex. knockdown resistance (kdr) to pyrethroids and ddt in the an. sinensis complex is associated with a mutation in codon 1014 of the volta ... | 2012 | 22554130 |
| differential plasmodium falciparum infection of anopheles gambiae s.s. molecular and chromosomal forms in mali. | anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) is a primary vector of plasmodium falciparum in sub-saharan africa. although some physiological differences among molecular and chromosomal forms of this species have been demonstrated, the relative susceptibility to malaria parasite infection among them has not been unequivocally shown. the objective of this study was to investigate p. falciparum circumsporozoite protein infection (csp) positivity among an. gambiae s.s. chromosomal and molecular forms. | 2012 | 22540973 |
| evaluation of 15 local plant species as larvicidal agents against an indian strain of dengue fever mosquito, aedes aegypti l. (diptera: culicidae). | the adverse effects of chemical insecticides-based intervention measures for the control of mosquito vectors have received wide public apprehension because of several problems like insecticide resistance, resurgence of pest species, environmental pollution, toxic hazards to humans, and non-target organisms. these problems have necessitated the need to explore and develop alternative strategies using eco-friendly, environmentally safe, bio-degradable plant products which are non-toxic to non-targ ... | 2012 | 22536188 |
| assessment of the effect of insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying for malaria control in three rural kebeles of adami tulu district, south central ethiopia. | in the adami tulu district, indoor residual spraying (irs) and insecticide-treated nets (itns) has been the main tool used to control malaria. the purpose of this study was to assess the effect of irs and itns control strategies in aneno shisho kebele (lowest administrative unit of ethiopia) compared with kamo gerbi (supplied itn only) and jela aluto (no irs and itns), with regards to the prevalence of malaria and mosquito density. | 2012 | 22533789 |
| the impact of indoor residual spraying on malaria incidence in east shoa zone, ethiopia. | in ethiopia, nearly 70% of the population resides in areas prone to malaria infection. the objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of indoor residual spraying (irs) on the incidence of malaria in east shoa zone of ethiopia. | 2012 | 22514514 |
| artemisinin-based combination therapy does not measurably reduce human infectiousness to vectors in a setting of intense malaria transmission. | artemisinin-based combination therapy (act) for treating malaria has activity against immature gametocytes. in theory, this property may complement the effect of terminating otherwise lengthy malaria infections and reducing the parasite reservoir in the human population that can infect vector mosquitoes. however, this has never been verified at a population level in a setting with intense transmission, where chronically infectious asymptomatic carriers are common and cured patients are rapidly a ... | 2012 | 22513162 |
| lethal and sublethal effects of avermectin/milbemycin parasiticides on the african malaria vector, anopheles arabiensis. | four cattle parasiticides of the avermectin/milbemycin class were examined for lethal and sublethal effects on the zoophilic, african malaria vector anopheles arabiensis. ivermectin, moxidectin, doramectin, and eprinomectin were mixed with bovine blood and provided to laboratory-reared an. arabiensis in a membrane feeder. ivermectin and eprinomectin were lethal to an. arabiensis at low concentrations (lc50s of 7.9 ppb and 8.5 ppb, respectively). while the lethality of doramectin (lc50 of 23.9 pp ... | 2012 | 22493850 |
| single-nucleotide polymorphisms for high-throughput genotyping of anopheles arabiensis in east and southern africa. | anopheles arabiensis patton is one of the principal vectors of malaria in sub-saharan africa, occupying a wide variety of ecological zones. this species is increasingly responsible for malaria transmission in africa and is becoming the dominant vector species in some localities. despite its growing importance, little is known about genetic polymorphisms in this species. multiple sequences of various gene fragments from an. arabiensis isolates from cameroon were obtained from genbank. in total, 2 ... | 0 | 22493848 |
| footprints of positive selection associated with a mutation (n1575y) in the voltage-gated sodium channel of anopheles gambiae. | insecticide resistance is an ideal model to study the emergence and spread of adaptative variants. in the african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae, this is complemented by a strong public health rationale. in this insect, resistance to pyrethroid and ddt insecticides is strongly associated with the mutations l1014f and l1014s within the para voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc). across much of west africa, 1014f frequency approaches fixation. here, we document the emergence of a mutation, n157 ... | 2012 | 22493253 |
| impact of mosquito bites on asexual parasite density and gametocyte prevalence in asymptomatic chronic plasmodium falciparum infections and correlation with ige and igg titers. | an immunomodulatory role of arthropod saliva has been well documented, but evidence for an effect on plasmodium sp. infectiousness remains controversial. mosquito saliva may orient the immune response toward a th2 profile, thereby priming a th2 response against subsequent antigens, including plasmodium. orientation toward a th1 versus a th2 profile promotes igg and ige proliferation, respectively, where the former is crucial for the development of an efficient antiparasite immune response. here ... | 2012 | 22451520 |
| exploiting the behaviour of wild malaria vectors to achieve high infection with fungal biocontrol agents. | control of mosquitoes that transmit malaria has been the mainstay in the fight against the disease, but alternative methods are required in view of emerging insecticide resistance. entomopathogenic fungi are candidate alternatives, but to date, few trials have translated the use of these agents to field-based evaluations of their actual impact on mosquito survival and malaria risk. mineral oil-formulations of the entomopathogenic fungi metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana were applied u ... | 2012 | 22449130 |
| prevalence of malaria infection in butajira area, south-central ethiopia. | in 2005, the ethiopian government launched a massive expansion of the malaria prevention and control programme. the programme was aimed mainly at the reduction of malaria in populations living below 2,000 m above sea level. global warming has been implicated in the increase in the prevalence of malaria in the highlands. however, there is still a paucity of information on the occurrence of malaria at higher altitudes. the objective of this study was to estimate malaria prevalence in highland area ... | 2012 | 22443307 |
| species shifts in the anopheles gambiae complex: do llins successfully control anopheles arabiensis? | high coverage of conventional and long-lasting insecticide treated nets (itns and llins) in parts of e africa are associated with reductions in local malaria burdens. shifts in malaria vector species ratio have coincided with the scale-up suggesting that some species are being controlled by itns/llins better than others. | 2012 | 22438864 |
| larval habitat, ecology, seasonal abundance and vectorial role in malaria transmission of anopheles arabiensis in jazan region of saudi arabia. | studies on the ecology and role in malaria transmission of the local anopheline fauna of an. arabiensis, was undertaken at the red sea coastal plain, the tihama, in saudi arabia, an area of moderate malaria endemicity. studies were carried out over a 13 months period from march 2007, by larval collection and by adult collection using pyrethrum knockdown (pkd), and cdc light-traps at 9 s sites. in total 479,520 mosquitoes of 14 species collected seven anopheles species were identified: an. gambia ... | 2011 | 22435155 |
| characterization of mosquito breeding sites in and in the vicinity of tigray microdams. | malaria vector control in ethiopia has a history of more than 50 years, but malaria remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in ethiopia. thus, targeting the control program on the larval stage is of paramount importance. this study aimed to characterize the aquatic habitats of vector mosquito larvae associated with micro-dams. | 0 | 22434986 |
| spatial repellency of transfluthrin-treated hessian strips against laboratory-reared anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes in a semi-field tunnel cage. | vapour phase spatial repellents deter mosquitoes from attacking one or more humans in a protected space. simulation models indicate that high coverage of spatial repellents can enhance the impact of long - lasting insecticide nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying (irs) where mosquito vectors commonly bite humans outdoors. here we report a preliminary evaluation of an effective, user-friendly prototype product for delivering spatial repellents to protect against malaria vector mosquitoes. | 2012 | 22433128 |
| igg responses to the gsg6-p1 salivary peptide for evaluating human exposure to anopheles bites in urban areas of dakar region, sénégal. | urban malaria can be a serious public health problem in africa. human-landing catches of mosquitoes, a standard entomological method to assess human exposure to malaria vector bites, can lack sensitivity in areas where exposure is low. a simple and highly sensitive tool could be a complementary indicator for evaluating malaria exposure in such epidemiological contexts. the human antibody response to the specific anopheles gsg6-p1 salivary peptide have been described as an adequate tool biomarker ... | 2012 | 22424570 |
| malaria vectors in lake victoria and adjacent habitats in western kenya. | the prevalence of malaria among the residents of the lake victoria basin remains high. the environment associated with the lake may maintain a high number of malaria vectors. lake habitats including water hyacinths have been suspected to be the source of vectors. this study investigated whether malaria vectors breed in the lake habitats and adjacent backwater pools. anopheline larvae were collected within the littoral zone of the lake and adjacent pools located along approximately 24.3 km of the ... | 2012 | 22412913 |
| ookinete destruction within the mosquito midgut lumen explains anopheles albimanus refractoriness to plasmodium falciparum (3d7a) oocyst infection. | previous studies have shown that the central american mosquito vector, anopheles albimanus, is generally refractory to oocyst infection with allopatric isolates of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum. however, the reasons for the refractoriness of a. albimanus to infection with such isolates of p. falciparum are unknown. in the current study, we investigated the infectivity of the p. falciparum clone 3d7a to laboratory-reared a. albimanus and another natural vector of human malaria, ... | 2012 | 22366731 |
| light traps fail to estimate reliable malaria mosquito biting rates on bioko island, equatorial guinea. | the human biting rate (hbr), an important parameter for assessing malaria transmission and evaluating vector control interventions, is commonly estimated by human landing collections (hlc). although intense efforts have been made to find alternative non-exposure mosquito collection methods, hlc remains the standard for providing reliable and consistent hbrs. the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between human landing and light trap collections (ltc), in an attempt to estimate oper ... | 2012 | 22364588 |
| high prevalence of malaria in zambezia, mozambique: the protective effect of irs versus increased risks due to pig-keeping and house construction. | african countries are scaling up malaria interventions, especially insecticide treated nets (itn) and indoor residual spraying (irs), for which ambitious coverage targets have been set. in spite of these efforts infection prevalence remains high in many parts of the continent. this study investigated risk factors for malaria infection in children using three malaria indicator surveys from zambezia province, mozambique. the impact of irs and itns, the effects of keeping farm animals and of the co ... | 2012 | 22363640 |
| asymptomatic carriage of plasmodium in urban dakar: the risk of malaria should not be underestimated. | the objective of this study was to measure the rate of asymptomatic carriage of plasmodium in the dakar region two years after the implementation of new strategies in clinical malaria management. | 2012 | 22363558 |
| the vector population monitoring tool (vpmt): high-throughput dna-based diagnostics for the monitoring of mosquito vector populations. | regular monitoring of mosquito vector populations is an integral component of most vector control programmes. contemporary data on mosquito species composition, infection status, and resistance to insecticides are a prerequisite for effective intervention. for this purpose we, with funding from the innovative vector control consortium (ivcc), have developed a suite of high-throughput assays based on a single "closed-tube" platform that collectively comprise the "vector population monitoring tool ... | 2010 | 22347668 |