Publications
Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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overexpression of multiple detoxification genes in deltamethrin resistant laodelphax striatellus (hemiptera: delphacidae) in china. | the small brown planthopper (sbph), laodelphax striatellus (fallén), is one of the major rice pests in asia and has developed resistance to multiple classes of insecticides. understanding resistance mechanisms is essential to the management of this pest. biochemical and molecular assays were performed in this study to systematically characterize deltamethrin resistance mechanisms with laboratory-selected resistant and susceptible strains of sbph. | 2013 | 24324548 |
effect of new ethyl and methyl carbamates on rhipicephalus microplus larvae and adult ticks resistant to conventional ixodicides. | the effects of six new synthetic carbamates on fully engorged females of four rhipicephalus microplus strains (one reference strain susceptible to conventional ixodicides, two strains multiresistant to ixodicides and one tick field isolate) were compared. in addition, the effect of two other new synthetic carbamates was tested on larvae from the same strains. the first six tested carbamates reduced egg laying and inhibited egg hatching in the four studied strains (p<0.05). compared with untreate ... | 2014 | 24315692 |
the action of two ethyl carbamates on acetylcholinesterase and reproductive organs of rhipicephalus microplus. | the effects produced by the new synthetic carbamates ethyl-(4-bromophenyl) carbamate and ethyl-(4-chlorophenyl) carbamate on the acetylcholinesterase (ache) activity, egg structure and reproductive organs of two rhipicephalus microplus strains were evaluated. inhibition kinetic parameters showed that the studied carbamates are weak inhibitors and have a low affinity for r. microplus ache. histologically, in oocytes from carbamate-treated engorged female ticks, a loss of shape, cytoplasmic vacuol ... | 2014 | 24315691 |
systematic review of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: virology, epidemiology, and clinical characteristics. | severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) was firstly discovered in china in 2010, followed by several reports from many other countries worldwide. sfts virus (sftsv) has been identified as the causative agent of the disease and has been recognized as a public health threat. this novel bunyavirus belongs to the phlebovirus genus in the family bunyaviridae. this review also describes the different aspects of virology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, and clinical symptoms on the basis of the ... | 2013 | 24310908 |
risk factors for anaplasmosis in dairy cows during the peripartum. | anaplasma marginale is endemic in tropical and subtropical areas around the world. some studies have suggested that cows during peripartum may present a transient immunosuppression state and development of clinical signs of anaplasmosis. the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between some risk factors and the seroprevalence of a. marginale in dairy cows during peripartum in rio de janeiro, brazil. the risk factors analyzed in association with the prevalence of antibodies again ... | 2014 | 24307390 |
determination of the susceptibility of unengorged larvae and engorged females of rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae) to different methods of dissolving thymol. | the present study evaluated efficacy of thymol against engorged females and unengorged larvae of rhipicephalus microplus when diluted in 1 % dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) (formulation 1) and diluted in hydro-ethanol solutions of 50 % (formulation 2), 40 % (formulation 3), and 30 % (formulation 4). the immersion test was used on the engorged females for all dilution methods, while the larval packet method was applied to the larvae to test formulations 3 and 4 since the other two had already been test ... | 2014 | 24292541 |
functional characterisation of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α subunit from the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus. | ticks and tick-borne diseases have a major impact on human and animal health worldwide. current control strategies rely heavily on the use of chemical acaricides, most of which target the cns and with increasing resistance, new drugs are urgently needed. nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachrs) are targets of highly successful insecticides. we isolated a full-length nachr α subunit from a normalised cdna library from the synganglion (brain) of the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus. phyl ... | 2013 | 24291321 |
global distribution of bartonella infections in domestic bovine and characterization of bartonella bovis strains using multi-locus sequence typing. | bartonella bovis is commonly detected in cattle. one b. bovis strain was recently isolated from a cow with endocarditis in the usa, suggesting its role as an animal pathogen. in the present study, we investigated bartonella infections in 893 cattle from five countries (kenya, thailand, japan, georgia, and guatemala) and 103 water buffaloes from thailand to compare the prevalence of the infection among different regions and different bovid hosts. we developed a multi-locus sequence typing (mlst) ... | 2013 | 24278342 |
solanum trilobatum extract-mediated synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles to control pediculus humanus capitis, hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and anopheles subpictus. | titanium dioxide nanoparticles (tio2 nps) are widely used in paints, printing ink, rubber, paper, cosmetics, sunscreens, car materials, cleaning air products, industrial photocatalytic processes, and decomposing organic matters in wastewater due to their unique physical, chemical, and biological properties. the present study was conducted to assess the antiparasitic efficacies of synthesized tio2 nps utilizing leaf aqueous extract of solanum trilobatum against the adult head louse, pediculus hum ... | 2014 | 24265057 |
an update on distribution models for rhipicephalus microplus in west africa. | the cattle tick, rhipicephalus microplus, which reached the west african region approximately 8 years ago, has established viable populations in côte d'ivoire and benin and spread rapidly from the assumed points of introduction. however, existing maps of its distribution range do not agree on the areas at risk, most probably due to suboptimal modelling approaches. therefore, we undertook a re-investigation of the potential distribution range based on a high-quality dataset from west africa that ... | 2013 | 24258904 |
first occurrence of amblyomma ovale in the state of rio grande do norte, brazil. | this study aims to report the occurrence of parasitism by amblyomma ovale (koch, 1844) in dogs in the municipality of apodi, rio grande do norte, brazil. specimens were identified as being one female and two males of a. ovale, besides; the animal was infested by five females of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and seven females and three males of r. sanguineus. the finding of a. ovale confirms results in the literature that these ticks, reported in several species of wild carnivores, can also ... | 2013 | 24252966 |
environmentally associated ticks (acari: ixodidae) in campo grande, mato grosso do sul, brazil. | herein, we report tick species found on wild and domestic animals and in the environment during a one-year sampling period at the brazilian farming research company beef cattle unit (embrapa beef cattle), which is located within the urban area of campo grande, mato grosso do sul, brazil. from 55 wild hosts including six different species (nasua nasua, cebus spp., cerdocyon thous, myrmecophaga tridactyla, tamandua tetradactyla and dasyprocta aguti), 323 ticks were collected. amblyomma ovale ticks ... | 2013 | 24252958 |
a comparative study on cypermethrin resistance in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and hyalomma anatolicum from punjab (india). | a study to evaluate cypermethrin resistance in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and hyalomma anatolicum collected from muktsar and mansa districts of punjab state, india, was conducted by using adult immersion test (ait). the regression graphs of probit mortality of ticks plotted against log values of concentrations of cypermethrin was utilized for the determination of slope of mortality, lethal concentration for 50% (lc50), and the resistance factor (rf). on the basis of the data generated o ... | 2014 | 24252261 |
an aspartic protease of the scabies mite sarcoptes scabiei is involved in the digestion of host skin and blood macromolecules. | scabies is a disease of worldwide significance, causing considerable morbidity in both humans and other animals. the scabies mite sarcoptes scabiei burrows into the skin of its host, obtaining nutrition from host skin and blood. aspartic proteases mediate a range of diverse and essential physiological functions such as tissue invasion and migration, digestion, moulting and reproduction in a number of parasitic organisms. we investigated whether aspartic proteases may play role in scabies mite di ... | 2013 | 24244770 |
rps8--a new informative dna marker for phylogeny of babesia and theileria parasites in china. | piroplasmosis is a serious debilitating and sometimes fatal disease. phylogenetic relationships within piroplasmida are complex and remain unclear. we compared the intron-exon structure and dna sequences of the rps8 gene from babesia and theileria spp. isolates in china. similar to 18s rdna, the 40s ribosomal protein s8 gene, rps8, including both coding and non-coding regions is a useful and novel genetic marker for defining species boundaries and for inferring phylogenies because it tends to ha ... | 2013 | 24244571 |
flybase 102--advanced approaches to interrogating flybase. | flybase (http://flybase.org) is the leading website and database of drosophila genes and genomes. whether you are using the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster as an experimental system or wish to understand drosophila biological knowledge in relation to human disease or to other model systems, flybase can help you successfully find the information you are looking for. here, we demonstrate some of our more advanced searching systems and highlight some of our new tools for searching the wealth of d ... | 2013 | 24234449 |
entomopathogenic nematodes associated with essential oil of lippia sidoides for control of rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | in vitro effect of the association of the entomopathogenic nematodes heterorhabditis bacteriophora hp88 and heterorhabditis indica lpp1 with the essential oil of lippia sidoides on engorged females of rhipicephalus microplus was assessed. engorged females with homogeneous weights (p >0.05) were divided into six groups of ten ticks each (each female = an experimental unit). in the treated groups, the ticks were exposed to the oil (40 μl/ml=4%) and nematodes (300 entomopathogenic nematodes (epns/t ... | 2014 | 24233407 |
in vitro acaricidal efficacy of plant extracts from brazilian flora and isolated substances against rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the tick rhipicephalus microplus causes significant losses in livestock cattle and has developed increasing resistance to the primary acaricides that are used to treat these infections. the objective of this study was to identify new biomolecules or isolated substances showing acaricidal activity from plants. larval packet tests were conducted to evaluate the effects of 11 species of plants and three isolated substances (betulinic acid, eugenol, and nerolidol) on r. microplus. an adult female im ... | 2014 | 24221889 |
acaricide activity of different extracts from piper tuberculatum fruits against rhipicephalus microplus. | rhipicephalus microplus is the main tick that affects cattle. plant bioactive molecules can be used to control this ectoparasite. the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of piper tuberculatum fruit extracts obtained with different solvents on r. microplus larvae and engorged females. hexane, ethyl ether, ethanolic, and methanolic extracts of p. tuberculatum fruits were evaluated. after extraction, all of the extracts were dried. adult immersion tests and larval packet tests w ... | 2014 | 24221883 |
international union of basic and clinical pharmacology. [corrected]. lxxxix. update on the extended family of chemokine receptors and introducing a new nomenclature for atypical chemokine receptors. | sixteen years ago, the nomenclature committee of the international union of pharmacology approved a system for naming human seven-transmembrane (7tm) g protein-coupled chemokine receptors, the large family of leukocyte chemoattractant receptors that regulates immune system development and function, in large part by mediating leukocyte trafficking. this was announced in pharmacological reviews in a major overview of the first decade of research in this field [murphy pm, baggiolini m, charo if, hé ... | 2013 | 24218476 |
investigation of tick vectors of hepatozoon canis in brazil. | hepatozoon canis is a common apicomplexan parasite of dogs. in brazil, in addition to rhipicephalus sanguineus, amblyomma ovale, amblyomma cajennense, and rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus have been suggested to act as vectors. the present study aimed to evaluate, under controlled conditions, the acquisition of h. canis by a. ovale, r. sanguineus, and a. cajennense after feeding on naturally infected dogs. cytological and histophatological examinations were performed to recover oocysts and oth ... | 2013 | 24209494 |
inhibitor profile of bis(n)-tacrines and n-methylcarbamates on acetylcholinesterase from rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and phlebotomus papatasi. | the cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (bm), and the sand fly, phlebotomus papatasi (pp), are disease vectors to cattle and humans, respectively. the purpose of this study was to characterize the inhibitor profile of acetylcholinesterases from bm (bmache1) and pp (ppache) compared to human and bovine ache, in order to identify divergent pharmacology that might lead to selective inhibitors. results indicate that bmache has low sensitivity (ic50 = 200 μm) toward tacrine, a monovalent ... | 0 | 24187393 |
acaricidal activity of cymbopogon winterianus, vitex negundo and withania somnifera against synthetic pyrethroid resistant rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | detection of resistance levels against cypermethrin and deltamethrin, the most commonly used synthetic pyrethroids (sps) against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus collected from moga, punjab (india) was carried out using larval packet test. results indicated the presence of resistance of level i and iii against cypermethrin (resistance factors (rf) = 4.67) and deltamethrin (rf = 34.2), respectively. adult immersion test was used to assess the acaricidal activity of aqueous and ethanolic extrac ... | 2014 | 24178747 |
does rhipicephalus microplus tick infestation increase the risk for myiasis caused by cochliomyia hominivorax in cattle? | the larval phase of cochliomyia hominivorax (screwworm) is an obligate parasite of vertebrate animals, particularly mammals, and widespread in south america, where it remains one of the most important parasitic diseases of domestic animals. the skin of cattle highly infested by ticks, with cutaneous lesions, exudation of tissue fluid and blood scent seems to produce the ideal environment for fly attraction. however, an association between these parasites was never investigated. the aim of this w ... | 2014 | 24176137 |
the embryogenesis of the tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus: the establishment of a new chelicerate model system. | chelicerates, which include spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions, and horseshoe crabs, are members of the phylum arthropoda. in recent years, several molecular experimental studies of chelicerates have examined the embryology of spiders; however, the embryology of other groups, such as ticks (acari: parasitiformes), has been largely neglected. ticks and mites are believed to constitute a monophyletic group, the acari. due to their blood-sucking activities, ticks are also known to be vectors of sever ... | 2013 | 24166799 |
diversity of rickettsiales in the microbiome of the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum. | ticks are important vectors for many emerging pathogens. however, they are also infected with many symbionts and commensals, often competing for the same niches. in this paper, we characterize the microbiome of amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae), the lone star tick, in order to better understand the evolutionary relationships between pathogens and nonpathogens. multitag pyrosequencing of prokaryotic 16s rrna genes (16s rrna) was performed on 20 lone star ticks (including males, females, and ... | 2014 | 24162580 |
natural blood feeding and temperature shift modulate the global transcriptional profile of rickettsia rickettsii infecting its tick vector. | rickettsia rickettsii is an obligate intracellular tick-borne bacterium that causes rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf), the most lethal spotted fever rickettsiosis. when an infected starving tick begins blood feeding from a vertebrate host, r. rickettsii is exposed to a temperature elevation and to components in the blood meal. these two environmental stimuli have been previously associated with the reactivation of rickettsial virulence in ticks, but the factors responsible for this phenotype c ... | 2013 | 24155949 |
identification and structural-functional analysis of cyclin-dependent kinases of the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) are a family of serine/threonine kinases essential for cell cycle progression. herein, we describe the participation of cdks in the physiology of rhipicephalus microplus, the southern cattle tick and an important disease vector. firstly, amino acid sequences homologous with cdks of other organisms were identified from a r. microplus transcriptome database in silico. the analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of cdk1 and cdk10 from r. microplus showed that bo ... | 2013 | 24146826 |
epidemiology of ixodid ticks in cattle population of various agro-climatic zones of punjab, india. | to determine the epidemiology of ixodid ticks in bovines of different agro-climatic zones of punjab state, india. | 2013 | 24144025 |
characterization of the pyrethroid resistance profile of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus populations from the states of rio grande do sul and mato grosso do sul, brazil. | cattle ticks rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus are mainly controlled in brazil by means of acaricide products, without any official policies in this regard. acaricides continue to be sold indiscriminately, and this has contributed towards making the problem of resistance widespread, thus making diagnosis and monitoring of tick resistance essential. here, bioassays (larval packet test) were performed on tick populations from the states of rio grande do sul and mato grosso do sul regarding their ... | 2013 | 24142169 |
ovary histology and quantification of hemolymph proteins of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus treated with melia azedarach. | this study aimed to analyze ovary histology and quantify total protein in the hemolymph of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus females treated with hexane extracts from green fruits of melia azedarach. eight engorged females were immersed in the extract at 0.25% concentration, and eight in water containing 5% acetone (control). the females were dissected 72 hours after treatment, and the ovaries were weighed and subjected to standard histological techniques. the total protein concentration was m ... | 2013 | 24142163 |
demographic fitness of belminus ferroae (hemiptera: triatominae) on three different hosts under laboratory conditions. | triatominae are widely recognised for their role as vectors of trypanosoma cruzi. one of the main biological characteristics of this subfamily is their obligate haematophagous condition. however, previous studies on belminus herreri and belminus ferroae suggested that cockroaches are their principal hosts in domiciles. due to this peculiar behaviour, the aim of this study was to analyse several demographic and reproductive parameters of b. ferroae fed on three different hosts (mice, cockroaches ... | 0 | 24141961 |
effect of deforestation and introduction of exotic grasses as livestock forage on the population dynamics of the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) in northern argentina. | the effect of deforestation and the introduction of exotic grasses on the population dynamics of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus in northern argentina was analysed. biological parameters that were measured included proportion of females ovipositing, pre-oviposition period, incubation period of eggs, proportion of egg clusters hatching, larval longevity and total non-parasitic period. no significant differences were observed in proportion of females ovipositing and in pre-oviposition period b ... | 2013 | 24140239 |
host specialization in ticks and transmission of tick-borne diseases: a review. | determining patterns of host use, and the frequency at which these patterns change, are of key importance if we are to understand tick population dynamics, the evolution of tick biodiversity, and the circulation and evolution of associated pathogens. the question of whether ticks are typically host specialists or host generalists has been subject to much debate over the last half-century. indeed, early research proposed that morphological diversity in ticks was linked to host specific adaptation ... | 2013 | 24109592 |
update on tick-borne rickettsioses around the world: a geographic approach. | tick-borne rickettsioses are caused by obligate intracellular bacteria belonging to the spotted fever group of the genus rickettsia. these zoonoses are among the oldest known vector-borne diseases. however, in the past 25 years, the scope and importance of the recognized tick-associated rickettsial pathogens have increased dramatically, making this complex of diseases an ideal paradigm for the understanding of emerging and reemerging infections. several species of tick-borne rickettsiae that wer ... | 0 | 24092850 |
vaccination with proteins involved in tick-pathogen interactions reduces vector infestations and pathogen infection. | tick-borne pathogens cause diseases that greatly impact animal health and production worldwide. the ultimate goal of tick vaccines is to protect against tick-borne diseases through the control of vector infestations and reducing pathogen infection and transmission. tick genetic traits are involved in vector-pathogen interactions and some of these molecules such as subolesin (sub) have been shown to protect against vector infestations and pathogen infection. based on these premises, herein we cha ... | 2013 | 24084474 |
effect of attractant sex pheromone on immature larval stages of ixodid tick species. | attractant sex pheromone (asp) 2,6-dichloro phenol was used in the current study to evaluate the percentage attraction and the behavioural responses of the five ixodid tick species namely rhipicephalus sanguineus, rhipicephalus microplus (boophilus microplus), haemaphysalis bispinosa, rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides and hyalomma marginatum using petridish bioassay. two concentrations of 2,6-dcp (0.1 m and 0.05 m) was used for the larval stages of all five ixodid tick species of which 0.1 m concen ... | 2012 | 24082519 |
mutation in the rmβaor gene is associated with amitraz resistance in the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus. | we aimed to describe the evolution of resistance to amitraz in rhipicephalus microplus in the field and to test the association between amitraz resistance and the frequency of a mutation in the β-adrenergic octopamine receptor gene (rmβaor). we established six populations of rhipicephalus microplus ticks in similar paddocks by the admixture of ticks from strains known to be susceptible and resistant to amitraz and synthetic pyrethroids. each population was managed using one of three acaricide tr ... | 2013 | 24082133 |
molecular prevalence of babesia bigemina and trypanosoma evansi in dairy animals from punjab, india, by duplex pcr: a step forward to the detection and management of concurrent latent infections. | specific duplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was employed on 411 (386 cattle and 25 buffaloes) blood samples of dairy animals from 9 districts of punjab, india, for simultaneous detection of babesia bigemina and trypanosoma evansi. the results were compared and correlated with conventional giemsa stained thin blood smear (gstbs) examination and haematological alterations to know the clinical status and pathogenicity of infections. the bg3/bg4 and tr3/tr4 primers were used in duplex pcr for b. ... | 2013 | 24069605 |
heteroplasmy in the mitochondrial genomes of human lice and ticks revealed by high throughput sequencing. | the typical mitochondrial (mt) genomes of bilateral animals consist of 37 genes on a single circular chromosome. the mt genomes of the human body louse, pediculus humanus, and the human head louse, pediculus capitis, however, are extensively fragmented and contain 20 minichromosomes, with one to three genes on each minichromosome. heteroplasmy, i.e. nucleotide polymorphisms in the mt genome within individuals, has been shown to be significantly higher in the mt cox1 gene of human lice than in hu ... | 2013 | 24058467 |
cellular responses to rhipicephalus microplus infestations in pre-sensitised cattle with differing phenotypes of infestation. | the blue tick, rhipicephalus microplus, threatens cattle production in most tropical and subtropical areas of the world. delayed skin hypersensitivity reactions are thought to cause nguni cattle to be more resistant to r. microplus than bonsmara cattle yet the cellular mechanisms responsible for these differences have not been classified. tick counts and inflammatory cell infiltrates in skin biopsies from feeding sites of adult r. microplus ticks were determined in 9-month-old nguni and bonsmara ... | 2014 | 24057115 |
molecular and functional characterization of the first tick cap2b (periviscerokinin) receptor from rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the cdna of the receptor for cap(2b)/periviscerokinin (pvk) neuropeptides, designated rhimi-cap(2b)-r, was cloned from synganglia of tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. this receptor is the ortholog of the insect cap(2b)/pvk receptor, as concluded from analyses of the predicted protein sequence, phylogenetics and functional expression. expression analyses of synganglion, salivary gland, malpighian tubule, and ovary revealed rhimi-cap(2b)-r transcripts. the expression in mammalian cells of ... | 2013 | 24055303 |
sequence characterization and immunogenicity of cystatins from the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | various classes of endopeptidases and their inhibitors facilitate blood feeding and digestion in ticks. cystatins, a family of tight-binding and reversible inhibitors of cysteine endopeptidases, have recently been found in several tick tissues. moreover, vaccine trials using tick cystatins have been found to induce protective immune responses against tick infestation. however, the mode of action of tick cystatins is still poorly understood, limiting the elucidation of their physiological role. a ... | 2013 | 24035585 |
biocontrol of pigeon tick argas reflexus (acari: argasidae) by entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae (ascomycota: hypocreales). | the pigeon tick argas reflexus is a pathogen-transmitting soft tick that typically feeds on pigeons, but can also attack humans causing local and systemic reactions. chemical control is made difficult due to environmental contamination and resistance development. as a result, there is much interest in increasing the role of other strategies like biological control. in this study, the efficacy of three strains (v245, 685 and 715c) of entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae for biological c ... | 2011 | 24031777 |
in vitro establishment and propagation of a brazilian strain of anaplasma marginale with appendage in ide8 (ixodes scapularis) cells. | a brazilian isolate of anaplasma marginale with appendage was successfully established and maintained in vitro in a tick cell line (ide8). infection was confirmed by optical and transmission electron microscopy. in addition, primers msp1anf2 and msp1anr2 amplified products from dna extracted from infected ide8 cells. comparisons with partial sequences of the msp1α gene and the complete genome of a. marginale confirmed that the sequences of amplified fragments were from the a. marginale genome. t ... | 2009 | 24031379 |
proteome of rhipicephalus sanguineus tick saliva induced by the secretagogues pilocarpine and dopamine. | one dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to separate proteins from the saliva of rhipicephalus sanguineus female ticks fed on rabbits. gel slices were subjected to tryptic digestion and analyzed by reversed-phase hplc followed by ms/ms analysis. the data were compared to a database of salivary proteins of the same tick and to the predicted proteins of the host. saliva was obtained by either pilocarpine or dopamine stimulation of partially fed ticks. electrophoretic separations of both yielde ... | 2013 | 24029695 |
the predicted secretome and transmembranome of the poultry red mite dermanyssus gallinae. | the worldwide distributed hematophagous poultry red mite dermanyssus gallinae (de geer, 1778) is one of the most important pests of poultry. even though 35 acaricide compounds are available, control of d. gallinae remains difficult due to acaricide resistances as well as food safety regulations. the current study was carried out to identify putative excretory/secretory (pes) proteins of d. gallinae since these proteins play an important role in the host-parasite interaction and therefore represe ... | 2013 | 24020355 |
diversity and convergence of sodium channel mutations involved in resistance to pyrethroids. | pyrethroid insecticides target voltage-gated sodium channels, which are critical for electrical signaling in the nervous system. the intensive use of pyrethroids in controlling arthropod pests and disease vectors has led to many instances of pyrethroid resistance around the globe. in the past two decades, studies have identified a large number of sodium channel mutations that are associated with resistance to pyrethroids. the purpose of this review is to summarize both common and unique sodium c ... | 0 | 24019556 |
new data regarding distribution of cattle ticks in the south-western indian ocean islands. | recent studies have produced new insight into the origin and distribution of some cattle ticks in the south-western indian ocean islands. rhipicephalus appendiculatus, introduced from tanzania in 2002, is now well established on grande comore but has not yet reached the other islands of the archipelago (mohéli, anjouan and mayotte). only one of the two clades identified in africa has settled so far. amblyomma variegatum, which was not supposed to be able to persist in the antananarivo region (13 ... | 2013 | 24016261 |
entomopathogenic marine actinomycetes as potential and low-cost biocontrol agents against bloodsucking arthropods. | a novel approach to control strategies for integrated blood-feeding parasite management is in high demand, including the use of biological control agents. the present study aims to determine the efficacy of optimized crude extract of actinomycetes strain lk1 as biological control agent against the fourth-instar larvae of anopheles stephensi and culex tritaeniorhynchus (diptera: culicidae) and adults of haemaphysalis bispinosa, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae), and hippobosca ... | 2013 | 24013340 |
ultrastructure of ehrlichia mineirensis, a new member of the ehrlichia genus. | recently, we reported the in vitro isolation and the molecular characterization of a new species of ehrlichia (ehrlichia mineirensis) from haemolymph of brazilian rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks. this organism shows an ortholog of ehrlichia canis major immunogenic protein gp36 with a new structure of tandem repeats. in the present study, we used electron microscopy (high pressure freezing and freeze substitution preparative techniques) to characterize morphologically this new agent gro ... | 2013 | 23998429 |
identification and characterization of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and haemaphysalis bispinosa ticks (acari: ixodidae) of northeast india by its2 and 16s rdna sequences and morphological analysis. | to investigate and identify the ticks prevalent in the north east part of india, scanning electron microscope (sem) and dna sequence of nuclear second internal transcribed spacer (its2) and mitochondrial 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) were used. based on the morphological and molecular analysis, the ticks infesting cattle of north east india were found to be rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and haemaphysalis bispinosa. its2 and 16s rdna sequence from r. (b.) microplus and h. bispinosa were amplifie ... | 2014 | 23990074 |
inorganic polyphosphates regulate hexokinase activity and reactive oxygen species generation in mitochondria of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus embryo. | the physiological roles of polyphosphates (poly p) recently found in arthropod mitochondria remain obscure. here, the possible involvement of poly p with reactive oxygen species generation in mitochondria of rhipicephalus microplus embryos was investigated. mitochondrial hexokinase and scavenger antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase were assayed during embryogenesis of r. microplus. the influence of poly p₃ and poly p₁₅ were analyzed during the pe ... | 2013 | 23983617 |
lesser protein degradation machinery correlates with higher bm86 tick vaccine efficacy in rhipicephalus annulatus when compared to rhipicephalus microplus. | infestations with cattle ticks, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and rhipicephalus annulatus, economically impact cattle production in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. vaccines containing the recombinant r. microplus bm86 gut antigen were developed and commercialized to induce an immunological protection in cattle against tick infestations. these vaccines demonstrated that tick control by vaccination is cost-effective, reduces environmental contamination and prevents the selecti ... | 2013 | 23973246 |
tick salivary compounds: their role in modulation of host defences and pathogen transmission. | ticks require blood meal to complete development and reproduction. multifunctional tick salivary glands play a pivotal role in tick feeding and transmission of pathogens. tick salivary molecules injected into the host modulate host defence responses to the benefit of the feeding ticks. to colonize tick organs, tick-borne microorganisms must overcome several barriers, i.e., tick gut membrane, tick immunity, and moulting. tick-borne pathogens co-evolved with their vectors and hosts and developed m ... | 2013 | 23971008 |
de novo ixodes ricinus salivary gland transcriptome analysis using two next-generation sequencing methodologies. | tick salivary gland (sg) proteins possess powerful pharmacologic properties that facilitate tick feeding and pathogen transmission. for the first time, sg transcriptomes of ixodes ricinus, an important disease vector for humans and animals, were analyzed using next-generation sequencing. sgs were collected from different tick life stages fed on various animal species, including cofeeding of nymphs and adults on the same host. four cdna samples were sequenced, discriminating tick sg transcriptome ... | 2013 | 23964076 |
use of polymerase chain reaction: restriction fragment length polymorphism to detect acaricidal resistance to synthetic pyrethroids in boophilus microplus ticks of south india. | boophilus microplus is an important ectoparasite of livestock. apart from transmitting diseases, heavy tick burden can decrease production and damage hides. the synthetic pyrethroids which are advantageous over other acaricides for treatment of this infestation are now losing their efficacy due to development of resistant strains of ticks. | 0 | 23961446 |
association between entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi for control of rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the aim of the study was to assess the effect of the association of entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi on rhipicephalus microplus. the nematodes used were heterorhabditis bacteriophora hp88 and heterorhabditis indica lpp1 and the fungi were metarhizium anisopliae ibcb 116 and beauveria bassiana esalq 986. in the groups treated with the fungi, the females were immersed for 3 min in a conidial suspension, while in the groups treated with the nematodes, the ticks were exposed to infective juvenil ... | 2013 | 23949242 |
in vitro and in vivo evaluation of cypermethrin, amitraz, and piperonyl butoxide mixtures for the control of resistant rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) in the mexican tropics. | a study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of cypermethrin, amitraz, and piperonyl butoxide (pbo) mixtures, through in vitro laboratory bioassays and in vivo on-animal efficacy trials, for the control of resistant rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus on cattle in the mexican tropics. also, to examine mechanisms of resistance to cypermethrin in this tick population, the frequency of a mutated sodium channel gene (f1550i) was determined using a pcr assay. results of laboratory bioassays using m ... | 2013 | 23948559 |
resistance of beef cattle of two genetic groups to ectoparasites and gastrointestinal nematodes in the state of são paulo, brazil. | the resistance to infestations by ectoparasites and infections by gastrointestinal nematodes was studied in 45 animals (males and females) of two genetic groups: purebred nelore (ni, n=28) and three-cross (1/2 angus+1/4 canchim+1/4 nelore - tc, n=17). the animals were monitored for 24 months, during which they were left to graze in tropical pastures without receiving treatment for parasites. each month the animals were examined for infestations by external parasites, to count the numbers of catt ... | 2013 | 23916059 |
identification of tropomyosin and its immunological properties from larvae of cattle tick, boophilus annulatus. | boophilus annulatus is an obligate blood feeder tick that can cause great losses in animals due to anemia and its ability to injure its host skin directly. the aim of this study was identification of cattle humoral immune response to some tick proteins during experimental infestation. | 2013 | 23914237 |
effect of stemona spp. against rhipicephalus microplus. | stemona plants have been traditionally used against various insects in thailand and southeast asian countries. the acaricidal efficacy of 9 species of stemona grown in thailand was evaluated against dairy cattle tick, rhipicephalus microplus using adult immersion test and in vivo evaluation on infested calves. from the ten stemona root extracts used in this study, s. collinsiae of a concentration 250 mg/ml possessed the highest activity. in vivo study revealed that s. collinsiae extract could si ... | 2013 | 23912630 |
tissue expression and the host's immunological recognition of a rhipicephalus microplus paramyosin. | rhipicephalus microplus is a parasite that causes economic losses in cattle herds, and immunological control is the most promising alternative to replace chemical control. the muscular protein paramyosin has been additionally found in non-muscle tissues and characterized as presenting activities that enable the evasion of the host's immune system in various parasites. this report investigated the recognition level of paramyosin by sera of infested bovines, its expression in tissues, organs and d ... | 2013 | 23906807 |
expression of a gaba(b) - receptor in olfactory sensory neurons of sensilla trichodea on the male antenna of the moth heliothis virescens. | in the olfactory pathway of drosophila, a gabab receptor mediated presynaptic gain control mechanism at the first synapse between olfactory sensory neurons (osns) and projection neurons has been suggested to play a critical role in setting the sensitivity and detection range of the sensory system. to approach the question if such a mechanism may be realized in the pheromone recognition system of male moths in this study attempts were made to explore if moth's pheromone-responsive cells express a ... | 2013 | 23904795 |
function of a glutamine synthetase-like protein in bacterial aniline oxidation via γ-glutamylanilide. | acinetobacter sp. strain yaa has five genes (atda1 to atda5) involved in aniline oxidation as a part of the aniline degradation gene cluster. from sequence analysis, the five genes were expected to encode a glutamine synthetase (gs)-like protein (atda1), a glutamine amidotransferase-like protein (atda2), and an aromatic compound dioxygenase (atda3, atda4, and atda5) (m. takeo, t. fujii, and y. maeda, j. ferment. bioeng. 85:17-24, 1998). a recombinant pseudomonas strain harboring these five genes ... | 2013 | 23893114 |
morphological and genetic diversity of rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato from the new and old worlds. | the taxonomic status of the brown dog tick (rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu stricto), which has long been regarded as the most widespread tick worldwide and a vector of many pathogens to dogs and humans, is currently under dispute. | 2013 | 23880226 |
first detection of heartland virus (bunyaviridae: phlebovirus) from field collected arthropods. | heartland virus (hrtv), the first pathogenic phlebovirus (family: bunyaviridae) discovered in the united states, was recently described from two missouri farmers. in 2012, we collected 56,428 ticks representing three species at 12 sites including both patients' farms. amblyomma americanum and dermacentor variabilis accounted for nearly all ticks collected. ten pools composed of deplete nymphs of a. americanum collected at a patient farm and a nearby conservation area were reverse transcription-p ... | 2013 | 23878186 |
characterization of ixophilin, a thrombin inhibitor from the gut of ixodes scapularis. | ixodes scapularis, the black-legged tick, vectors several human pathogens including borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of lyme disease in north america. pathogen transmission to the vertebrate host occurs when infected ticks feed on the mammalian host to obtain a blood meal. efforts to understand how the tick confronts host hemostatic mechanisms and imbibes a fluid blood meal have largely focused on the anticoagulation strategies of tick saliva. the blood meal that enters the tick gut remains in a ... | 2013 | 23874485 |
screening and molecular cloning of a protective antigen from the midgut of haemaphysalis longicornis. | vaccination is considered a promising alternative for controlling tick infestations. haemaphysalis longicornis midgut proteins separated by sds-page and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride (pvdf) membrane were screened for protective value against bites. the western blot demonstrated the immunogenicity of 92 kda protein (p92). the analysis of the p92 amino acid sequence by lc-ms/ms indicated that it was a h. longicornis paramyosin (hl-pmy). the full lenghth cdna of hl-pmy was obtained by ra ... | 2013 | 23864744 |
susceptibility of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) to pyrethroids and their associations in pernambuco, brazil. | the synthetic pyrethroids and their associations have been widely used for controlling rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. the frequent use of acaricides has been inducing the development of resistance in the tick populations. the aim of this study was to assess the susceptibility of r. (b.) microplus populations to pyrethroids and their associations in the region of garanhuns, pernambuco, brazil. in addition, the level of information among farm owners regarding tick control measures was invest ... | 2013 | 23856731 |
first record of the pantropical blue tick rhipicephalus microplus in namibia. | the invasive pantropical blue tick, rhipicephalus microplus, has recently been collected from cattle in namibia. a cross-sectional study aimed at recording the geographic distribution of rhipicephalus decoloratus and establishing whether r. microplus is present in namibia was conducted towards the end of summer (march-april) 2013. ticks were collected from cattle on 18 privately owned farms across a large geographical scale. ticks were collected from three to five cattle per farm and species bel ... | 2013 | 23851930 |
acaricidal activity of synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles using calotropis gigantea against rhipicephalus microplus and haemaphysalis bispinosa. | to assess the acaricidal activity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (tio2 nps) synthesized from flower aqueous extract of calotropis gigantea(c. gigantea) against the larvae of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus [r. (b.) microplus] and the adult of haemaphysalis bispinosa (h. bispinosa). | 2013 | 23827143 |
amblyomma cajennense (acari: ixodidae) tick populations susceptible or resistant to acaricides in the mexican tropics. | the objectives of the present study were: (i) to identify the frequency of cattle farms with a cohabitation of amblyomma cajennense and rhipicephalus microplus, (ii) to determine the status of susceptibility or resistance to acaricides used in veracruz, mexico, on a. cajennense populations and (iii) to identify factors associated with a. cajennense resistant to acaricides. fifty farms were visited to determine the presence of ticks (a. cajennense and r. microplus) and to collect engorged a. caje ... | 2013 | 23827041 |
novel immunomodulators from hard ticks selectively reprogramme human dendritic cell responses. | hard ticks subvert the immune responses of their vertebrate hosts in order to feed for much longer periods than other blood-feeding ectoparasites; this may be one reason why they transmit perhaps the greatest diversity of pathogens of any arthropod vector. tick-induced immunomodulation is mediated by salivary components, some of which neutralise elements of innate immunity or inhibit the development of adaptive immunity. as dendritic cells (dc) trigger and help to regulate adaptive immunity, the ... | 2013 | 23825947 |
effects of macrocyclic lactones on the reproductive parameters of engorged rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus females detached from experimentally infested cattle. | the present study therefore assessed the deleterious effects of mls (ivermectin, abamectin, doramectin and moxidectin) on the reproductive parameters of engorged rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus females that naturally detached from experimentally infested cattle in two experiments. the following reproductive parameters of engorged female ticks were analyzed: female weight, egg mass weight, percentage of hatchability, percentage of reduction in oviposition, percentage of reduction in hatchabil ... | 2013 | 23792004 |
protective action of tagetes minuta (asteraceae) essential oil in the control of rhipicephalus microplus (canestrini, 1887) (acari: ixodidae) in a cattle pen trial. | the rhipicephalus microplus tick is globally regarded as the most economically important ectoparasite of livestock, and the evolution of resistance to commercial acaricides among cattle tick populations is of great concern. the essential oil derived from tagetes minuta may be efficacious against cattle tick infestation, and the results of a cattle pen trial using this essential oil for the control of ticks are reported here. the chemical composition of the essential oil was determined by gc-ms a ... | 2013 | 23778081 |
functional and immunological relevance of anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1a sequence and structural analysis. | bovine anaplasmosis is caused by cattle infection with the tick-borne bacterium, anaplasma marginale. the major surface protein 1a (msp1a) has been used as a genetic marker for identifying a. marginale strains based on n-terminal tandem repeats and a 5'-utr microsatellite located in the msp1a gene. the msp1a tandem repeats contain immune relevant elements and functional domains that bind to bovine erythrocytes and tick cells, thus providing information about the evolution of host-pathogen and ve ... | 2013 | 23776456 |
displacement of rhipicephalus decoloratus by rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae) in the eastern cape province, south africa. | the objective of the study was to establish to what extent the native tick species rhipicephalus decoloratus has been displaced by the invasive introduced tick, rhipicephalus microplus at two communally grazed areas in the eastern cape province, south africa. to this end ticks were collected monthly from five cattle over a period of 2 years and from 10 drag-samples of the vegetation over a period of 1 year at each locality. whereas 10 years previously only r. decoloratus and no r. microplus had ... | 2013 | 23771510 |
streptomyces sp. lk3 mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its biomedical application. | in the present study, the marine actinobacteria mediated biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) was achieved using streptomyces sp lk3. the synthesized agnps showed the characteristic absorption spectra in uv-vis at 420 nm, which confirmed the presence of nanoparticles. xrd analysis showed intense peaks at 2θ values of 27.51°, 31.87°, 45.57°, 56.56°, 66.26°, and 75.25° corresponding to (210), (113), (124), (240), (226), and (300) bragg's reflection based on the fcc structure of agnps. the ... | 2014 | 23771163 |
ixodid ticks of traditionally managed cattle in central nigeria: where rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus does not dare (yet?). | ticks and tick-borne diseases (tbds) undermine cattle fitness and productivity in the whole of sub-saharan africa, including nigeria. the aim of this study was to document the composition of tick species, assessing the burden of infestation, in traditionally managed cattle in an area of central nigeria where acaricides have not been used historically. | 2013 | 23758913 |
glycogen and glucose metabolism are essential for early embryonic development of the red flour beetle tribolium castaneum. | control of energy metabolism is an essential process for life. in insects, egg formation (oogenesis) and embryogenesis is dependent on stored molecules deposited by the mother or transcribed later by the zygote. in oviparous insects the egg becomes an isolated system after egg laying with all energy conversion taking place during embryogenesis. previous studies in a few vector species showed a strong correlation of key morphogenetic events and changes in glucose metabolism. here, we investigate ... | 2013 | 23750237 |
gut transcriptome of replete adult female cattle ticks, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, feeding upon a babesia bovis-infected bovine host. | as it feeds upon cattle, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is capable of transmitting a number of pathogenic organisms, including the apicomplexan hemoparasite babesia bovis, a causative agent of bovine babesiosis. the r. microplus female gut transcriptome was studied for two cohorts: adult females feeding on a bovine host infected with b. bovis and adult females feeding on an uninfected bovine. rna was purified and used to generate a subtracted cdna library from b. bovis-infected female gut, ... | 2013 | 23749091 |
the effects of a pour-on formulation of fluazuron 2.5 % and flumethrin 1 % on populations of rhipicephalus decoloratus and rhipicephalus microplus both on and off bovine (bonsmara breed) hosts. | the present study demonstrated the efficacy of a pour-on formulation of fluazuron 2.5 % and flumethrin 1 % (drastic deadline extreme®) against rhipicephalus decoloratus and rhipicephalus microplus on cattle on pasture previously grazed by experimentally infested animals. six tick-free cattle were placed on the pasture and treated 7 days later (day 0) with the pour-on. they were retreated on days 63, 126 and 189 and monthly tick counts were done. mean numbers of adult r. decoloratus and/or r. mic ... | 2013 | 23749085 |
rhipicephalus microplus lipocalins (lrms): genomic identification and analysis of the bovine immune response using in silico predicted b and t cell epitopes. | the attachment to host skin by rhipicephalus microplus larvae induces a series of physiological events at the attachment site. the host-parasite interaction might induce a rejection of the larvae, as is frequently observed in bos taurus indicus cattle, and under certain conditions in bos taurus taurus cattle. ticks deactivate the host rejection response by secreting specific proteins and lipids that play an essential role in manipulation of the host immune response. the available genomic informa ... | 2013 | 23747800 |
alarming spread of the asian cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus in west africa-another three countries are affected: burkina faso, mali and togo. | 2013 | 23722233 | |
the venus kinase receptor (vkr) family: structure and evolution. | receptor tyrosine kinases (rtk) form a family of transmembrane proteins widely conserved in metazoa, with key functions in cell-to-cell communication and control of multiple cellular processes. a new family of rtk named venus kinase receptor (vkr) has been described in invertebrates. the vkr receptor possesses a venus fly trap (vft) extracellular module, a bilobate structure that binds small ligands to induce receptor kinase activity. vkr was shown to be highly expressed in the larval stages and ... | 2013 | 23721482 |
diagnostic methods used to monitor an outbreak of babesiosis (babesia bovis) in a herd of feral cattle in new caledonia. | in december 2007, babesia bovis was introduced to new caledonia through the importation of cattle vaccinated with a live tick fever (babesiosis and anaplasmosis) vaccine. medical measures, acaricide and antiprotozoal treatments, and quarantine restrictions were implemented with success on all the farms involved, but the disease spread to one of the neighbouring properties where feral cattle were present. to circumscribe and eliminate this outbreak, the authorities decided to slaughter all animal ... | 2013 | 23718796 |
partial venom gland transcriptome of a drosophila parasitoid wasp, leptopilina heterotoma, reveals novel and shared bioactive profiles with stinging hymenoptera. | analysis of natural host-parasite relationships reveals the evolutionary forces that shape the delicate and unique specificity characteristic of such interactions. the accessory long gland-reservoir complex of the wasp leptopilina heterotoma (figitidae) produces venom with virus-like particles. upon delivery, venom components delay host larval development and completely block host immune responses. the host range of this drosophila endoparasitoid notably includes the highly-studied model organis ... | 2013 | 23688557 |
tryptogalinin is a tick kunitz serine protease inhibitor with a unique intrinsic disorder. | a salivary proteome-transcriptome project on the hard tick ixodes scapularis revealed that kunitz peptides are the most abundant salivary proteins. ticks use kunitz peptides (among other salivary proteins) to combat host defense mechanisms and to obtain a blood meal. most of these kunitz peptides, however, remain functionally uncharacterized, thus limiting our knowledge about their biochemical interactions. | 2013 | 23658744 |
effectiveness of beauveria bassiana sensu lato strains for biological control against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) in china. | owing to the need to combat the spread of acaricide-resistant ticks, the development of long-term biological control has become a hot topic for tick control. in this study, we investigated the pathogenicity of three beauveria bassiana isolates on the engorged female rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks using different conidial concentrations. the results showed that b. bassiana b.bat17 was highly pathogenic against engorged r. (b.) microplus females, resulting in lethal time (lt50 and lt90) ... | 2013 | 23652160 |
genetic analysis and epidemiology of crimean congo hemorrhagic fever viruses in baluchistan province of pakistan. | pakistan is considered as an endemic country for crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever with numerous outbreaks and sporadic cases reported during the past two decades. majority of cases are reported from baluchistan province with subsequent transmissions to non-endemic regions mainly through infected animals directly or via infested ticks. we hereby describe the molecular investigations of cchf cases reported during 2008 in quetta city of baluchistan province. | 2013 | 23641865 |
a new approach to characterization of the resistance of populations of rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae) to organophosphate and pyrethroid in the state of minas gerais, brazil. | the monitoring of resistance of cattle tick populations in brazil to the chemical bases in use is largely limited to investigation of the phenotypic profile. there are few studies investigating the role played by the genotypic profile in acaricide resistance in the country. therefore, the aim of the present study was to carry out molecular characterization and trace out the genetic profile of populations of rhipicephalus microplus with respect to resistance to the organophosphate and pyrethroid ... | 2013 | 23639866 |
repellent activity of eugenol on larvae of rhipicephalus microplus and dermacentor nitens (acari: ixodidae). | the repellent activity of eugenol was evaluated on rhipicephalus microplus and dermacentor nitens larvae in a bioassay based on the vertical migration of these tick larvae during the host-seek phase. solutions were used at concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 μl/ml and a control only with the solvent ethanol 50 gl. the larvae's reaction of climbing the rods of filter paper was observed each hour for 12 h and once more at 24 h. the repellence was calculated as a percentage through visual esti ... | 2013 | 23636308 |
diagnosis of amitraz resistance in brazilian populations of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) with larval immersion test. | among the ectoparasites of cattle, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini) (acari: ixodidae) remains a major cause of economic losses to livestock. the chemical control with acaricides is still the most efficient method available to control ticks. the aims of this study were to diagnose resistance to amitraz in 16 tick populations from the states of são paulo (14) and paraná (2), using the larval immersion technique (lit), and evaluate the effect of synergists [piperonyl butoxide (pbo), ... | 2013 | 23620418 |
distribution of tick-borne diseases in china. | as an important contributor to vector-borne diseases in china, in recent years, tick-borne diseases have attracted much attention because of their increasing incidence and consequent significant harm to livestock and human health. the most commonly observed human tick-borne diseases in china include lyme borreliosis (known as lyme disease in china), tick-borne encephalitis (known as forest encephalitis in china), crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (known as xinjiang hemorrhagic fever in china), q-f ... | 2013 | 23617899 |
egg wax from the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus inhibits pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. | rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is constantly challenged during its life cycle by microorganisms present in their hosts or in the environment. tick eggs may be especially vulnerable to environmental conditions because they are exposed to a rich and diverse microflora in the soil. despite being oviposited in such hostile sites, tick eggs remain viable, suggesting that the egg surface has defense mechanisms against opportunistic and/or pathogenic organisms. r. microplus engorged females deposi ... | 2013 | 23583751 |
acaricidal activity of cymbopogon citratus and azadirachta indica against house dust mites. | to examine the acaricidal effects of the essential oil of cymbopogon citratus leaf extract (lemongrass) and ethanolic azadirachta indica leaf extract (neem) against house dust mites dermatophagoides farinae (d. farinae) and dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (d. pteronyssinus). | 2011 | 23569794 |
approaches towards tick and tick-borne diseases control. | ticks are obligate haematophagous ectoparasites of wild and domestic animals as well as humans, considered to be second worldwide to mosquitoes as vectors of human diseases. tick-borne diseases are responsible worldwide for great economic losses in terms of mortality and morbidity of livestock animals. this review concerns to the different tick and tick-parasites control methods having a major focus on vaccines. control of tick infestations has been mainly based on the use of acaricides, a contr ... | 2013 | 23559344 |
purification and studies on characteristics of cholinesterases from daphnia magna. | due to their significant value in both economy and ecology, daphnia had long been employed to investigate in vivo response of cholinesterase (che) in anticholinesterase exposures, whereas the type constitution and property of the enzyme remained unclear. a type of che was purified from daphnia magna using a three-step procedure, i.e., triton x-100 extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and diethylaminoethyl (deae)-sepharose™-fast-flow chromatography. according to sodium dodecyl sulfate poly ... | 0 | 23549850 |
in vitro assessment of the acaricidal activity of computer-selected analogues of carvacrol and salicylic acid on rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is a tick that causes huge economic losses in cattle. the indiscriminate use of acaricides has generated resistance to most compounds present on the market. this makes further investigation on other potential acaricides necessary, the in silico assay being an alternative to the design of new compounds. in the present study a biosilico assay was performed using tomocomd-cardd (topological molecular computer design-computer-aided rational drug design) and weka ( ... | 2013 | 23543288 |