Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| effect of nutritional level on bodyweight, degree of anaemia and carcase composition of sheep infected with trypanosoma congolense. | the influence of nutritional level on the bodyweight, degree of anaemia and carcase composition of 24 sheep infected experimentally with trypanosoma congolense was investigated. the infection caused a marked retardation of growth in the animals fed a low protein ration whereas the infected and control animals fed a high protein ration grew at similar rates. both groups of infected animals developed similar degrees of anaemia but the infected group fed the high protein diet tended to sustain a hi ... | 1996 | 8745251 |
| bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and tissue distribution of 14c homidium after parenteral administration to boran cattle. | the absorption, distribution and elimination characteristics of 14c homidium have been described in non-infected and trypanosoma congolense-infected cattle treated with 14c homidium chloride by either intramuscular (i.m.) or intravenous (i.v.) injection at a dose level of 1 mg/kg body weight. results show that the mean (+/-sd) elimination of the drug from plasma followed a biexponential process, with half-lives of 0.084 +/- 0.006 h and 97.66 +/- 16.28 h for the distribution and elimination phase ... | 1996 | 8735423 |
| trypanosoma congolense infection in sheep: cellular phenotypes in lymph and lymph nodes associated with skin reactions. | intradermal inoculation of sheep with culture-derived metacyclic forms of trypanosoma congolense resulted in the development of localized skin reactions (chancres) and enlargement of the draining lymph nodes 7 days after infection. changes in the expression of surface antigens of lymphocytes in lymph leaving the affected skin reactions and in the associated lymph nodes were monitored by cannulating the afferent and efferent lymphatic ducts. trypanosomes appeared in afferent and efferent lymph 3 ... | 1996 | 8729080 |
| in vivo trypanocidal activities of new s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase inhibitors. | a series of novel aromatic derivatives based on the structure of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (mgbg) was examined for trypanocidal activities in human and veterinary trypanosomes of african origin. one agent, cgp 40215a, a bicyclic analog of mgbg which also resembles the diamidines diminazene (berenil) and pentamidine, was curative of infections by 19 isolates of trypanosoma brucei subspecies as well as a trypanosoma congolense isolate. several of these isolates were resistant to standard ... | 1996 | 8726018 |
| are stable flies (diptera: stomoxyinae) vectors of trypanosoma vivax in the central african republic? | the epidemiology of trypanosoma vivax infections was studied at a riverside site in the ouro-djafoun livestock area situated in the central african republic during the period between july 1991 and july 1992. this paper examines the possibility that stable flies (diptera: stomoxyinae) were also vectors of this trypanosome species in a non-cyclic way. previous studies have revealed that the usual cyclic transmission by the tsetse fly glossina fuscipes fuscipes was probably not the only transmissio ... | 1996 | 8721295 |
| acquisition of resistance to the tick amblyomma variegatum in boran cattle, bos indicus and the effects of trypanosoma congolense and babesia bigemina on host resistance. | resistance was induced in cattle to the tick amblyomma variegatum by five consecutive infestations with nymphs and adults. using the principal component analysis (pca), it was found that percentage of adults engorged, percentage of adults which died, percentage of nymphs which engorged, percentage of nymphs which moulted and percentage of nymphs which died, were the main indicators of resistance against a. variegatum. the percentages of nymphs which engorged or moulted after the third infestatio ... | 1996 | 8686177 |
| trypanosoma congolense: b-lymphocyte responses differ between trypanotolerant and trypanosusceptible cattle. | trypanosomiasis is a serious constraint to livestock production in sub-saharan africa. some breeds of cattle are genetically more resistant to the pathogenic effects of trypanosome infection. we measured b-cell activation and the quantity and isotype of antibody produced at the cellular level in six trypanotolerant n'dama and five trypanosusceptible boran cattle. the frequencies of spleen cells secreting total and parasite-specific igm and igg were measured prior to and 16, 28, and 35 days after ... | 1996 | 8654538 |
| trypanosoma congolense infection in sheep: ultrastructural changes in the skin prior to development of local skin reactions. | events occurring in the skin of sheep prior to development of trypanosoma congolense-induced local skin reactions (chancres) were studied using electron microscopy. three days after infection, few trypanosomes were present in the dermal collagen. however, these parasites were more abundant 5 days after infection, and were also found in dermal lymphatics and in the connective tissue matrix between collagen bundles. mast cells in the skin obtained 5 days after infection showed evidence of degranul ... | 1995 | 8644458 |
| resistance to diminazine aceturate by trypanosoma congolense from cattle in the zambezi valley of zimbabwe. | the susceptibility of 14 stocks of trypanosoma congolense, recently isolated from cattle, to therapeutic doses of diminazene aceturate and to isometamidium chloride was assessed in laboratory mice. eight isolates were readily susceptible to the normal therapeutic dose of diminazene, two were resistant to the drug at 14 mg kg-1, and four were totally resistant at 28 mg kg-1. all the isolates were susceptible to isometamidium chloride at 0.5 mg kg-1. these observations highlight the need for regul ... | 1995 | 8644445 |
| a promotor directing alpha-amanitin-sensitive transcription of garp, the major surface antigen of insect stage trypanosoma congolense. | the major surface antigen of procyclic and epimastigote forms of trypanosoma congolense in the tsetse fly is garp (glutamic acid/alanine-rich protein), which is thought to be the analogue of procyclin/parp in trypanosoma brucei. we have studied two t.congolense garp loci (the 4.3 and 4.4 loci) whose transcription is alpha-amanitin sensitive. whilst a transcriptional gap 5' of the first garp gene in the cloned region of the 4.4 locus could not be detected, such a gap was present in the 5' flank o ... | 1996 | 8628650 |
| trypanosoma congolense: high erythropoietic potential in infected yearling cattle during the acute phase of the anemia. | n'dama (bos taurus) cattle are known to tolerate trypanosome infections, developing less severe anemia and lower parasitemia, compared to boran (bos indicus) cattle. young calves were also reported to be more resistant to trypanosomiasis than adult cattle. to explore the basis for this resistance, the erythropoietic response was evaluated in four native yearling n'dama calves and four age-matched boran calves which developed anemia over a 140- day primary infection with trypanosoma congolense cl ... | 1996 | 8617336 |
| effects of castration on luteinizing hormone secretion and response to gonadotrophin-releasing hormone in sheep infected with trypanosoma congolense. | the effects of trypanosomiasis on the endocrine function of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis were investigated before and after castration of scottish blackface rams infected with trypanosoma congolense and uninfected controls. blood samples were collected at 15-min intervals for 6 h before and at 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 min after injection of synthetic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (gnrh, 20 micrograms iv) 2 days before infection and 26 and 54 days after infection, with castrati ... | 1996 | 8590946 |
| a high prevalence of mixed trypanosome infections in tsetse flies in sinfra, côte d'ivoire, detected by dna amplification. | the prevalence of various species and subgroups of trypanosomes in the sinfra area of côte d'ivoire was determined using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). using this technique to amplify specific satellite dna targets, it was possible to identify developmental-stage trypanosomes in the midguts and the proboscides of tsetse without expansion of parasite populations. the predominant tsetse species in the area was glossina palpalis, while g. pallicera and g. nigrofusca were also present. microsc ... | 1996 | 8587804 |
| differentiation between culture-derived insect stages of t. brucei, t. vivax, t. congolense and t. simiae using a monoclonal antibody-based dot-elisa. | a sensitive and specific nitrocellulose (nc) membrane-based dot-elisa, utilizing a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs), was developed for differentiation between in vitro-derived procyclic forms of trypanosoma brucei, t. congolense and t. simiae, and epimastigotes of t. vivax. trypanosomes in suspension were applied onto nc membrane in dots and probed with unlabelled trypanosome species-specific mabs. bound mab was revealed by enzyme labelled anti-mouse igg and precipitable chromogenic substra ... | 1996 | 8587802 |
| photoinactivation of trypanothione reductase and glutathione reductase by al-phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate and hematoporphyrin. | the irradiation of trypanosoma congolense trypanothione reductase (tr), human erythrocyte (hgr) and yeast glutathione reductase (ygr) with visible light in the presence of al-phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (a1pcs4) or hematoporphyrine (hp) caused a time-dependent inactivation of these enzymes. tr was inactivated more rapidly than either hgr or ygr. half-maximal rates of inactivation were determined in the presence of 100 microm hp and 1.4-17 microm alpcs4. the photosensitized irradiation modified ... | 1996 | 8561807 |
| [standardization and evaluation of a manual salivation method for the detection of trypanosoma infection in the tsetse fly (diptera: glossinidae)]. | two methods of salivation of tsetse flies, namely manual salivation and method of bruce et al. were simultaneously evaluated on 1,702 male uninfected glossina palpalis palpalis (zaire), g. palpalis gambiensis (bobo-dioulasso), g. p. gambiensis (maisons-alfort) et g. morsitans morsitans (mall) fasted for 23, 48 and 72 hours. the risk of salivation was 0.66 by the manual method and 0.01 by the method of bruce et al. the manual salivation method was standardised on 79 male g. m. morsitans (mall) in ... | 1995 | 8552848 |
| [improving the salivation technic in the tsetse fly for the detection of infective metatripanosomes: study of the effect of biologic and non-biologic factors in the probing behavior of the tsetse fly]. | the probing and salivation behaviour on a warm slide of three tsetse fly species or subspecies (glossina morsitans morsitans, glossina palpalis gambiensis, glossina tachinoides) was examined with respect to various parameters (species, sex, age, starvation period, trypanosome infection, quality of support). each fly was given the opportunity to probe the warm slide (38 degrees c) for 5 minutes (we mean by probing an attempt to touch the glass slide by the proboscis in a biting position). g.m mor ... | 1995 | 8552846 |
| [trypanosoma congolese in different species of horse flies (diptera: tabanidae) in burkina faso]. | four out of six azawak zebu bulls raised in northern burkina faso were found to be infected with trypanosomes, including trypanosoma congolense, six months after they had been transferred, uninfected, to the cirdes experimental farm at banankélédaga (southwest burkina faso). entomological surveys are carried out regularly in the area around this farm but, in one year, only 10 tsetse flies were captured, none of which showed infection in the midgut. however, a large number of tabanids were captur ... | 1995 | 8552844 |
| genetics of resistance to trypanosoma congolense in inbred mice: efficiency of apparent clearance of parasites correlates with long-term survival. | to study the genetic parameters of resistance to trypanosoma congolense infection, highly susceptible balb/c and relatively resistant c57bl/6 mice were crossed to produce reciprocal f1 and f2 offspring. mice were infected with t. congolense and monitored for parasitemia within the first 2 wk and also for their survival periods. balb/c mice showed unrestrained parasite growth to the time of death (median survival period, msp = 12.0 days), whereas in c57bl/6 mice, parasitemia reached an initial pe ... | 1995 | 8544057 |
| a comparison of glossina morsitans centralis originating from tanzania and zambia, with respect to vectorial competence for pathogenic trypanosoma species, genetic variation and inter-colony fertility. | two laboratory strains of glossina morsitans centralis originating from different fly-belts (one from singida, in tanzania, and the other from mumbwa, in zambia) were compared with respect to vectorial competence for pathogenic trypanosoma species, genetic variation and inter-colony fertility. the vectorial competence of g.m.centralis of tanzanian origin for trypanosma vivax and t. congolense is similar to, whereas for t.brucei brucei it is lower than the colony of zambian origin. nevertheless, ... | 1995 | 8541585 |
| the influence of energy intake on the pathophysiology of trypanosoma congolense infection in scottish blackface sheep. | the intensity of parasitaemia, degree of anaemia, live body weight gains and blood biochemical changes were measured in two groups of scottish blackface sheep infected experimentally with trypanosoma congolense and allowed either a high (9.9 mj metabolisable energy (me) day-1) or a low (6.1 mj me day-1) energy intake. it was observed that infected animals on the low energy intake had a longer mean prepatent period, but following patency they developed more severe anaemia and greater growth retar ... | 1995 | 8533279 |
| successful application of deltamethrin pour on to cattle in a campaign against tsetse flies (glossina spp.) in the pastoral zone of samorogouan, burkina faso. | 1,500-2,000 head of cattle were treated with deltamethrin 1% spot on in an area of high tsetse densities, notably of glossina morsitans submorsitans. after four treatments at monthly intervals, the time between two treatments was increased to two months. 11 months after the commencement of the campaign the fly population had decreased from initially 54.2 flies/trap/day to densities varying between 0.06-2.0 flies/trap/day, mostly g. palpalis gambiensis. blood-meal analysis showed that this specie ... | 1995 | 8533022 |
| mechanical transmission of trypanosoma spp. by african stomoxyinae (diptera: muscidae). | ten taxa of stomoxyinae were tested for their ability to transmit trypanosoma brucei, t. vivax, t. evansi and t. congolense to mice within 3 min of interrupted feeding on highly parasitaemic blood. t. brucei was the easiest parasite to transmit with an 11.5% success rate, followed by t. vivax at 3.4%, and t. evansi at 0.9%. t. congolense was not transmitted in 129 attempts. stomoxys niger sspp. and four unstudied species (s. varipes, s. taeniatus, s. pallidus, haematobosca squalida) were capable ... | 1995 | 8525279 |
| derivation and characterization of a quinapyramine-resistant clone of trypanosoma congolense. | over a period of 208 days a quinapyramine-resistant population was derived in vivo from a quinapyramine-susceptible clone of trypanosoma congolense: il 1180. while the dose of quinapyramine sulfate required to cure 50% of mice infected with the parental clone was 0.23 mg/kg of body weight, the 50% curative dose for the resistant derivative, il 1180/stabilate 12, was greater than 9.6 mg/kg. this approximately 40-fold increase in resistance to quinapyramine was shown to be associated with an 8-fol ... | 1993 | 8517707 |
| defecation by anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes of host blood infected with live trypanosoma congolense. | female anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes were experimentally fed on hamsters and balb/c mice which were either clean or infected with trypanosoma congolense. the mosquitoes readily fed on either animal. a blood repletion rate of 82.7% was recorded for mosquitoes feeding on hamsters. seventy seven per cent of the replete mosquitoes continued to feed while at the same time defecating the host's blood in droplets, ejected in quick succession from the anus. ninety five per cent of mosquitoes defecatin ... | 1993 | 8516628 |
| fluorescence analysis of the interaction of isometamidium with trypanosoma congolense. | isometamidium chloride (samorin) is the only compound recommended for prophylaxis against bovine trypanosomiasis in sub-saharan africa. the fluorescence property of this compound was used to investigate the interaction of the molecule with in vitro-derived bloodstream forms of trypanosoma congolense il 1180. incubation of isometamidium with trypanosomes at 37 degrees c for 180 min resulted in a gradual alteration of the lambda max. with time (from 600 to 584 nm) and an increase in the intensity ... | 1993 | 8503859 |
| trypanosoma congolense: in vitro susceptibility of bloodstream forms to diminazene and isometamidium. | 1993 | 8454031 | |
| measurement of trypanotolerance criteria and their effect on reproductive performance of n'dama cattle. | one thousand and twenty-eight cow-year records were available from 260 n'dama cows each having at least 2 years of monthly matching health and performance data over a 5-year period under a medium natural tsetse challenge in gabon. four hundred and fifty-eight calf/dam pairs were also available where the calf had been reared to weaning, both had monthly matching records and each cow had weaned at least two calves. evaluations were carried out on effects of, and linkages between, environmental and ... | 1993 | 8447067 |
| antibody responses to invariant antigens of trypanosoma congolense in cattle of differing susceptibility to trypanosomiasis. | five trypanotolerant n'dama (bos taurus) and five susceptible boran (bos indicus) cattle were challenged by tsetse flies infected with trypanosoma congolense il 13-e3. these animals had experienced five previous infections with t. congolense, each terminated by drug therapy. immunoblotting and elisa were used to determine isotype and specificity of antibody responses to trypanosome invariant antigens. both igm and igg1 were elicited, but the igg1 responses were directed against a greater diversi ... | 1993 | 8446463 |
| rickettsia-like organisms and chitinase production in relation to transmission of trypanosomes by tsetse flies. | rickettsia-like organisms (rlo) from testse midguts and mosquito cell cultures showed high levels of endochitinase activity. a line of glossina morsitans morsitans highly susceptible to midgut trypanosome infection and with high incidence of rlo infection showed significantly greater chitinolytic activity than g. austeni which had low rlo incidence and were correspondingly refractory to midgut infection. midgut infection rates of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in g. m. morsitans showed a dose-re ... | 1993 | 8414668 |
| maxicircle dna and edited mrna sequences of closely related trypanosome species: implications of krna editing for evolution of maxicircle genomes. | krna editing produces functional mrnas by uridine insertion and deletion. we analyzed portions of the apocytochrome b and nadh dehydrogenase subunits 7 and 8 (nd7 and 8) genes and their edited mrnas in trypanosoma congolense and compared these to the corresponding sequences in t.brucei. we find that these genes are highly diverged between the two species, especially in the positions of thymidines and in nucleotide transitions. editing eliminates differences in encoded uridines producing edited m ... | 1993 | 8396763 |
| reduced responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in boran (bos inducus) cattle infected with trypanosoma congolense. | the response of the pituitary-adrenal axis to corticotrophin-releasing hormone (crh) and the adrenal response to adrenocorticotrophin hormone (acth) stimulation were studied during infection of boran (bos indicus) cattle with trypanosoma congolense. for crh, 15 animals were challenged during preinfection and infection phases, while for acth 10 animals were challenged during pre-infection, infection and post-treatment phases of the experiments. the axis showed a reduced responsiveness after crh c ... | 1993 | 8394613 |
| trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense: molecular characterization of a new genotype from tsavo, kenya. | trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense comprises morphologically identical but genetically heterogeneous parasites infective to livestock and other mammalian hosts; three different genotypes of this parasite have been described previously. restriction enzyme fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) in both kinetoplast dna minicircle and nuclear dna sequences, and randomly amplified polymorphic deoxyribonucleic acid (rapd) patterns have been used here to demonstrate the existence of another type of t. ... | 1993 | 8383313 |
| pathogenesis and pathology of african trypanosomosis in baoulé, n'dama/baoulé cross bred and zebu cattle in burkina faso. 1. clinical performance under high natural tsetse challenge. | the pathogenesis and pathology of african animal trypanosomosis (aat) in baoulé, n'dama/baoulé-cross-bred and zebu cattle was studied from 1987 to 1991 in a series of experiments conducted under natural and artificial conditions of challenge at the centre de recherches sur les trypanosomoses animales (crta) in burkina faso. this first paper reports on the clinical performance of 64 baoulé, 10 n'dama/baoulé-cross-bred and 20 zebu cattle, which were transferred to the pastoral zone of satiri, 50 k ... | 1993 | 8367674 |
| the influence of host blood on infection rates in glossina morsitans sspp. infected with trypanosoma congolense, t. brucei and t. simiae. | trypanosoma congolense, t. brucei and t. simiae isolated from wild-caught glossina pallidipes were fed to laboratory-reared g. morsitans centralis and g.m. morsitans to determine the effect of host blood at the time of the infective feed on infection rates. bloodstream forms of trypanosomes were membrane-fed to flies either neat, or mixed with blood from cows, goats, pigs, buffalo, eland, waterbuck and oryx. the use of different bloods for the infective feed resulted in differences in infection ... | 1993 | 8355996 |
| epidemiology of trypanosome infections of the tsetse fly glossina pallidipes in the zambezi valley. | the epidemiology of trypanosome infections of glossina pallidipes was studied at a riverine site in the zambezi valley, zimbabwe for a period of 13 months. over 9000 flies were captured using a single trap. these flies were dissected, screened for trypanosome infection, sexed, and aged using both wing fray and (for females) ovarian category indices. midgut infections were identified to species using recently developed dna probes. the overall prevalence of mature infections was 5.5%, comprising 3 ... | 1993 | 8341584 |
| the pathophysiology of trypanosoma congolense infection in scottish blackface sheep. influence of dietary protein. | the intensity of parasitaemia, degree of anaemia, blood biochemical changes and live weight gains were measured in two groups of scottish blackface sheep infected experimentally with bloodstream forms of trypanosoma congolense and given either a high or a low protein diet. it was observed that infected animals on a high protein diet tended to develop a higher intensity of parasitaemia than those on a low protein diet. both groups of infected sheep exhibited similar degrees of anaemia, but the er ... | 1993 | 8333126 |
| susceptibility of nigerian west african dwarf and red sokoto goats to a strain of trypanosoma congolense. | west african dwarf (wad) and red sokoto (rs) goats were experimentally infected with the kafanchan strain of trypanosoma congolense and the course of the infection was monitored. the organism was pathogenic and produced fatal disease in the goats, which was characterized by rapid progressive anaemia, leucocytosis, weight loss and death. all rs goats died within 11 days of infection, and had a mean reduction in packed cell volume (pcv) of 11%. in west african dwarf goats, one death occurred on da ... | 1993 | 8333125 |
| phospholipase a2 from trypanosoma congolense: characterization and haematological properties. | phospholipase a2 was isolated from trypanosoma congolense and purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. the enzyme appeared to exist in a dimeric form with subunit molecular weights of 16,500 and 18,000. it had a ph optimum of 6.8. kinetic analysis with different substrates, showed that the enzyme had exceptional specificity for 1,2,dimyristoyl-sn-phosphatidylcholine and 1,2,dioleoyl-sn-phosphatidylcholine with km values of 1.85 x 10(-3) m and 2.12 x 10(-3) m respectively. the arrhenius plot was ... | 1993 | 8324881 |
| the effect of cattle infection by trypanosoma congolense on the attraction, and feeding success, of the tsetse fly glossina pallidipes. | an incomplete ring of electric nets was placed around uninfected cattle and cattle infected with trypanosoma congolense. the numbers of fed and unfed glossina pallidipes caught on the nets were used to estimate the attractiveness of infected and uninfected cattle to tsetse, and the feeding success of tsetse on the cattle. there was no difference in the attractiveness of infected and uninfected cattle to g. pallidipes. however, the feeding success of g. pallidipes on infected cattle was 75% great ... | 1993 | 8316432 |
| evaluation of the efficacy of a slow release device containing homidium bromide in rabbits infected with trypanosoma congolense. | the subcutaneous implantation of a slow release device (srd) containing 1 mg kg-1 homidium bromide (ethidium) protected 95% of the rabbits for at least 3 months against reinfection with different stocks of trypanosoma congolense. only 30.8% of the animals, which received the classical intramuscular injection of 1 mg kg-1 homidium bromide, were protected for more than 1 month. the advantages of an srd against injection of homidium bromide are a longer protection period, less variation in the perc ... | 1993 | 8291190 |
| a colorimetric assay for trypanosome viability and metabolic function. | we have adapted a tetrazolium salt (mtt) colorimetric cytotoxicity assay to the assessment of viability and metabolic function in cultured african trypanosomes. trypomastigotes of trypanosoma congolense and t. brucei rhodesianse were harvested from the blood of parasitemic rats and cultured under axenic conditions that support trypanosome viability and growth. analysis of serial dilutions of these bloodstream forms indicated that the assay could detect 10(4) parasites. to assess the effect of ly ... | 1993 | 8291189 |
| variation in sensitivity of trypanosoma congolense to diminazene during the early phase of tsetse-transmitted infection in goats. | twenty-five goats were randomly allocated to five groups of five animals each and infected with trypanosoma congolense il 3274 via the bites of infected glossina morsitans centralis. at intervals of 1, 4, 8, 12 or 19 days following infection, each group of five animals was treated intramuscularly with diminazene aceturate at a dose of 7.0 mg kg-1 body weight (b.w.). while treatment on day 1 eliminated infections in all five goats, treatment on day 19 did not cure any of the animals; in groups tr ... | 1993 | 8291183 |
| a comparison of susceptibility of two allopatric populations of glossina pallidipes for stocks of trypanosoma congolense. | a colony of glossina pallidipes austen which originated from nguruman, rift valley province, kenya, was significantly more susceptible to infection (19.3%) with a stock of trypanosoma congolense broden isolated from g. pallidipes in nguruman than a colony of the same species which originated from shimba hills, coast province, kenya (5.6%). male g.pallidipes from nguruman were significantly more susceptible than females to this t.congolense stock whilst the susceptibility of both sexes of g.palli ... | 1993 | 8268493 |
| trypanosoma congolense in the microvasculature of the pituitary gland of experimentally infected boran cattle (bos indicus). | the pituitary glands of seven boran cattle (bos indicus), five infected with a clone of trypanosoma congolense il 1180 (ilnat 3.1) transmitted by glossina morsitans centralis and two uninfected controls, were examined by light and electron microscopy 43 (experiment 2) or 56 (experiment 1) days after fly challenge. the three cattle used in the first experiment included a 15-month-old female (no. 1), a 24-month-old female (no. 2), and a 21-month-old male (no. 3) as a control. in the second experim ... | 1993 | 8266622 |
| a major surface antigen of procyclic stage trypanosoma congolense. | five monoclonal antibodies (mab) were raised that bound to the surface of procyclic stage trypanosoma congolense with high intensity in immunofluorescence. immunoblot analysis of trypanosome lysates using 3 of these mab revealed a diffuse sds-page band of 36-40 kda. the purified antigen did not react with coomassie blue or silver stains, but did stain blue with stains-all, indicating acidity. for the one mab tested, the epitope was periodate-sensitive and therefore probably glycan. although this ... | 1993 | 8264732 |
| immune lysis of trypanosoma congolense: generation of a soluble covalent complex of variant surface glycoprotein and bovine complement component c3b. | organisms of trypanosoma congolense variant antigenic type tc13 (vat tc13) were incubated, at 37 degrees c for 60 min, with fresh bovine serum in the presence of antibody specific for the variant surface glycoprotein (vsg). upon immune lysis, soluble vsg (54 kda) and a larger complex (about 225 kda), containing vsg, was detected in the supernatant fluid of the mixture. neither soluble vsg nor the vsg complex were detected when fresh bovine serum was incubated with organisms of t. congolense in t ... | 1993 | 8256435 |
| the prevalence of concurrent trypanosome and gastrointestinal nematode infections in west african dwarf sheep and goats in nsukka area of eastern nigeria. | the prevalence of concurrent nematode-trypanosome infections in traditionally reared west african dwarf sheep and goats in eastern nigeria was monitored over a 12-month period during 1987-1988. the most prevalent nematodes were haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus colubriformis, which usually occurred together in all nematode infected animals. their combined prevalence rates ranged from 90 to 100% throughout the year and they accounted for 66 to 98% of the total monthly worm burdens. of the ... | 1993 | 8249254 |
| secretion of co-stimulatory cytokines by monocytes and macrophages during infection with trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense in susceptible and tolerant cattle. | bovine macrophages and monocytes were cultured in vitro and analyzed for their capacity to secrete co-stimulatory cytokines. to this end, the culture medium was titrated on suboptimally stimulated murine thymocytes. a low residual release by normal monocytes was noted which usually remained below the detection limit of the assay. these cells could be induced to secrete high titres following activation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. when harvested from animals infected with trypanosoma congol ... | 1993 | 8236792 |
| antibody responses to a 33 kda cysteine protease of trypanosoma congolense: relationship to 'trypanotolerance' in cattle. | a cysteine protease of trypanosoma congolense (congopain) elicited igg1 antibodies in those cattle which exhibited a degree of resistance to disease during experimental infections (authié et al. 1992, 1993). the aim of the present study was to investigate further the association between anti-congopain antibodies and resistance to trypanosomiasis, and to provide a lead into the mechanisms responsible for the differential responses to congopain in cattle. isotype characteristics and kinetics of th ... | 1993 | 8233561 |
| sequences of three trypanosoma congolense maxicircle genes allow prediction of regions encoding transcripts that undergo extensive rna editing. | 1993 | 8232425 | |
| conservation of grna gene cassette structure in african trypanosomes despite divergence in the defining flanking repeats. | 1993 | 8232424 | |
| major surface glycoproteins of procyclic stage african trypanosomes. | the procyclic stage in the life cycle of african trypanosomes is adapted for life in the harsh environment of the midgut of the tsetse fly vector. procyclic forms derived by transformation from antigenically distinct bloodstream variants are antigenically similar and have lost the variant surface glycoprotein coat of the bloodstream forms. in contrast to bloodstream forms, where the variant surface glycoprotein coat is essentially the only molecule exposed, many different proteins can be labeled ... | 1994 | 8206145 |
| isometamidium concentrations in the sera of boran cattle: correlation with prophylaxis against tsetse-transmitted trypanosoma congolense. | fifteen boran cattle from a trypanosomiasis-free area were injected intramuscularly with isometamidium chloride at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight. thereafter, the cattle were challenged at monthly intervals with glossina morsitans centralis infected with one of three populations of trypanosoma congolense (il 3893, il 3889 or il 1180) until all animals became infected. isometamidium concentrations in the sera of these cattle were measured using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay over ... | 1994 | 8203294 |
| relapse of trypanosoma congolense infection in goats after diminazene aceturate is not a result of invasion of the central nervous system. | 1994 | 8192521 | |
| effects of trypanosoma congolense infection on the pituitary gland of baoulé bulls: immunohistochemistry of lh- and fsh-secreting cells and response of plasma lh and testosterone to combined dexamethasone and gnrh treatment. | the effects of trypanosoma congolense infection were investigated at the pituitary level on trypanosome resistant baoulé bulls (aged 3-6 years), using immunohistochemistry of lh- and fsh-secreting cells and a combined dexamethasone and gnrh challenge. the pituitaries of two control and five naturally infected baoulé bulls were removed after slaughter and the lh- and fsh-secreting cells were examined immunohistochemically, using specific polyclonal antibodies against beta lh and beta fsh. no sign ... | 1994 | 8182584 |
| a comparison of the susceptibility of djallonké sheep and west african dwarf goats to experimental infection with two different strains of trypanosoma congolense. | two cloned strains of trypanosoma congolense, of west and east african origin, were used to infect by intradermal inoculation two groups of young adult female djallonké sheep and west african dwarf goats. for a 3 month period post-infection, packed red cell volume (pcv), parasitaemia, body weight and clinical parameters were followed to evaluate their trypanotolerant nature and to control the pathogenicity of the two strains of t. congolense. although the west african strain of t. congolense was ... | 1994 | 8171821 |
| midgut lectin activity and sugar specificity in teneral and fed tsetse. | midgut infection rates of trypanosoma congolense in glossina palpalis palpalis and of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in glossina pallidipes are potentiated by the addition of d+ glucosamine to the infective feed, but not to the levels of super-infection reported for g.m.morsitans, g.p.palpalis and g.pallidipes are shown to possess two trypanocidal molecules: a glucosyl lectin which can be inhibited by d+ glucosamine and a galactosyl molecule inhibited by d+ galactose. addition of both d+ glucosa ... | 1994 | 8161852 |
| relationships between protease activity, host blood and infection rates in glossina morsitans sspp. infected with trypanosoma congolense, t. brucei and t. simiae. | midgut protease activity in glossina morsitans centralis and g.m. morsitans, at 48 h post bloodmeal averaged 1.8iu of trypsin-like activity. these two tsetse subspecies differ in their susceptibility to trypanosome infection. except for low levels in flies fed on waterbuck blood (0.7 iu), activity did not differ in flies fed a variety of host bloods (goat, pig, cow, buffalo, eland) and trypanosome species (trypanosoma congolense, t. brucei, t. simiae). protease activity was also not correlated w ... | 1994 | 8161844 |
| heligmosomoides polygyrus and trypanosoma congolense infections in mice: a laboratory model for concurrent gastrointestinal nematode and trypanosome infections. | a murine model using heligmosomoides polygyrus and trypanosoma congolense has been developed for studying the effects of concurrent chronic gastrointestinal nematode and trypanosome infections. female outbred mice were infected either with 500 infective larvae (l3) of h. polygyrus or with 10(4) bloodstream forms of t. congolense or both. in concurrent infections, animals were dosed with both parasites simultaneously or the trypanosomes were injected 5 or 10 days after the mice were infected with ... | 1994 | 8152856 |
| [pathogenic effects of trypanosoma congolense on the testis of baoulé bulls: quantitative and morphometric histology]. | the effect of trypanosoma congolense on testis was studied in 53 trypano-resistant "baoulé" bulls by quantitative histology and morphometry. the daily spermatozoa production per testis of control groups (n = 45) was 382 +/- 334 x 10(6) (m +/- sd) and the epididymis contained 0.6 +/- 1 x 10(9) spermatozoa in the caput, 0.3 +/- 0.3 x 10(9) in the corpus and 1.2 +/- 1.8 x 10(9) in the cauda. the infected bulls (n = 8) showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) when compared to the control despite ... | 1993 | 8142035 |
| modulation of the phenotype and function of bovine afferent lymph cells during infection with trypanosoma congolense. | alterations in the phenotype and function of cells isolated from bovine afferent lymph were studied following tsetse-transmitted trypanosoma congolense infection. little alteration was observed in the output of the cd2+ t cells in the lymph, and within this population the cd4:cd8 ratio remained relatively constant. by contrast, a marked decrease was observed in the output of gamma delta t cells over the first 7 days following infection. the number of b cells increased between 2 and 6 days post-i ... | 1994 | 8128607 |
| mechanism of reduction of quinones by trypanosoma congolense trypanothione reductase. | a number of quinones were analyzed as substrates for trypanothione reductase from trypanosoma congolense, an enzyme responsible for the protection of trypanosomes against oxidative stress. using nadph as substrate, the maximal rate of the steady-state reaction at ph 7.5 was between 24 and 1.6 s-1 for 11 quinone substrates. the biomolecular steady-state rate constants for quinone reduction, v/km, ranged from 240 to 1.9 x 10(5) m-1 s-1, and their logarithms exhibited a hyperbolic dependence on the ... | 1994 | 8117712 |
| the glutamyl binding site of trypanothione reductase from crithidia fasciculata: enzyme kinetic properties of gamma-glutamyl-modified substrate analogues. | trypanothione reductase, central to the redox defense systems of parasitic trypanosomes and leishmanias, is sufficiently different in its substrate-specificity from mammalian glutathione reductase to represent an attractive target for chemotherapeutic intervention. previous studies of the physiological substrates trypanothione (n1,n8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine) and n1-glutathionylspermidine disulphide established that the spermidine moiety of these substrates can be replaced by the 3-dimethyl-p ... | 1993 | 8105896 |
| comparative pharmacokinetics of diminazene in noninfected boran (bos indicus) cattle and boran cattle infected with trypanosoma congolense. | the pharmacokinetics of diminazene in five female boran (bos indicus) cattle before and then during acute and chronic phases of experimental infections with trypanosoma congolense were investigated. a 7.0% (wt/vol) solution of diminazene aceturate (berenil) was used in all three phases of the study and administered as a single intramuscular dose of 3.5 mg of diminazene base per kg of body weight. there were no significant differences between the values of pharmacokinetic parameters for the nonin ... | 1993 | 8100129 |
| epidemiology of bovine trypanosomiasis in the ghibe valley, southwest ethiopia. 3. occurrence of populations of trypanosoma congolense resistant to diminazene, isometamidium and homidium. | in july 1989, blood samples were collected from parasitaemic cattle in the ghibe valley, ethiopia, frozen in liquid nitrogen and transported to nairobi, kenya. twelve of the stabilates were inoculated into individual boran (bos indicus) calves and characterised for their sensitivity, in turn, to diminazene aceturate (berenil), isometamidium chloride (samorin) and homidium chloride (novidium). all 12 stabilates produced infections which were shown to be trypanosoma congolense and resistant to tre ... | 1993 | 8098900 |
| epidemiology of bovine trypanosomiasis in the ghibe valley, southwest ethiopia. 2. factors associated with variations in trypanosome prevalence, incidence of new infections and prevalence of recurrent infections. | an average of 840 east african zebu cattle from nine herds in the ghibe valley, southwest ethiopia were monitored from january 1986 to april 1990. each month blood samples were collected for analysis of packed red cell volume (pcv) and detection of trypanosomes. animals found to be parasitaemic and with a pcv less than 26% were treated with diminazene aceturate at a dose of 3.5 mg/kg body weight. the majority of infections were associated with trypanosoma congolense (84% of infections in adult c ... | 1993 | 8098899 |
| the relationship between decrease in feed intake and infection with trypanosoma congolense and t. vivax in west african dwarf goats. | twenty-three mature dwarf goats were used to study whether there is a relationship between the decrease in feed intake for individual goats and infection with t.congolense and t. vivax. furthermore, it was investigated how rectal temperatures and blood parameters were affected by the t. congolense infection and how changes in these parameters can be used to predict the effect of a t. vivax infection on feed intake. for individual goats a ranking correlation was found between relative dry matter ... | 1993 | 8098884 |
| respiratory activity of isolated liver mitochondria following trypanosoma congolense infection in rabbits: the role of thyroxine. | 1. the effect of trypanosome infection on rabbit liver mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation was investigated, with and without thyroxine replacement. 2. state 3 respiration, respiratory control ratio (rcr) and adp/o ratio were significantly reduced in mitochondria from trypanosome-infected animals whereas there was no change in state 4 respiration. 3. state 3 respiration, rcr and adp/o ratio were not significantly altered in trypanosome-infected animals given thyroxine replacement therapy. 4. ... | 1993 | 8095444 |
| a 69 kda immunodominant antigen of trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense is homologous to immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein (bip). | an immunodominant antigen in trypanosoma congolense-infected cattle is a 69 kda protein which is conserved among species and developmental stages of african trypanosomes. immunoscreening of a cdna expression library identified a 2.35 kbp clone which contains a complete open reading frame encoding a protein of 653 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 71 kda. protein sequence analyses revealed 45-65% identity with hsp70s from a broad range of organisms, the highest homology being with th ... | 1994 | 8084662 |
| time-dose response of trypanosoma congolense bloodstream forms to diminazene and isometamidium. | trypanosoma congolense bloodstream forms were propagated in vitro axenically in a simplified cultivation medium at 34 degrees c. viability of a drug-sensitive and a drug-resistant clone were examined for 10 days following exposure to 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 micrograms ml-1 of diminazene aceturate and 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 ng ml-1 of isometamidium chloride for various time intervals. drug-sensitive t. congolense were irreversibly damaged after incubation with 10 micrograms ml-1 or 1 microgram ml-1 diminaze ... | 1994 | 8073607 |
| [ticks and hemoparasitoses in livestock in senegal. v. the northern guinea area]. | the authors report the results of a study on ticks and hemoparasitoses among cattle, sheep and goats in the north-guinean zone. during a period of 15 months, ticks were systematically removed from 40 cattle, 40 sheep and 40 goats in order to assess the population dynamics and to determine more accurately the preferential sites of settlement of the following different species collected from these animals: amblyomma variegatum, boophilus geigyi, hyalomma truncatum, h. marginatum rufipes, rhipiceph ... | 1993 | 8073170 |
| immunoelectron microscopic studies on the specific adhesion of trypanosoma congolense to cultured vascular endothelial cells. | bloodstream forms of trypanosoma congolense were cocultivated in vitro with vascular endothelial cells. the trypanosomes adhere specifically to the endothelial surfaces of the anterior part of their flagella, as shown by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. the interaction between parasite and host cell is very tight, and frequently the accumulation of endocytotic vesicles near the contact site is observed. immunoelectron microscopy revealed a compound distributed over the total surfac ... | 1994 | 8060730 |
| maturation of trypanosome infections in tsetse. | 1994 | 8056082 | |
| sequence determination of three variable surface glycoproteins from trypanosoma congolense. conserved sequence and structural motifs. | the full-length cdna sequences of three variable surface glycoproteins from bloodstream forms of trypanosoma congolense have been determined. they encode preproteins of 429, 449, and 428 amino acids. these proteins contain the typical n-terminal leader sequences of secreted eukaryotic proteins, and display hydrophobic amino acids at their c-termini characteristic of variable surface glycoproteins; these leader sequences serve as transient membrane anchors after protein synthesis. by performing s ... | 1994 | 8055958 |
| dynamics of host blood effects in glossina morsitans sspp. infected with trypanosoma congolense and t. brucei. | the pattern of infection in glossina morsitans morsitans and g. m. centralis membrane-fed on eland, buffalo or goat blood mixed with trypanosoma congolense or t. brucei was studied from day 1 to day 10. tsetse were initially permissive vectors, with most flies harbouring infections of 10(4)-10(5) parasites on day 3. however, after a second blood meal on day 3, flies cleared many infections, with g. m. morsitans clearing more infections than g.m. centralis. infective feeds of goat blood consisten ... | 1994 | 8036228 |
| protection conferred by trypanosoma evansi infection against homologous and heterologous trypanosome challenge in rabbits. | the response of rabbits, infected with trypanosoma evansi, to challenge with homologous and heterologous trypanosome species was investigated. protection against homologous challenge was complete with partial protection observed against heterologous t. evansi and trypanosoma brucei challenge. no protection was seen against challenges with trypanosoma vivax or trypanosoma congolense. the recognition of the surface components of the parasite by the host antibodies was closely linked with complete ... | 1994 | 8030185 |
| detection of trypanosome infections in the saliva of tsetse flies and buffy-coat samples from antigenaemic but aparasitaemic cattle. | relatively simple protocols employing non-radioactive dna probes have been used for the detection of african trypanosomes in the blood of mammalian hosts and the saliva of live tsetse flies. in combination with the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), the protocols revealed trypanosomes in buffy-coat samples from antigenaemic but aparasitaemic cattle and in the saliva of live, infected tsetse flies. furthermore, the protocols were used to demonstrate concurrent natural infections of single tsetse fl ... | 1994 | 8022657 |
| chinifur, a selective inhibitor and "subversive substrate" for trypanosoma congolense trypanothione reductase. | nitrofurans with aromatic and heterocyclic substituents inhibit trypanosoma congolense trypanothione reductase (tr) and yeast glutathione reductase (gr), acting as uncompetitive inhibitors vs. nadph and noncompetitive or uncompetitive inhibitors vs. disulfide substrate. many of these compounds inhibited trypanothione reductase more efficiently than glutathione reductase. chinifur (2-[5'-nitro(furo-2'-yl)-ethene-1-yl]-4(n,n-diethylamino)-1-methyl-but-1 -yl - aminocarbonyl-4-quinoline) was the mos ... | 1994 | 7945363 |
| dna content and molecular karyotype of trypanosomes of the subgenus nannomonas. | the relative dna contents of representative stocks of 5 groups within the trypanosome subgenus nannomonas (trypanosoma simiae, godfreyi, t. congolense savannah, forest and kilifi) were measured by flow cytometry. the range of dna contents formed a continuum. nevertheless small differences were observed between the groups, with t. simiae/t. congolense savannah and t. congolense kilifi/forest at the lower and higher ends of the range respectively. analysis of karyotype by pulsed field gel electrop ... | 1994 | 7942351 |
| trypanosoma brucei, t. congolense and t. vivax infections in horses on a farm in kenya. | equines are particularly susceptible to infection with trypanosoma evansi and t. brucei, but rarely is natural t. congolense and t. vivax infection seen in horses. an outbreak of trypanosomosis occurred in a herd of horses used for patrolling the pineapple fields on the del monte farm, thika, kenya initially involving 6 horses. on subsequent screening of the entire group, t. brucei, t. congolense and t. vivax infections were detected in 16 of the 35 horses. the tests used for diagnosis included ... | 1994 | 7941037 |
| the structure, organization, and expression of the leishmania donovani gene encoding trypanothione reductase. | trypanothione reductase (tr) is an nadph-dependent flavoprotein oxidoreductase central to thiol metabolism in the trypanosomatids. we report here the cloning by expression of the leishmania donovani gene. it is single copy, expresses a 2.6-kb transcript and a 52-kda protein and is located on a 1.1-mbp chromosome. the 491 amino acid sequence has 76% similarity to crithidia fasciculata and 67% similarity to trypanosoma cruzi, trypanosoma congolense and trypanosoma brucei tr. residues recognising t ... | 1994 | 7935607 |
| [comparison of experimental trypanosomiasis in various breeds of small ruminants in burkina faso]. | twenty-four dwarf djallonké sheep and goats, and 16 sahelian fulani sheep and goats, were inoculated with strains of trypanosoma vivax and trypanosoma congolense to compare their degree of susceptibility to trypanosomosis. one animal from each breed was used as a control. anaemia was observed in all inoculated animals. in the group of animals inoculated with t. vivax, 1 djallonké goat out of 6, 3 sahelian goats out of 4 and 2 fulani sheep out of 4 died within the experimental period of 16 weeks. ... | 1993 | 7915427 |
| tumour necrosis factor production by monocytes from cattle infected with trypanosoma (duttonella) vivax and trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense: possible association with severity of anaemia associated with the disease. | plasma of cattle infected with trypanosoma vivax il2337 was analysed for the presence of bovine tumour necrosis factor (tnf) by eia in which tnf was captured by a monoclonal antibody (moab bc9) and detected by a rabbit polyclonal antiserum. at week 2-3 post infection (p.i.) only a low activity was detected. therefore, an alternative approach was used in which tnf production was measured ex vivo. monocytes from t. vivax il2337-infected cattle manifested a strong tnf production which peaked around ... | 1994 | 7908735 |
| identification and characterization of an acidic major surface glycoprotein from procyclic stage trypanosoma congolense. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were derived against the procyclic culture form of trypanosoma congolense and 14 were selected which bound to the surface of living procyclics in immunofluorescence assays. these antibodies bound to procyclics and epimastigotes of t. congolense (both savannah-type and kilifi-type) and procyclics of trypanosoma simiae, but not to procyclics of other species of trypanosomes, to bloodstream forms of several species of trypanosomes or to leishmania, and were thus life cy ... | 1993 | 7903427 |
| drug sensitivity screening in vitro of populations of trypanosoma congolense originating from cattle and tsetse flies at nguruman, kenya. | an in vitro assay that utilises in vitro-derived metacyclic trypanosomes was used to determine the drug sensitivity of 7 populations of trypanosoma congolense collected from cattle and tsetse flies at nguruman; a trypanosomiasis-endemic area in southwest kenya. the metacyclic trypanosomes used in the assay were obtained from cultures initiated directly from either the blood of cattle with low levels of parasitaemia or from guts of infected tsetse flies. sensitivities to isometamidium chloride, d ... | 1993 | 7903133 |
| an in vitro assay for drug sensitivity of trypanosoma congolense using in vitro-derived metacyclic trypanosomes. | the sensitivity of seven populations of t. congolense to the salts of three trypanocides, diminazene, isometamidium and homidium, were determined in vitro using in vitro-derived metacyclic trypanosomes. the trypanosomes were incubated at 35 degrees c for 48 h with various drug concentrations (0.5 ng-50 micrograms/ml) and then transferred to cultures containing bovine endothelial-cell monolayers, to assess their viability over the following 5 days as compared to control trypanosomes that had been ... | 1993 | 7902666 |
| alterations in drug transport in resistant trypanosoma congolense. | the transport of isometamidium chloride (samorin) in trypanosoma congolense which were either sensitive or resistant to this widely used trypanocide was studied in vitro. significantly lower amounts of drug were accumulated over time by resistant than by sensitive trypanosomes. while no direct evidence could be obtained, indirect observations implied the involvement of an increased efflux of drug from the resistant trypanosomes. in both the resistant and sensitive parasites, drug transport was f ... | 1993 | 7902664 |
| pharmacology of existing drugs for animal trypanosomiasis. | lack of much interest by the pharmaceutical industry to venture into development of new antitrypanosomal drugs has been a major stimulus to an intensification of research into the few existing drugs. those indicated for animal trypanosomiasis include: isometamidium, homidium and diminazene, used primarily against trypanosoma congolense, t. vivax and t. brucei; and quinapyramine, mainly indicated for use against t. evansi infections. a great deal of research effort has focused on development of p ... | 1993 | 7902656 |
| response of diminazene-resistant and diminazene-susceptible trypanosoma congolense to treatment with diminazene when occurring as a mixed infection in goats. | a study was carried out to determine whether a drug-resistant trypanosome population could influence the survival of a drug-sensitive population in mixed infections in goats. to identify both populations during the course of a mixed infection, a system for distinguishing them was developed; using a nucleotide sequence of a cdna that was derived from trypanosoma congolense ilnat 3.3 (il 1616), a pair of 20-mer primers was designed which, in a pcr, amplified a 900-bp sequence from the diminazene-s ... | 1994 | 7893173 |
| comparative chromatin analysis of trypanosoma congolense. | the chromatin of trypanosoma congolense was analyzed by electron microscopy. the chromatin is organized as nucleosome filaments but does not form a 30 nm fiber. there are five groups of histones, including a histone h1-like protein, which as a molecular weight within the range of the core histones, and is extremely hydrophilic. weak histone-histone interaction, a typical feature of trypanosome chromatin, was found. these results are similar to those for t. cruzi and t. b. brucei, but differ sign ... | 1994 | 7885250 |
| kinetoplast-associated proteins as potential drug targets and diagnostic markers for trypanosomiasis. | 1994 | 7884235 | |
| quantitative phenotyping of n'dama cattle for aspects of trypanotolerance under field tsetse challenge. | matching animal health and performance data were recorded over the 2 year period from weaning at 10 months of age on 255 n'dama cattle in a high natural tsetse challenge situation in zaire. four parameters that are regarded as possible indicators of trypanotolerance, species of trypanosomes detected, length of time parasitaemic, intensity of parasitaemia (parasitaemia score), and anaemic condition as estimated by packed cell volume (pcv) values, were measured and the relative effects of changes ... | 1994 | 7879377 |
| patterns of trypanosoma vivax and t. congolense infection differ in young n'dama cattle and their dams. | trypanosome infection was detected by the dark ground/phase contrast buffy coat microscopic technique in n'dama cattle in a high natural tsetse challenge situation in zaire. the data were used to compare the pattern of infection in very young animals and in their dams, and to evaluate how the pattern evolved in calves from birth to maturity, and thereafter in the different age groups represented by their dams. five hundred and fourteen calves were evaluated at 3 week intervals for an average of ... | 1994 | 7879376 |
| immunosuppression in trypanotolerant n'dama cattle following trypanosoma congolense infection. | tsetse-transmitted trypanosoma congolense infection causes an impairment of in vitro t cell proliferative responses in boran (bos indicus) cattle. to assess the importance of this phenomenon as it may relate to the ability of trypanotolerant cattle to control infection with trypanosomes, t cell proliferative responses to mitogenic stimulus with concanavalin a were measured in n'dama (bos taurus) cattle throughout infection. the responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from boran and n'dam ... | 1993 | 7877852 |
| effects of trypanosoma congolense infection in rams on the pulsatile secretion of lh and testosterone and responses to injection of gnrh. | changes in pulsatile secretion of lh and testosterone and responses to exogenous gnrh were assessed at different stages of trypanosoma congolense infection in rams. jugular blood samples were collected every 15 min for 6 h followed by immediate injection of gnrh (20 micrograms i.v.) and further sample collection after 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 min. this sampling and injection regimen was performed 5 days before infection (day -5) and 23 and 52 days after infection. t. congolense infection ... | 1994 | 7861397 |
| effects of trypanosome and helminth infections on health and production parameters of village n'dama cattle in the gambia. | the effects of trypanosome and helminth infections on health and production parameters in 2000 village n'dama cattle were assessed periodically. blood examination showed trypanosoma congolense and trypanosoma vivax to be prevalent, while strongylid-type eggs were those most frequently encountered in faecal samples. a distinct seasonal fluctuation was detected for both blood levels of trypanosomes and helminth egg output. strongylid burden and trypanosome infection had significant negative effect ... | 1994 | 7839560 |
| trypanosomatid cysteine protease activity may be enhanced by a kininogen-like moiety from host serum. | african trypanosomes contain cysteine proteases (trypanopains) the activity of which can be measured by in vitro digestion of fibrinogen, after electrophoresis in fibrinogen-containing sds/polyacrylamide gels. when assessed by this procedure, trypanopain from trypanosoma brucei (trypanopain-tb) is estimated to have a molecular mass of 28 kda. however, two additional bands of trypanopain activity (87 kda and 105 kda) are observed if serum is added to the trypanopain before electrophoresis. format ... | 1995 | 7832773 |
| the interaction of trypanosoma congolense with endothelial cells. | factors which affect adhesion of cultured trypanosoma congolense bloodstream forms to mammalian feeder cells have been examined. using an in vitro binding assay, the initial events following interaction of trypanosomes with bovine aorta endothelial (bae) cells were monitored by both light- and electron microscopy. metabolic inhibitors and other biochemicals were incubated with either cells or parasites, to test whether any inhibited the process. our findings suggest that adhesion of the parasite ... | 1994 | 7831098 |
| involvement of gamma delta t cells in immunity to trypanosomiasis. | in this study the involvement of peripheral gamma delta t cells, prepared by flow cytometry, in the immune response of cattle to primary infection with trypanosoma congolense was assessed. negligible in vitro proliferative responses were observed in gamma delta t cells isolated from trypanosusceptible boran (bos indicus) cattle at all stages examined post-infection when stimulated in vitro with parasite antigens. in contrast, both cd8+ t cells and gamma delta t cells from trypanotolerant n'dama ... | 1994 | 7821972 |