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antimicrobial activity of saponin-rich fraction from camellia oleifera cake and its effect on cell viability of mouse macrophage raw 264.7.as a by-product of oil production, several million tons of camellia oleifera cake is discarded every year in china. the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a saponin-rich fraction isolated from c. oleifera cake and investigate its effect on the cell viability of raw 264.7, a macrophage-like cell line present in almost all mouse tissues.201222430639
a new zn(ii)(2)cys(6)-type transcription factor bglr regulates β-glucosidase expression in trichoderma reesei.bglr (pi: 52368, beta-glucosidaseregulator) was identified as a new transcription factor that up-regulates expression of specific genes encoding β-glucosidases. based on a comparative genomic analysis to verify snps between trichoderma reesei mutant pc-3-7 and its parent kdg-12, 19 were confirmed. one of the snps was found to cause a missense mutation close to the end of the dna-binding region of bglr that turned out to be a zn(ii)(2)cys(6)-type fungal-specific transcription factor. bglr was fou ...201222425594
amperometric glucose biosensor utilizing fad-dependent glucose dehydrogenase immobilized on nanocomposite electrode.amperometric glucose biosensors utilizing commercially available fad-dependent glucose dehydrogenases from two strains of aspergillus species are described. enzymes were immobilized on nanocomposite electrode consisting of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by entrapment between chitosan layers. unlike the common glucose oxidase based biosensor, the presented biosensors appeared to be o(2)-independent. the optimal amount of enzymes, working potential and ph value of working media of the glucose biose ...201222418262
simultaneous enhancement of free isoflavone content and antioxidant potential of soybean by fermentation with aspergillus oryzae.in order to determine the fungal strain and fermentation period which produce the highest antioxidant activity of fermented soy product, soybean was fermented with aspergillus oryzae nl 5 isolated from korean traditional meju produced in sunchang yeastopia land in korea, and was subjected to analyzing isoflavone profiles and assaying antioxidant activity. antioxidant potential of the samples was evaluated by ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, 2,2'-azinobis (2-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic ...201122417591
gc-ms based metabolomics for rapid simultaneous detection of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium, salmonella muenchen, and salmonella hartford in ground beef and chicken.a metabolomic-based method for rapid detection of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella hartford, salmonella typhimurium, and salmonella muenchen in nonselective media was developed. all pathogenic bacteria were grown in tryptic soy broth (tsb) at 37 °c followed by metabolite quantification at 2-h intervals for 24 h. results were compared with the metabolite profiles similarly obtained with e. coli k12, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, saccharomyces cereviseae, and aspergillus oryza ...201122417363
the influence of inoculum composition on selected bioactive and nutritional parameters of grass pea tempeh obtained by mixed-culture fermentation with rhizopus oligosporus and aspergillus oryzae strains.tempeh is a popular indonesian product obtained from legume seeds by solid-state fermentation with rhizopus sp. the aim of this research was to study the effect of simultaneous mixed-culture fermentation of grass pea seeds on selected parameters of products as compared to traditional tempeh. the inoculum contained different ratios of rhizopus oligosporus and aspergillus oryzae spores. the simultaneous fermentation of grass pea seeds with inoculum consisting of 1.2 × 10(6) r. oligosporus and 0.6  ...201222414936
effect of aspergillus oryzae-challenged germination on soybean isoflavone content and antioxidant activity.application of microbial stress to soybean during germination induces the accumulation of phytoalexins, which have many health benefits. in this study, the effects of stress induced by aspergillus oryzae on the phytochemical composition of germinating soybeans were investigated, and their radical scavenging activity was compared with those of ungerminated (us) and germinated (gs) soybeans. additionally, the antioxidant activity of coumestrol, a soybean phytoalexin, against hydrogen peroxide-indu ...201222409158
gliotoxin effects on fungal growth: mechanisms and exploitation.although initially investigated for its antifungal properties, little is actually known about the effect of gliotoxin on aspergillus fumigatus and other fungi. we have observed that exposure of a. fumigatus to exogenous gliotoxin (14 μg/ml), under gliotoxin-limited growth conditions, results in significant alteration of the expression of 27 proteins (up- and down-regulated >1.9-fold; p<0.05) including de novo expression of cu, zn superoxide dismutase, up-regulated allergen asp f3 expression and ...201222405895
extract of fermented brown rice induces apoptosis of human colorectal tumor cells by activating mitochondrial pathway.brown rice fermented with aspergillus oryzae, designated as fbra, is a dietary fiber-rich food, and fully appreciated as one of the prebiotics, which are generally considered to be beneficial to the health of the body, because of stimulating the growth and/or the activity of bacteria in the digestive system. to assess the effectiveness of fbra as a functional food, the direct effect of fbra extract on human colorectal tumor cells was examined. the exposure of hct116 cells to fbra extract reduced ...201222389198
[influence of aflatoxin on vibrio fischeri luminescence].in the present study, we aim to evaluate the inhibitory effect of aflatoxin on vibrio fischeri luminescence.201122379809
biocatalytic conversion of aloeresin a to aloesin.leaf exudates from aloe species, such as the southern african aloe ferox, are used in traditional medicines for both humans and livestock. this includes aloesin, a skin bleaching product that inhibits the synthesis of melanin. aloesin, (a c-glycoside-5-methylchromone) can be released from aloeresin a, an ester of aloesin, through hydrolysis. the objective of the current study was to identify an enzymatic hydrolysis method for converting aloeresin a to aloesin, resulting in increased concentratio ...201222374229
vector-initiated transitive rna interference in the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae.rna interference (rnai), modulates gene expression via cleavage of double-stranded rna (dsrna) by dicer, producing 21-25 nucleotide silence-inducing rnas (sirnas). in association with argonaute containing complexes, these sirnas target sequence-specific degradation of the homologous single-stranded messenger rna. in the majority of eukaryotes, degradation occurs within the boundaries of the dsrna target. in arabidopsis thaliana and caenorhabditis elegans, gene silencing can also take place trans ...201222366516
secretome of aspergillus oryzae in shaoxing rice wine koji.shaoxing rice wine is the most famous and representative chinese rice wine. aspergillus oryzae su16 is used in the manufacture of koji, the shaoxing rice wine starter culture. in the current study, a comprehensive analysis of the secretome profile of a. oryzae su16 in shaoxing rice wine koji was performed for the first time. the proteomic analysis for the identification of the secretory proteins was done using two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionizat ...201222341915
presence and functionality of mating type genes in the supposedly asexual filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae.the potential for sexual reproduction in aspergillus oryzae was assessed by investigating the presence and functionality of mat genes. previous genome studies had identified a mat1-1 gene in the reference strain rib40. we now report the existence of a complementary mat1-2 gene and the sequencing of an idiomorphic region from a. oryzae strain ao6. this allowed the development of a pcr diagnostic assay, which detected isolates of the mat1-1 and mat1-2 genotypes among 180 strains assayed, including ...201222327593
a comparative study of hydrolysis and transglycosylation activities of fungal β-glucosidases.β-glucosidases (bgs) from aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae, magnaporthe grisea, neurospora crassa, and penicillium brasilianum were purified to homogeneity, and investigated for their (simultaneous) hydrolytic and transglycosylation activity in samples with high concentrations of either cellobiose or glucose. the rate of the hydrolytic process (which converts one cellobiose to two glucose molecules) shows a maximum around 10-15 mm cellobiose and decreases with further ...201322311644
synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides by β-galactosidase from aspergillus oryzae using partially dissolved and supersaturated solution of lactose.the effect of enzyme to substrate ratio, initial lactose concentration and temperature has been studied for the kinetically controlled reaction of lactose transgalactosylation with aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase, to produce prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (gos). enzyme to substrate ratio had no significant effect on maximum yield and specific productivity. galacto-oligosaccharide syntheses at very high lactose concentrations (40, 50 and 60%, w/w, lactose monohydrate) were evaluated at dif ...201122305174
analysis of the functions of recombination-related genes in the generation of large chromosomal deletions by loop-out recombination in aspergillus oryzae.loop-out-type recombination is a type of intrachromosomal recombination followed by the excision of a chromosomal region. the detailed mechanism underlying this recombination and the genes involved in loop-out recombination remain unknown. in the present study, we investigated the functions of ku70, ligd, rad52, rad54, and rdh54 in the construction of large chromosomal deletions via loop-out recombination and the effect of the position of the targeted chromosomal region on the efficiency of loop ...201222286092
functional analysis of fara transcription factor in the regulation of the genes encoding lipolytic enzymes and hydrophobic surface binding protein for the degradation of biodegradable plastics in aspergillus oryzae.fara is a zn(ii)(2)cys(6) transcription factor which upregulates genes required for growth on fatty acids in filamentous fungi like aspergillus nidulans. fara is also highly similar to the cutinase transcription factor ctf1α of fusarium solani which binds to the cutinase gene promoter in this plant pathogen. this study determines whether fara transcriptional factor also works in the regulation of genes responsible for the production of cutinase for the degradation of a biodegradable plastic, pol ...201222280964
anti-obesity effect of a standardised ethanol extract from curcuma longa l. fermented with aspergillus oryzae in ob/ob mice and primary mouse adipocytes.we examined the anti-obesity effect of fermented curcuma longa l. (turmeric) standardised ethanol extract (fte) in the c57bl/6j ob/ob mouse model. mice were fed a chow diet containing fte (0, 200, or 500 mg kg⁻¹ body weight) for 9 weeks.201222278718
effects of koji fermented phenolic compounds on the oxidative stability of fish miso.in the present study, aspergillus oryzae-inoculated koji inhibited lipid oxidation in fermented fish paste rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids following a long fermentation period. the fermentation of koji by a. oryzae liberated several bioactive phenolic compounds, including kojic acid and ferulic acid, which were the most abundant. a linear correlation between several phenolic compounds and their bioactive properties, including their radical-scavenging activity, reducing power, metal-chelating ...201222251370
cloning and characterization of a gene coding for a major extracellular chitosanase from the koji mold aspergillus oryzae.a gene coding for a major extracellular chitosanase was isolated from aspergillus oryzae iam2660. it had a multi-domain structure composed of a signal peptide, a catalytic domain, thr- and pro-rich linkers, and repeated peptides (the r3 domain) from the n-terminus. the r3 domain bound to insoluble powder chitosan, but it did not promote the hydrolysis rate of the chitosanase to any extent.201222232262
multifunctions of melb, a fungal tyrosinase from aspergillus oryzae.the pro form of melb tyrosinase from the melb gene of aspergillus oryzae was over-produced from e. coli and formed a homodimer that exhibited the spectral features of met-tyrosinase. in the presence of nh(2)oh (reductant), the proenzyme bound dioxygen to give a stable (μ-η(2):η(2) -peroxo)dicopper(ii) species (oxy form), thus indicating that the pro form tyrosinase can function as an oxygen carrier or storage protein like hemocyanin. the pro form tyrosinase itself showed no catalytic activity to ...201122213164
molecular and morphological identification of fungal species isolated from bealmijang meju.bealmijang is a short-term aged paste made from meju, which is a brick of fermented soybeans and other ingredients. different types of bealmijang are available depending on the geographic region or ingredients used. however, no study has clarified the microbial diversity of these types. we identified 17 and 14 fungal species from black soybean meju (bsm) and buckwheat meju (bwm), respectively, on the basis of morphology, culture characteristics, and internal transcribed spacer and beta-tubulin g ...201122210613
A further study on chromosome minimization by protoplast fusion in Aspergillus oryzae.Our goal in this work was to develop a method to minimize the chromosomes of Aspergillus oryzae, to arrive at a deeper understanding of essential gene functions that will help create more efficient industrially useful strains. In a previous study, we successfully constructed a highly reduced chromosome 7 using multiple large-scale chromosomal deletions (Jin et al. in Mol Genet Genomics 283:1-12, 2010). Here, we have created a further reduced chromosome A. oryzae mutant harboring a reduced chrom ...201122207035
conserved and specific responses to hypoxia in aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus nidulans determined by comparative transcriptomics.hypoxia imposes stress on filamentous fungi that require oxygen to proliferate. global transcription analysis of aspergillus oryzae grown under hypoxic conditions found that the expression of about 50% of 4,244 affected genes was either induced or repressed more than 2-fold. a comparison of these genes with the hypoxically regulated genes of aspergillus nidulans based on their predicted amino acid sequences classified them as bi-directional best hit (bbh), one-way best hit (extra homolog, eh), a ...201122170104
lack of endoplasmic reticulum 1,2-α-mannosidase activity that trims n-glycan man(9)glcnac(2) to man(8)glcnac(2) isomer b in a mane gene disruptant of aspergillus oryzae.the gene mane, encoding a probable class i endoplasmic reticulum 1,2-α-mannosidases (er-man), was identified from the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae due to similarity to orthologs. it removes a single mannose residue from man(9)glcnac(2), generating man(8)glcnac(2) isomer b. disruption of mane caused drastic decreases in er-man activity in a. oryzae microsomes.201122169093
enzymatic activity and flavor compound production in fermented silver carp fish paste inoculated with douchi starter culture.silver carp fish pastes inoculated with or without a douchi starter culture containing live aspergillus oryzae were fermented for 30 days to produce two different fermented products, designated as culf and conf, respectively. protein degradation and flavor compound production during the course of fermentation were monitored. proteolytic activity, generally higher in culf than in conf (p < 0.05) and dominated by acidic and serine proteases, declined to an overall minimum after 30 days. myosin in ...201122148721
comparative study the effects of solid-state fermentation with three filamentous fungi on the total phenolics content (tpc), flavonoids and antioxidant activities of subfractions from oats (avena sativa l.).the aim of present work was to investigate the effect of solid-state fermentation with filamentous fungi (aspergillus oryzae var. effuses, aspergillus oryzae, and aspergillus niger) on total phenolics content (tpc), flavonoids and antioxidant activities of four subfractions of oat, namely n-hexane, ethyl acetate (ea), n-butanol and water subfraction, and compare them with their corresponding subfractions of unfermented oat. the tpc and total flavonoids increased dramatically, especially in ea su ...201122136169
erratum to: enzymatic properties of the glycine d: -alanine aminopeptidase of aspergillus oryzae and its activity profiles in liquid-cultured mycelia and solid-state rice culture (rice koji). 201122120619
Effect of steam explosion and microbial fermentation on cellulose and lignin degradation of corn stover.In order to increase nutrient values of corn stover, effects of steam explosion (2.5MPa, 200s) and Aspergillus oryzae (A. oryzae) fermentation on cellulose and lignin degradation were studied. The results showed the contents of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in the exploded corn stover were 8.47%, 50.45% and 36.65% lower than that in the untreated one, respectively (P<0.05). The contents of cellulose and hemicellulose in the exploded and fermented corn stover (EFCS) were decreased by 24.36% ...201222104102
Hyper active a-amylase production by Aspergillus oryzae IFO 30103 in a new bioreactor.Aims: To improve the a-amylase production in solid-state fermentation (SSF) condition utilizing a new bioreactor (NB) system. Methods and Results: In NB system, 20 g wheat bran moistened with liquid medium in 1:1 ratio (w/v) was taken on the tray present inside the upper vessel and an additional 80 ml medium was supplemented into the lower vessel. Oxygen uptake rate was improved by supplying compressed air which lifted the liquid medium into the upper vessel and touched the substrate bed. This ...201122085311
heterologous expression system in aspergillus oryzae for fungal biosynthetic gene clusters of secondary metabolites.fungal secondary metabolites have been considered promising resources in the search for novel bioactive compounds. given the high potential of fungi as genetic resources, it is essential to find an efficient way to link biosynthetic genes to the product in a heterologous system, because many genes for the secondary metabolite in the original strain are silent under standard laboratory conditions. in a previous study, we constructed a heterologous expression system for a biosynthetic gene cluster ...201122083274
high cell-density expression system: a novel method for extracellular production of "difficult-to-express" proteins.yeast's extracellular expression provides a cost-efficient means of producing industrially useful recombinant proteins. however, depending on the protein to be expressed, the production results in a poor yield, which is occasionally accompanied with loss of the expression plasmid and hence hampered growth of the host in the inducing medium. here we propose an alternative approach, high cell-density expression, to improve the yield of a certain range of so-called difficult-to-express proteins. in ...201122079042
in silico characterization of alkaline proteases from different species of aspergillus.a total of 49 protein sequences of alkaline proteases retrieved from genbank representing different species of aspergillus have been characterized for various physiochemical properties, homology search, multiple sequence alignment, motif, and super family search and phylogenetic tree construction. the sequence level homology was obtained among different groups of alkaline protease enzymes, viz alkaline serine protease, oryzin, calpain-like protease, serine protease, subtilisin-like alkaline prot ...201122072140
Disruption of Trichoderma reesei cre2, encoding an ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase, results in increased cellulase activity.ABSTRACT:201122070776
cyclopiazonic acid biosynthesis of aspergillus flavus and aspergillus oryzae.cyclopiazonic acid (cpa) is an indole-tetramic acid neurotoxin produced by some of the same strains of a. flavus that produce aflatoxins and by some aspergillus oryzae strains. despite its discovery 40 years ago, few reviews of its toxicity and biosynthesis have been reported. this review examines what is currently known about the toxicity of cpa to animals and humans, both by itself or in combination with other mycotoxins. the review also discusses cpa biosynthesis and the genetic diversity of ...200922069533
dry fermented sausages made with a protease from aspergillus oryzae and/or a starter culture.sausages with a starter culture (lactobacillus plantarum + staphylococcus carnosus), a protease (fungal protease from solvay enzymes) and both enzyme/starter were produced from the same raw matter under the same conditions for 15 days of ripening. the lowest ph values were found in fungal/starter sausages. significantly higher amounts of free amino acids (faa) were seen in sausages containing enzyme from the 3rd day of ripening, whereas amino acids from peptides (paa) were significantly higher o ...199922062704
proteolysis in dry fermented sausages: the effect of selected exogenous proteases.the effect of three commercial proteases (pronase e from streptomyces griseus, aspartyl proteinase from aspergillus oryzae and papain) on protein breakdown and the sensory characteristics of dry fermented sausages was investigated. water soluble, non-protein, 5% phosphotungstic acid soluble, 5% sulphosalicylic acid soluble and total volatile basic nitrogen contents increased during fermentation, stabilizing later until the end of ripening (26th day). nitrogen values were always greater in the as ...199722061850
Functional analysis of the cyclopiazonic acid biosynthesis gene cluster in Aspergillus oryzae RIB 40.The cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) nonproducing strain, Aspergillus oryzae RIB 40, does not biosynthesize cyclo-acetoacetyl-L-tryptophan (cAATrp) due to a truncation in the responsible PKS-NRPS gene. We found that RIB 40 converted cAATrp to 2-oxocyclopiazonic acid, the final product of CPA biosynthesis in A. oryzae. This indicates that the CPA biosynthesis gene cluster, except for the PKS-NRPS gene, is functional in RIB 40.201122056451
volatile components of the enzyme-ripened sufu, a chinese traditional fermented product of soy bean.in the present study, sufu, a soft cheese-like oriental fermented food, was prepared by ripening the salted-tofu cubes in aspergillus oryzae-fermented soybean-rice koji at 37°c for 16days (16-day sufu). sufu was further held at room temperature for another 30days (46-day sufu). the volatile components of the non-fermented tofu cubes and the sufu products were identified and quantified by gc and gc-ms. a total of 70 volatile compounds including 20 aldehydes, 18 alcohols, 16 esters, 5 ketones, 5 a ...201122051578
[homology modeling and molecular docking of xylitol dehydrogenase from aspergillus oryzae].we investigated the structure model and function of xylitol dehydrogenase from aspergillus oryzae.201122043796
synergistic antimicrobial activities of natural essential oils with chitosan films.the synergistic antimicrobial activities of three natural essential oils (i.e., clove bud oil, cinnamon oil, and star anise oil) with chitosan films were investigated. cinnamon oil had the best antimicrobial activity among three oils against escherichia coli , staphylococcus aureus , aspergillus oryzae , and penicillium digitatum . the chitosan solution exhibited good inhibitory effects on the above bacteria except the fungi, whereas chitosan film had no remarkable antimicrobial activity. th ...201122034912
Alternative routes of acetyl-CoA synthesis identified by comparative genomic analysis: involvement in the lipid production of oleaginous yeast and fungi.For a bio-based economy, microbial lipids offer a potential solution as alternative feedstocks in the oleochemical industry. The existing genome data for the promising strains, oleaginous yeasts and fungi, allowed us to investigate candidate orthologous sequences that participate in their oleaginicity. Comparative genome analysis of the non-oleaginous (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans and Ashbya gossypii) and oleaginous strains (Yarrowia lipolytica, Rhizopus oryzae, Aspergillus oryzae ...201222016567
indigestible dextrin is an excellent inducer for α-amylase, α-glucosidase and glucoamylase production in a submerged culture of aspergillus oryzae.α-amylase activities of aspergillus oryzae grown on dextrin or indigestible dextrin were 7·8 and 27·7 u ml(-1), respectively. glucoamylase activities of the cultures grown on dextrin or indigestible dextrin were 5·4 and 301 mu ml(-1), respectively. the specific glucoamylase production rate in indigestible dextrin batch culture reached 1·35 u g dw(-1) h(-1). in contrast, biomass concentration of a. oryzae in indigestible dextrin culture was 35% of that in dextrin culture. thus, the culture method ...201122009575
Identification and characterization of a putative basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor involved in the early stage of conidiophore development in Aspergillus oryzae.The helix-loop-helix (HLH) family of transcriptional factors is a key player in a wide range of developmental processes. HLH proteins form homo- and/or heterodimers with other HLH proteins and bind to E-box motifs. The regulation and functions of these proteins can be complex due to their bifunctional roles as activators and repressors of gene transcription. In this study, we isolated and characterized a novel predicted bHLH protein-encoding gene, AO090023000902, designated ecdR (early conidioph ...201122008745
enzymatic properties of the glycine d-alanine aminopeptidase of aspergillus oryzae and its activity profiles in liquid-cultured mycelia and solid-state rice culture (rice koji).the gdaa gene encoding s12 family glycine-d: -alanine aminopeptidase (gdaa) was found in the industrial fungus aspergillus oryzae. gdaa shares 43% amino acid sequence identity with the d: -aminopeptidase of the gram-negative bacterium ochrobactrum anthropi. gdaa purified from an a. oryzae gdaa-overexpressing strain exhibited high d: -stereospecificity and efficiently released n-terminal glycine and d: -alanine of substrates in a highly specific manner. the optimum ph and temperature were 8 to 9 ...201122005737
heterologous expression and biochemical characterization of novel pyranose 2-oxidases from the ascomycetes aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus oryzae.a gene encoding a pyranose 2-oxidase (pox; pyranose/oxygen 2-oxidoreductase; glucose 2-oxidase; ec 1.1.3.10) was identified in the genome of the ascomycete aspergillus nidulans. attempts to isolate pox directly from a. nidulans cultures or to homologously overexpress the native pox (under control of the constitutive gpda promoter) in a. nidulans were unsuccessful. cdna encoding pox was synthesized from mrna and expressed in escherichia coli, and the enzyme was subsequently purified and character ...201121968652
influence of dietary ingredients on in vitro inflammatory response of intestinal porcine epithelial cells challenged by an enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (k88).enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) k88 is the main bacterial cause of diarrhea in piglets around weaning and the adhesion of etec to the intestinal mucosa is a prerequisite step for its colonization. in this study, the adhesion of a fimbriated etec and a non-fimbriated e. coli (nfec) to the intestinal cells and the activation of the innate immune system were evaluated using a porcine intestinal epithelial cell line (ipec-j2). the impact of several feedstuffs (wheat bran (wb); casein glycoma ...201121944732
Effects of fermented brown rice on the intestinal environments in healthy adult.The aim of this study is to investigate the prebiotic effects of brown rice fermented by Aspergillus oryzae (FBRA) on the intestinal environment in vitro and in healthy adults.201121921425
rational domain swaps decipher programming in fungal highly reducing polyketide synthases and resurrect an extinct metabolite.the mechanism of programming of iterative highly reducing polyketide synthases remains one of the key unsolved problems of secondary metabolism. we conducted rational domain swaps between the polyketide synthases encoding the biosynthesis of the closely related compounds tenellin and desmethylbassianin. expression of the hybrid synthetases in aspergillus oryzae led to the production of reprogrammed compounds in which the changes to the methylation pattern and chain length could be mapped to the ...201121899331
Multifunctional nanoadditives for the thermodynamic and kinetic stabilization of enzymes.Stabilization of enzymes has become a major focus in the quest to improve the activity, sustainability and recyclability of enzymes for their successful integration into both industry and medicine. Here, we describe the kinetic and thermodynamic stabilization of a variety of enzymes in the presence of cationic multifunctional polymeric nanoparticles.201121897968
formate oxidase, an enzyme of the glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase family, has a his-arg pair and 8-formyl-fad at the catalytic site.formate oxidase of aspergillus oryzae rib40 contains an 8-replaced fad with molecular mass of 799 as cofactor. the ¹h-nmr spectrum of the cofactor fraction obtained from the enzyme indicated that the 8-replaced fad in the fraction was 8-formyl-fad, present in open form and hemiacetal form. the oxidation-reduction potentials of the open and hemiacetal forms were estimated by cyclic voltammetry to be -47 and -177 mv vs. normal hydrogen electrode respectively. the structure of the enzyme was constr ...201121897046
aspergillus oryzae laea regulates kojic acid synthesis genes.kojic acid synthesis genes regulation was investigated in aspergillus oryzae. our results indicate that kojic acid production was lost in the laea disruption strain, but was recovered in the laea complement strain. real-time pcr also confirmed that expression of kojic acid biosynthesis genes decreased in the laea disruption strain, indicating that these genes are under the control of laea.201121897021
total biosynthesis of diterpene aphidicolin, a specific inhibitor of dna polymerase α: heterologous expression of four biosynthetic genes in aspergillus oryzae.clustering of biosynthetic genes for producing fungal secondary metabolites, which frequently consist of less than ten genes, has been recognized with numerous genomes. the heterologous expression of whole genes in the clusters will therefore produce various types of natural products when using a suitable fungal host. we introduced the whole gene cluster for the biosynthesis of diterpene aphidicolin into the fungal quadruple auxotrophic host, aspergillus oryzae, by using four different vectors ( ...201121897020
Development of fluorescent probes for the detection of fucosylated N-glycans using an Aspergillus oryzae lectin.The a(1,6)-fucose attached to the core N-glycan (core fucose) of glycoproteins has been known to play essential roles in various pathophysiological events, including oncogenesis and metastasis. Aspergillus oryzae lectin (AOL) encoded by the fleA gene has been reported to bind to N-glycans containing core fucose. The fleA gene encoding AOL was cloned into an Escherichia coli expression vector and then fused with genes of fluorescent proteins for production of fusion proteins. The resulting FleA-f ...201121892597
Species identification of Aspergillus, Fusarium and Mucorales with direct surface analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.Clin Microbiol Infect ABSTRACT: Accurate species discrimination of filamentous fungi is essential, because some species have specific antifungal susceptibility patterns, and misidentification may result in inappropriate therapy. We evaluated matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for species identification through direct surface analysis of the fungal culture. By use of culture collection strains representing 55 species of Aspergillus, Fusariu ...201121883662
Comparison of covalent immobilization of amylase on polystyrene pellets with pentaethylenehexamine and pentaethylene glycol spacers.a-Amylase from Aspergillus oryzae was covalently immobilized onto polystyrene pellets with pentaethylenehexamine (PS-PEHA-Ald) and pentaethylene glycol (PS-PG-Ald) carrying a terminal aldehyde group. Optimum immobilization occured at pH 8.0 and 25 °C, and at pH 7.0 and 35 °C for PS-PEHA-Ald and PS-PG-Ald, respectively. PS-PEHA-Ald immobilized enzyme retained approximately 75% of the initial activity over 45 days of storage, 70% of the initial activity after nine runs of recycling and displayed t ...201121868216
Specificity of carboxypeptidases from Actinomucor elegans and their debittering effect on soybean protein hydrolysates.The specificities of carboxypeptidases from Actinomucor elegans were investigated by determining enzymatic activities at pH 7.0 and pH 4.0 with 16 Z-dipeptides and three Z-tripeptides as substrates. The debittering effect was evaluated and the free amino acid compositions of the soybean protein hydrolysates were analyzed before and after treatment with A. elegans extract at pH 7.0 and pH 4.0, with carboxypeptidases from Aspergillus oryzae as control. The results of the enzyme activity determinat ...201121858525
identification, cloning, and characterization of β-glucosidase from ustilago esculenta.hydrolytic enzymes responsible for laminarin degradation were found to be secreted during growth of ustilago esculenta on laminarin. an enzyme involved in laminarin degradation was purified by assaying release of glucose from laminaribiose. ion-exchange chromatography of the culture filtrate followed by size-exclusion chromatography yielded a 110-kda protein associated with laminaribiose hydrolysis. lc/ms/ms analysis of the 110-kda protein identified three peptide sequences that shared significa ...201121850431
a carrier fusion significantly induces unfolded protein response in heterologous protein production by aspergillus oryzae.in heterologous protein production by filamentous fungi, target proteins are expressed as fusions with homologous secretory proteins, called carriers, for higher production yields. although carrier fusion is thought to overcome the bottleneck in transcriptional and (post)translational processes during heterologous protein production, there is limited knowledge of its physiological effects on the host strain. in this study, we performed dna microarray analysis by comparing gene expression pattern ...201121822643
targeted gene disruption in koji mold aspergillus oryzae.filamentous fungi have received attentions as hosts for heterologous protein production because of their high secretion capability and eukaryotic post-translational modifications. one of the safest hosts for heterologous protein production is koji mold aspergillus oryzae since it has been used in the production of japanese fermented foods for over 1,000 years. the production levels of proteins from higher eukaryotes are much lower than those of homologous (fungal) proteins. bottlenecks in the he ...201121815109
aspergillus oryzae lectin induces anaphylactoid edema and mast cell activation through its interaction with fucose of mast cell-bound non-specific ige.we investigated whether aspergillus oryzae lectin (aol), a fucose-specific lectin, induces anaphylactoid reactions and mast cell activation. the injection of aol into footpads of mice produced a dose-related acute paw edema. the aol-induced edema was attenuated by predose of histamine h1 receptor blocker or pretreatment of the lectin with fucose before injection, and was not observed in scid and mast cell-deficient wbb6f1-w/wv mice. these results suggested that the aol-induced anaphylactoid reac ...201121790704
a novel biocatalytic approach to acetylation of 1-ß-d: -arabinofuranosylcytosine by aspergillus oryzae whole cell in organic solvents.biocatalytic acylation of 1-ß-d: -arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-c) was developed using whole cell of aspergillus oryzae as a novel catalyst. (13)c nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) analysis indicated that the whole-cell biocatalyst had more specific activity toward the 3'-hydroxyl group than 5'-hydroxyl group among the available hydroxyl groups in sugar moiety of ara-c. except for glucose and maltose, 11 carbon sources supplemented to basal media, including spans, tweens, olive oil and oleic acid ...201121755282
cellulolytic enzymes production via solid-state fermentation: effect of pretreatment methods on physicochemical characteristics of substrate.we investigated the effect of pretreatment on the physicochemical characteristics-crystallinity, bed porosity, and volumetric specific surface of soybean hulls and production of cellulolytic enzymes in solid-state fermentation of trichoderma reesei and aspergillus oryzae cultures. mild acid and alkali and steam pretreatments significantly increased crystallinity and bed porosity without significant change inholocellulosic composition of substrate. crystalline and porous steam-pretreated soybean ...201121755043
direct ethanol production from hemicellulosic materials of rice straw by use of an engineered yeast strain codisplaying three types of hemicellulolytic enzymes on the surface of xylose-utilizing saccharomyces cerevisiae cells.the cost of the lignocellulose-hydrolyzing enzymes used in the saccharification process of ethanol production from biomass accounts for a relatively high proportion of total processing costs. cell surface engineering technology has facilitated a reduction in these costs by integrating saccharification and fermentation processes into a recombinant microbe strain expressing heterologous enzymes on the cell surface. we constructed a recombinant saccharomyces cerevisiae that not only hydrolyzed hemi ...201121741417
isolation of a novel promoter for efficient protein expression by aspergillus oryzae in solid-state culture.a novel promoter from a hemolysin-like protein encoding the gene, hlya, was characterized for protein overexpression in aspergillus oryzae grown in solid-state culture. using endo-1,4-+¦-glucanase from a. oryzae (cela) as the reporter, promoter activity was found to be higher than that of the +¦-amylase (amya) and manganese superoxide dismutase (sodm) genes not only in wheat bran solid-state culture but also in liquid culture. expression of the a. oryzae endoglucanase celb and two heterologous e ...201121732241
peroxisomes are involved in biotin biosynthesis in aspergillus and arabidopsis.among the eukaryotes only plants and a number of fungi are able to synthesize biotin. although initial events leading to the biosynthesis of biotin remain largely unknown, the final steps are known to occur in the mitochondria. here we deleted the aopex5 and aopex7 genes encoding the receptors for peroxisomal targeting signals pts1 and pts2, respectively, in the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae. in addition to exhibiting defects in the peroxisomal targeting of either pts1 or pts2 proteins, ...201121730067
proteomics of eukaryotic microorganisms: the medically and biotechnologically important fungal genus aspergillus.fungal species of the genus aspergillus play significant roles as model organisms in basic research, as "cell factories" for the production of organic acids, pharmaceuticals or industrially important enzymes and as pathogens causing superficial and invasive infections in animals and humans. the release of the genome sequences of several aspergillus sp. has paved the way for global analyses of protein expression in aspergilli including the characterisation of proteins, which have not designated a ...201121726053
identification and comparison of cutinases for synthetic polyester degradation.cutinases have been exploited for a broad range of reactions, from hydrolysis of soluble and insoluble esters to polymer synthesis. to further expand the biotechnological applications of cutinases for synthetic polyester degradation, we perform a comparative activity and stability analysis of five cutinases from alternaria brassicicola (abc), aspergillus fumigatus (afc), aspergillus oryzae (aoc), humicola insolens (hic), and the well-characterized fusarium solani (fsc). of the cutinases, hic dem ...201121713515
[promotive excretion of causative agents of yusho by fermented brown rice with aspergillus oryze in yusho patients].forty two years have passed since the outbreak of kanemi rice oil poisoning, namely, yusho in the western japan. however, even now the yusho patients have been still suffering from several objective and subjective symptoms. in order to improve or, if possible, to cure such symptoms, the most important therapeutic treatment is considered to actively excrete the causative agents, that is, polychlorinated dibenzofurans (pcdfs) from the bodies of the patients and to reduce their body burdens. in rat ...201121706891
cloning and expression of a tyrosinase from aspergillus oryzae in yarrowia lipolytica: application in l: -dopa biotransformation.amplification of the tyrosinase gene (melo) from the genomic dna of aspergillus oryzae ncim 1212 yielded a 1.6-kb product. this gene was cloned into pylex1, and the resulting ptyro-ylex1 vector was transformed in yarrowia lipolytica strain po1g. a clone displaying the highest specific activity for tyrosinase (10.94-áu/mg) was used for obtaining the complementary dna (cdna) and for protein expression studies. cdna sequence analysis indicated the splicing of an intron present in the melo gene by p ...201121687965
identification of potential cell wall component that allows taka-amylase a adsorption in submerged cultures of aspergillus oryzae.we observed that +¦-amylase (taka-amylase a; taa) activity in the culture broth disappeared in the later stage of submerged cultivation of aspergillus oryzae. this disappearance was caused by adsorption of taa onto the cell wall of a. oryzae and not due to protein degradation by extracellular proteolytic enzymes. to determine the cell wall component(s) that allows taa adsorption efficiently, the cell wall was fractionated by stepwise alkali treatment and enzymatic digestion. consequently, alkali ...201121687962
effect of xylose on the molecular and particle size distribution of peanut hydrolysate in maillard reaction system.the maillard reaction is a complex series of reactions between reducing sugars and amino groups. changing any of reaction parameters would alter the reaction pathway. this study investigated the effect of xylose concentration on the molecular and particle size distribution of maillard reaction products (mrps) derived from peanut hydrolysate and xylose to discuss their formation mechanism.201121674506
toxicological studies on a novel phytase expressed from synthetic genes in aspergillus oryzae.phytases are widely used as feed additives for monogastric animals, which cannot easily utilise the phosphorus bound in phytate (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate). the current study presents a safety evaluation of a 6-phytase produced by an aspergillus oryzae strain expressing two synthetic genes, both mimicking a phytase gene from a citrobacter braakii strain. oral administration of the phytase preparation to rats at a dose level of 0.86 g total organic solids/kg body weight/day for 13 weeks did n ...201121672596
exocytosis and growth do not occur only at hyphal tips.mycologists have put extreme emphasis on hyphal tip growth as the primary mode of growth in filamentous fungi. much attention has also been focused on the exocytosis of extracellular enzymes from hyphal tips. however, growth and exocytosis commonly occur at hyphal locations other than tips. here i briefly review our limited understanding of growth and exocytosis during intercalary hyphal extension, subapical branch initiation, septum formation and secondary wall thickening. secretion of extracel ...201121645129
enzymatic deinking of secondary fibers: cellulases/hemicellulases versus laccase-mediator system.the use of enzymes has been suggested as an environmentally friendly alternative to complement conventional chemical deinking in the recycling of recovered paper. this study compares the use of cellulases/hemicellulases versus the laccase-mediator system for deinking printed fibers from newspapers and magazines. for this purpose, two commercial enzyme preparations with endoglucanase and endoxylanase activities (viscozyme wheat from aspergillus oryzae and ultraflo l from humicola insolens, novozy ...201121643708
characterization of galactooligosaccharides derived from lactulose.galactooligosaccharides are non-digestible carbohydrates with potential ability to modulate selectively the intestinal microbiota. in this work, a detailed characterization of oligosaccharides obtained by transgalactosylation reactions of the prebiotic lactulose, by using β-galactosidases of different fungal origin (aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus aculeatus and kluveromyces lactis), is reported. oligosaccharides of degree of polymerization (dp) up to 6 were detected and quantified by hplc-esi ms ...201121641605
crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of aspergillus oryzae catechol oxidase.catechol oxidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of o-diphenols to the corresponding o-quinones. it is a copper-containing enzyme with a binuclear copper active site. here, the crystallization and multiple-wavelength anomalous dispersion data collection of catechol oxidase from the mould fungus aspergillus oryzae are described. during the purification, three forms of the enzyme (39.3, 40.5 and 44.3 kda) were obtained. a mixture of these three forms was initially crystallized and gave c ...201121636908
competitive biosorption of acid blue 25 and acid red 337 onto unmodified and cdab-modified biomass of aspergillus oryzae.the performance of unmodified and cetyldimethylethyl ammonium bromide (cdab) modified nonviable aspergillus oryzae for removal of acid blue 25 (ab 25) and acid red 337 (ar 337) was investigated in single and binary systems. in single system, the biosorption capacities of cdab-modified biosorbent reached 160.36 and 280.39mgg(-1) for ab 25 and ar 337, respectively, which were 1.52 and 1.66 times higher than that of unmodified biosorbent. in binary system, the biosorption capacities of unmodified a ...201121624828
genetic safeguard against mycotoxin cyclopiazonic acid production in aspergillus oryzae.aspergillus oryzae is a fungus widely used in traditional japanese fermentation industries. its inability to produce mycotoxins, due to mutation or transcriptional repression of the genes responsible for their biosynthesis, is consistent with the hypothesis that a. oryzae is a domesticated species derived from a. flavus, a wild species that is a well-known producer of aflatoxin. in contrast, the cyclopiazonic acid (cpa) biosynthetic gene (cpa) cluster in a. oryzae contains genes that have been l ...201121608094
xylose triggers reversible phosphorylation of xlnr, the fungal transcriptional activator of xylanolytic and cellulolytic genes in aspergillus oryzae.xlnr is a transcription factor that mediates d-xylose-triggered induction of xylanolytic and cellulolytic genes in aspergillus. in order to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying xlnr-mediated induction, aspergillus oryzae xlnr was fused with the c-myc tag and examined by western blotting. phosphate-affinity sds-page revealed that xlnr was present as a mixture of variously phosphorylated forms in the absence of d-xylose, and that d-xylose triggered additional phosphorylation of the protein. ...201121597200
oral administration of multispecies microbial supplements to sows influences the composition of gut microbiota and fecal organic acids in their post-weaned piglets.the timings of the administration of microbial supplements to control the populations of gut microbiota of piglets have been poorly understood. here the effects of temporal administering multispecies microbial supplements to sows on the composition of gut microbiota and on the bacteria-mediated fecal metabolites in their offsprings were investigated. during gestation and lactation, pregnant sows were fed either a normal diet (group a) or a diet with multispecies supplements comprised of nine mic ...201121592857
fermented soybean liquid alleviated peptic ulcer through the destruction of acidic proton pump rather than suppression of urease of helicobacter pylori : a kinetic analysis.fermented soybean liquid (fsl) has been well cited for its broad spectrum of biological effects, yet its documented gastropeptic ulcer (gpu) ameliorating effect is still lacking. it was hypothesized that to avoid the injury exerted by gastric fluid, hp has to be sheltered in chyme emulsions immediately on infection. the hp urease (hpu) and the acidic proton pump (pp) may act as the "two-point ph modulator" to maintain an optimum ph between 6 and 7, and fsl is able to destroy such a modulating me ...201121591741
in silico analysis of 3'-end-processing signals in aspergillus oryzae using expressed sequence tags and genomic sequencing data.to investigate 3'-end-processing signals in aspergillus oryzae, we created a nucleotide sequence data set of the 3'-untranslated region (3' utr) plus 100 nucleotides (nt) sequence downstream of the poly(a) site using a. oryzae expressed sequence tags and genomic sequencing data. this data set comprised 1065 sequences derived from 1042 unique genes. the average 3' utr length in a. oryzae was 241 nt, which is greater than that in yeast but similar to that in plants. the 3' utr and 100 nt sequence ...201121586533
permanent genetic resources added to molecular ecology resources database 1 october 2009-30 november 2009.this article documents the addition of 411 microsatellite marker loci and 15 pairs of single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) sequencing primers to the molecular ecology resources database. loci were developed for the following species: acanthopagrus schlegeli, anopheles lesteri, aspergillus clavatus, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus terreus, branchiostoma japonicum, branchiostoma belcheri, colias behrii, coryphopterus personatus, cynogolssus semilaevis, cy ...201021565039
development of vntr markers for three aspergillus species used in brewing.using a bioinformatics approach, we developed 18 variable number of tandem repeat markers for aspergillus oryzae for use in population genetic studies. repeat sequences in the genome sequences of a. oryzae were identified by a tandem repeat finding program. length polymorphisms at 18 loci were examined in 41 strains of a. oryzae. the total number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 20. investigation of cross-species amplifications with a. sojae and a. tamarii showed success. the variable num ...200921564707
septum-directed secretion in the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae.although exocytosis in fungal cells takes place at hyphal tips, there also seems a line of circumstantial evidence suggesting the occurrence of exocytosis at other sites of cells, such as septa. to investigate whether exocytosis takes place at fungal septa, we monitored dynamics of egfp-fused α-amylase (amyb-egfp), the representative secretory enzyme of the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae. we found that amyb-egfp accumulates in spitzenkörper at hyphal tips as well as septal periplasm betwe ...201121564341
identification and modulation of the key amino acid residue responsible for the ph sensitivity of neoculin, a taste-modifying protein.neoculin occurring in the tropical fruit of curculigo latifolia is currently the only protein that possesses both a sweet taste and a taste-modifying activity of converting sourness into sweetness. structurally, this protein is a heterodimer consisting of a neoculin acidic subunit (nas) and a neoculin basic subunit (nbs). recently, we found that a neoculin variant in which all five histidine residues are replaced with alanine elicits intense sweetness at both neutral and acidic ph but has no tas ...201121559382
scientific advances with aspergillus species that are used for food and biotech applications.yeast and filamentous fungi have been used for centuries in diverse biotechnological processes. fungal fermentation technology is traditionally used in relation to food production, such as for bread, beer, cheese, sake and soy sauce. last century, the industrial application of yeast and filamentous fungi expanded rapidly, with excellent examples such as purified enzymes and secondary metabolites (e.g. antibiotics), which are used in a wide range of food as well as non-food industries. research o ...200821558706
purification and properties of a novel phenolic antioxidant from radix astragali fermented by aspergillus oryzae m29.the chinese herb radix astragalus (ra) has been widely used as a dietary supplement in asia, and there are numerous reports on its bioactivities. however, there are no reports to date regarding the use of aspergillus spp. in the culture medium of the ra plant for the production of phenolic antioxidants. in this study, utilizing the fungus aspergillus to ferment the native ra has successfully resulted in a significant increase in the phenolic contents of ra, and the fermented ra also revealed muc ...201121557623
a pseudo steady-state model for galacto-oligosaccharides synthesis with β-galactosidase from aspergillus oryzae.a pseudo steady-state model for the kinetically controlled synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides (gos) with aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase is presented. the model accounts for the dynamics of lactose consumption and production of galactose, glucose, di, tri, tetra, and penta-oligosaccharides during the synthesis, being able to describe the total gos content in the reaction medium at the experimental conditions evaluated. experimental results show that the formation of gos containing only gal ...201121557202
characterization and comparison of microbial community of different typical chinese liquor daqus by pcr-dgge.aims:  to identify and compare microbiota in chinese liquor daqu, which were produced in the different regions using different production process. methods and results:  the dna exacted from daqu samples was used as a template for pcr with universal primers of 16s rrna, 26s rrna and 18s rrna, respectively. the amplicons were analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge). it was observed that the bacterial dgge profile indicated high diversity and predominance of lactic acid bacter ...201121554340
sclr, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, regulates hyphal morphology and promotes sclerotial formation in aspergillus oryzae.most known basic-region helix-loop-helix (bhlh) proteins belong to a superfamily of transcription factors often involved in the control of growth and differentiation. therefore, inappropriate expression of genes encoding bhlh proteins is frequently associated with developmental dysfunction. in our previously reported study, a novel bhlh protein-encoding gene (ao090011000215) of aspergillus oryzae was identified. the gene-disrupted strain was found to produce dense conidia, but sparse sclerotia, ...201121551246
high-yields heterologous production of the novel aspergillus fumigatus elastase inhibitor afuei in aspergillus oryzae.afuei, an elastase inhibitor produced by aspergillus fumigatus strongly inhibits the elastolytic activity of a. fumigatus etc. to purify afuei, we constructed a strain that overproduces afuei by introducing the gene encoding afuei (genbank accession no. ab546725) under control of the amyb promoter into the heterologous host aspergillus oryzae. a. oryzae tf-4 displayed strong elastase inhibitory activity and produced considerably more afuei than that of a. fumigatus. furthermore, afuei could be p ...201121543256
ultrasound-assisted generation of ace-inhibitory peptides from casein hydrolyzed with nanoencapsulated protease.background: bioactive peptides generated from milk proteins are eminent ingredients for functional foods and nutraceuticals. amongst several approaches to release these peptides, hydrolysis of milk proteins with proteolytic enzymes is a promising choice. it is, however, required to inactivate the enzyme after a predetermined time, which leads to impurity of the final product. immobilization of enzyme molecules can overcome this problem as it simplifies enzyme separation from the reaction mixture ...201121538371
the influence of douchi starter cultures on the composition of extractive components, microbiological activity, and sensory properties of fermented fish pastes.three experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that douchi cultures could serve as a potential starter for enhancing the quality attributes of fermented silver carp meat. in experiment 1, an active, prefermented douchi culture was incorporated into a fish paste to aid in the fish fermentation (30 d) and facilitate biochemical production of extractive flavor components (prf). in experiment 2, a fully fermented (30 d) douchi was added to a fish paste and the mixture was fermented for 30 d ...201121535644
synthesis, antibacterial activity and quantum-chemical studies of novel 2-arylidenehydrazinyl-4-arylthiazole analogues.a new series of 2-arylidenehydrazinyl-4-arylthiazole derivatives (2a-k) was designed and synthesized through a rapid, simple, and efficient methodology in excellent isolated yield. these compounds were screened for in vitro antimicrobial activities against eight bacteria, e.g. bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, pseudomonas aeruginosa, shigella dysenteriae, salmonella typhi, escherichia coli, and three fungi e.g. aspergillus oryzae, candida albicans, a ...201121532194
kojic acid biosynthesis in aspergillus oryzae is regulated by a zn(ii)(2)cys(6) transcriptional activator and induced by kojic acid at the transcriptional level.a gene encoding the zn(ii)(2)cys(6) transcriptional factor is clustered with two genes involved in biosynthesis of a secondary metabolite, kojic acid (ka), in aspergillus oryzae. we determined that the gene was essential for ka production and the transcriptional activation of ka biosynthetic genes, which were triggered by the addition of ka.201121514215
enzymatic properties of the recombinant serine-type carboxypeptidase ocpc, which is unique to aspergillus oryzae.gene ao090103000153 is unique to aspergillus oryzae rib40 and a. flavus nrrl3357, and is speculated to encode a serine-type carboxypeptidase. in this study, we purified and characterized a heterologously expressed gene product of ao090103000153. 5'-rapid amplification of cdna ends indicated that the translation start site of the gene is located 1,586 bp downstream of the translation start site predicted by the genome sequencing project. the gene, starting from the revised translation start codon ...201121512241
development of an aspergillus oryzae whole-cell biocatalyst coexpressing triglyceride and partial glyceride lipases for biodiesel production.an aspergillus oryzae whole-cell biocatalyst which coexpresses fusarium heterosporum lipase (fhl) and mono- and di-acylglycerol lipase b (mdlb) in the same cell has been developed to improve biodiesel production. by screening a number of transformants, the best strain was obtained when fhl gene was integrated into a. oryzae chromosome using sc selection marker while mdlb was integrated using niad selection marker. the reaction system using the lipase-coexpressing whole-cells was found to be supe ...201121507622
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