Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| phenological measurements of microsporogenesis in trees. | the value of two heat sum methods, one linear (degree days > 5 degrees c) and the other curvilinear (period units), were assessed together with calendar days as predictors of the duration of microsporogenesis in seven natural stands of norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) and eleven natural stands of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.). microsporogenesis was divided into two subperiods: march 19 to tetrads (i.e., the end of meiosis) and tetrads to anthesis. the total period from march 19 to anth ... | 1995 | 14965934 |
| leaching of dissolved organic carbon and carbon dioxide emission after compost application to six nutrient-depleted forest soils. | the objective of this study was to assess the effect of compost application on soil respiration and dissolved organic carbon (doc) output of nutrient-depleted forest soils. an amount of 6.3 kg m(-2) mature compost was applied to the forest floor of european beech (fagus sylvatica l.), norway spruce (picea abies karst.), and scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) stands at soiling and unterlüss, germany. cumulative soil respiration significantly increased by 499 g c m(-2) in the spruce stand at unterlü ... | 2004 | 14964362 |
| pyrene degradation in forest humus microcosms with or without pine and its mycorrhizal fungus. | the mineralization potential of forest humus and the self-cleaning potential of a boreal coniferous forest environment for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) compounds was studied using a model ecosystem of acid forest humus (ph = 3.6) and pyrene as the model compound. the matrix was natural humus or humus mixed with oil-polluted soil in the presence and absence of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and its mycorrhizal fungus (paxillus involutus). the rates of pyrene mineralization in the micro ... | 2004 | 14964357 |
| the fractal dimension as a measure of the quality of habitats. | habitat fragmentation produces isolated patches characterized by increased edge effects from an originally continuous habitat. the shapes of these patches often show a high degree of irregularity: their shapes deviate significantly from regular geometrical shapes such as rectangular and elliptical ones. in fractal theory, the geometry of patches created by a common landscape transformation process should be statistically similar, i.e. their fractal dimensions and their form factors should be equ ... | 2004 | 14963403 |
| response of lai-2000 estimates to changes in plant surface area index in a scots pine stand. | we assessed the accuracy with which the lai-2000 plant canopy analyzer measured changes in leaf area index (lai) and plant area index (pai) in a 25-year-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) stand. stand density was 2100 stems ha(-1) and mean tree height was 8.7 m. needle and branch areas of the stand were reduced progressively to zero by the stepwise removal of branches on all trees growing in a circular plot with a radius of 25 m. an lai-2000 estimate was taken after each step reduction. the ne ... | 1996 | 14871735 |
| hydraulic conductance, light interception and needle nutrient concentration in scots pine stands and their relations with net primary productivity. | aboveground xylem hydraulic conductance was determined in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees and stands from 7 to about 60 years of age. at the stand scale, leaf area index and net primary productivity (npp, above- plus belowground) increased and reached a plateau at about 25-30 and 15-20 years, respectively; both parameters declined in mature stands. stand hydraulic conductance followed a similar trend to npp, with a maximum at about 15-20 years and a pronounced reduction in old stands. at ... | 1996 | 14871714 |
| evidence that longer needle retention of spruce and pine populations at high elevations and high latitudes is largely a phenotypic response. | there is abundant evidence that evergreen conifers living at high elevations or at high latitudes have longer-lived needles than trees of the same species living elsewhere. this pattern is likely caused by the influence of low temperature in combination with related factors such as a short growing season and low nutrient availability. because it is not known to what degree such patterns result from phenotypic versus genotypic variation, we evaluated needle longevity for common-garden-grown lowla ... | 1996 | 14871702 |
| carbon and nitrogen allocation in ectomycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal pinus sylvestris l. seedlings. | we studied carbon and nitrogen allocation in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings grown in a semi-hydroponic system with nitrogen as the growth limiting factor. three ectomycorrhizal fungi were compared: one pioneer species (thelephora terrestris ehrh.: fr.) and two late-stage fungi (suillus bovinus (l.: fr.) o. kuntze, and scleroderma citrinum pers.). by giving all plants in each treatment the same amount of readily available nitrogen, we ensured that the e ... | 1996 | 14871686 |
| photosynthetic responses to needle water potentials in scots pine after a four-year exposure to elevated co(2) and temperature. | effects of needle water potential (psi(l)) on gas exchange of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) grown for 4 years in open-top chambers with elevated temperature (et), elevated co(2) (ec) or a combination of elevated temperature and co(2) (ec + et) were examined at a high photon flux density (ppfd), saturated leaf to air water vapor pressure deficit (vpd) and optimal temperature (t). we used the farquhar model of photosynthesis to estimate the separate effects of psi(l) and the treatments on maxim ... | 1996 | 14871683 |
| nutrient retranslocation in the foliage of pinus sylvestris l. growing along a heavy metal pollution gradient. | retranslocation of n, p, k, ca, mg, mn, fe, zn, cu and ni within the foliage of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) was studied during autumnal needle senescence along a heavy-metal pollution gradient in western finland. the stands were located at distances of 0.5 (har 0.5), 4 (har 4) and 8 km (har 8) to the southeast of a copper-nickel smelter at harjavalta. a background study stand was located at hämeenkangas (häm), 60 km northeast of the smelter. during needle senescence, the mobile nutrients n, ... | 1996 | 14871672 |
| relationship between temperature, respiratory loss of sugar and premature dehardening in dormant scots pine seedlings. | increased intracellular sugar concentration is an important contributor to the increased cold tolerance of conifers in winter. this study examines the extent to which wintertime respiratory loss of sugars leads to premature dehardening. two-year-old seedlings of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.), grown and cold-hardened in the field, were exposed to different temperature regimes for 16 weeks while dormant. to minimize short-term carry-over effects, after the temperature treatments, all seedlings ... | 1997 | 14759913 |
| responses of picea, pinus and pseudotsuga roots to heterogeneous nutrient distribution in soil. | the spatial distribution of plant-available mineral nutrients in forest soils is often highly heterogeneous. to test the hypothesis that local nutrient enrichment of soil leads to increased root proliferation in the nutrient-rich soil zone, we studied the effects of nutrient enrichment on the growth and nutrient concentrations of douglas-fir (pseudotsuga menziesii (mirb.) franco), scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) roots. three-year-old seedlings were gr ... | 1997 | 14759912 |
| control of longitudinal and cambial growth by gibberellins and indole-3-acetic acid in current-year shoots of pinus sylvestris. | we investigated the involvement of gibberellins (gas) and indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) in the control of longitudinal and cambial growth in current-year shoots of pinus sylvestris l. elongating terminal shoots, located at the apex of previous-year (1-year-old) branches in the uppermost whorl on the main stem, were variously decapitated (apical 5 to 10 mm removed), defoliated (all developing needle fascicles removed) and treated with endogenous ga(4/7) or iaa, or both. shoot length and the radial w ... | 1997 | 14759896 |
| distribution of elements along the length of scots pine needles in a heavily polluted and a control environment. | pollution often causes visible symptoms of foliar injury. the injury is sometimes associated with an increase in the accessibility of toxic elements to plants as a result of acidification of the soil. we investigated the distribution of elements (n, p, k, ca, mg, mn, s, fe, b, cu, zn, al, f, pb, cd, cr, ni and co) in healthy current-year needles of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) growing at an unpolluted control site and at a site polluted mainly by so(2), hf and al(3+) from a fertilizer factor ... | 1997 | 14759894 |
| effects of foliar potassium concentration on morphology, ultrastructure and polyamine concentrations of scots pine needles. | we examined the effects of three foliar potassium concentrations (high, intermediate and low) on the morphology, ultrastructure and polyamine concentrations of current-year and 1- and 2-year-old needles of 30-year-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees. foliar k concentration had only a slight effect on needle morphology. the sclerenchyma cell walls were thinner, the xylem area was larger, and the resin ducts were smaller in needles with a low k concentration than in needles with a high or i ... | 1997 | 14759892 |
| gas exchange of the lowest branches of young scots pine: a cost-benefit analysis of seasonal branch carbon budget. | a cost-benefit approach was developed to analyze the carbon budget of the lowest scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) branches subject to abscission. in addition to within-branch growth and respiratory costs, the budget included an estimation of a branch's share of the maintenance respiration of the stem and root. a branch was considered productive if the budget was positive. foliar gas exchange and woody-tissue respiration were non-destructively measured at monthly intervals during the growing seas ... | 1997 | 14759885 |
| biomechanical and hydraulic determinants of tree structure in scots pine: anatomical characteristics. | the development of anatomical, hydraulic and biomechanical properties in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) stems aged 7 to 59 years was followed. the hydraulic diameter and length of tracheids increased with age to a maximum at 15 and 35 years, respectively. number of tracheids per unit of sapwood area decreased with age to a minimum of 500-600 tracheids mm(-2). variations in specific hydraulic conductivity and young's modulus of stems were associated with variation in anatomical properties. over ... | 1997 | 14759880 |
| photosynthetic responses of scots pine to elevated co(2) and nitrogen supply: results of a branch-in-bag experiment. | naturally seeded scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees, age 25-30 years, were subjected to two soil-nitrogen-supply regimes and to elevated atmospheric co(2) concentrations by the branch-in-bag method from april 15 to september 15 for two or three years. gas exchange in detached shoots was measured in a diffuse radiation field. seven parameters associated with photosynthetic performance and two describing stomatal conductance were determined to assess the effects of treatments on photosynthetic ... | 1997 | 14759862 |
| effects of temperature and nutrient availability on plasma membrane lipid composition in scots pine roots during growth initiation. | we studied the effects of root zone temperature (rzt) and nutrient availability on free sterols and phospholipids in the plasma membrane (pm) and on pm-atpase activity in roots of 1-year-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings during growth initiation in the spring. seedlings were grown for 6 weeks in hydroponic cultures with low (0.5 mm n; ln) or high (3 mm n; hn) nutrient availability. the root zone was subjected to slow warming (sw) and fast warming (fw) treatments while maintaining si ... | 2004 | 14757583 |
| acclimation of photosynthetic capacity in scots pine to the annual cycle of temperature. | coniferous trees growing in the boreal and temperate zones have a clear annual cycle of photosynthetic activity. a recent study demonstrated that the seasonal variation in photosynthetic capacity of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) could be attributed mainly to the light response curve of photosynthesis. the magnitude of the light response curve varied over the season while its shape remained constant, indicating that the two physiological parameters quantifying the curve-the quantum yield per u ... | 2004 | 14757576 |
| mycelial production, spread and root colonisation by the ectomycorrhizal fungi hebeloma crustuliniforme and paxillus involutus under elevated atmospheric co2. | effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (co2) levels on the production and spread of ectomycorrhizal fungal mycelium from colonised scots pine roots were investigated. pinus sylvestris (l.) karst. seedlings inoculated with either hebeloma crustuliniforme (bull:fr.) quel. or paxillus involutus (fr.) fr. were grown at either ambient (350 ppm) or elevated (700 ppm) levels of co2. mycelial production was measured after 6 weeks in pots, and mycelial spread from inoculated seedlings was studied ... | 2005 | 14750001 |
| molecular analysis of the 5'-upstream region of a gibberellin-inducible cytosolic glutamine synthetase gene (gs1b) expressed in pine vascular tissue. | the promoter region of the cytosolic glutamine synthetase gs1b gene was isolated from the conifer pinus sylvestris l. (scots pine). the 1,171-bp stretch of sequence lying immediately upstream of the transcriptional start site was sufficient to drive the expression of a reporter gene in a manner consistent with the expression pattern of the native gs1b gene. computer analysis of putative cis elements in this promoter region revealed the presence of an at box, an ac motif similar to those found in ... | 2004 | 14735362 |
| antifungal activity of stilbenes in in vitro bioassays and in transgenic populus expressing a gene encoding pinosylvin synthase. | the effect of two stilbene compounds, pinosylvin and resveratrol, on the growth of several fungi was evaluated in plate tests. wood decay tests were carried out with birch and aspen samples impregnated with the two stilbenes. in plate experiments, resveratrol had an enhancing effect on growth at concentrations where pinosylvin was already enough to prevent the growth of most fungi studied. pinosylvin impregnated at 0.2% (w/w) concentration significantly reduced the decay caused by all fungi exce ... | 2004 | 14714142 |
| monitoring environmental pollution in erzurum by chemical analysis of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) needles. | pollution distribution maps of copper (cu), zinc (zn) and lead (pb) for erzurum province were developed on the basis of chemical analysis of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) needles collected from randomly selected sampling points during 2 years. the maps show deposition zones for the studied elements and could help in identification of sources and directions of air pollution dispersion. this study indicated that vegetation in erzurum was greatly endangered by sulphur dioxide (so(2)), whereas zn ... | 2004 | 14680886 |
| use of modeled photosynthesis and decomposition to describe tree growth at the northern tree line. | growth of subarctic scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees was investigated by a combination of process-based models and dendroecological approaches. tree ring width indices were strongly autocorrelated and correlated with simulated photosynthetic production of the previous year and with organic matter n mineralization of the current year. an autoregressive model, with photosynthesis and n mineralization as external inputs, explained growth of the trees well. however, relationships for the perio ... | 2004 | 14676035 |
| carbon-thirteen cross-polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance and fourier transform infrared studies of thermally modified wood exposed to brown and soft rot fungi. | thermally modified wood has many technically interesting properties, such as increased dimensional stability, low equilibrium moisture content, and enhanced biological and weather resistance. this paper describes solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) and fourier transform infrared (ft-ir) spectroscopic studies on the decay of heat-treated and untreated pine (pinus sylvestris) by brown (poria placenta) and soft rot fungi. both techniques combined with multivariate data analysis proved to b ... | 2003 | 14658617 |
| interactive effects of temperature and precipitation on soil respiration in a temperate maritime pine forest. | soil respiration (sr) was monitored periodically throughout 2001 in a scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) stand located in the belgian campine region. as expected for a temperate maritime forest, temperature was the dominant control over sr during most of the year. however, during late spring and summer, when soil water content (swc) was limiting, sr was insensitive to temperature (q(10) = 1.24). we observed that during prolonged rain-free periods, when swc was less than 15% (v/v), sr decreased dra ... | 2003 | 14652226 |
| component carbon fluxes and their contribution to ecosystem carbon exchange in a pine forest: an assessment based on eddy covariance measurements and an integrated model. | we used a combination of eddy flux, canopy, soil and environmental measurements with an integrated biophysical model to analyze the seasonality of component carbon (c) fluxes and their contribution to ecosystem c exchange in a 50-year-old scots pine forest (pinus sylvestris l.) in eastern finland (62 degrees 47' n, 30 degrees 58' e) over three climatically contrasting years (2000-2002). eddy flux measurements showed that the growing scots pine forest was a sink for co2, with annual net c uptakes ... | 2004 | 14652211 |
| diversity of fungi in organic soils under a moorland--scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) gradient. | the conservation and regeneration of native scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) woodlands is being actively encouraged by conservation agencies in the uk because of their high biodiversity value. in the present study, the consequences of regeneration on terrestrial fungal communities was determined in three parallel transects running from open moorland, through an intermediate zone showing seedling colonization, into a mature scots pine forest at abernethy forest, cairngorm, scotland. soil cores we ... | 2003 | 14641592 |
| albatrellus citrinus sp. nov., connected to picea abies on lime rich soils. | field observations indicated that a morphotype of albatrellus subrubescens seemed connected to picea abies and lime rich soils, while the original morphotype seemed connected with pinus sylvestris and indifferent to lime. we conducted a molecular study (its sequencing of 22 albatrellus specimens) to test the hypothesis that we in fact had discovered a new species. our results confirmed the hypothesis, i.e. the picea taxon (604 bp its) had little intraspecific variation in spite of 1600 km distan ... | 2003 | 14635772 |
| local variations in microfungal populations on pinus sylvestris needles. | we studied the fungal colonization of pinus sylvestris needles in two neighbouring sites, comparing stands of isolated and grouped trees. we observed large variations among the proportions of needles bearing fruit bodies of cyclaneusma minus, lophodermium pinastri, verticicladium trifidum and black lines characteristic of l. pinastri colonization. variations between sites and within trees were greater than that between stands or between trees. the frequency of l. pinastri colonization was negati ... | 2003 | 14635770 |
| detecting differences in crown transparency assessments between countries using the image analysis system croco. | estimates of crown transparency calculated using the semi-automatic image analysis system croco were compared with the visual estimates of survey teams from 12 european countries. for each of five european species (norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.), silver fir (abies alba mill.), scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.), beech (fagus sylvatica l.), oak (quercus robur l.)) 15 trees were assessed. in 64% of the comparisons, croco estimates and the survey teams' scores differed significantly, while d ... | 2003 | 14632089 |
| removal of cd(ii) and pb(ii) ions, from aqueous solutions, by adsorption onto sawdust of pinus sylvestris. | fixation of heavy metal ions (cd(ii) and pb(ii)) onto sawdust of pinus sylvestris is presented in this paper. batch experiments were conducted to study the main parameters such as adsorbent concentration, initial adsorbate concentration, contact time, kinetic, ph solution, and stirring velocity on the sorption of cd(ii) and pb(ii) by sawdust of p. sylvestris. kinetic aspects are studied in order to develop a model which can describe the process of adsorption on sawdust. the equilibrium of a solu ... | 2003 | 14623423 |
| isolation of a novel antimicrobial peptide gene (sp-amp) homologue from pinus sylvestris (scots pine) following infection with the root rot fungus heterobasidion annosum. | a new family of antimicrobial peptide homologues termed sp-amp has been discovered in pinus sylvestris (scots pine). this is the first report of such proteins to be characterized in a conifer species. sp-amp1 was identified in a substructured cdna library of root tissue infected with the root rot fungus heterobasidion annosum and encodes a mature peptide of 79 amino acid residues. three additional members of the sp-amp family (sp-amps 2-4) encode cysteine-rich proteins of 105 amino acids, each c ... | 2003 | 14612232 |
| development, persistence and regeneration of foraging ectomycorrhizal mycelial systems in soil microcosms. | development of extraradical mycelia of two strains each of paxillus involutus and suillus bovinus in ectomycorrhizal association with pinus sylvestris seedlings was studied in two dimensions in non-sterile soil microcosms. there were significant inter- and intra-specific differences in extraradical mycelial growth and morphology. the mycelial systems of both strains of p. involutus were diffuse and extended more rapidly than those of s. bovinus. depending on the strain, p. involutus mycelia were ... | 2004 | 14598131 |
| drought stress alters the concentration of wood terpenoids in scots pine and norway spruce seedlings. | drought is known to have an impact on the resistance of conifers to various pests, for example, by affecting resin flow in trees. little is known, however, about the quantitative and qualitative changes in resin when trees are growing in low moisture conditions. we exposed scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) seedlings to medium and severe drought stress for two growing seasons and analyzed the monoterpenes and resin acids in the main stem wood after two y ... | 2003 | 14584671 |
| the timing of bud burst and its effect on tree growth. | a phenology model for estimating the timings of bud burst--one of the most influential phenological phases for the simulation of tree growth--is presented in this study. the model calculates the timings of the leafing of beech (fagus sylvatica l.) and oak (quercus robur l.) and the may shoot of norway spruce (picea abies l.) and scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) on the basis of the daily maximum temperature. the data for parameterisation and validation of the model have been taken from 40 climate ... | 2004 | 14564495 |
| genetic variation of f1 hybrids from controlled crosses between pinus montana var. rostrata and pinus sylvestris in morphological needle traits. | one hundred and seventeen hybrids, representing ten families from controlled crosses between pinus montana var. rostrata and pinus sylvestris, were examined in respect to six morphological traits of two-year-old needles. the biometric data obtained from the measurements provided a basis for multivariate statistical analyses, including discriminant analysis and mahalanobis distances as principal methods. the analysed families formed two complexes, which were significantly different. the main trai ... | 2001 | 14564021 |
| wood properties of scots pines (pinus sylvestris) grown at elevated temperature and carbon dioxide concentration. | impacts of elevated temperature and carbon dioxide concentration ([co2]) on wood properties of 15-year-old scots pines (pinus sylvestris l.) grown under conditions of low nitrogen supply were investigated in open-top chambers. the treatments consisted of (i) ambient temperature and ambient [co2] (at+ac), (ii) ambient temperature and elevated [co2] (at+ec), (iii) elevated temperature and ambient [co2] (et+ac) and (iv) elevated temperature and elevated [co2] (et+ec). wood properties analyzed for t ... | 2003 | 14532012 |
| defoliation-induced responses in peroxidases, phenolics, and polyamines in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) needles. | effects of artificial defoliation on defensive needle chemistry in scots pine (pitus sylvestris l.) were evaluated with particular emphasis on peroxidases, phenolic compounds, soluble sugars, polyamines, and foliar nitrogen levels. the study was carried out on a nutrient-poor scots pine stand with 8- to 25-year-old trees. defoliation treatment consisted of repeated defoliation in two successive years with respective control trees. defoliation was done before needle flushing by removing all matur ... | 2003 | 12956514 |
| developmental lignification and seasonal variation in beta-glucosidase and peroxidase activities in xylem of scots pine, norway spruce and silver birch. | we examined the relationship between beta-glucosidase and peroxidase activities and xylem lignification in the stems of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.), norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) and silver birch (betula pendula roth) during the 1999 growing season. examination of stem cross sections stained with safranin and alcian blue for lignin and cellulose, respectively, indicated that radial growth of pine and spruce xylem began in late may, whereas the growth of birch xylem was initiated 2 ... | 2003 | 12952784 |
| abundance, diversity, and vitality of mycorrhizae of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) in lignite recultivation sites. | scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) stands cover large areas in the lusatian and the middle german lignite mining districts. due to adverse chemical substrate conditions, the root systems of the trees are restricted to the ameliorated top-spoil and the organic forest floor layers. to investigate functioning of fine root systems under the prevailing site factors, we studied mycorrhizal colonization rate and frequency as well as mycorrhizal diversity, vitality and growth phases in scots pine ecosyste ... | 2004 | 12942357 |
| variation in host resistance and pathogen selective value in the interaction between pinus sylvestris and the fungus crumenulopsis sororia. | there have been many studies of plant pathogen evolution in systems showing gene-for-gene control of host resistance. however little is known about situations, exemplified by scots pine, pinus sylvestris, and its fungal pathogen crumenulopsis sororia, where variation in host resistance is quantitative. in a field experiment genetically marked isolates of c. sororia from three natural populations were reciprocally inoculated on 1- and 2-year-old branch tissue of p. sylvestris in the three sites f ... | 2003 | 12939618 |
| diffusion barriers of tripartite sporopollenin microcapsules prepared from pine pollen. | tripartite sporopollenin microcapsules prepared from pine pollen (pinus sylvestris l. and pinus nigra arnold) were analysed with respect to the permeability of the different strata of the exine which surround the gametophyte and form the sacci. the sexine at the surface of the sacci is highly permeable for polymer molecules and latex particles with a diameter of up to 200 nm, whereas the nexine covering the gametophyte is impermeable for dextran molecules, with a stokes' radius > or =4 nm (dextr ... | 2003 | 12876191 |
| chemical analysis of volatiles emitted by pinus svlvestris after induction by insect oviposition. | gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses of the headspace volatiles of scots pine (pinus sylvestris) induced by egg deposition of the sawfly diprion pini were conducted. the odor blend of systemically oviposition-induced pine twigs. attractive for the eulophid egg parasitoid chrysonotomyia ruforum, was compared to volatiles released by damaged pine twigs (control) that are not attractive for the parasitoid. the mechanical damage inflicted to the control twigs mimicked the damage by a sawfly ... | 2003 | 12857033 |
| impact of emission from oil shale fueled power plants on the growth and foliar elemental concentrations of scots pine in estonia. | to study the impact of air pollution on the growth and elemental composition of conifers, 5 sample plots were established at different distances and directions from the estonian power plant (northeast estonia) in 1999-2000. the selected stands were 75-80(85)-yr-old parts (0.05 ha) of (oxalis)-myrtillus site type forest of 0.7-0.8 density. the soils of all sample plots were gleyic podzols (lkg) on sands. the several times higher ca concentration in the humus horizon of the sample plot ne from the ... | 2003 | 12841691 |
| comparing est-based genetic maps between pinus sylvestris and pinus taeda. | a genetic map of pinus sylvestris was constructed using estp (expressed sequence tag polymorphism) markers and other gene-based markers, aflp markers and microsatellites. part of the estp markers (40) were developed and mapped earlier in pinus taeda, and additional markers were generated based on p. sylvestris sequences or sequences from other pine species. the mapping in p. sylvestris was based on 94 f(1) progeny from a cross between plus-tree parents e635c and e1101. aflp framework maps for th ... | 2003 | 12827250 |
| effects of thinning treatment on an ectomycorrhizal succession under scots pine. | we describe a 16 yr dataset of ectomycorrhizal fruit bodies under scots pine (pinus sylvestris), starting from seedlings, and explore the effects of a 50% thinning treatment imposed in year 12. the over-riding pattern in the data was of successional development, with paxillus involutus and laccaria proxima in the earliest years, followed by suillus species, while in later years amanita and cortinarius species became prominent. the typical pattern was for each species in turn to increase to a max ... | 2003 | 12825501 |
| scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) growth and condition in a polluted environment: from decline to recovery. | the results of long-term investigations of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) growth and condition in the impact zone of one of the biggest air pollution sources in lithuania--mineral fertilizers plant "achema" are presented. the main attention is laid to the recovery of damaged stands since annual emissions to air were reduced essentially. the investigations indicated, that the recovery of tree increment was mostly caused by distinct reduction of emissions of nitrogen and sulphur oxides and dust ... | 2003 | 12810314 |
| nitrogen fertilizer factory effects on the amino acid and nitrogen content in the needles of scots pine. | the aim of the research was to evaluate the content of amino acids in the needles of pinus sylvestris growing in the area affected by a nitrogen fertilizer factory and to compare them with other parameters of needles, trees, and sites. three young-age stands of scots pine were selected at a distance of 0.5 km, 5 km, and 17 km from the factory. examination of the current-year needles in winter of the year 2000 revealed significant (p < 0.05) differences between the site at a 0.5-km distance from ... | 2001 | 12805750 |
| comment on "biosorption of chromium(vi) from aqueous solution by cone biomass of pinus sylvestris". | 2003 | 12798124 | |
| regulation of amino acid uptake by carbon and nitrogen in pinus sylvestris. | the simultaneous uptake of 13 different amino acids by scots pine ( pinus sylvestris l.) was characterized and its regulation investigated after pre-treatments with a range of c and n metabolites. the uptake system exhibited a broad substrate specificity, acquiring all tested amino acids at similar uptake rates. uptake of all tested amino acids by excised roots was linear over a time period of 150 min and exhibited ph-dependency, showing a peak at ph 4.0-5.0. uptake was increased following pre-t ... | 2003 | 12783339 |
| the production of transgenic scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) via the application of transformed pollen in controlled crossings. | the study demonstrates the production of a transgenic scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedling through the application of transformed pollen in controlled crossings. the pollen lots were transformed by particle bombardment, resulting in transient transformation frequencies varying from 15 to 49% of the germinated pollen grains, and bombarded pollen was used to pollinate megasporangiate strobili. progeny was screened by histochemical, gus assays, and selected seedlings were further analysed by p ... | 2003 | 12779126 |
| seasonal variation in respiration of 1-year-old shoots of scots pine exposed to elevated carbon dioxide and temperature for 4 years. | sixteen 20-year-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees growing in the field were enclosed for 4 years in environment-controlled chambers that maintained: (1) ambient conditions (con); (2) elevated atmospheric co2 concentration (ambient + 350 micro mol mol-1; ec); (3) elevated temperature (ambient +2-6 degrees c; et); or (4) elevated co2 and elevated temperature (ect). the dark respiration rates of 1-year-old shoots, from which needles had been partly removed, were measured over the growing s ... | 2003 | 12763759 |
| nutrient conservation increases with latitude of origin in european pinus sylvestris populations. | nutrient availability varies across climatic gradients, yet intraspecific adaptation across such gradients in plant traits related to internal cycling and nutrient resorption remains poorly understood. we examined nutrient resorption among six scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) populations of wide-ranging origin grown under common-garden conditions in poland. these results were compared with mass-based needle n and p for 195 scots pine stands throughout the species' european range. at the common s ... | 2003 | 12756524 |
| nir spectroscopic measurement of moisture content in scots pine seeds. | when tree seeds are used for seedling production it is important that they are of high quality in order to be viable. one of the factors influencing viability is moisture content and an ideal quality control system should be able to measure this factor quickly for each seed. seed moisture content within the range 3-34% was determined by near-infrared (nir) spectroscopy on scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) single seeds and on bulk seed samples consisting of 40-50 seeds. the models for predicting w ... | 2003 | 12741646 |
| light and water-use efficiencies of pine shoots exposed to elevated carbon dioxide and temperature. | an automatic gas exchange system was used to continuously measure water and carbon fluxes of attached shoots of scots pine trees (pinus sylvestris l.) grown in environment-controlled chambers for a 3-year period (1998-2000) and exposed to either normal ambient conditions (con), elevated co2 (+350 micro mol mol-1; ec), elevated temperature (+2-6 degrees c; et) or a combination of ec and et (ect). ec treatment enhanced the mean daily total carbon flux per unit projected needle area (fc.d) by 17-21 ... | 2003 | 12740213 |
| above- and belowground biomass and net primary production in a 73-year-old scots pine forest. | we estimated above- and belowground biomass and net primary production (npp) of a 73-year-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) forest stand in the belgian campine region. total biomass for the stand was 176 mg ha(-1), of which 74.4% was found in stems. the root system contained 12.6% of total biomass, most of it in coarse roots (> 5 mm). fine roots (< 5 mm) comprised only about 1.7% of total biomass, and more than 50% of fine root biomass was retrieved in the litter layer and the upper 15 cm of ... | 2003 | 12730042 |
| does tree diversity increase wood production in pine forests? | recent experimental advances on the positive effect of species richness on ecosystem productivity highlight the need to explore this relationship in communities other than grasslands and using non-synthetic experiments. we investigated whether wood production in forests dominated by aleppo pine (pinus halepensis) and pyrenean scots pine (pinus sylvestris) differed between monospecific and mixed forests (2-5 species) using the ecological and forest inventory of catalonia (iefc) database which con ... | 2003 | 12698352 |
| nucleotide diversity at two phytochrome loci along a latitudinal cline in pinus sylvestris. | forest tree species provide many examples of well-studied adaptive differentiation, where the search for the underlying genes might be possible. in earlier studies and in our common conditions in a greenhouse, northern populations set bud earlier than southern ones. a difference in latitude of origin of one degree corresponded to a change of 1.4 days in number of days to terminal bud set of seedlings. earlier physiological and ecological genetics work in conifers and other plants have suggested ... | 2003 | 12694283 |
| effects of environmental biomass-producing factors on cd uptake in two swedish ecotypes of pinus sylvestris. | a factorial design was used to study direct effects of external biomass-producing factors such as light, temperature and photoperiod on cadmium (cd) uptake and indirect effects, via change in biomass production in two ecotypes of scots pine (pinus silvestris). the aim was to find out if the external factors affect the cd uptake directly or via change in biomass production, and if the effect differs between ecotypes. seedlings were grown under 10 combinations of external factors, i.e. temperature ... | 2003 | 12685768 |
| 137cs distribution among annual rings of different tree species contaminated after the chernobyl accident. | the distributions of 137cs among annual rings of pinus sylvestris and betula pendula at four experimental sites located in the most contaminated areas in the russian territory after the chernobyl accident in 1986 were studied. trees of different ages were sampled from four forest sites with different tree compositions and soil properties. the data analysis shows that 137cs is very mobile in wood and the 1986 rings do not show the highest contamination. the difference between pine and birch in th ... | 2003 | 12683726 |
| [activity of nucleoli in cells of different type in early embryogenesis of pinus sylvestris l]. | early embryogeny of pinus silvestris l. is characterized by suspensory system formation consisting of several cell generation formed by apical cell fissions. a comparative analysis was made of quantitative characteristics of nucleoli of two functionally different cell types: the apical cells of meristematic nature, and specialized cells resulting from mitotic cycle of suspensory cells. we determined the number of nucleoli and their diameters, the character of distribution and variability of thes ... | 2002 | 12683331 |
| uptake and transfer of nutrients in ectomycorrhizal associations: interactions between photosynthesis and phosphate nutrition. | energy-dispersive x-ray microanalytical investigations and microautoradiographic studies were carried out to examine whether the uptake and transfer of phosphate (p) by an ectomycorrhizal fungus is affected by the carbohydrate supply of its host plant. for this purpose, non-mycorrhizal seedlings of pinus sylvestris l. and plants inoculated with the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete suillus bovinus (l. ex fr.) kuntze were placed in the dark for 7 days in advance of a p supply. the subcellular element ... | 2003 | 12682827 |
| nearly complete genetic maps of pinus sylvestris l. (scots pine) constructed by aflp marker analysis in a full-sib family. | we have constructed nearly complete linkage maps of pinus sylvestris (l.) using aflp markers based on a two-way pseudo-testcross strategy in a full-sib family founded in an advanced breeding program. with 39 primer combinations, a total of 737 markers (320 from the mother and 417 from the father) segregated in a 1:1 ratio, corresponding to dna polymorphism: heterozygous in one parent and null in the other. in the maternal parent, 188 framework markers were mapped in 12 linkage groups, equivalent ... | 2003 | 12671756 |
| acidification-induced chemical changes in coniferous forest soils in southern sweden 1988-1999. | thirty-two norway spruce [picea abies (l.) karst.] and scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) stands in southern sweden were studied for a period of 12 years to evaluate acidification-induced chemical changes in the soil. soil, at 20-30 cm depth in the mineral layer, was sampled three times during this period (1988, 1993 and 1999). the results show that ph(bacl2) in mineral soil decreased by, on average, 0.17 units between 1988 and 1999, accompanied by an increase in aluminium (al) concentration and a ... | 2003 | 12663207 |
| nutrient uptake by intact mycorrhizal pinus sylvestris seedlings: a diagnostic tool to detect copper toxicity. | we developed a nondestructive method for detecting early toxic effects of inflethal copper (cu) concentrations on ectomycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal (nm) scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings. the fungal symbionts examined were paxillus involutus (fr.) fr., suillus luteus (fr.) s.f. gray and thelephora terrestris (ehrh.) fr. the accumulation of cu in needles and fungal development (ergosterol) in roots and infstrate were assessed. inorganic phosphate (p(i)) and ammonium (nh(4) (+)) uptake ... | 1999 | 12651582 |
| effects of elevated atmospheric co(2) on phenology, growth and crown structure of scots pine (pinus sylvestris) seedlings after two years of exposure in the field. | three-year-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings were grown for two years in the ground in open-top chambers supplied with either an ambient or elevated (ambient + 400 &mgr;mol mol(-1)) co(2) concentration. phenological observations and measurements of height and stem diameter growth, absolute and relative growth rates, starch and soluble carbohydrate concentrations of the needles, and crown structure and needle properties were made at frequent intervals throughout the two growing seaso ... | 1999 | 12651572 |
| genetic and environmental control of seasonal carbohydrate dynamics in trees of diverse pinus sylvestris populations. | we explored environmental and genetic factors affecting seasonal dynamics of starch and soluble nonstructural carbohydrates in needle and twig cohorts and roots of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees of six populations originating between 49 degrees and 60 degrees n, and grown under common garden conditions in western poland. trees of each population were sampled once or twice per month over a 3-year period from age 15 to 17 years. based on similarity in starch concentration patterns in needl ... | 2000 | 12651505 |
| photosynthetic utilization efficiency of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation by scots pine and birch forest stands in the southern taiga. | absorption and utilization of photosynthetically active radiation (par) were investigated in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and birch (betula pendula roth.) stands that were 41 years old at the end of the experimental period. canopy depth of the scots pine stand was about half that of the birch stand (6.5 versus 11.0 m), but absorption of par was similar in the two stands. the scots pine forest canopy, with a leaf area index of 8.9, absorbed 90% of the incoming par (apar), whereas the birch fo ... | 2000 | 12651489 |
| effects of season, needle age and elevated atmospheric co(2) on photosynthesis in scots pine (pinus sylvestris). | five-year-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings were grown in open-top chambers at ambient and elevated (ambient + 400 &mgr;mol mol(-1)) co(2) concentrations. net photosynthesis (a), specific leaf area (sla) and concentrations of nitrogen (n), carbon (c), soluble sugars, starch and chlorophyll were measured in current-year and 1-year-old needles during the second year of co(2) enrichment. the elevated co(2) treatment stimulated photosynthetic rates when measured at the growth co(2) conc ... | 2000 | 12651467 |
| volume growth and survival graphs: a method for evaluating process-based forest growth models. | we investigated the relationships within forest stands between tree size and (a) stem volume growth rate and (b) risk of mortality for individual trees. values of both x and y variables were plotted relative to the largest value in the stand. we refer to the resultant presentations as relative volume growth and relative survival graphs (vgss). a pair of vgss can be produced readily from an individual-tree growth model. it can also be constructed from consecutive sets of field measurements. compa ... | 2000 | 12651451 |
| changes in cellular structures and enzymatic activities during browning of scots pine callus derived from mature buds. | visible browning is a typical feature of callus cultures derived from shoot tips of mature scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.). because the ability of callus to regenerate is low, we determined the effect of browning on growth and changes in cellular structure during culture. striking alterations in cellular structure were detected by lm (light microscopy), em (electron microscopy) and sem (scanning electron microscopy). accumulation of phenolic substances was shown by histochemical staining. stain ... | 2000 | 12651442 |
| needle and stem wood production in scots pine (pinus sylvestris) trees of different age, size and competitive status. | we studied effects of tree age, size and competitive status on foliage and stem production of 43 scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees in southern finland. the tree attributes related to competition included foliage density, crown ratio and height/diameter ratio. needle mass was considered to be the primary cause of growth through photosynthesis. both stem growth and foliage growth were strongly correlated with foliage mass. consequently, differences in growth allocation between needles and ste ... | 2000 | 12651433 |
| nitrogen-related root variables of trees along an n-deposition gradient in europe. | we measured fine root n concentration, root in vivo nitrate reductase activity (nra) and root uptake capacity for (15)nh(4) (+) and (15)no(3) (-) along an n-deposition gradient from northern sweden to central europe, encompassing a variation in n deposition rates of < 5 to about 40 kg n ha(-1) year(-1). the focus was on picea abies (l.) karst., but fagus sylvatica l. in central europe and pinus sylvestris l. and betula spp. in northern sweden were also studied. we assumed that, with an increased ... | 1998 | 12651404 |
| the response of pinus sylvestris to drought: stomatal control of transpiration and hydraulic conductance. | we investigated the impact of drought on the physiology of 41-year-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) in central scotland. measurements were made of the seasonal course of transpiration, canopy stomatal conductance, needle water potential, xylem water content, soil-to-needle hydraulic resistance, and growth. comparison was made between drought-treated plots and those receiving average precipitation. in response to drought, transpiration rate declined once volumetric water content (vwc) over th ... | 1998 | 12651364 |
| seasonal variations in leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll, and water content; scaling-up to estimate fapar and carbon balance in a multilayer, multispecies temperate forest. | seasonal differences in phenology between coniferous and deciduous tree species need to be considered when developing models to estimate co(2) exchange in temperate forest ecosystems. because seasonal variations in co(2) flux in temperate forests are closely correlated with plant phenology, we quantified the phenology of forest species in a multilayered forest with patches of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and oak (quercus robur l.) in brasschaat, belgium. a scaling-up modeling approach was de ... | 1999 | 12651323 |
| responses of scots pine (pinus sylvestris) seedlings grown in different nutrient regimes to changing root zone temperature in spring. | we examined effects of nutrient availability and changing root zone temperature (rzt) on growth, gas exchange and plasma membrane h(+)-atpase (pm-atpase) activity of roots of 1-year-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings during spring flushing. the 6-week growth-chamber experiment was carried out in hydroponic cultures that supplied the seedlings with low (0.5 mm n) or high (3 mm n) nutrient concentration and two rates of increase in rzt were simulated: slow warming (sw-treatment) and fa ... | 1999 | 12651307 |
| survival and development of lymantria monacha (lepidoptera: lymantriidae) on north american and introduced eurasian tree species. | lymantria monacha (l.) (lepidoptera: lymantriidae), the nun moth, is a eurasian pest of conifers that has potential for accidental introduction into north america. to project the potential host range of this insect if introduced into north america, survival and development of l. monacha on 26 north american and eight introduced eurasian tree species were examined. seven conifer species (abies concolor, picea abies, p. glauca, p. pungens, pinus sylvestris with male cones, p. menziesii variety gla ... | 2003 | 12650343 |
| timing of ga4/7 application and the flowering of pinus sylvestris grafts in the greenhouse. | effects of varying the time of stem injection of gibberellin a4/7 (ga4/7) on male and female flowering in potted grafts of pinus sylvestris l. in a greenhouse were monitored in two consecutive years. flowering results for each application time were correlated with phenological characteristics and abiotic factors in an attempt to find reproducible indicators of the most effective time of ga4/7 treatment. the ga4/7 treatment had a significant effect on female flowering, but no effect on male flowe ... | 2003 | 12642243 |
| in vitro evidence of mycoparasitism of the ectomycorrhizal fungus laccaria laccata against mucor hiemalis in the rhizosphere of pinus sylvestris. | interactions between the ectomycorrhizal fungus laccaria laccata and the soil fungus mucor hiemalis f. hiemalis in co-culture, and in the rhizosphere of in vitro-grown pinus sylvestris seedlings were investigated by light- and scanning electron-microscopy. in co-culture, mycelial growth away from the l. laccata colony reduced the number of aerial hyphae at the contact zone and increased the density and compactness of the mycelium-characterized gross morphology of the saprobic fungus. although th ... | 2003 | 12634918 |
| the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis between lactarius deliciosus and pinus sylvestris in forest soil samples: symbiotic efficiency and development on roots of a rdna internal transcribed spacer-selected isolate of l. deliciosus. | the effect on plant growth of pre-inoculation of pinus sylvestris with the ectomycorrhizal (ecm) edible basidiomycete lactarius deliciosus (isolate d45) under controlled conditions, and the development on roots of this basidiomycete, were investigated in gamma-irradiated and unsterilized containers containing different forest soil cores or a perlite-vermiculite mixture. five months after planting, l. deliciosus mycorrhizal plants exhibited greater growth than the non-mycorrhizal ones in all soil ... | 2003 | 12634915 |
| bioindication of the anthropogenic effects on micropopulations of pinus sylvestris, l. in the vicinity of a plant for the storage and processing of radioactive waste and in the chernobyl npp zone. | results of a comparative analysis of the frequency and spectrum of cytogenetic anomalies are presented for reproductive (seeds) and vegetative (needles) samples taken from scotch pine (pinus sylvestris, l.) micropopulations growing at sites with differing levels of radioactive contamination in the chernobyl npp 30 km zone, and at the location of a facility for the processing and storage of radioactive wastes (the 'radon' lwpe, near the town of sosnovy bor in the leningrad region). the data obtai ... | 2003 | 12590076 |
| growth and nutrient uptake of ectomycorrhizal pinus sylvestris seedlings in a natural substrate treated with elevated al concentrations. | models of the effects of elevated concentrations of aluminum (al) on growth and nutrient uptake of forest trees frequently ignore the effects of mycorrhizal fungi. in this study, we present novel data indicating that ectomycorrhizal mycelia may prevent leaching of base cations and al. mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal pinus sylvestris l. seedlings were grown in sand obtained from the b-horizon of a local forest. in experiment 1, non-mycorrhizal seedlings and seedlings inoculated with hebeloma cf. ... | 2003 | 12566266 |
| relations between scots pine needle element concentrations and decreased needle longevity along pollution gradients. | scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) shoots were sampled along transects near one urban pollution source and two smelters. needle mg, p and k concentrations decreased from the second to the fourth age class linearly with needle survival along the urban pollution gradient. still, over 80% of the average concentration of these nutrients remained in the fourth needle age class. decreased needle longevity was closely related to the increased heavy metal concentrations near the smelters. near the urban p ... | 2003 | 12535600 |
| contrasting effects of elevated carbon dioxide concentration and temperature on rubisco activity, chlorophyll fluorescence, needle ultrastructure and secondary metabolites in conifer seedlings. | scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) seedlings were grown for 50 days in growth chambers in an ambient or twice ambient carbon dioxide concentration ([co2]) at a day/night temperature of 19/12 degrees c or 23/16 degrees c. although elevated [co2] (ec) had only slight effects on the growth parameters measured, elevated temperature (et) increased above ground dry mass of both species. among treatments, biomass accumulation of both species was greatest in the ... | 2003 | 12533304 |
| biochemical acclimation patterns of betula pendula and pinus sylvestris seedlings to elevated carbon dioxide concentrations. | acclimation of photosynthesis to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([co2]; 350 to 2,000 micromol mol-1) was followed in silver birch (betula pendula roth.) and scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings for two years. chlorophyll fluorescence and concentrations of rubisco, chlorophyll, total soluble protein and nitrogen were monitored together with steady-state gas exchange at three co2 concentrations (ambient [co2] (345 +/- 20 micromol mol-1), the growth [co2] and 1950 +/- 55 ... | 2003 | 12533303 |
| effects of exogenous gibberellin and auxin on shoot elongation and vegetative bud development in seedlings of pinus sylvestris and picea glauca. | the hormonal control of stem unit (foliar appendage and axillary structure, if present, plus subtending internode) number and length was investigated in shoots of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and white spruce (picea glauca (moench) voss). seedlings were treated with six gibberellins (ga1, ga3, ga4, ga5, ga9 and ga20) and two auxins (indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) and naphthaleneacetic acid (naa)) when either neoformed growth was occurring or the terminal vegetative bud was developing. hormones w ... | 2003 | 12533302 |
| total vs. internal element concentrations in scots pine needles along a sulphur and metal pollution gradient. | analysis of foliar elements is a commonly used method for studying tree nutrition and for monitoring the impacts of air pollutants on forest ecosystems. interpretations based on the results of foliar element analysis may, however, be different in nutrition vs. monitoring studies. we studied the impacts of severe sulphur and metal (mainly cu and ni) pollution on the element concentrations (al, ca, cu, fe, k, mg, mn, ni, p, pb, s and zn) in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) foliage along an airborn ... | 2003 | 12531316 |
| [restoration of pine plantations after effect of ionizing radiation in the region of the accident at the chernobyl atomic energy station]. | the main results of the 12-year radiation-genetic monitoring of radiobiological, cytogenetic, and genetic parameters in the pinus sylvestris l. forest plantations from the zone of the accident at the chernobyl nuclear power plant presented. acute ionizing irradiation at doses > 1 gy was shown to induce the formation of morphoses and depressed growth; at doses > 2 gy, the reproductive ability of the trees declined. the radiobiological parameters showed a linear (or close to linear) dose-effect re ... | 2002 | 12530162 |
| low nitrogen losses with a new source of nitrogen for cultivation of conifer seedlings. | losses of nitrogen (n) when cultivating plants may cause a number of adverse environmental effects. n losses from conifer nurseries, for instance, may have a considerable impact on the local environment, and studies indicate that the bulk of added n is not recovered in the cultivated plants. this study was conducted to obtain insight into the causes of the low recovery and to test an alternative n fertilizer. hence, growth of the economically important scots pine (pinus sylvestris (l).) seedling ... | 2002 | 12487309 |
| two endophytic fungi in different tissues of scots pine buds (pinus sylvestris l.). | two fungal species were isolated with different frequencies from pine tissue cultures originating from buds. one species was detected in 33.1% of the cultures initiated in march, and another was present in 1.7% of cultures initiated in june. based on analyses of phylogenetic and physiological characteristics these fungi were identified as hormonema dematioides (isolated in march) and rhodotorula minuta (isolated in june). probes targeted towards the 18s rrna of h. dematioides and r. minuta were ... | 2003 | 12481234 |
| leaching of nitrogen and phosphorus during production of forest seedlings in containers. | little information is available concerning the contamination risk caused by forest seedling nurseries to local surface and ground waters compared with agricultural and horticultural production. leaching of nitrogen (n) and phosphorus (p) through peat growing medium in containers and nutrient uptake of seedlings were monitored in production of silver birch (betula pendula roth), norway spruce [picea abies (l.) karst], and scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings. about half of the applied nutri ... | 2002 | 12469836 |
| impact of needle age on the response of respiration in scots pine to long-term elevation of carbon dioxide concentration and temperature. | sixteen 20-year-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees growing in the field were enclosed in environment-controlled chambers that for 4 years maintained: (1) ambient conditions (con); (2) elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration [co2] (ambient + 350 micromol mol-1; ec); (3) elevated temperature (ambient + 2-3 degrees c; et); or (4) elevated [co2] and temperature (ec+et). dark respiration rate, specific leaf area (sla) and the concentrations of starch and soluble sugars in needles we ... | 2002 | 12464577 |
| ectomycorrhizal fungi and exogenous auxins influence root and mycorrhiza formation of scots pine hypocotyl cuttings in vitro. | we studied the ability of the ectomycorrhizal (ecm) fungi, pisolithus tinctorius (pers.) coker and couch and paxillus involutus (batsch) fr. (strain h), to produce indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) and to affect the formation and growth of roots on scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) hypocotyl cuttings in vitro. effects of indole-3-butyric acid (iba) and the auxin transport inhibitor, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (tiba), on rooting and the cutting-fungus interaction were also studied. both fungi produced iaa ... | 2002 | 12464576 |
| shift in ectomycorrhizal community composition in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedling roots as a response to nickel deposition and removal of lichen cover. | scots pine seedlings were exposed to wet-deposited nickel (ni) and removal of lichen cover in a dry heath scots pine forest. ni deposition affected the colonization of roots by indigenous ectomycorrhizal fungi in contrasting ways in intact and skimmed quadrats. highest frequencies of tubercle morphotypes of ectomycorrhiza were found in quadrats exposed to 100 mg m(-2) year(-1) ni in lichen covered treatment, while in skimmed quadrats these peaked after the treatment with 10 mg ni m(-2) year(-1). ... | 2002 | 12442803 |
| pisolithus tinctorius promotes germination and forms mycorrhizal structures in scots pine somatic embryos in vitro. | the results of the present study show that inoculation with the ectomycorrhizal fungus pisolithus tinctorius (pers.) coker and couch potentially enhances the germination of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) somatic embryos in vitro. stimulation by pisolithus tinctorius was only observed in the absence of direct contact between the symbionts; mature embryos were not sufficiently robust for balanced interaction with the fungus on half-strength dcr medium. subsequently, on mmn medium with a reduced ... | 2002 | 12375138 |
| secondary metabolite concentrations and terpene emissions of scots pine xylem after long-term forest fertilization. | secondary compounds are known to be associated with the resistance of conifer xylem against insects and fungi. the effects of long-term forest fertilization with nitrogen (n) or with n, calcium (ca), and phosphorus (p) on secondary compounds in the xylem of 50-yr-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees were examined. xylem samples were collected from trees growing in three locations in southern finland: vilppula, padasjoki, and punkaharju. forests were fertilized every fifth (vilppula and pad ... | 2002 | 12371188 |
| differences in delta13c and diameter growth among remnant scots pine populations in scotland. | published data suggest that differences in wood cellulose carbon isotope composition (delta13c) and xylem ring width among natural populations of scots pine in scotland (pinus sylvestris l.) are attributable to the persistence of palaeotypes of various post-glacial migratory origins. we assessed differences in wood cellulose delta13c and ring width among scottish scots pine populations grown in a clone bank and in natural stands at various locations in northern and central scotland. ring width a ... | 2002 | 12359525 |
| diameter growth of scots pine (pinus sylvestris) trees grown at elevated temperature and carbon dioxide concentration under boreal conditions. | we investigated the impacts of elevated temperature and carbon dioxide concentration ([co2]) on diameter growth of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.), aged about 20 years, grown with a low nitrogen supply in closed chambers at (i) ambient temperature and [co2] (at+ac), (ii) ambient temperature and elevated [co2] (at+ec), (iii) elevated temperature and ambient [co2] (et+ac), and (iv). elevated temperature and [co2] (et+ec). each treatment was replicated four times. diameter growth was monitored wit ... | 2002 | 12359523 |