Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| endemic cattle diseases: comparative epidemiology and governance. | cattle are infected by a community of endemic pathogens with different epidemiological properties that invoke different managerial and governmental responses. we present characteristics of pathogens that influence their ability to persist in the uk, and describe a qualitative framework of factors that influence the political response to a livestock disease. we develop simple transmission models for three pathogens (bovine viral diarrhoea virus, bovine herpesvirus and mycobacterium avium spp. par ... | 2011 | 21624918 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis-incidences in milk and milk products, their isolation, enumeration, characterization, and role in human health. | mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (map), excreted in the feces and milk, is reported to be not easily inactivated by pasteurization and thermal treatments as other bacteria infecting humans and animals do. the d values of all map strains tested were considerably higher than those published for other pathogens. culturing techniques for this organism are labor intensive. although an increasing amount of scientific evidence suggests that this organism can be responsible for at least some c ... | 2011 | 21620785 |
| mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in bioaerosols after depopulation and cleaning of two cattle barns. | settled dust samples were collected on a commercial dairy farm in the netherlands with a high prevalence of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) (barn a) and on a dutch experimental cattle farm (barn b) stocked with cattle confirmed to be map shedders. barns were sampled while animals were present, after both barns were destocked and cleaned by cold high-pressure cleaning, and after being kept empty for two weeks (barn a) or after additional disinfection (barn b). map dna was de ... | 2011 | 21610001 |
| case-control study: productivity and longevity of dairy cows that tested positive for infection with mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis as heifers compared to age-matched controls. | a case-control study was performed to determine if dairy heifers testing positive for mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) before 2 yr of age by either fecal culture or serum elisa had decreased productivity and longevity as cows compared with age-matched herdmates. cases were individually matched with 4 controls. survival analysis was conducted to determine differences in longevity between cases and controls. conditional logistic regression was used to assess differences in mean 3.5% ... | 2011 | 21605752 |
| bovine ifngr2, il12rb1, il12rb2, and il23r polymorphisms and map infection status. | mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) infection causes a chronic granulomatous inflammatory condition of the bovine gut that is characterized by diarrhea, progressive weight loss, and emaciation, and ultimately leads to loss in productivity and profitability of dairy operations. the host cytokine machinery is known to play an important role in protecting against map infection. therefore, the goal of the present study was to assess whether polymorphisms in candidate genes encoding impor ... | 2011 | 21597988 |
| evaluation of two mutants of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis as candidates for a live attenuated vaccine for johne's disease. | control of johne's disease, caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, has been difficult because of a lack of an effective vaccine. to address this problem we used targeted gene disruption to develop candidate mutants with impaired capacity to survive ex vivo and in vivo to test as a vaccine. we selected rela and pkng, genes known to be important virulence factors in mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium bovis, for initial studies. deletion mutants were made in a wild type ma ... | 2011 | 21565243 |
| divergent cytokine responses of macrophages to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains of types ii and iii in a standardized in vitro model. | based on epidemiological and clinical observations, different strains of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) are suspected to significantly differ in their virulence for ruminants. in the pathogenesis of paratuberculosis, macrophages represent the principal target cell for map. in order to judge the ability of different map-genotypes to modulate macrophage responses, the cytokine responses of the monocyte cell line thp-1 were studied after challenge with three different map strains ... | 2011 | 21555192 |
| within-herd contact structure and transmission of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in a persistently infected dairy cattle herd. | within-herd transmission of pathogens occurs either by direct or by indirect contact between susceptible and infected animals. in dairy herds that are structured into groups, the way in which animals encounter each other and share an environment can affect pathogen transmission. dairy cattle are heterogeneous in terms of susceptibility and infectivity with respect to mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) transmission. it is mainly young animals that are susceptible and adults tha ... | 2011 | 21549436 |
| apparent prevalence of beef carcasses contaminated with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis sampled from danish slaughter cattle. | presence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in beef has been reported as a public health concern because asymptomatically infected cattle may contain map in tissues that are used for human consumption. associations between map carcasses contamination and animal characteristics such as age, breed, production type, and carcass classification were assessed. cheek muscles from 501 carcasses were sampled cross-sectionally at a danish abattoir and tested for presence of viable map an ... | 2011 | 21547261 |
| induction of b cell responses upon experimental infection of neonatal calves with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | the objective of this study was to determine if experimental infection of neonatal calves with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) would invoke changes in the percentages of total b cells in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell population and in subpopulations of b cells as determined by cd5, cd25, and cd45ro markers during a 12-month period. methods of experimental infection included: control (noninfected); oral (map strain k-10); oral/dxm (pretreatment with dexamethasone before ... | 2011 | 21543587 |
| association of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis with multiple sclerosis in sardinian patients. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infection is highly spread in the ruminant herds of sardinia, in the western mediterranean. the objective of this study was to investigate prevalence of map infection in association with multiple sclerosis (ms) using clinical specimen from patients and controls. we analyzed samples for the presence of map specific dna and to demonstrate humoral response to a map protein (map2694), a predicted homologue of the t-cell receptor gamma-chain/complemen ... | 2011 | 21533236 |
| the commensal microbiota and enteropathogens in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. | intestinal inflammation arises from abnormal host-microbe interactions. the perturbations of homeostatic coexistence involve host genetic factors, barrier function, innate and adaptive immunity, as well as qualitative and quantitative changes in the composition of the microbiota. dysbiosis toward selected micro-organisms and decreased complexity of commensal bacteria have been observed in patients with crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, but it is not clear whether the dysbiosis contributes ... | 2011 | 21530738 |
| occurrence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in raw water and water treatment operations for the production of potable water. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) causes johne's disease of cattle and is implicated as a cause of crohn's disease in humans. the organism is excreted in animal faeces and can contaminate water catchment areas. this coupled with map's survival in the environment means that water destined for domestic use may be a source of exposure. this work was designed to determine the occurrence of map in lough neagh (the largest freshwater lake in the british isles), used as a reservoir, and ... | 2011 | 21529886 |
| bayesian analysis of longitudinal johne's disease diagnostic data without a gold standard test. | a bayesian methodology was developed based on a latent change-point model to evaluate the performance of milk elisa and fecal culture tests for longitudinal johne's disease diagnostic data. the situation of no perfect reference test was considered; that is, no "gold standard." a change-point process with a weibull survival hazard function was used to model the progression of the hidden disease status. the model adjusted for the fixed effects of covariate variables and random effects of subject o ... | 2011 | 21524521 |
| a meta-analysis of the effect of dose and age at exposure on shedding of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) in experimentally infected calves and cows. | summarya meta-analysis was performed using all published and one unpublished long-term infection-challenge experiments to quantify the age- and dose-dependence of early and late shedding of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in cattle. there were 194 animals from 17 studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria, of which 173 received a known dose of map and 21 were exposed naturally. results from parametric time-to-event models indicated that challenging older calves or using mult ... | 2011 | 21524342 |
| validation and standardization of is900 and f57 real-time quantitative pcr assays for the specific detection and quantification of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of johne's disease and may contribute to the onset and development of crohn's disease in humans. rapid detection of map is fundamental because of its reported isolation from pasteurized milk and its potential for transmission through environmental sources. in this study, we developed two independent real-time quantitative pcr assays targeting the is900 genetic insertion sequence and the f57 sequence, which proved capable of ... | 2011 | 21510779 |
| comparative evaluation of pcr in ziehl-neelsen stained smears and pcr in tissues for diagnosis of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | thirty six tissues from sheep, previously diagnosed with paratuberculosis, were tested by pcr in positive ziehl-neelsen staining smears of tissues, and pcr in tissues targeting is900 specific for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. dna amplification was achieved in 33.3% ziehl-neelsen smears, and in 61.1% tissue samples. combination of both techniques found 66.7% samples as positive. combination of techniques would, therefore, increase the sensitivity of diagnosis. | 2010 | 21506505 |
| fecal detection of mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis using the is900 dna sequence in crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients and healthy subjects. | background and aim: despite the increasing evidence of map/dna isolation in crohn's disease (cd), its potential pathogenetic role remains unclear. to further clarify the possible relationship between map and cd, we investigated the presence of is900 dna fragment in feces from crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (uc) patients and from healthy controls (hc). methods: stool samples were collected from 31 cd, 20 uc, and 23 hc and stored at -20°c in 200-mg aliquots. dna was extracted. map presence ... | 2011 | 21484317 |
| review of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis antigen candidates with diagnostic potential. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is a slow growing bacterium that can infect ruminants and remain latent for years without development of any clinical signs or disease. diagnosis is often based on detection of map antibodies in milk or serum samples or culture of bacteria from faeces; however, these diagnostic tools are often not applicable until years after infection. detection of map specific cell-mediated immune (cmi) responses can serve as an alternative and be implemented i ... | 2011 | 21481549 |
| biomarker discovery for ovine paratuberculosis (johne's disease) by proteomic serum profiling. | paratuberculosis (johne's disease) is a chronic granulomatous enteritis affecting ruminants and other species. it is caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). in this study, surface enhanced laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (seldi tof-ms) was used as a platform to identify candidate biomarkers from sheep serum. multivariate biomarker models which aimed to differentiate sheep with paratuberculosis and vaccinated-exposed sheep from unexposed animals w ... | 2011 | 21481470 |
| experimental infection of a bovine model with human isolates of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), the etiologic agent of johne's disease (jd) in ruminants, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of crohn's disease (cd) in humans. we developed a bovine ileal cannulation model to facilitate comparison of the immune response to map and the mechanisms of pathogenesis in cattle and humans. initial studies showed a t cannula could be maintained for up to a year in calves without inducing inflammation or adversely affecting intestinal function. ma ... | 2011 | 21477870 |
| presence of intestinal mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) dna is not associated with altered mmp expression in ulcerative colitis. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) is suspected to be a causative agent in human crohn's disease (cd). recent evidence suggests that pathogenic mycobacteria and map can induce the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (mmp), which are the main proteases in the pathogenesis of mucosal ulcerations in inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). within this study we assessed the prevalence of intestinal map specific dna in patients with crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis (uc), and health ... | 2011 | 21477272 |
| crohn's disease: evidence for involvement of unregulated transcytosis in disease etio-pathogenesis. | crohn's disease (cd) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease. research has identified genetic predisposition and environmental factors as key elements in the development of the disease. however, the precise mechanism that initiates immune activation remains undefined. one pathway for luminal antigenic molecules to enter the sterile lamina propria and activate an immune response is via transcytosis. transcytosis, although tightly regulated by the cell, has the potential for transepithelial transp ... | 2011 | 21472099 |
| amplified fragment length polymorphism reveals specific epigenetic distinctions between mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis isolates of various isolation types. | amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) was employed as a genetic analysis tool for the study of the genetic relatedness of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates harvested from bovine fecal samples and from bovine or human tissues. this analysis revealed genetic differences between these two isolate types that were confirmed through cluster analysis. dendrogram analysis separated these two isolate types based on the isolation scheme (tissue-associated versus fecal m. avium s ... | 2011 | 21471350 |
| gene encoded antimicrobial peptides, a template for the design of novel anti-mycobacterial drugs. | nisin a is the most widely characterized lantibiotic investigated to date. it represents one of the many antimicrobial peptides which have been the focus of much interest as potential therapeutic agents. this has resulted in the search for novel lantibiotics and more commonly, the engineering of novel variants from existing peptides with a view to increasing their activity, stability and solubility.the aim of this study was to compare the activities of nisin a and novel bioengineered hinge deriv ... | 2010 | 21468208 |
| comparative immunological and microbiological aspects of paratuberculosis as a model mycobacterial infection. | paratuberculosis or johne's disease of livestock, which is caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), has increased in prevalence and expanded in geographic and host ranges over about 100 years. the slow and progressive spread of map reflects its substantial adaptation to its hosts, the technical limitations of diagnosis, the lack of practical therapeutic approaches, the lack of a vaccine that prevents transmission and the complexity and difficulty of the on-farm control strate ... | 2011 | 21450348 |
| culture phenotypes of genomically and geographically diverse mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates from different hosts. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes paratuberculosis (johne's disease) in ruminants in most countries. historical data suggest substantial differences in culturability of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates from small ruminants and cattle; however, a systematic comparison of culture media and isolates from different countries and hosts has not been undertaken. here, 35 field isolates from the united states, spain, northern ireland, and australia were propagated in bactec 12b ... | 2011 | 21430104 |
| highly specific and quick detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in feces and gut tissue of cattle and humans by multiple real-time pcr assays. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the causative agent of johne's disease (jd) in cattle and may be associated with crohn's disease (cd) in humans. it is the slowest growing of the cultivable mycobacteria, and culture from clinical, veterinary, food, or environmental specimens can take 4 months or even longer. currently, the insertion element is900 is used to detect m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis dna. however, closely related is900 elements are also present in other mycobacteria, t ... | 2011 | 21430100 |
| polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism of the rpob gene for identification of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and differentiation of mycobacterium avium subspecies. | mycobacterial speciation by polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (pra) of the rpob gene was evaluated for identification of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) and other mycobacterium avium complex (mac) members to the species or subspecies level by comparison with conventional methods including hsp65 sequencing, high-performance liquid chromatography, and pcr for accepted species- or subspecies-specific genomic targets. a total of 185 t ... | 2011 | 21429694 |
| effect of management practices on paratuberculosis prevalence in danish dairy herds. | a voluntary risk-based control program on paratuberculosis in dairy cattle was initiated in denmark in 2006. cows were categorized as high-risk (antibody-positive at least once within the last 3 tests) or low-risk animals based on the results of 3 to 4 annual milk elisa detecting mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map)-specific antibodies. high-risk animals require management practices aimed at decreasing calf exposure to map-contaminated colostrum and milk, and feces originating from th ... | 2011 | 21426974 |
| clarification on usda-animal and plant health inspection service estimates: a comment on. | 2011 | 21426951 | |
| application of a peptide-mediated magnetic separation-phage assay for detection of viable mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis to bovine bulk tank milk and feces samples. | naturally contaminated bovine bulk tank milk (n = 44) and feces (n = 39) were tested for the presence of viable mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis by a novel peptide-mediated magnetic separation-phage (pms-phage) assay. counts of viable m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis cells ranging from 1 to 110 pfu/50 ml of milk and 6 to 41,111 pfu/g of feces were indicated by the pms-phage assay. | 2011 | 21411581 |
| persistence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis at a farm-scale biogas plant supplied with manure from paratuberculosis-affected dairy cattle. | in this study, products from all steps of anaerobic digestion at a farm-scale biogas plant supplied with manure from paratuberculosis-affected dairy cattle were examined and quantified for the presence of the causal agent of paratuberculosis, mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, using culture and quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr). viable m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis cells were detected using culture in fermentors for up to 2 months; the presence of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis dn ... | 2011 | 21398476 |
| tuberculosis in goats: assessment of current in vivo cell-mediated and antibody-based diagnostic assays. | tuberculosis in goats, mainly caused by mycobacterium bovis and m. caprae, is a zoonotic disease with implications for public health, as well as having an economic impact due to decreased goat production, increased mortality rates and costs of diagnosis. there is an increasing need for surveillance of tuberculosis-infected goat herds, particularly in countries that are not officially free of bovine tuberculosis, and goats sharing farms with cattle should be subjected to the official tuberculin t ... | 2011 | 21388843 |
| [study on the effects of htst pasteurization temperatures on mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in an industrial fluid milk-processing system]. | johne disease is ruminant chronic granulomatous enteritis caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). the domestic animals infected with this pathogen present severe weight loss due to chronic diarrhea and a reduction in lactation yield. these result in enormous economic loss since the affected animals are subsequently subject to artificial selections and disinfection of the environment are absolutely necessary. furthermore, map has been suspected to have pathological relationsh ... | 2010 | 21381400 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in dairy products, meat, and drinking water. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the cause of johne's disease, a chronic infection of the gut, in ruminant animals that provide milk and/or meat for human consumption. map also may be involved in crohn's disease and type 1 diabetes in humans. although the role of map in human diseases has not been established, minimizing the exposure of humans to the organism is considered desirable as a precautionary measure. infected animals can shed map in feces and milk, and the organism ... | 2011 | 21375889 |
| paratuberculosis in european wild rabbits from the iberian peninsula. | of the non-ruminant wildlife species known to harbor mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (map), the rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus) is thought to pose the greatest risk of transmission to cattle. we analyzed 80 hunter-harvested wild rabbits from a core study area in southern spain, and sera from 157 wild rabbits sampled opportunistically on seven additional sites. gross lesions compatible with paratuberculosis were observed in two of 80 necropsied rabbits. histopathology revealed focal to diffus ... | 2011 | 21367439 |
| coexpression of ppe 34.9 antigen of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis with murine interferon gamma in hela cell line and study of their immunogenicity in murine model. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of johne's disease whose immunopathology mainly depends on cell mediated immuneresponse. genome sequencing revealed various ppe (proline-proline-glutamic acid) protein family of map which are immunologically importance candidate genes in present study we have developed a bicistrionic construct pir ppe/ifn containing a 34.9?kda ppe protein (ppe 34.9) of map along with a cytokine gene encoding murine gamma interferon gene (if ... | 2011 | 21350664 |
| what is mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis? | 2011 | 21350052 | |
| characterization of the mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis laminin-binding/histone-like protein (lbp/hlp) which reacts with sera from patients with crohn's disease. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) causes a chronic enteric disease in ruminants, called paratuberculosis or johne's disease. the current model proposes that after ingestion by the host, map crosses the intestinal barrier via internalization by the m cells. experimental observations suggest, however, that map may also transcytose the intestinal wall via the enterocytes, but the mechanisms involved in this process remain poorly understood. cytoadherence assays performed on epitheli ... | 2011 | 21334452 |
| structured approach to design of diagnostic test evaluation studies for chronic progressive infections in animals. | diagnostic test evaluations (dtes) for chronic infections are challenging because a protracted incubation period has to be considered in the design of the dte, and the adverse effects of infection may be widespread and progressive over an animal's entire life. frequently, the specific purpose of the test is not formally considered when a test is evaluated. therefore, the result is often a dte where test sensitivity and specificity estimates are biased, either because of problems with establishin ... | 2011 | 21333467 |
| survival of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis in yoghurt and in commercial fermented milk products containing probiotic cultures. | to assess the survival of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) in yoghurt and commercial fermented milk products containing probiotic strains. | 2011 | 21332899 |
| decreased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and increased expression of tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase-1 in paratuberculosis-infected cattle in the elisa-negative subclinical stage. | we investigated the gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases-9 (mmp-9) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (timp-1) in peripheral blood cells from infected cattle with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in the elisa-negative subclinical stage compared with uninfected control cattle. significant decreased mmp-9 expression and increased timp-1 expression were found in peripheral blood cells from map-infected cattle after stimulation with map lysate and map purif ... | 2011 | 21328105 |
| development of a novel oral vaccine against mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis and johne disease: a patho-biotechnological approach. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the etiological agent of johne disease, a granulomatous enteritis of cattle and other domesticated and wild ruminant species. johne disease is prevalent worldwide and has a significant impact on the global agricultural economy. current vaccines against johne are insufficient in stemming its spread, and associated side-effects prevent their widespread use in control programs. effective and safe vaccine strategies are needed. the main purpose of ... | 2010 | 21326921 |
| predicting fadeout versus persistence of paratuberculosis in a dairy cattle herd for management and control purposes: a modelling study. | abstract: epidemiological models enable to better understand the dynamics of infectious diseases and to assess ex-ante control strategies. for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), possible transmission routes have been described, but map spread in a herd and the relative importance of the routes are currently insufficiently understood to prioritize control measures. we aim to predict early after map introduction in a dairy cattle herd whether infection is likely to fade out or pers ... | 2011 | 21324117 |
| immunoregulatory cytokines are associated with protection from immunopathology following mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in red deer. | although the causative agent of johne's disease, mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, is well known, the etiology of disease and the immune responses generated in response to infection are still poorly understood. knowledge of definitive markers of protective immunity, infection, and the establishment of chronic granulomatous johne's disease is necessary to advance vaccine and diagnostic development. we sought to profile the immune responses occurring within jejunal lymph nodes of experi ... | 2011 | 21321071 |
| does a th1 over th2 dominancy really exist in the early stages of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infections? | the immune response of ruminants to johne's disease has been long associated with a cell mediated immune (cmi) response in the early stages of infection with a switch to an antibody response later as the disease manifests. this study examines the immune response in sheep to mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) infections, specifically the antigen-specific interferon gamma (ifn-γ) and antibody responses as surrogates of t helper-1 (th1) and th2 immunity. the difference in ifn-γ p ... | 2010 | 21281979 |
| how accurately can we detect mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection? | mycobacteria have thwarted detection by scientists for centuries. mycobacterium paratuberculosis is one of the most fastidious of the mycobacteriaceae, and has been implicated in both animal and human diseases. in domestic livestock, m. paratuberculosis has been associated with johne's disease, which given its increasing incidence, is currently a cause for concern, due to the potential for m. paratuberculosis to enter our food chain. in addition, a tenuous link has been reported between m. parat ... | 2011 | 21281678 |
| soil and plant contamination with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis after exposure to naturally contaminated mouflon feces. | the aim of this study was to demonstrate the persistence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in soil and colonization of different plant parts after deliberate exposure to mouflon feces naturally contaminated with different amounts of map. samples of aerial parts of plants, their roots, and the soil below the roots were collected after 15 weeks and examined using is900 real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) and cultivation. although the presence of viable map cells was not demonstrat ... | 2011 | 21279514 |
| molecular characterization of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis using multi-locus short sequence repeat (mlssr) and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units-variable number tandem repeat (miru-vntr) typing methods. | the aim of this study was to characterize 38 bovine strains of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolated in ireland using 11 multi locus short sequence repeat (mlssr) loci and 8 mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units-variable number of tandem repeat (miru-vntr) loci. the discriminatory power of these two typing methods alone and combined was evaluated, as was the epidemiology of the isolates and the genotypes obtained. using the miru-vntr typing method (8 loci analysed), only 3 s ... | 2010 | 21269784 |
| macrophages from ibd patients exhibit defective tumour necrosis factor-a secretion but otherwise normal or augmented pro-inflammatory responses to infection. | defects in macrophage function have been implicated in the establishment of crohn's disease (cd). however, the response of macrophages from cd patients to live bacteria, particularly mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), has not been addressed. considering map has long been associated to cd, our objective was to assess whether macrophages from cd patients showed impaired inflammatory response to infection by map comparing to m. avium subsp. avium (ma) and other live intestinal comme ... | 2011 | 21269730 |
| seroprevalence of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in cows in umbria, italy. | 2010 | 21257421 | |
| effect of herd prevalence on heritability estimates of antibody response to mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | worldwide, classical control strategies based on hygiene and culling of infected animals have been implemented to eradicate johne's disease. breeding for disease resistance may be a useful additional tool to control the disease. the aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for the presence of a mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis specific antibody response in milk of dutch holstein-friesian cows using subsets of data based on within-herd test prevalence. the analyzed data set c ... | 2011 | 21257067 |
| evaluation of a rapid and inexpensive liquid culture system for the detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in bovine faeces. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the etiologic agent of paratuberculosis, a chronic granulomatous enteric disease of ruminants. map detection by faecal culture provides the definitive diagnosis of the infection. automated liquid systems for map culture are more sensitive and rapid than culture on solid media, but they are expensive and require specialised equipment. in this study, a non-automated culture method using a modified middlebrook 7h9 liquid medium (7h9+) was compare ... | 2011 | 21256880 |
| molecular identification and characterization of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in free living non-human primate (rhesus macaques) from north india. | in recent years, mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) has emerged as major animal pathogen with significant zoonotic concerns, worldwide. map infection is endemic in domestic and wild ruminant population in india. however, information on map infection in free ranging animal species and non human primates is limited. present study aimed to estimate the status of map infection in free living rhesus macaques suffering with multiple clinical conditions (coughing and loose stool). a ... | 2011 | 21255839 |
| current perspectives on mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, johne's disease, and crohn's disease: a review. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) causes the disease of cattle, johne's. the economic impact of this disease includes early culling of infected cattle, reduced milk yield, and weight loss of cattle sold for slaughter. there is a possible link between map and crohn's disease, a human inflammatory bowel disease. map is also a potential human food borne pathogen because it survives current pasteurization treatments. we review the current knowledge of map, johne's disease and crohn's ... | 2011 | 21254832 |
| effect of unvaccinated merino wether lambs on shedding of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in flocks vaccinating for ovine johne's disease. | to determine the prevalence of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (mptb) shedding by unvaccinated wethers compared with vaccinated ewes. | 2011 | 21250954 |
| persistent enteric mycobacterial infection enhances sensitivity to acute mucosal injury. | antigen presenting cells such as intestinal macrophages are dynamic effector cells that play a critical role in maintaining mucosal homeostasis. however, it is not known how occult intestinal infections alter the response of the intestinal mucosa to subsequent intestinal injury. the aim of this study was to evaluate how persistent subclinical intestinal infection with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) would influence acute dextran sulfate sodium (dss)-mediated intestinal inflamma ... | 2011 | 21239734 |
| fate of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis after application of contaminated dairy cattle manure to agricultural soils. | details regarding the fate of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (basonym, mycobacterium paratuberculosis) after manure application on grassland are unknown. to evaluate this, intact soil columns were collected in plastic pipes (lysimeters) and placed under controlled conditions to test the effect of a loamy or sandy soil composition and the amount of rainfall on the fate of m. paratuberculosis applied to the soil surface with manure slurry. the experiment was organized as a randomized ... | 2011 | 21239557 |
| dairy farmers' reasons for participation in the danish control programme on bovine paratuberculosis. | the danish dairy industry initiated a voluntary, producer-paid control programme on mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in 2006. approximately 28% of the dairy herds, including 40% of the cows, are part of the programme. farmers' reasons for participation are of great importance for the success of voluntary disease control programmes. this study was carried out to determine these reasons. questionnaires with seven close-ended questions were mailed to the 1177 voluntary participants ... | 2011 | 21232808 |
| early immune markers associated with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in a neonatal calf model. | the objective of this study was to observe early markers of cell-mediated immunity in naïve calves infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and how expression of these markers evolved over the 12-month period of infection. groups for experimental infection included control (noninfected), oral (infected orally with m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strain k-10), oral/dxm (pretreatment with dexamethasone before oral inoculation), intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculation, and oral/m (oral ... | 2011 | 21228140 |
| serum antibodies to mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis combined with anti-saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies in crohn's disease patients: prevalence and diagnostic role. | because mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map), the etiologic agent of johne's disease in ruminant, has been identified in the mucosal layer and deeper bowel wall in cd patients, the seroactivity against map may define a distinct subset of patients requiring individual treatment. the aim of this study was to assess the performance of anti-map antibodies in the diagnostic strategy for cd. | 2011 | 21221802 |
| serologic tests for detecting antibodies against mycobacterium bovis and mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in eurasian wild boar (sus scrofa scrofa). | new tools to detect exposure of free-range eurasian wild boar (sus scrofa scrofa) to pathogenic mycobacteria would be valuable for improved disease surveillance and wildlife management. two hundred sera from wild boar of known mycobacterium bovis infection status were used to evaluate test suitability for the detection of antibodies against m. bovis and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (or cross-reacting members of the m. avium complex). two traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent ass ... | 2011 | 21217031 |
| an efficient dna extraction method for polymerase chain reaction-based detection of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in bovine fecal samples. | due to the lipid rich cell wall of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map), the complex nature of bovine feces, and intermittent organism shedding by infected cattle, it is difficult to recover a sufficient amount of high-quality map dna from fecal samples, directly affecting the sensitivity of downstream polymerase chain reaction (pcr) tests. in the current study, a dna extraction method, designated the mississippi veterinary research and diagnostic laboratory (mvrdl) method, was ... | 2011 | 21217026 |
| candidate gene and genome-wide association studies of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in cattle and sheep: a review. | paratuberculosis (johne's disease), caused by mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, is responsible for significant economic losses in livestock industries worldwide. this organism is also of public health concern due to an unconfirmed link to crohn's disease. susceptibility to paratuberculosis has been suggested to have a genetic component. in livestock, a number of candidate genes have been studied, selected on their association to susceptibility in other mycobacterial diseases, thei ... | 2011 | 21216466 |
| control of paratuberculosis in sheep and goats. | control of paratuberculosis in small ruminants can be easily achieved by vaccination. vaccination prevents clinical cases and thus may lead to increased production at a highly profitable benefit-to-cost ratio. because bacterial shedding is greatly reduced, vaccination can help control the general contamination risks. there are no restrictions to vaccination in sheep, but potential interference with diagnosis of tuberculosis must be taken into account in goats. other control strategies have faile ... | 2011 | 21215897 |
| molecular epidemiology of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in a longitudinal study of three dairy herds. | the objective of this study was to evaluate whether cows that were low shedders of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis were passively shedding or truly infected with m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. we also investigated whether it is possible that these m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected animals could have been infected as adults by contemporary high-shedding animals (supershedders). the m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates were obtained from a longitudinal study of three da ... | 2011 | 21209171 |
| evidence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in dutch farmed red deer. | paratuberculosis is a chronic disease in ruminants caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). most economic losses due to map occur in the dairy industry. however, the infection is not restricted to cattle, but also occurs in other ruminants, such as sheep, goat, and deer. although deer are of minimal economic importance in the netherlands, they may constitute a source of infection for the dairy industry. this pilot study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of johne's dise ... | 2010 | 21207913 |
| association of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis with crohn disease in pediatric patients. | the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (map) dna in intestinal biopsies from pediatric patients with granulomatous crohn disease (cd) or ulcerative colitis (uc), and matched control subjects without inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). | 2011 | 21206379 |
| hsp70 vaccination-induced antibodies recognize b cell epitopes in the cell wall of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) causes a chronic intestinal infection of ruminants and has been associated with the etiology of human crohn's disease. a map hsp70/dda subunit vaccine previously showed a significant reduction in fecal shedding of map in cattle, concomitant with pronounced antibody production against map hsp70, rather than t cell reactivity. our hypothesis is that if hsp70-specific antibodies are able to confer protection, the first requisite would be that th ... | 2011 | 21199702 |
| evaluation of the association between fecal excretion of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis and detection in colostrum and on teat skin surfaces of dairy cows. | to evaluate the association between fecal excretion of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (map) by dairy cows in the periparturient period and detection of map dna in colostrum specimens and on teat skin surfaces. | 2011 | 21194328 |
| [immunodetection of mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis p34 in infected bovine macrophage]. | 2010 | 21186677 | |
| assessment of dietzia subsp. c79793-74 for treatment of cattle with evidence of paratuberculosis. | the objective of the present investigation was to determine whether the bacterium dietzia subsp. c79793-74, previously shown to inhibit growth of mycobacterium subsp. paratuberculosis under in vitro culture conditions, has therapeutic value as a probiotic for adult cattle with paratuberculosis. animals were obtained from several herds with evidence of disease based on seropositivity and/or fecal shedding. sixty-eight cows with initial evidence of stage ii or iii paratuberculosis and 2 with an ... | 2010 | 21178433 |
| comparison of ante-mortem assays to assess progression/regression of paratuberculosis in individual dairy animals. | johne's disease, caused by mycobacterium avium, subspecies paratuberculosis (map) is becoming increasingly widespread on dairy farms worldwide, due in part, to the absence of vaccine/drug or curative modalities. this spread is of concern since map is at the center of a controversy as to its role in crohn's disease. none of the methods presently available to define paratuberculosis in cattle have been examined for their ability to assess progression/regression of any treatment or intervention o ... | 2010 | 21178432 |
| detection of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis in cheese, milk powder and milk using is900 and f57-based qpcr assays. | to develop a quantitative pcr assay for sensitive and specific detection of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) in a range of dairy products. | 2010 | 21155954 |
| slc11a1 polymorphisms in inflammatory bowel disease and mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis status. | to test for association of slc11a1 with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) and mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) status in a caucasian cohort. | 2010 | 21128323 |
| paucity of mycobacteria in mucosal bowel biopsies from adults and children with early inflammatory bowel disease. | the presence of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) has previously been inferred in the genesis of crohn's disease (cd), and a higher incidence of map pcr positivity has been demonstrated in the gut and peripheral blood of cd patients than in healthy individuals. the objective of this prospective study was to assess the potential etiological role of map in the pathogenesis of cd. | 2010 | 21122560 |
| herd-level prevalence of johne's disease in utah and adjacent areas of the intermountain west as detected by a bulk-tank milk surveillance project. | the objectives of this study were to estimate the dairy herd-level prevalence of johne's disease (jd) in utah and nearby areas of the intermountain west and to estimate the sensitivity of a single bulk-tank milk test for jd detection. two milk samples from all bulk tanks on the study farms were collected 1 mo apart. samples were frozen and shipped to a laboratory for jd testing. an elisa to measure total igg antibody specific against mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis, the etiological age ... | 2010 | 21094751 |
| multiplexed typing of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis types i, ii, and iii by luminex xmap suspension array. | differentiation among types i, ii, and iii is the primary step in typing mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. we propose an innovative approach based on detection of gyrase b (gyrb) gene polymorphisms by suspension array technology, with high discriminatory power and high-throughput potential. | 2010 | 21084512 |
| immunogenicity and reactivity of novel mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis ppe map1152 and conserved map1156 proteins with sera from experimentally and naturally infected animals. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes johne's disease (jd) in ruminants. development of genetic tools and completion of the m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis genome sequencing project have expanded the opportunities for antigen discovery. in this study, we determined the seroreactivities of two proteins encoded at the 5' and 3' regions of the map1152-map1156 gene cluster. map1152 encodes a ppe protein, and map1156 encodes a diacylglycerol acyltransferase involved in triglyceride meta ... | 2010 | 21084462 |
| development of a predictive model for detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in faeces by quantitative real time pcr. | this study focused on the development of a reliable and cost-efficient dna isolation procedure for the detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in faeces by previously developed is900 and f57 quantitative real time pcr (qpcr) and their comparison with culture. the recovery of map dna from the spiking experiments ranged from 29.1 to 102.4% of the input amount of map with median 37.9%. the limit of detection was determined to be 1.03 × 10(4) for f57 qpcr and 6.87 × 10(2)map c ... | 2010 | 21075565 |
| molecular epidemiology of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis: is900 pcr identification and is1311 polymorphism analysis from ruminants in the punjab region of india. | johne's disease is chronic granulomatous infectious enteritis of animals caused by mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. a total of 153 animals from 19 dairy farms, 2 gaushalas (unproductive-animal rehabilitation centers), 2 goat and 2 sheep farms from different districts of the punjab region were selected on the basis of clinical signs of disease. all samples from cattle (n=86), buffalo (n=34), goat (n=25) and sheep (n=26) were subjected to ziehl-neelsen staining and dna extraction b ... | 2010 | 21071087 |
| differential proteome analysis of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis grown in vitro and isolated from cases of clinical johne's disease. | bovine johne's disease (paratuberculosis), caused by mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, poses a significant economic problem to the beef and dairy industry worldwide. despite its relevance, however, pathogenesis of johne's disease is still only partially resolved. since mycobacterial membrane proteins expressed during infection are likely to play an important role in pathogenesis, membrane-enriched fractions, namely mucosa-derived membranes (mdm) and culture-derived membranes (cdm) ... | 2010 | 21051485 |
| genomic and transcriptomic studies in mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | microarray technology is an important tool in functional genomic research. it has enabled a deeper analysis of genomic diversity among bacteria belonging to the mycobacterium avium complex (mac). in addition, the expression of thousands of genes can be studied simultaneously in a single experiment. with the complete genome sequence of a bovine isolate of m. avium subspecies paratuberculosis, and the independent construction of dna microarrays in our laboratories, transcriptomic studies for this ... | 2010 | 21047690 |
| mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis and the etiology of crohn's disease: a review of the controversy from the clinician's perspective. | mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (map) is an obligate intracellular organism that has frequently been associated with crohn's disease (cd). because cd is a chronic inflammatory condition, many researchers have speculated that an infectious agent must be the cause of cd. map has often been proposed to be one such agent; however, despite considerable research, the evidence remains inconclusive. higher levels of map have been found in the tissues and blood of cd patients than in controls, formi ... | 2010 | 21037992 |
| different mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis miru-vntr patterns coexist within cattle herds. | a better understanding of the biodiversity of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) offers more insight in the epidemiology of paratuberculosis and therefore may contribute to the control of the disease. the aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity in bovine map isolates using pcr-based methods detecting genetic elements called variable-number tandem repeats (vntrs) and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (mirus) to determine if multiple map strains can coex ... | 2010 | 21035277 |
| association between risk-assessment scores and individual-cow johne's disease-test status over time on seven michigan, usa dairy herds. | to evaluate the effectiveness of management practices implemented to control the spread of johne's disease (jd), we conducted a 5-year observational study (january 2003 to december 2007) on seven michigan, usa dairy herds containing cows infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map; the causative agent of the disease). the jd incidence and prevalence was monitored in each herd annually by serum elisa and/or fecal culture of all adult cows. a jdcp was designed specifically for e ... | 2010 | 21030097 |
| iron-sparing response of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is strain dependent. | abstract: two genotypically and microbiologically distinct strains of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) exist - s and c map strains that primarily infect sheep and cattle, respectively. concentration of iron in the cultivation medium has been suggested as one contributing factor for the observed microbiologic differences. we recently demonstrated that s strains have defective iron storage systems, leading us to propose that these strains might experience iron toxicity when excess ... | 2010 | 20969756 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activities of capuramycin analogues against non-tuberculous mycobacteria. | to determine antibacterial activity of capuramycin analogues sq997, sq922, sq641 and rks2244 against several non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm). | 2010 | 20952419 |
| characterization of pathogen-specific expression of host immune response genes in anaplasma and mycobacterium species infected ruminants. | anaplasma and mycobacterium species are among the most prevalent bacterial pathogens in european red deer (cervus elaphus) in south-central spain and are known to modify gene expression in ruminants. in this study, we used microarray hybridization and real-time rt-pcr analyses to characterize global gene expression profiles in red deer in response to anaplasma ovis and a. ovis/mycobacterium bovis/mycobacterium avium sub. paratuberculosis (map) infections, compare the expression of immune respons ... | 2010 | 20952064 |
| primary transcriptomes of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis reveal proprietary pathways in tissue and macrophages. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) persistently infects intestines and mesenteric lymph nodes leading to a prolonged subclinical disease. the map genome sequence was published in 2005, yet its transcriptional organization in natural infection is unknown. while prior research analyzed regulated gene sets utilizing defined, in vitro stress related or advanced surgical methods with various animal species, we investigated the intracellular lifestyle of map in the intestines and lymph ... | 2010 | 20939887 |
| direct inoculation of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis into ileocecal peyer's patches results in colonization of the intestine in a calf model. | the objective of this study was to develop an intestinal model of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) infection in the calf for evaluation of mucosal pathology and local and systemic immunologic responses. map was inoculated into peyer's patches of young calves using a right flank surgical approach in standing calves to exteriorize the ileocecal junction. inoculum doses ranging from 10(3) to 10(9) colony-forming units of strain k10 map were injected through the serosal surface ... | 2010 | 20930105 |
| association of microsatellite polymorphisms with immune responses to a killed mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis vaccine in merino sheep. | to study the association of polymorphisms at five microsatellite loci with immune responses to a killed mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) vaccine. | 2010 | 20927174 |
| a novel real-time pcr assay for specific detection and quantification of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in milk with the inherent possibility of differentiation between viable and dead cells. | abstract: | 2010 | 20925922 |
| histopathology of grossly normal mesenteric lymph nodes of new zealand farmed red deer (cervus elaphus) including identification of lipopigment. | this article describes the histopathology of grossly normal mesenteric lymph nodes (mlns) of new zealand farmed red deer (cervus elaphus). eighty mlns were sourced from 10 deer from 5 north island herds and 5 south island herds classified as low risk and high risk of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) infection, respectively. fixed sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin; ziehl-neelsen; and, selectively, periodic acid-schiff, perl's, and sudan black. positive ziehl-ne ... | 2010 | 20881317 |
| epidemiologic clues to inflammatory bowel disease. | in this article, the recent literature exploring the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) is reviewed. epidemiologic studies present data on disease burden, but may also provide clues to disease etiology. the emergence of ibd in developing nations warrants a systematic search for environmental changes in those countries to explain the evolution of ibd. the hygiene hypothesis suggests that an alteration in the microbial environment experienced by the host facilitates the evolution of ... | 2010 | 20878276 |
| isolation and detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) from cattle in ireland using both traditional culture and molecular based methods. | abstract: | 2010 | 20875096 |
| influence of parity at time of detection of serologic antibodies to mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis on reduction in daily and lifetime milk production in holstein cows. | mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of bovine paratuberculosis, also known as johne's disease. two production variables (daily and lifetime milk) were compared in this longitudinal study of cows classified based upon serum elisa results for map. the sample included adult holstein cows that had completed their productive life (n = 2,808 animals) since testing began and that had been raised by and were located on 2 commercial dairies in texas. these animals were ... | 2010 | 20870950 |
| resequencing the mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis k10 genome: improved annotation and revised genome sequence. | we report the resequencing and revised annotation of the mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis k10 genome. a total of 90 single-nucleotide errors and a 51-bp indel in the original k10 genome were corrected, and the whole genome annotation was revised. correction of these sequencing errors resulted in 28 frameshift alterations. the amended genome sequence is accessible via the supplemental section of study srr060191 in the ncbi sequence read archive and will serve as a valuable reference ge ... | 2010 | 20870759 |
| faecal shedding detected earlier than immune responses in goats naturally infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | paratuberculosis was diagnosed in a goat herd that participated in a sanitation program against mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. the aim of this study was to characterise the development of gamma interferon (ifn-γ) and antibody responses as well as the occurrence of faecal shedding. faecal culture appeared surprisingly sensitive as about 18% and 40% of the goats were positive at 9 and 15-17months of age, respectively, and shedding was often seen prior to peripheral immune responses. ... | 2010 | 20869736 |