Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| comparison of clostridium difficile minimum inhibitory concentrations obtained using agar dilution vs broth microdilution methods. | due to increasing antibiotic resistance among anaerobic bacteria, routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing is recommended by the clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi). this study compared the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) from 920 clostridium difficile isolates tested against seven antimicrobial agents using the two current clsi reference methodologies, agar dilution method, vs broth microdilution method. a subset of isolate testing was performed independently by two ... | 2017 | 28188880 |
| a mathematical model of clostridium difficile transmission in medical wards and a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing different strategies for laboratory diagnosis and patient isolation. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a common and potentially fatal healthcare-associated infection. improving diagnostic tests and infection control measures may prevent transmission. we aimed to determine, in resource-limited settings, whether it is more effective and cost-effective to allocate resources to isolation or to diagnostics. | 2017 | 28187144 |
| risk factors and impact of clostridium difficile recurrence on haematology patients. | 2017 | 28186243 | |
| review of the role of probiotics in gastrointestinal diseases in adults. | probiotics may act as biological agents that modify the intestinal microbiota and certain cytokine profiles, which can lead to an improvement in certain gastrointestinal diseases. | 2017 | 28185664 |
| evaluation of nested polymerase chain reaction and immunoassay for rapid diagnosis of clostridium difficile in children with community acquired diarrhea. | clostridium difficile (c. difficile) is a known pathogen associated with diarrhea especially in hospital acquired diarrhea. yet, it is being recognized as a probable etiology for community acquired diarrhea. the aim of the present study was to detect the presence of c. difficile as a pathogen causing community acquired diarrhea in children and to verify the value of different laboratory methods for diagnosis, namely specific culture, immunoassay for toxin detection, and nested polymerase chain r ... | 2017 | 28182338 |
| effect of aging on the composition of fecal microbiota in donors for fmt and its impact on clinical outcomes. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is emerging as an effective therapy for the treatment of recurrent clostridium difficile infection (rcdi). selecting an appropriate donor is vital to the success of fmt. however, the relationship between age of donors and the efficacy of fmt has not been examined to date. the aim of this study was to examine the effect of age of healthy donors on their fecal microbiota and assess the impact of these changes on the clinical efficacy of fmt. | 2017 | 28181098 |
| comprehensive evaluation of chemiluminescent immunoassays for the laboratory diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection. | for the microbiological diagnosis of a clostridium (c.) difficile infection (cdi), a two-test algorithm consisting of a c. difficile glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh)-immunoassay followed by a toxin-immunoassay in positive cases is widely used. in this study, two chemiluminescent immunoassays (clias), one for gdh and the other for the toxins a and b, have been evaluated systematically using appropriate reference methods. three-hundred diarrhoeal stool specimens submitted for cdi diagnosis were analy ... | 2017 | 28181032 |
| designing fecal microbiota transplant trials that account for differences in donor stool efficacy. | fecal microbiota transplantation is a highly effective intervention for patients suffering from recurrent clostridium difficile, a common hospital-acquired infection. fecal microbiota transplantation's success as a therapy for c. difficile has inspired interest in performing clinical trials that experiment with fecal microbiota transplantation as a therapy for other conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, diabetes, and parkinson's disease. results from clinical trials that use fecal ... | 2017 | 28178876 |
| interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices for hospital inpatients. | antibiotic resistance is a major public health problem. infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria are associated with prolonged hospital stay and death compared with infections caused by susceptible bacteria. appropriate antibiotic use in hospitals should ensure effective treatment of patients with infection and reduce unnecessary prescriptions. we updated this systematic review to evaluate the impact of interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing to hospital inpatients. | 2017 | 28178770 |
| fecal microbiota transplant for clostridium difficile infection in a pregnant patient. | clostridium difficile infection has been associated with negative outcomes in the general population and in pregnant patients. fecal microbiota transplant has become the standard for treatment of recurrent as well as refractory c difficile infection. | 2017 | 28178052 |
| laboratory diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection: comparison of techlab c. diff quik chek complete, xpert c. difficile, and multistep algorithmic approach. | clostridium difficile is a major pathogen responsible for nosocomial infectious diarrhea. we explored optimal laboratory strategies for diagnosis of c. difficile infection (cdi) in our clinical settings, a 1400-bed tertiary care hospital. | 2017 | 28177534 |
| "infectious supercarelessness" in discussing antibiotic-resistant bacteria. | many bacterial pathogens are exhibiting resistance to increasing numbers of antibiotics making it much more challenging to treat the infections caused by these microbes. in many reports in the media and perhaps even in discussions among physicians and biomedical scientists, these bacteria are frequently referred to as "bugs" with the prefix "super" appended. this terminology has a high potential to elicit unjustified inferences and fails to highlight the broader evolutionary context. understandi ... | 2017 | 28174759 |
| infection: modifying recurrence of clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28174419 | |
| cost analysis of nonoperative management of acute appendicitis in children. | the purpose of this study was to determine if nonoperative management of acute appendicitis in children is more cost effective than appendectomy. | 2017 | 28173947 |
| the american cockroach peptide periplanetasin-2 blocks clostridium difficile toxin a-induced cell damage and inflammation in the gut. | clostridium difficile, which causes pseudomembranous colitis, releases toxin a and toxin b. these toxins are considered to be the main causative agents for the disease pathogenesis, and their expression is associated with a marked increase of apoptosis in mucosal epithelial cells. colonic epithelial cells are believed to form a physical barrier between the lumen and the submucosa, and abnormally increased mucosal epithelial cell apoptosis is considered to be an initial step in gut inflammation r ... | 2017 | 28173695 |
| transmissibility of clostridium difficile without contact isolation: results from a prospective observational study with 451 patients. | 2017 | 28172613 | |
| optimal strategies for the diagnosis of community-onset diarrhea in solid organ transplant recipients: less is more. | diarrhea, a common complication after solid organ transplant (sot), is associated with allograft failure and death. no evidence-based guidelines exist for the evaluation of diarrhea in sot recipients. we performed a cost analysis to derive a testing algorithm for the diagnosis of community-onset diarrhea that minimizes costs without compromising diagnostic yields. | 2017 | 28170133 |
| bile acid disease: the emerging epidemic. | our objective was to review advances in bile acids in health and disease published in the last 2 years. bile acid diarrhea (bad) is recognized as a common cause of chronic diarrhea, and its recognition has been facilitated by development of new screening tests. | 2017 | 28169840 |
| cost analysis of an outbreak of clostridium difficile infection ribotype 027 in a dutch tertiary care centre. | the economic impact of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) on the healthcare system is significant. from may 2013 to may 2014, an outbreak of c. difficile ribotype 027 occurred in a dutch tertiary care hospital, involving 72 patients. the primary aim of this study was to provide insight into the financial burden that this cdi outbreak brought upon this hospital. | 2017 | 28169013 |
| mucosal antibodies to the c terminus of toxin a prevent colonization of clostridium difficile. | mucosal immunity is considered important for protection against clostridium difficile infection (cdi). we show that in hamsters immunized with bacillus subtilis spores expressing a carboxy-terminal segment (tcda26-39) of c. difficile toxin a, no colonization occurs in protected animals when challenged with c. difficile strain 630. in contrast, animals immunized with toxoids showed no protection and remained fully colonized. along with neutralizing toxins, antibodies to tcda26-39 (but not to toxo ... | 2017 | 28167669 |
| food indwelling clostridium difficile in naturally contaminated household meals: data for expanded risk mathematical predictions. | 2017 | 28166846 | |
| comparative effectiveness of vancomycin and metronidazole for the prevention of recurrence and death in patients with clostridium difficile infection. | metronidazole hydrochloride has historically been considered first-line therapy for patients with mild to moderate clostridium difficile infection (cdi) but is inferior to vancomycin hydrochloride for clinical cure. the choice of therapy may likewise have substantial consequences on other downstream outcomes, such as recurrence and mortality, although these secondary outcomes have been less studied. | 2017 | 28166328 |
| impact of antibiotics on necrotizing enterocolitis and antibiotic-associated diarrhea. | antibiotic treatment alters the composition and metabolic function of the intestinal microbiota. these alterations may contribute to the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) and antibiotic-associated diarrhea (aad). recent studies are beginning to unravel the contribution of specific groups of microbes and their metabolic pathways to these diseases. probiotics or other microbiota-targeted therapies may provide effect strategies to prevent and treat nec and aad. | 2017 | 28164853 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is the transfer of stool from a healthy donor into the colon of a patient whose disease is a result of an altered microbiome, with the goal of restoring the normal microbiota and thus curing the disease. the most effective and well-studied indication for fmt is recurrent clostridium difficile infection. at this time, there is insufficient evidence to recommend fmt for other gastrointestinal diseases, but studies are under way. there is also insufficient evi ... | 2017 | 28164849 |
| detection of clostridium difficile in fecal specimens: a comparative evaluation of nucleic acid amplification test and toxigenic culture. | the available data regarding clostridium difficile infections (cdis) in developing countries are scarce. this may be related in part to the complexity of anaerobic bacterial culture and/or cytotoxicity assays of c. difficile. here, we evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of pcr in comparison with toxigenic culture for direct detection of conserved genes as well as toxin genes of c. difficile in fecal specimens of patients with clinical symptoms of cdi. | 2016 | 28164522 |
| an active principle of nigella sativa l., thymoquinone, showing significant antimicrobial activity against anaerobic bacteria. | thymoquinone (tq) is the major active principle of nigella sativa seed (black seed) and is known to control many fungi, bacteria, and some viruses. however, the activity of tq against anaerobic bacteria is not well demonstrated. anaerobic bacteria can cause severe infections, including diarrhea, aspiration pneumonia, and brain abscess, particularly in immunodeficient individuals. the present study aimed to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of tq against some anaerobic pathogens in ... | 2017 | 28163966 |
| effect of antibiotics on bacterial populations: a multi-hierachical selection process. | antibiotics have been widely used for a number of decades for human therapy and farming production. since a high percentage of antibiotics are discharged from the human or animal body without degradation, this means that different habitats, from the human body to river water or soils, are polluted with antibiotics. in this situation, it is expected that the variable concentration of this type of microbial inhibitor present in different ecosystems may affect the structure and the productivity of ... | 2017 | 28163908 |
| lack of benefit with combination therapy for clostridium difficile infection. | limited data exist regarding combination therapy for clostridium difficile infection (cdi). after adjusting for confounders in a cohort of patients with cdi and≥1 year old, combination therapy was not associated with significant differences in clinical outcomes, but it was associated with prolonged duration of therapy (1.22 days; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.44 days; p=.02). infect control hosp epidemiol 2017;1-4. | 2017 | 28162100 |
| cecal perforation associated with clostridium difficile infection: a case report. | various complications are reported with clostridium difficile infection (cdi), including fulminant cdi. fulminant cdi is an underappreciated life-threatening condition associated with complications such as toxic megacolon and bowel perforation. | 2017 | 28161256 |
| diagnosing an infection control risk. | 2017 | 28158635 | |
| contribution to clostridium difficile transmission of symptomatic patients with toxigenic strains who are fecal toxin negative. | 2017 | 28158441 | |
| evolutionary clade affects resistance of clostridium difficile spores to cold atmospheric plasma. | clostridium difficile is a spore forming bacterium and the leading cause of colitis and antibiotic associated diarrhoea in the developed world. spores produced by c. difficile are robust and can remain viable for months, leading to prolonged healthcare-associated outbreaks with high mortality. exposure of c. difficile spores to a novel, non-thermal atmospheric pressure gas plasma was assessed. factors affecting sporicidal efficacy, including percentage of oxygen in the helium carrier gas admixtu ... | 2017 | 28155914 |
| risks factors and outcomes of clostridium difficile infection in patients with cancer: a matched case-control study. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the leading cause of diarrhoea in hospitalised patients. cancer populations are at high-risk for infection, but comprehensive evaluation in the current era of cancer care has not been performed. the objective of this study was to describe characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes of cdi in cancer patients. | 2017 | 28155020 |
| chylous peritoneal dialysate related to the use of nutritional supplements in a patient with clostridium difficile diarrhea. | 2017 | 28153974 | |
| clinical and laboratory features of the most common clostridium difficile ribotypes isolated in belgium. | previous studies comparing clostridium difficile infection (cdi) due to different ribotypes have been conflicting, and many have only compared small numbers of cases or few ribotypes. | 2017 | 28153559 |
| use of tigecycline for the management of clostridium difficile colitis in oncology patients and case series of breakthrough infections. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the most frequent cause of nosocomial diarrhoea in adults. cancer patients, in particular, are at a higher risk for cdi. limited clinical data exist regarding the use of tigecycline for the treatment of cdi, especially in patients with oncologic and haematologic malignancies. | 2017 | 28153556 |
| case report: acute flair of ulcerative colitis during pregnancy is still a major problem. | although severe flare of ulcerative colitis (uc) is uncommon, it significantly increases the risk of preterm delivery, low birth weight and other adverse fetal outcomes. it is critical to optimize aggressive medical treatment with both mother and fetal health. here, we present a case of a 30-year-old woman with a severe flare of uc at the 16th gestational week. the diagnosis of extensive uc was established 8 years ago. from the time she was diagnosed, she had 5 moderate flares successfully treat ... | 2017 | 28147377 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation in inflammatory bowel disease. | the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) is unknown, but it is thought to arise from an aberrant immune response to a change in colonic environment in a genetically susceptible individual. the intestinal microbiota are located at the complex interface of the epithelial barrier and are sensitive to changes in environmental factors, such as diets, drugs or smoking and signals derived from the intestinal immune system and the gut-brain axis. in patients with ibd, an imbalance in the structu ... | 2017 | 28147375 |
| epidemiology and factors related to clinical severity of acute gastroenteritis in hospitalized children after the introduction of rotavirus vaccination. | we aimed to investigate epidemiology and host- and pathogen-related factors associated with clinical severity of acute gastroenteritis (age) in children after rotavirus vaccination introduction. factors assessed included age, co-infection with more than 2 viruses, and virus-toxigenic clostridium difficile co-detection. fecal samples and clinical information, including modified vesikari scores, were collected from hospitalized children with age. the presence of enteric viruses and bacteria, inclu ... | 2017 | 28145650 |
| high prevalence of toxigenic clostridium difficile in public space lawns in western australia. | clostridium difficile is a well-established hospital pathogen. recently, it has been detected increasingly in patients without hospital contact. given this rise in community associated infections with c. difficile, we hypothesized that the environment could play an important role in transmission of spores outside the hospital. lawn samples (311) collected in public spaces in the metropolitan area of perth, western australia, from february to june 2016 were cultured for c. difficile. c. difficile ... | 2017 | 28145453 |
| geriatric infectious diseases: current concepts on diagnosis and management. | new information on infectious diseases in older adults has become available in the past 20 years. in this review, in-depth discussions on the general problem of geriatric infectious diseases (epidemiology, pathogenesis, age-related host defenses, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approach); diagnosis and management of bacterial pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and clostridium difficile infection; and the unique challenges of diagnosing and managing infections in a long-term care setting are ... | 2017 | 28140454 |
| use of antibiotic and prevalence of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in-patients with spinal cord injuries: a uk national spinal injury centre experience. | this was a retrospective audit, with the aims being to (1) record the use of antibiotics; (2) establish the prevalence of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (aad) and clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (cdad); and (3) assess if there was any seasonal variation in antibiotic use and incidence of aad. | 2017 | 28139662 |
| a clostridium difficile lineage endemic to costa rican hospitals is multidrug resistant by acquisition of chromosomal mutations and novel mobile genetic elements. | the antimicrobial resistance (amr) rates and levels recorded for clostridium difficile are on the rise. this study reports the nature, levels, diversity, and genomic context of the antimicrobial resistance of human c. difficile isolates of the napcr1/rt012/st54 genotype, which caused an outbreak in 2009 and is endemic in costa rican hospitals. to this end, we determined the susceptibilities of 38 napcr1 isolates to 10 antibiotics from seven classes using etests or macrodilution tests and examine ... | 2017 | 28137804 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation for gastrointestinal disorders. | the importance of the gut microbiome in human health is being increasingly recognized. the purpose of this review is to examine the existing literature pertaining to alterations in the gut microbiome and the utility of microbiome restoration therapies in gastrointestinal disorders. | 2017 | 28134687 |
| novel antibiotics in development to treat clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infections (cdi) remain a challenge to treat clinically due primarily to limited number of antibiotics available and unacceptably high recurrence rates. because of this, there has been significant demand for creating innovative therapeutics, which has resulted in the development of several novel antibiotics. | 2017 | 28134686 |
| clostridium difficile infection: an orthopaedic surgeon's guide to epidemiology, management, and prevention. | clostridium difficile infection is a growing concern in health care and is a worrisome complication in orthopaedics. the incidence and severity of this infection are increasing, although the incidence following orthopaedic surgery is comparatively lower than that seen in patients in most other surgical specialties. the typical geriatric orthopaedic patient may have many risk factors that increase the likelihood of c difficile infection, including advanced age, residence in a long-term care facil ... | 2017 | 28134674 |
| [a case of advanced rectal cancer resulting in a pathologically complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy]. | a 61-years-old man was admitted to our hospital because of abdominal pain. colonoscopy revealed a type 2 tumor in the rectum, which was diagnosed as low differentiated adenocarcinoma. at least 8 abdominal lymph adenopathies were enhanced on contrast-enhanced ct. we diagnosed stage ct3n2h0m0p0, cstage iii b. because of the risk of a poor prognosis, we tried neoadjuvant chemotherapy for the purpose of down staging. a crt was prevented by clostridium difficile enteritis, but we completed 80% of the ... | 2016 | 28133313 |
| the cwb2 cell wall-anchoring module is revealed by the crystal structures of the clostridium difficile cell wall proteins cwp8 and cwp6. | bacterial cell wall proteins play crucial roles in cell survival, growth, and environmental interactions. in gram-positive bacteria, cell wall proteins include several types that are non-covalently attached via cell wall binding domains. of the two conserved surface-layer (s-layer)-anchoring modules composed of three tandem slh or cwb2 domains, the latter have so far eluded structural insight. the crystal structures of cwp8 and cwp6 reveal multi-domain proteins, each containing an embedded cwb2 ... | 2017 | 28132783 |
| the burden of healthcare-associated clostridium difficile infection in a non-metropolitan setting. | healthcare-associated clostridium difficile infection (hca-cdi) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. however, few data exist on the burden of hca-cdi in multi-site non-metropolitan settings. this study examined the introduction of an antimicrobial stewardship programme (asp) in relation to hca-cdi rates, and the effect of hca-cdi on length of stay (los) and hospital costs. | 2017 | 28131640 |
| clostridium difficile colitis: a clinical review. | clostridium difficile colitis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the surgical patient. in recent years, clostridium difficile infections have shown marked increases in frequency, severity, and resistance to standard treatment. with urgent operative interventions and novel endoscopic approaches, pseudomembranous colitis is being seen more commonly in surgical practices. | 2017 | 28131326 |
| key advantages of a targeted incident reporting system for severe and critical clostridium difficile infection incidents. | there is little guidance on how to design and implement an incident reporting system (irs) targeted at one of the most common types of adverse events in hospitals: hospital-associated infections. in this article, we describe an irs for severe and critical clostridium difficile infection incidents and highlight its key advantages. | 2017 | 28130951 |
| clinical implications of emerging data on the safety of proton pump inhibitors. | proton pump inhibitors (ppi) are among the safest class of drugs used by all care providers, including gastroenterologists. they are the mainstay in treatment of acid-related disease, in particular, gastroesophageal reflux disease. without them, many patients would experience a major decrement in their quality of life. however, no drug is without side effects or adverse events. in the past decade, numerous reports, principally case control studies and meta-analyses, have raised questions about i ... | 2017 | 28130652 |
| effects of control interventions on clostridium difficile infection in england: an observational study. | the control of clostridium difficile infections is an international clinical challenge. the incidence of c difficile in england declined by roughly 80% after 2006, following the implementation of national control policies; we tested two hypotheses to investigate their role in this decline. first, if c difficile infection declines in england were driven by reductions in use of particular antibiotics, then incidence of c difficile infections caused by resistant isolates should decline faster than ... | 2017 | 28130063 |
| fluoroquinolone restriction to control fluoroquinolone-resistant clostridium difficile. | 2017 | 28130062 | |
| [reactive arthritis due to clostridium difficile: report of two cases and literature review]. | reactive arthritis due to clostridium difficile infection is uncommon. | 2017 | 28129954 |
| challenges in fecal donor selection and screening for fecal microbiota transplantation: a review. | fecal microbiota transplantation is best understood as an effective and inexpensive therapy for recurrent clostridium difficile infection but fecal donor selection and screening should be periodically revised. here, we review current recommendations for selection and screening of fecal donors for fecal microbiota transplantation. we recommend considering diabetes mellitus, prior cardiovascular events, and clinical healthcare exposure as fecal donor exclusion criteria until more is known about th ... | 2017 | 28129018 |
| lactulose is associated with decreased risk of clostridium difficile infection in decompensated cirrhosis. | 2017 | 28126426 | |
| [breaking paradigms. intestinal microbiota transplantation: preliminar report]. | in the fourth century, during the chinese dong jin dynasty, the doctor ge hong described good results after the oral administration of a suspension prepared from human faeces in patients with severe diarrhoea or food poisoning. faecal microbiota transplantation has been used for five years in order to treat different diseases in addition to the severe diarrhoea caused by clostridium difficile(1). this paper aims to confirm that intestinal microbiota transplantation succeeds in reducing the negat ... | 2017 | 28126184 |
| profiling living bacteria informs preparation of fecal microbiota transplantations. | fecal microbiota transplantation is a compelling treatment for recurrent clostridium difficile infections, with potential applications against other diseases associated with changes in gut microbiota. but variability in fecal bacterial communities-believed to be the therapeutic agent-can complicate or undermine treatment efficacy. to understand the effects of transplant preparation methods on living fecal microbial communities, we applied a dna-sequencing method (pma-seq) that uses propidium mon ... | 2017 | 28125667 |
| development of a novel vaccine containing binary toxin for the prevention of clostridium difficile disease with enhanced efficacy against nap1 strains. | clostridium difficile infections (cdi) are a leading cause of nosocomial diarrhea in the developed world. the main virulence factors of the bacterium are the large clostridial toxins (lcts), tcda and tcdb, which are largely responsible for the symptoms of the disease. recent outbreaks of cdi have been associated with the emergence of hypervirulent strains, such as nap1/bi/027, many strains of which also produce a third toxin, binary toxin (cdta and cdtb). these hypervirulent strains have been as ... | 2017 | 28125650 |
| genome analysis of clostridium difficile pcr ribotype 014 lineage in australian pigs and humans reveals a diverse genetic repertoire and signatures of long-range interspecies transmission. | clostridium difficile pcr ribotype (rt) 014 is well-established in both human and porcine populations in australia, raising the possibility that c. difficile infection (cdi) may have a zoonotic or foodborne etiology. here, whole genome sequencing and high-resolution core genome phylogenetics were performed on a contemporaneous collection of 40 australian rt014 isolates of human and porcine origin. phylogenies based on mlst (7 loci, sts 2, 13, and 49) and core orthologous genes (1260 loci) showed ... | 2016 | 28123380 |
| is follow-up testing with the filmarray gastrointestinal multiplex pcr panel necessary? | the filmarray gastrointestinal (gi) panel (biofire diagnostics, salt lake city, ut) is a simple, sample-to-answer, on-demand, multiplex, nucleic acid amplification test for syndromic diagnosis of infectious gastroenteritis. the aim of this study was to measure the yield of follow-up testing with filmarray gi panel within 4 weeks of an initial test. consecutive adult and pediatric patients tested at an academic institution between august 2015 and june 2016 were included in this study. of 145 foll ... | 2017 | 28122874 |
| a decade of development of chromogenic culture media for clinical microbiology in an era of molecular diagnostics. | in the last 25 years, chromogenic culture media have found widespread application in diagnostic clinical microbiology. in the last decade, the range of media available to clinical laboratories has expanded greatly, allowing specific detection of additional pathogens, including pseudomonas aeruginosa, group b streptococci, clostridium difficile, campylobacter spp., and yersinia enterocolitica. new media have also been developed to screen for pathogens with acquired antimicrobial resistance, inclu ... | 2017 | 28122803 |
| bezlotoxumab - a new agent for clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28121509 | |
| bezlotoxumab for prevention of recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | background clostridium difficile is the most common cause of infectious diarrhea in hospitalized patients. recurrences are common after antibiotic therapy. actoxumab and bezlotoxumab are human monoclonal antibodies against c. difficile toxins a and b, respectively. methods we conducted two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials, modify i and modify ii, involving 2655 adults receiving oral standard-of-care antibiotics for primary or recurrent c. difficile infection. particip ... | 2017 | 28121498 |
| fidaxomicin for treatment of clostridium difficile infection in clinical practice: a prospective cohort study in a french university hospital. | two randomized controlled trials (rcts) showed the non-inferiority of fidaxomicin compared with vancomycin for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) treatment and its superiority regarding recurrence rate. the aim of this study was to evaluate fidaxomicin's efficacy in clinical practice. | 2017 | 28120176 |
| pseudomembranous collagenous colitis: a case of not-so-microscopic colitis. | we present a 72-year-old male who developed progressive, watery diarrhea despite anti-motility agents. on colonoscopy, the mucosa was inflamed and covered with an exudate. stool studies for clostridium difficile and escherichia coli were negative. biopsies revealed pseudomembranous collagenous colitis, a rare form of microscopic colitis. his symptoms improved dramatically with budesonide therapy. | 2016 | 28119938 |
| prevalence and molecular epidemiology of clostridium difficile infection in thailand. | little is known about clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in asia generally, and specifically in thailand. given the high prevalence of inappropriate antibiotic usage in this region, cdi is likely to be common. this study investigated the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of cdi in thailand. stool specimens collected from inpatients with diarrhoea at siriraj hospital in bangkok (n = 422) were cultured on chromid cdiff agar and any presumptive c. difficile colonies were identified, pcr ribo ... | 2017 | 28119780 |
| salubrinal protects against clostridium difficile toxin b-induced ct26 cell death. | clostridium difficile(c. difficile) is considered to be the major cause of the antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis in animals and humans. the prevalence of c. difficile infections (cdi) has been increasing since 2000. two exotoxins of c. difficile, toxin a (tcda) and toxin b (tcdb), are the main virulence factors of cdi, which can induce glucosylation of rho gtpases in host cytosol, leading to cell morphological changes, cell apoptosis, and cell death. the mechanism of tc ... | 2017 | 28119311 |
| a report of the efforts of the veterans health administration national antimicrobial stewardship initiative. | objective to detail the activities of the veterans health administration (vha) antimicrobial stewardship initiative and evaluate outcomes of the program. design observational analysis. setting the vha is a large integrated healthcare system serving approximately 6 million individuals annually at more than 140 medical facilities. methods utilization of nationally developed resources, proportional distribution of antibiotics, changes in stewardship practices and patient safety measures were report ... | 2017 | 28118861 |
| relevance of indeterminate clostridium difficile screening tests with detectable toxin genes: colonization or c. difficile disease? | 2017 | 28116970 | |
| clostridium difficile infection and patient-specific antimicrobial resistance testing reveals a high metronidazole resistance rate. | clostridium difficile (cd) infection (cdi) causes marked morbidity and mortality, accounting for large healthcare expenditures annually. current cdi treatment guidelines focus on clinical markers of patient severity to determine the preferred antibiotic regimen of metronidazole versus vancomycin. the antimicrobial resistance patterns for patients with cd are currently unknown. | 2017 | 28116592 |
| [gastrointestinal infections]. | infectious diarrhea is one of the most common diseases. this article summarizes the current state of the diagnostics and treatment and includes the most important pathogens, i.e. norovirus, rotavirus, campylobacter, salmonella, shigella and pathogenic escherichia coli. infections caused by toxin-producing strains of clostridium difficile are described in more detail due to the increasing importance. symptomatic therapy is still the most important component of treatment. empirical antibiotic ther ... | 2017 | 28116471 |
| lack of adherence to shea-idsa treatment guidelines for clostridium difficile infection is associated with increased mortality. | the objective of this study was to determine our institution's compliance with 2010 society for healthcare epidemiology of america and idsa clostridium difficile infection (cdi) treatment guidelines and their respective outcomes. | 2017 | 28115504 |
| the clostridium difficile quorum-sensing molecule alters the staphylococcus aureus toxin expression profile. | 2017 | 28111286 | |
| subtyping and antimicrobial susceptibility of clostridium difficile pcr ribotype 078/126 isolates of human and animal origin. | the clostridium difficile pcr ribotype complex 078/126 (rt078/126) is often involved in human disease and is also frequently isolated from diverse animal species. the high genetic relatedness between human and animal rt078/126 isolates found in different regions has encouraged discussion about the zoonotic potential of this lineage. we compared for the first time the genetic diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of human and animal c. difficile rt078/126 isolates from spain. a coll ... | 2017 | 28110780 |
| development of clostridium difficile r20291δpaloc model strains and in vitro methodologies reveals cdtr is required for the production of cdt to cytotoxic levels. | assessing the regulation of clostridium difficile transferase (cdt), is complicated by the presence of a pathogenicity locus (paloc) which encodes toxins a and b. here we developed r20291δpaloc model strains and cell-based assays to quantify cdt-mediated virulence. their application demonstrated that the transcriptional regulator, cdtr, was required for cdt-mediated cytotoxicity. | 2017 | 28108389 |
| c. difficile pcr-ribotype 023 might go undetected when using chromid c. difficile agar. | we compared the performance of the new chromogenic medium chromid c. difficile with that of clo agar. chromid c. difficile agar is a sensitive medium that can accelerate the presumptive identification of c. difficile, however ribotype 023 might go undetected when using this chromogenic medium. | 2017 | 28108388 |
| [efficacy analysis of fecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment of 406 cases with gastrointestinal disorders]. | to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) for gastrointestinal disorders. | 2017 | 28105618 |
| the mexican consensus on probiotics in gastroenterology. | probiotics are frequently prescribed in clinical practice. their efficacy in treating gastrointestinal disorders is supported by a significant number of clinical trials. however, the correct prescription of these agents is hampered due to a lack of knowledge of the scientific evidence and to the different presentations and microbial compositions of the probiotics that are currently available. | 2017 | 28104319 |
| enhanced terminal room disinfection and acquisition and infection caused by multidrug-resistant organisms and clostridium difficile (the benefits of enhanced terminal room disinfection study): a cluster-randomised, multicentre, crossover study. | patients admitted to hospital can acquire multidrug-resistant organisms and clostridium difficile from inadequately disinfected environmental surfaces. we determined the effect of three enhanced strategies for terminal room disinfection (disinfection of a room between occupying patients) on acquisition and infection due to meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, c difficile, and multidrug-resistant acinetobacter. | 2017 | 28104287 |
| cost-effectiveness analysis of five competing strategies for the management of multiple recurrent community-onset clostridium difficile infection in france. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is characterized by high rates of recurrence, resulting in substantial health care costs. the aim of this study was to analyze the cost-effectiveness of treatments for the management of second recurrence of community-onset cdi in france. | 2017 | 28103289 |
| treatment of recurrent clostridium difficile infection using fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. | we recently compared results of fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) in patients with refractory, recurrent clostridium difficile infection (rcdi), with and without underlying inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). here we extend this cohort and analyze outcomes in greater detail by subtype of ibd. we find that fmt is generally effective in breaking the cycle of cdi recurrence, but its effects on overall ibd progression are much less predictable. we discuss several challenges intrinsic to this comp ... | 2017 | 28102756 |
| blowhole colostomy for clostridium difficile-associated toxic megacolon. | we present the case of a 58-year-old man who underwent urgent blowhole colostomy for toxic megacolon (tm) secondary to clostridium difficile infection (cdi). this infection occurred under antibiotic coverage with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, four days after laparoscopic sigmoidectomy in our hospital. although prospective clinical research regarding the surgical management of tm is lacking, decompressive procedures like blowhole colostomy are reported to carry a high risk of postoperative morbidi ... | 2016 | 28097034 |
| a clostridium difficile-specific, gel-forming protein required for optimal spore germination. | clostridium difficile is a gram-positive spore-forming obligate anaerobe that is a leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea worldwide. in order for c. difficile to initiate infection, its aerotolerant spore form must germinate in the gut of mammalian hosts. while almost all spore-forming organisms use transmembrane germinant receptors to trigger germination, c. difficile uses the pseudoprotease cspc to sense bile salt germinants. cspc activates the related subtilisin-like protease cspb, w ... | 2017 | 28096487 |
| streptococcus gordonii-a rare cause of prosthetic joint infection in a total hip replacement. | a 69-year-old female with a history of bilateral total hip replacements presented with rigors, fever and sudden onset left groin pain. a pelvic x-ray showed well-fixed implants. blood results revealed a leucocytosis (white cell count 22.3 × 10(9) l(-1)) and elevated c-reactive protein (211 mg/l). ultrasound-guided aspiration of her left hip grew streptococcus gordonii no source infection could be identified apart from a new chronic sinus infection in a left upper incisor. following a discussion ... | 2017 | 28096320 |
| an evaluation of food as a potential source for clostridium difficile acquisition in hospitalized patients - corrigendum. | 2017 | 28095947 | |
| management of clostridium difficile infection in inflammatory bowel disease: expert review from the clinical practice updates committee of the aga institute. | the purpose of this expert review is to synthesize the existing evidence on the management of clostridium difficile infection in patients with underlying inflammatory bowel disease. the evidence reviewed in this article is a summation of relevant scientific publications, expert opinion statements, and current practice guidelines. this review is a summary of expert opinion in the field without a formal systematic review of evidence. best practice advice 1: clinicians should test patients who pres ... | 2017 | 28093134 |
| mplex: a method for simultaneous pathogen inactivation and extraction of samples for multi-omics profiling. | the continued emergence and spread of infectious agents is of great concern, and systems biology approaches to infectious disease research can advance our understanding of host-pathogen relationships and facilitate the development of new therapies and vaccines. molecular characterization of infectious samples outside of appropriate biosafety containment can take place only subsequent to pathogen inactivation. herein, we describe a modified folch extraction using chloroform/methanol that facilita ... | 2017 | 28091625 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation to fight clostridium difficile infections and other intestinal diseases. | we have analyzed fecal bacterial and viral communities of a patient with recurrent c. difficile infection (rcdi) who was cured by fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt). the "zürich patient" experienced immediate cure and has remained free of symptoms for now over 5 y. donor-similar bacterial compositions after 4.5 y post-fmt demonstrated sustainable engraftment of donor microbiota predominated by bacteroidetes and firmicutes bacteria. appearance of beneficial species faecalibacterium prausnitzi ... | 2016 | 28090385 |
| burden of clostridium difficile infection: associated hospitalization in a cohort of middle-aged and older adults. | clostridium difficile is the principal cause of infectious diarrhea in hospitalized patients. the aim of this study was to describe and compare length of stay (los), costs, and in-hospital deaths for c difficile infection (cdi) and non-cdi hospitalizations, in a cohort of middle-aged and older australians. | 2017 | 28089675 |
| community-onset clostridium difficile infection at a tertiary medical center in southern taiwan, 2007-2015. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is well-known as the major cause of infectious diarrhea in hospitalized patients. community-onset cdi (co-cdi) is an emerging threat. however, clinical information of co-cdi in taiwan remains scarce. | 2016 | 28089100 |
| european consensus conference on faecal microbiota transplantation in clinical practice. | faecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is an important therapeutic option for clostridium difficile infection. promising findings suggest that fmt may play a role also in the management of other disorders associated with the alteration of gut microbiota. although the health community is assessing fmt with renewed interest and patients are becoming more aware, there are technical and logistical issues in establishing such a non-standardised treatment into the clinical practice with safety and pr ... | 2017 | 28087657 |
| transrectal mesh erosion requiring bowel resection. | to report a case of a transrectal mesh erosion as complication of laparoscopic promontofixation with mesh repair, necessitating bowel resection and subsequent surgical interventions. | 2017 | 28087481 |
| clostridium difficile rates in asymptomatic and symptomatic hospitalized patients using nucleic acid testing. | the clostridium difficile rate in symptomatic patients represents both those with c. difficile infection (cdi) and those with colonization. to predict the extent of cdi overdiagnosis, we compared the asymptomatic colonization rate to the symptomatic positivity rate in hospitalized patients using nucleic acid testing. | 2017 | 28087170 |
| c. difficile infection extends hospital stay for ventilated patients. | patients on prolonged, acute mechanical ventilation have a higher risk of clostridium difficile -associated disease than other hospital patients. concurrent c. difficile infection is associated with longer hospital stay and costs. | 2009 | 28086665 |
| effectiveness of probiotics in reducing the incidence of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in elderly patients: a systematic review. | clostridium difficile bacteria are a leading cause of infectious diarrhea. this is an anaerobic, gram-positive and spore-forming rod responsible for significant morbidity and mortality, especially among elderly hospitalized patients. standard management of c. difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) consists of discontinuing a causative antibiotic, correcting fluid-electrolytes imbalance and initiating an antibiotic treatment for cdad. alternative approaches for prevention of cdad include probiotics ... | 2017 | 28085732 |
| diagnostic and therapeutic considerations for oncology patients with clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28084885 | |
| clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in the oncology patient. | clostridium difficile is the most common cause of nosocomial diarrhea, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. oncology patients are particularly at risk of this infection secondary to frequent exposure to known risk factors. in a population in which diarrhea is a common adverse effect of chemotherapeutic regimens, diagnosis can be challenging secondary to current limitations in testing to differentiate between colonization and active infection. although severa ... | 2017 | 28084880 |
| clostridium difficile and the consequences of progress. | 2017 | 28084877 |