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simultaneous irradiation with different wavelengths of ultraviolet light has synergistic bactericidal effect on vibrio parahaemolyticus.ultraviolet (uv) irradiation is an increasingly used method of water disinfection. uv rays can be classified by wavelength into uva (320-400 nm), uvb (280-320 nm), and uvc (<280 nm). we previously developed uva sterilization equipment with a uva light-emitting diode (led). the aim of this study was to establish a new water disinfection procedure using the combined irradiation of the uva-led and another uv wavelength. an oxidative dna product, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-ohdg), increased after ...201425041035
iron shortage and bile salts play a major role in the expression of ompk gene in vibrio anguillarum.the outer membrane protein k, ompk first identified in vibrio parahaemolyticus has been shown to be a receptor for a broad host range vibriophage kvp40 infecting members of the vibrionaceae. in the study, the effect of culture conditions on the expression of ompk in v. anguillarum was studied using real-time pcr. the expression increased significantly in the presence of bile salts and iron chelating agent 2, 2' bipyridine, suggesting a role for this protein in bile resistance and also in iron ac ...201425033659
occurrence of virulence genes among vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus strains from treated wastewaters.pathogenic vibrio species are an important cause of foodborne illnesses. the aim of this study was to describe the occurrence of potentially pathogenic vibrio species in the final effluents of a wastewater treatment plant and the risk that they may pose to public health. during the 1-year monitoring, a total of 43 vibrio strains were isolated: 23 vibrio alginolyticus, 1 vibrio cholerae, 4 vibrio vulnificus, and 15 vibrio parahaemolyticus. the pcr investigation of v. parahaemolyticus and v. chole ...201425023745
the possible use of v. parahaemolyticus - specific bacteriophages for prevention and therapy of infections caused by v. parahaemolyticus.vibrio parahaemolyticus is the most common halophilic vibrio species causing serious gastroenteritis in humans. the main source of infection is consumption of undercooked or raw seafood or exposure to contaminated water. the monitoring conducted in 2006-2008 demonstrated that warm, subtropical climate and low- to moderate salinity of water in the black sea coastal zone provides a favorable environment for growth and spread of v. parahaemolyticus bacteria. antibiotics are commonly applied for con ...201425020179
toll-like receptor of mud crab, scylla serrata: molecular characterisation, ontogeny and functional expression analysis following ligand exposure, and bacterial and viral infections.toll-like receptors are sentinels of innate immune system, which recognise pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and subsequently activate production of antimicrobial peptides to contain the infection. in the present study, we cloned and characterised a toll gene from scylla serrata (sstoll) encoding 1005 amino acids with typical toll-like receptor domain topology. phylogenetic analysis revealed that it belongs to insect-type invertebrate toll family showing 100 % identity with scylla paramamo ...201425012916
the effect of storage time on vibrio spp. and fecal indicator bacteria in an isco autosampler.monitoring concentrations of bacterial pathogens and indicators of fecal contamination in coastal and estuarine ecosystems is critical to reduce adverse effects to public health. during storm events, particularly hurricanes, floods, nor'easters, and tropical cyclones, sampling of coastal and estuarine waters is not generally possible due to safety concerns. it is particularly important to monitor waters during these periods as it is at precisely these times that pathogenic bacteria such as vibri ...201425008356
[difference of three standard curves of real-time reverse-transcriptase pcr in viable vibrio parahaemolyticus quantification].we evaluated the difference of three standard curves in quantifying viable vibrio parahaemolyticus in samples by real-time reverse-transcriptase pcr (real-time rt-pcr).201425007650
risk factors for sporadic vibrio parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis in east china: a matched case-control study.summary to determine risk factors for sporadic vibrio parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis, we conducted a population-based case-control study in sentinel hospital surveillance areas of shanghai and jiangsu province, china. seventy-one patients with diarrhoea and confirmed v. parahaemolyticus infections were enrolled, and they were matched with 142 controls for gender, age and residential area. from the multivariable analysis, v. parahaemolyticus infections were associated with antibiotics taken dur ...201524992005
most-probable-number loop-mediated isothermal amplification-based procedure enhanced with k antigen-specific immunomagnetic separation for quantifying tdh(+) vibrio parahaemolyticus in molluscan shellfish.although thermostable direct hemolysin-producing (tdh(+)) vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of seafood-borne gastroenteritis, the enumeration of tdh(+) v. parahaemolyticus remains challenging due to its low densities in the environment. in this study, we developed a most-probable-number (mpn)-based procedure designated a-is(1)-lamp, in which an immunomagnetic separation (ims) technique targeting as many as 69 established k antigens and a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) a ...201424988012
seasonal abundance of total and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from american oysters harvested in the mandinga lagoon system, veracruz, mexico: implications for food safety.the abundance of total and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus (vp) strains in american oysters (crassostrea virginica) harvested in two different harvest sites from the mandinga lagoon system was evaluated monthly for 1 year (january through december 2012). frequencies of species-specific genes and pathogenic genes exhibited a seasonal distribution. the annual occurrence of vp with the species-specific tlh gene (tlh(+)) was significantly higher during the winter windy season (32.50%) and spring ...201424988011
h-ns regulates the vibrio parahaemolyticus type vi secretion system 1.the marine bacterium vibrio parahaemolyticus, a major cause of food-borne gastroenteritis, employs a type vi secretion system 1 (t6ss1), a recently discovered protein secretion system, to combat competing bacteria. environmental signals such as temperature, salinity, cell density and surface sensing, as well as the quorum-sensing master regulator opar, were previously reported to regulate t6ss1 activity and expression. in this work, we set out to identify additional transcription regulators that ...201424987102
development of a colony hybridization method for the enumeration of total and potentially enteropathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus in shellfish.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a marine microorganism, recognized as cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks associated with seafood consumption. in this study the development and the in-house validation of a colony hybridization method for the enumeration of total and potentially pathogenic v. parahaemolyticus is reported. the method included a set of three controls (process, hybridization and detection control) for the full monitoring of the analytical procedure. four digoxigenin-labeled probes were de ...201424984219
occurrence of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus in retail raw oysters from the eastern coast of thailand.occurrence, population density and virulence of vibrio parahaemolyticus and v. vulnificus in 240 retail raw oysters collected monthly between march 2010 and february 2011 from ang sila coast, chon buri province, thailand were determined using most probable number (mpn) multiplex pcr. multiplex pcr detected v. parahaemolyticus in 219 raw oyster samples, of which 29 samples contained the virulence tdh. mpn values for v. parahaemolyticus and pathogenic strains in most samples ranged from 10 to 10(2 ...201424974651
draft genome sequence of trh+ vibrio parahaemolyticus vp-49, isolated from seafood harvested along the mangalore coast, india.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a seafood-borne pathogen autochthonous to the marine and estuarine ecosystem, which is responsible for gastroenteritis due to the consumption of contaminated raw seafood. here, we report the draft genome sequence of v. parahaemolyticus vp-49, isolated from seafood, to identify the different virulence attributes and to study the mechanisms that enhance its environmental fitness.201424970827
modelling and mutational analysis of aspergillus nidulans urea, a member of the subfamily of urea/h⁺ transporters in fungi and plants.we present the first account of the structure-function relationships of a protein of the subfamily of urea/h(+) membrane transporters of fungi and plants, using aspergillus nidulans urea as a study model. based on the crystal structures of the vibrio parahaemolyticus sodium/galactose symporter (vsglt) and of the nucleobase-cation-symport-1 benzylhydantoin transporter from microbacterium liquefaciens (mhp1), we constructed a three-dimensional model of urea which, combined with site-directed and c ...201424966243
development and evaluation of a real-time fluorogenic loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay integrated on a microfluidic disc chip (on-chip lamp) for rapid and simultaneous detection of ten pathogenic bacteria in aquatic animals.rapid, low-cost, and user-friendly strategies are urgently needed for early disease diagnosis and timely treatment, particularly for on-site screening of pathogens in aquaculture. in this study, we successfully developed a real-time fluorogenic loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay integrated on a microfluidic disc chip (on-chip lamp), which was capable of simultaneously detecting 10 pathogenic bacteria in aquatic animals, i.e., nocardia seriolae, pseudomonas putida, streptococcus iniae, ...201424954661
γ-hydroxynitrile glucosides from the seeds of prinsepia utilis.γ-hydroxynitrile glucosides (prinsepicyanosides a-e) were isolated alongside 11 known compounds from seeds of prinsepia utilis royle. their structures were determined by detailed analysis of nmr and ms spectroscopic data. the relative configuration of prinsepicyanoside c was established by cu-kα x-ray crystallography. prinsepicyanoside a, osmaronin, and 4-(hydroxylmethyl)-5h-furan-2-one exhibited borderline antibacterial activity against salmonella gallinarum, vibrio parahaemolyticus, and vibrio ...201424952469
occurrence of vibrio and salmonella species in mussels (mytilus galloprovincialis) collected along the moroccan atlantic coast.this study reports the occurrence of different vibrio and salmonella species in 52 samples of mytilus galloprovincialis collected from four sites along the atlantic coast between agadir and essaouira (anza, cap ghir, imssouane and essaouira). the level of escherichia coli (e. coli) was also determined to evaluate the degree of microbial pollution in the investigated areas. in this study three methods were used : afnor nf en iso 6579 v08-013 for salmonella spp., the provisional method routinely u ...201424936389
alternative sigma factor rpoe is important for vibrio parahaemolyticus cell envelope stress response and intestinal colonization.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a halophile that inhabits brackish waters and a wide range of hosts, including crustaceans, fish, mollusks, and humans. in humans, it is the leading cause of bacterial seafood-borne gastroenteritis. the focus of this work was to determine the role of alternative sigma factors in the stress response of v. parahaemolyticus rimd2210633, an o3:k6 pandemic isolate. bioinformatics identified five putative extracytoplasmic function (ecf) family of alternative sigma factors: v ...201424935982
high prevalence of toxin producing enteropathogenic vibrios among estuarine crab in ganges delta of west bengal, india. 201424927645
dietary effect of sargassum wightii fucoidan to enhance growth, prophenoloxidase gene expression of penaeus monodon and immune resistance to vibrio parahaemolyticus.the polysaccharide fucoidan from brown seaweed sargassum wightii was extracted and it was incorporated with pellet diets at three concentrations (0.1, 0.2 & 0.3%). the fucoidan incorporated diets were fed to shrimp penaeus monodon for 60 days and the growth performance was assessed. the weight gain and sgr of control group was 6.83 g and 9.72%, respectively, but the weight gain and sgr of various concentrations (0.1-0.3%) of fucoidan incorporated diets fed groups of shrimp was increased from 7.3 ...201424925762
multiplex real-time pcr assay for detection of pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus strains.foodborne disease caused by pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus has become a serious public health problem in many countries. rapid diagnosis and the identification of pathogenic v. parahaemolyticus are very important in the context of public health. in this study, an evagreen-based multiplex real-time pcr assay was established for the detection of pathogenic v. parahaemolyticus. this assay targeted three genetic markers of v. parahaemolyticus (species-specific gene toxr and virulence genes tdh a ...201424924797
innate immune sensing of bacterial modifications of rho gtpases by the pyrin inflammasome.cytosolic inflammasome complexes mediated by a pattern recognition receptor (prr) defend against pathogen infection by activating caspase 1. pyrin, a candidate prr, can bind to the inflammasome adaptor asc to form a caspase 1-activating complex. mutations in the pyrin-encoding gene, mefv, cause a human autoinflammatory disease known as familial mediterranean fever. despite important roles in immunity and disease, the physiological function of pyrin remains unknown. here we show that pyrin mediat ...201424919149
sequence and expression divergence of an ancient duplication of the chaperonin groesel operon in vibrio species.heat-shock proteins are molecular chaperones essential for protein folding, degradation and trafficking. the human pathogen vibrio vulnificus encodes a copy of the groesel operon in both chromosomes and these genes share <80 % similarity with each other. comparative genomic analysis was used to determine whether this duplication is prevalent among vibrionaceae specifically or gammaproteobacteria in general. among the vibrionaceae complete genome sequences in the database (31 species), seven vibr ...201424913685
visualized analysis of cellular fatty acid profiles of vibrio parahaemolyticus strains under cold stress.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a common foodborne bacterial pathogen, which survives in cold environments and is sometimes difficult to culture. fatty acid analysis under cold stress was conducted for several v. parahaemolyticus strains using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and the results were compared with those of the controls. all the fatty acid profiles obtained were visualized by multidimensional scaling (mds) and self-organized map (som). it was observed that the fatty acid profiles of ...201424910303
the effects of storage temperature on the growth of vibrio parahaemolyticus and organoleptic properties in oysters.during harvesting and storage, microbial pathogens and natural spoilage flora may grow, negatively affecting the composition and texture of oysters and posing a potential health threat to susceptible consumers. a solution to these problems would mitigate associated damaging effects on the seafood industry. the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of storage temperature on growth of vibrios as well as other microbial, sensory, and textural characteristics of post-harvest shellstoc ...201424904911
proteome profile of a pandemic vibrio parahaemolyticus sc192 strain in the planktonic and biofilm condition.vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the leading causative agents of foodborne diseases in humans. in this study, the proteome profiles of the pandemic strain v. parahaemolyticus sc192 belonging to the o3:k6 serovar during the planktonic and biofilm stages were analyzed by two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. this non-gel-based multidimensional protein identification technology approach identified 45.5% of the proteome in the reference genome v. parahaemolyticu ...201424856245
impact of hurricane irene on vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus concentrations in surface water, sediment, and cultured oysters in the chesapeake bay, md, usa.to determine if a storm event (i.e., high winds, large volumes of precipitation) could alter concentrations of vibrio vulnificus and v. parahaemolyticus in aquacultured oysters (crassostrea virginica) and associated surface water and sediment, this study followed a sampling timeline before and after hurricane irene impacted the chesapeake bay estuary in late august 2011. aquacultured oysters were sampled from two levels in the water column: surface (0.3 m) and near-bottom (just above the sedimen ...201424847319
a novel whole genome amplification method using type iis restriction enzymes to create overhangs with random sequences.ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction (lm-pcr) is a whole genome amplification (wga) method, for which genomic dna is cleaved into numerous fragments and then all of the fragments are amplified by pcr after attaching a universal end sequence. however, the self-ligation of these fragments could happen and may cause biased amplification and restriction of its application. to decrease the self-ligation probability, here we use type iis restriction enzymes to digest genomic dna into fragments ...201424833422
comparison of maldi-tof ms, gene sequencing and the vitek 2 for identification of seventy-three clinical isolates of enteropathogens.this study was performed to evaluate the analytical and practical performance of the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) compared to the sequencing method and the vitek 2 system for identification of enteropathogens in the clinical microbiology laboratory.201424822116
detection and quantification of vibrio parahaemolyticus in shellfish from italian production areas.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a marine microorganism, recognized as an important cause of foodborne illness particularly in asia, south america and united states. outbreaks are rarely reported in europe, but they can occur unexpectedly in relation, among other reasons, to the spread of highly virulent strains. it is known that the risk is proportional to exposure levels to pathogenic v. parahaemolyticus (i.e. carrying the tdh and/or the trh genes) but currently there is a lack of occurrence data fo ...201424810197
suitability of the molecular subtyping methods intergenic spacer region, direct genome restriction analysis, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for clinical and environmental vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates.vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of infectious illness associated with seafood consumption in the united states. molecular fingerprinting of strains has become a valuable research tool for understanding this pathogen. however, there are many subtyping methods available and little information on how they compare to one another. for this study, a collection of 67 oyster and 77 clinical v. parahaemolyticus isolates were analyzed by three subtyping methods--intergenic spacer region (isr- ...201424799175
cloning and characterization of two different l-type lectin genes from the chinese mitten crab eriocheir sinensis.l-type lectins contain a leguminous lectin domain and bind to high-mannose type oligosaccharides. in the secretory pathway, l-type lectins play crucial functions in the trafficking, sorting, and targeting of maturing glycoproteins. this study identified two novel l-type lectins, designated as esergic-53 and esvip36, from the chinese mitten crab eriocheir sinensis. the complete nucleotide sequence of ergic-53 cdna was 1955 bp, containing a 1506 bp open reading frame (orf) encoding a putative prot ...201424796868
a multiplex pcr assay for simultaneous detection of escherichia coli o157:h7, bacillus cereus, vibrio parahaemolyticus, salmonella spp., listeria monocytogenes, and staphylococcus aureus in korean ready-to-eat food.a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed for simultaneous detection of escherichia coli o157:h7, bacillus cereus, vibrio parahaemolyticus, salmonella spp., listeria monocytogenes, and staphylococcus aureus in various korean ready-to-eat foods. the six specific primer pairs for multiplex pcr were selected based on the o157 antigen (rfbe) gene of e. coli o157:h7, the dna gyrase subunit b (gyrb) gene of b. cereus, the toxin regulatory protein (toxr) gene of v. parahaemolyticu ...201424796416
identification of a c-type lectin with antiviral and antibacterial activity from pacific white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei.c-type lectins (ctls) play crucial roles in innate immune responses in invertebrates by recognizing and eliminating microinvaders. in this study, a ctl from pacific white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei (lvctl3) was identified. lvctl3 contains a single c-type lectin-like domain (ctld), which shows similarities to those of other shrimp ctls and has a mutated 'epd' motif in ca(2+)-binding site 2. lvctl3 mrna can be detected in all tested tissues and expression of lvctl3 in gills was up-regulated after ...201424792214
a quantitative risk assessment model for vibrio parahaemolyticus in raw oysters in sao paulo state, brazil.a risk assessment of vibrio parahaemolyticus associated with raw oysters produced and consumed in são paulo state was developed. the model was built according to the united states food and drug administration framework for risk assessment. the outcome of the exposure assessment estimated the prevalence and density of pathogenic v. parahaemolyticus in raw oysters from harvest to consumption. the result of the exposure step was combined with a beta-poisson dose-response model to estimate the proba ...201424786920
trends in the epidemiology of pandemic and non-pandemic strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from diarrheal patients in kolkata, india.a total of 178 strains of v. parahaemolyticus isolated from 13,607 acute diarrheal patients admitted in the infectious diseases hospital, kolkata has been examined for serovar prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic traits with reference to virulence, and clonal lineages. clinical symptoms and stool characteristics of v. parahaemolyticus infected patients were analyzed for their specific traits. the frequency of pandemic strains was 68%, as confirmed by group-specific pcr (gs-pcr). ...201424786538
the focal complex of epithelial cells provides a signalling platform for interleukin-8 induction in response to bacterial pathogens.bacterial pathogens can induce an inflammatory response from epithelial tissues due to secretion of the pro-inflammatory chemokine interleukin-8 (il-8). many bacterial pathogens manipulate components of the focal complex (fc) to induce signalling events in host cells. we examined the interaction of several bacterial pathogens with host cells, including campylobacter jejuni, to determine if the fc is required for induction of chemokine signalling in response to bacterial pathogens. our data indic ...201424779413
surface expression of protein a on magnetosomes and capture of pathogenic bacteria by magnetosome/antibody complexes.magnetosomes are membrane-enclosed magnetite nanocrystals synthesized by magnetotactic bacteria (mtb). they display chemical purity, narrow size ranges, and species-specific crystal morphologies. specific transmembrane proteins are sorted to the magnetosome membrane (mm). mamc is the most abundant mm protein of magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense strain msr-1. mamf is the second most abundant mm protein of msr-1 and forms stable oligomers. we expressed staphylococcal protein a (spa), an immunoglobu ...201424765089
plasmid-related quinolone resistance determinants in epidemic vibrio parahaemolyticus, uropathogenic escherichia coli, and marine bacteria from an aquaculture area in chile.marine bacteria from aquaculture areas with industrial use of quinolones have the potential to pass quinolone resistance genes to animal and human pathogens. the vpa0095 gene, related to the quinolone resistance determinant qnra, from clinical isolates of epidemic vibrio parahaemolyticus conferred reduced susceptibility to quinolone after cloning into escherichia coli k-12 either when acting alone or synergistically with dna gyrase mutations. in addition, a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance ...201424760167
specific detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus by fluorescence quenching immunoassay based on quantum dots.in this study, anti-vibrio parahaemolyticus polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were prepared through intradermal injection immune and lymphocyte hybridoma technique respectively. cdte quantum dots (qds) were synthesized at ph 9.3, 98 °c for 1 h with stabilizer of 2.7:1. the fluorescence intensity was 586.499, and the yield was 62.43%. qd probes were successfully prepared under the optimized conditions of ph 7.4, 37 °c for 1 h, 250 μl of 50 mg/ml edc · hcl, 150 μl of 4 mg/ml nhs, buffer system ...201424756606
increase in vibrio parahaemolyticus infections associated with consumption of atlantic coast shellfish--2013.vibrio parahaemolyticus (vp) is found naturally in coastal saltwater. in the united states, vp causes an estimated 35,000 domestically acquired foodborne infections annually, of which most are attributable to consumption of raw or undercooked shellfish. illness typically consists of mild to moderate gastroenteritis, although severe infection can occur. demographic, clinical, and exposure information (including traceback information on implicated seafood) for all laboratory-confirmed illnesses ar ...201424739344
multiplex pcr assays for the detection of vibrio alginolyticus, vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio vulnificus, and vibrio cholerae with an internal amplification control.a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay that can simultaneously detect 4 major vibrio spp., vibrio alginolyticus, vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio vulnificus, and vibrio cholerae, in the presence of an internal amplification control (iac) was developed. species-specific pcr primers were designed based on the gyrb gene for v. alginolyticus, the collagenase gene for v. parahaemolyticus, the vvha gene for v. vulnificus, and the ompw gene for v. cholerae. additionally, an iac primer pair wa ...201424731836
fate of vibrio parahaemolyticus on shrimp after acidic electrolyzed water treatment.the objective of this study was to investigate the fate of vibrio parahaemolyticus on shrimp after acidic electrolyzed water (aew) treatment during storage. shrimp, inoculated with a cocktail of four strains of v. parahaemolyticus, were stored at different temperatures (4-30 °c) after aew treatment. experimental data were fitted to modified gompertz and log-linear models. the fate of v. parahaemolyticus was determined based on the growth and survival kinetics parameters (lag time, λ; the maximum ...201424727382
draft genome sequences of six strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from early mortality syndrome/acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease shrimp in thailand.some strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus cause acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (ahpnd) in shrimp. we sequenced 3 ahpnd and 3 non-ahpnd strains and found that all of them lacked the pathogenicity island relevant to human infection. a unique sequence encoding a type iv pilus/type iv secretion system was found in 3 ahpnd strains.201424723705
[analysis of molecular features of clinical vibrio parahaemolyticus strains in china].to explore the phenetic and genetic features of clinical vibrio parahaemolyticus strains from 2007-2009 in china.201424713290
a two-tube multiplex reverse transcription pcr assay for simultaneous detection of viral and bacterial pathogens of infectious diarrhea.diarrhea caused by viral and bacterial infections is a major health problem in developing countries. the purpose of this study is to develop a two-tube multiplex pcr assay using automatic electrophoresis for simultaneous detection of 13 diarrhea-causative viruses or bacteria, with an intended application in provincial centers for diseases control and prevention, china. the assay was designed to detect rotavirus a, norovirus genogroups gi and gii, human astrovirus, enteric adenoviruses, and human ...201424711998
characterization of putative toxin/antitoxin systems in vibrio parahaemolyticus.to obtain more information about the toxin/antitoxin (ta) systems in the vibrio genus and also to examine their involvement in the induction of a viable but nonculturable (vbnc) state, we searched homologues of the escherichia coli ta systems in the vibrio parahaemolyticus genome.201424698443
prevalence of urease in vibrio parahaemolyticus from the mississippi sound.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a pathogenic marine bacterium that causes food-borne gastroenteritis and, less commonly, wound infections. as is the case for many pathogens, all v. parahaemolyticus strains possess at least one erythrocyte-lysing haemolysin. in addition, many v. parahaemolyticus also possess the enzyme urease. we tested 206 environmental v. parahaemolyticus isolates from mississippi coastal waters for urease and haemolytic activity using urea agar with added salt and wagatsuma agar, r ...201424698333
characterization of antimicrobial resistance of vibrio parahaemolyticus from cultured sea cucumbers (apostichopus japonicas).this study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance and molecular resistance mechanisms of 87 vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from cultured sea cucumbers (apostichopus japonicus). the results showed that all isolates were resistant to ampicillin and cephazolin, fewer of them were resistant to streptomycin (43·7%), cefuroxime sodium (18·4%), tetracycline (4·6%), sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (2·3%) and four quinolones (2·3%). more than half (56·2%) of the isolates displayed multiple r ...201424684348
vibrio parahaemolyticus and its specific bacteriophages as an indicator in cockles (anadara granosa) for the risk of v. parahaemolyticus infection in southern thailand.correlation between the numbers of vibrio parahaemolyticus and its specific bacteriophages in cockles was investigated from june 2009 to may 2010 in hat yai, songkhla, thailand. cockles obtained monthly from a local market were sampled to determine the numbers of v. parahaemolyticus and bacteriophages that could form plaques on ten strains of pandemic and nonpandemic v. parahaemolyticus. in addition, v. parahaemolyticus isolates from clinical samples from hat yai hospital over the same period we ...201424682339
pandemic vibrio parahaemolyticus, maryland, usa, 2012. 201424655659
vibrio parahaemolyticus, southern coastal region of china, 2007-2012.we analyzed the prevalence and characteristics of vibrio parahaemolyticus among patients with acute infectious diarrhea in the southern coastal region of china. v. parahaemolyticus was the leading cause of bacterial infectious diarrhea in this region during 2007-2012. serotype o3:k6 strains were most common, followed by serotypes o4:k8 and o3:k29.201424655369
liposome-encapsulated cinnamaldehyde enhances zebrafish (danio rerio) immunity and survival when challenged with vibrio vulnificus and streptococcus agalactiae.cinnamaldehyde, which is extracted from cinnamon, is a natural compound with activity against bacteria and a modulatory immune function. however, the antibacterial activity and immunostimulation of cinnamaldehyde in fish has not been well investigated due to the compound's poor water solubility. thus, liposome-encapsulated cinnamaldehyde (lec) was used to evaluate the effects of cinnamaldehyde on in vitro antibacterial activity against aquatic pathogens and in vivo immunity and protection parame ...201424632045
complete genome sequence of vibrio parahaemolyticus environmental strain ucm-v493.vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading bacterial cause of seafood-related gastroenteritis in the world. here, we report the complete genome sequence and annotation of an environmental strain of v. parahaemolyticus, ucm-v493, with the aim of understanding the differences between the clinical and environmental isolates of the bacteria. we also make some preliminary sequence comparisons with the clinical strain rimd2210633.201424625868
overexpression of vmetuv encoding a multidrug efflux transporter of vibrio parahaemolyticus causes bile acid resistance.we isolated deoxycholate-resistant mutants from vibrio parahaemolyticus rtm34, which lacks four multidrug efflux transporters belonging to the resistance nodulation cell division (rnd) family. rtm34 showed sensitivity to many antimicrobial agents such as cholate and deoxycholate. deoxycholate-resistant mutants from rtm34 have elevated resistance to not only deoxycholate, but also antibiotics, disinfectants, and dyes. rt-pcr analysis revealed that the expression of vmev, which encodes an rnd-type ...201424613752
population analysis of vibrio parahaemolyticus originating from different geographical regions demonstrates a high genetic diversity.vibrio parahaemolyticus is frequently isolated from environmental and seafood samples and associated with gastroenteritis outbreakes in american, european, asian and african countries. to distinguish between different lineages of v. parahaemolyticus various genotyping techniques have been used, incl. multilocus sequence typing (mlst). even though some studies have already applied mlst analysis to characterize v. parahaemolyticus strain sets, these studies have been restricted to specific geograp ...201424606756
identification of vpa0451 as the specific chaperone for the vibrio parahaemolyticus chromosome 1 type iii-secreted effector vpa0450.vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important cause of gastroenteritis resulting from the consumption of raw or undercooked shellfish. the v. parahaemolyticus genome revealed the presence of two type iii secretion systems (t3ss); one on each of the two chromosomes. to date, four effectors have been identified as secreted by the chromosome 1 t3ss (t3ss1). for some effectors, efficient secretion requires a cytosolic chaperone that is often encoded in close proximity to its cognate effector. in this stud ...201424606036
draft genome sequence of vibrio parahaemolyticus strain m0605, which causes severe mortalities of shrimps in mexico.acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (ahpnd), also known as early mortality syndrome (ems), causes high mortalities in cultured shrimps in asia (l. tran et al., dis. aquat. organ. 105:45-55, 2013, http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao02621). here, we report the draft genome sequence of one mexican strain of vibrio parahaemolyticus that causes similar clinical signs in diseased shrimps.201424604636
disease-outcome trees, eq-5d scores, and estimated annual losses of quality-adjusted life years (qalys) for 14 foodborne pathogens in the united states.measures of disease burden such as quality-adjusted life years (qalys) are increasingly important to risk-based food safety policy. they provide a means of comparing relative risk from diverse health outcomes. we present detailed disease-outcome trees and eq-5d scoring for 14 major foodborne pathogens representing over 95% of foodborne illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths due to specified agents in the united states (campylobacter spp., clostridium perfringens, cryptosporidium parvum, cyclosp ...201424588853
antimicrobial susceptibility of vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus recovered from recreational and commercial areas of chesapeake bay and maryland coastal bays.vibrio vulnificus and v. parahaemolyticus in the estuarine-marine environment are of human health significance and may be increasing in pathogenicity and abundance. vibrio illness originating from dermal contact with vibrio laden waters or through ingestion of seafood originating from such waters can cause deleterious health effects, particularly if the strains involved are resistant to clinically important antibiotics. the purpose of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility among ...201424586914
molecular cloning and characterization of the lipopolysaccharide and β-1,3-glucan binding protein from oriental river prawn, macrobrachium nipponense.the lipopolysaccharide and β-1,3-glucan binding protein (lgbp), one of the pattern recognition proteins, plays an important role in the innate immune response of invertebrates. a 1,506 bp full-length cdna of a lgbp gene was cloned and characterized from the oriental river prawn macrobrachium nipponense (named as mnlgbp). analysis of the nucleotide sequence revealed that the cdna clone has an open reading frame of 1,119 bp, encoding a protein of 372 amino acids including a 21-aa signal peptide. t ...201424584659
molecular diversity and predictability of vibrio parahaemolyticus along the georgian coastal zone of the black sea.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a leading cause of seafood-related gastroenteritis and is also an autochthonous member of marine and estuarine environments worldwide. one-hundred seventy strains of v. parahaemolyticus were isolated from water and plankton samples collected along the georgian coast of the black sea during 28 months of sample collection. all isolated strains were tested for presence of tlh, trh, and tdh. a subset of strains were serotyped and tested for additional factors and markers o ...201424575085
occurrence and distribution of vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus--potential roles for fish, oyster, sediment and water.vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus are gram-negative marine bacteria naturally found in estuaries such as the gulf of mexico and can be pathogenic to humans. we quantified both of these organisms in fish, oyster, sediment, and water using culture-independent (quantitative pcr; qpcr) and culture-dependent (direct plating-colony hybridization; dp-ch) techniques during the transition period between winter and spring. we correlated these levels to environmental conditions and to abundance ...201424571291
function of two novel single-crd containing c-type lectins in innate immunity from eriocheir sinensis.c-type lectin is one of the pattern-recognition proteins of the non-self-innate immune system in invertebrates. in this study, two novel c-type lectin cdnas (esctl1 and esctl2) of eriocheir sinensis were cloned and characterized. esctl1 has 169 amino acids, whereas esctl2 has 164 amino acids. these two lectins contain one carbohydrate-recognition domain. phylogenetic analysis showed that esctl1 and esctl2 were not clustered with other reported lectins from crabs. esctl1 and esctl2 were expressed ...201424561128
bacteriophage therapy of a vibrio parahaemolyticus infection caused by a multiple-antibiotic-resistant o3:k6 pandemic clinical strain.recently isolated vibrio parahaemolyticus strains have displayed multiple antibiotic resistance. alternatives to conventional antibiotics are needed, especially for the multiple-antibiotic-resistant v. parahaemolyticus pandemic strain.201424558119
biological characteristics and probiotic effect of leuconostoc lactis strain isolated from the intestine of black porgy fish.a strain of lactic acid bacteria, leuconostoc lactis, was isolated from the intestinal tract of black porgy, sparus macrocephalus, and identified by conventional biochemical characteristics and 16s rdna gene sequence analysis. the isolated strain had the ability of bile tolerance and resistance to low ph, and survived well in the trypsinase and pepsin solution. but the highly concentrated dose of trypsinase and pepsin affect the viability of the isolated strain. the isolate was resistant to seve ...201324516418
genotype to phenotype: identification of diagnostic vibrio phenotypes using whole genome sequences.vibrios are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment and can be found in association with animal or plant hosts. the range of ecological relationships includes pathogenic and mutualistic associations. to gain a better understanding of the ecology of these microbes, it is important to determine their phenotypic features. however, the traditional phenotypic characterization of vibrios has been expensive, time-consuming and restricted in scope to a limited number of features. in addition, most of the ...201424505074
multiplex pcr (polymerase chain reaction) assay for detection of e. coli o157:h7, salmonella sp., vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus in spiked shrimps (penaeus monodon).the coastal aquaculture mainly shrimps constitute major export sector in bangladesh and is increasingly shaped by international trade conditions and by national responses to those stringent quality and safety standards. pcr based validated methods for detection of major bacterial pathogens in shrimp might be very useful tool for ensuring quality and safety standards of exportable shrimps. the objective of this study was to evaluate overall performance (sensitivity and specificity) of the multipl ...201324498789
antimicrobial function of shβap, a novel hemoglobin β chain-related antimicrobial peptide, isolated from the liver of skipjack tuna, katsuwonus pelamis.a 2.3 kda of antimicrobial peptide was purified from an acidified liver extract of skipjack tuna, katsuwonus pelamis, by preparative acid-urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and c18 reversed-phase hplc. a comparison of the amino acid sequence of the purified peptide with those of other known polypeptides revealed high homology with the c-terminus of hemoglobin β-chain; thus, this peptide was designated as the skipjack hemoglobin β chain-related antimicrobial peptide (shβap). shβap showed pot ...201424495783
high-salt preadaptation of vibrio parahaemolyticus enhances survival in response to lethal environmental stresses.adaptation to changing environmental conditions is an important strategy for survival of foodborne bacterial pathogens. vibrio parahaemolyticus is a gram-negative seafoodborne enteric pathogen found in the marine environment both free living and associated with oysters. this pathogen is a moderate halophile, with optimal growth at 3% nacl. among the several stresses imposed upon enteric bacteria, acid stress is perhaps one of the most important. v. parahaemolyticus has a lysine decarboxylase sys ...201424490918
isolation and identification of vibrio parahaemolyticus from seawater and sediment samples in the southern coast of the caspian sea.the objectives of this study were to investigate the occurrence of vibrio parahaemolyticus in the seawater and its sediment by molecular techniques and conventional microbiological methods. of 300 samples analyzed, 20.3 % was recorded positive for v. parahaemolyticus. of the 62 strains isolated, 26 (8.3 %) were obtained from the seawater samples, and 36 (12 %); from sediments. only three strains (4.83 %) showed hemolytic activity in wagatsuma agar. the results of this study demonstrated the pres ...201424482636
rapid detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus in raw oysters using immunomagnetic separation combined with loop-mediated isothermal amplification.the objective of this study was to develop a method that combined nanoparticle-based immunomagnetic separation (ims) with real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) for the rapid detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus. magnetic nanoparticles were functionalized with monoclonal antibodies that were produced against flagella from v. parahaemolyticus to capture and separate the target cells from raw oysters. after optimization, the immunomagnetic nanoparticles (imnps) presented a capture ...201424480190
transcriptome analysis of vibrio parahaemolyticus in type iii secretion system 1 inducing conditions.vibrio parahaemolyticus is an emerging bacterial pathogen capable of causing inflammatory gastroenteritis, wound infections, and septicemia. as a food-borne illness, infection is most frequently associated with the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood, particularly shellfish. it is the primary cause of vibrio-associated food-borne illness in the united states and the leading cause of food-borne illness in japan. the larger of its two chromosomes harbors a set of genes encoding type iii sect ...201424478989
the trend of vibrio parahaemolyticus infections in southern thailand from 2006 to 2010.the bacterium, vibrio parahaemolyticus was isolated from 776 patients at hat yai hospital in southern thailand from 2006 to 2010. 51.3-73.6% of the isolates were tdh (+) trh (-) and group-specific pcr positive pandemic strains. a comparison of the number of v. parahaemolyticus isolates in this study and that from the same hospital in 2000-2005 indicates that this region of thailandis endemic for v. parahaemolyticus.201324478592
loss of sigma factor rpon increases intestinal colonization of vibrio parahaemolyticus in an adult mouse model.vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of bacterial seafood-borne gastroenteritis worldwide, yet little is known about how this pathogen colonizes the human intestine. the alternative sigma factor rpon/sigma-54 is a global regulator that controls flagellar synthesis, as well as a wide range of nonflagellar genes. we constructed an in-frame deletion mutation in rpon (vp2670) in v. parahaemolyticus rimd2210633, a clinical serogroup o3:k6 isolate, and examined the effects in vivo using a stre ...201424478070
proteomic identification of responsive proteins of vibrio parahaemolyticus under high hydrostatic pressure.high hydrostatic pressure (hhp) processing is currently being used as a treatment for certain foods to inhibit spoilage organisms and control the presence of foodborne pathogens. in this study proteome profiles were performed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) coupled with maldi-tof/tof identification to determine the effects of hhp (50, 100, 150 and 200 mpa, each for 10 min) on vibrio parahaemolyticus atcc 17802 (∼8 log cfu ml⁻¹) in order to understand how it responds to mechanical s ...201424473993
antimicrobial activity of trifoliate orange (poncirus trifoliate) seed extracts on gram-negative food-borne pathogens.trifoliate orange seed extracts (tses) were prepared from different solvents, water (tw), ethanol (te), and n-hexane (th), and assessed for their antimicrobial activities against six gram-negative food-borne pathogens (escherichia coli kctc 1039, escherichia coli o157:h7 atcc 43895, salmonella enteritidis atcc 3311, salmonella typhimurium kccm 11862, shigella sonnei kctc 2518, and vibrio parahaemolyticus atcc 17802). among the tested tses, te and th showed a slight inhibition activity on v. para ...201224471089
[macrophage migration inhibitory factor in mud crab scylla paramamosain: molecular cloning, expression profiles in various tissues and under vibrio challenge].as one of the first found cytokines, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (mif) plays an important role in several physiological processes in crabs. in this study, a full-length mif cdna (genbank accession number: jx131610) from mud crab scylla paramamosain (sp) was cloned based on a sequence of s. paramamosain cdna library. the full length of spmif was 734 bp consisting of a 363 bp open reading frame encoding the spmif, a 120 amino acid peptide chain. the molecular weight of spmif was 13.46 k ...201424466752
pellino protein from pacific white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei positively regulates nf-κb activation.pellino, named after its property that binds pelle (the drosophila melanogaster homolog of irak1), is a highly conserved e3 class ubiquitin ligase in both vertebrates and invertebrates. pellino interacts with phosphorylated irak1, causing polyubiquitination of irak1, and plays a critical upstream role in the toll-like receptor (tlr) pathway. in this study, we firstly cloned and identified a crustacean pellino from pacific white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei (lvpellino). lvpellino contains a putati ...201424463313
[establishment of a method for gene complementation in vibrio parahaemolyticus].to establish a method for gene complementation in vibrio parahaemolyticus using the plasmid pbad33.201424463120
reassessing provider reporting in the age of electronic surveillance.in 2000, the centers for disease control and prevention began funding health departments to implement integrated electronic systems for disease surveillance.201424458313
manipulation of intestinal epithelial cell function by the cell contact-dependent type iii secretion systems of vibrio parahaemolyticus.vibrio parahaemolyticus elicits gastroenteritis by deploying type iii secretion systems (ttss) to deliver effector proteins into epithelial cells of the human intestinal tract. the bacteria must adhere to the human cells to allow colonization and operation of the ttss translocation apparatus bridging the bacterium and the host cell. this article first reviews recent advances in identifying the molecules responsible for intercellular adherence. v. parahaemolyticus possesses two ttss, each of whic ...201324455490
vibrio parahaemolyticus induced necrotizing fasciitis: an atypical organism causing an unusual presentation.background necrotizing fasciitis (nf) represents a life-threatening bacterial infection characterized by a rapid necrosis of deep subcutaneous tissue and facia underlying the skin. despite its lethal nature, nf occurs infrequently, leaving many physicians unfamiliar with the disease process, common pathogens, and treatment strategies. here we present a case of nf caused by an unlikely organism, vibrio parahaemolyticus. we highlight the innocuous nature of initial presentation and the potentially ...201324455339
phenotypic and genotypic characterization of canadian clinical isolates of vibrio parahaemolyticus collected from 2000 to 2009.vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading bacterial cause of food-borne illness due to the consumption of contaminated seafood. the aim of the present study was to determine the population of its subtypes and establish a better understanding of the various types of v. parahaemolyticus strains that are causing human illness in canada. the subtypes for 100 human clinical isolates of v. parahaemolyticus collected between 2000 and 2009 were determined by performing serotyping, ribotyping, pulsed-field ...201424452166
application of the vpp1 bacteriophage combined with a coupled enzyme system in the rapid detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus.for rapid and quantitative detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus, a method combining the specific lysis of bacteriophages with a bacterial luciferase-flavin mononucleotide:nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidoreductase bioluminescent system in vitro was developed. a v. parahaemolyticus detection system was established by optimizing three main influencing factors: bacteriophage titer, volume ratio of the bacteriophage to its host bacterium, and lysis time. a standard curve between the number of ...201424440165
vibrio parahaemolyticus enolase is an adhesion-related factor that binds plasminogen and functions as a protective antigen.vibrio parahaemolyticus, an emerging food and waterborne pathogen, is a leading cause of seafood poisoning worldwide. surface proteins can directly participate in microbial virulence by facilitating pathogen dissemination via interactions with host factors. screening and identification of protective antigens is important for developing therapies against v. parahaemolyticus infections. here, we systematically characterized a novel immunogenic enolase of v. parahaemolyticus. the enolase gene of v. ...201424430205
pandemic vibrio parahaemolyticus o3:k6 on the american continent.vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the most important seafood-borne bacterial in recent years and is the leading causal agent of human acute gastroenteritis, primarily following the consumption of raw, undercooked or mishandled marine products. until 1996, infections caused by v. parahaemolyticus were generally associated with diverse serovars. however, in february 1996, a unique serovar (o3:k6) of v. parahaemolyticus with specific genetic markers (tdh, toxrs/new and/or orf8) appeared abruptly in ...201424427744
in vitro protective efficacy of clostridium butyricum against fish pathogen infections.most pathogens in intestine are opportunist, called "opportunistic pathogens" that usually do not cause disease in a healthy host. only when the host's resistance is lowered or the intestinal microecological balance is destroyed, the opportunistic pathogens are capable of causing disease. here, two opportunistic pathogens, salmonella enteritidis and vibrio parahaemolyticus were chosen to test the possible antagonistic effect of the probiotic agent clostridium butyricum on these pathogens infecti ...201324426150
effect of sypq gene on poly-n-acetylglucosamine biosynthesis in vibrio parahaemolyticus and its role in infection process.the syp locus includes four genes encoding putative regulators, six genes encoding glycosyltransferases, two encoding export proteins, and six other genes encoding unidentified functional proteins associated with biofilm formation and symbiotic colonization. however, the individual functions of the respective genes remain unclear. amino acid alignment indicates that sypq is presumably involved in biosynthesizing poly-n-acetylglucosamine (pnag), which is proposed to be a critical virulence factor ...201424418930
isolation and characterization of a toxic intracellular protein from vibrio parahaemolyticus.a toxic factor released from disrupted cells of vibrio parahaemolyticus was partially purified by gel filtration after precipitation with (nh4)2so4 at 40% saturation. the factor, which was a thermostable protein of 63 kda, lysed human erythrocytes at a concentration of 0.15 μg ml(-1). its ld50 by intravenous injection into mice was 6.4 μg. fluid accumulated in suckling mice force-fed with the toxic material (1 to 25 μg). haemolytic activity, which occurred maximall at 37°c and ph 7.0 was enhance ...199624415088
antimicrobial function of the gapdh-related antimicrobial peptide in the skin of skipjack tuna, katsuwonus pelamis.a 3.4 kda of antimicrobial peptide was purified from an acidified skin extract of skipjack tuna, katsuwonus pelamis, by preparative acid-urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and c18 reversed-phase hplc. a comparison of the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified peptide with that of other known polypeptides revealed high sequence homology with the yfgap (yellowfin tuna glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-related antimicrobial peptide); thus, this peptide was identified as the skip ...201424412436
effect of acid adaptation on the environmental stress tolerance of three strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus.three strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus (690, bcrc 13023, and bcrc 13025), involved in foodborne outbreaks in taiwan, were subjected to acid adaptation at ph 5.5 for 90 min. the effects of acid adaptation on the tolerance of v. parahaemolyticus to various environmental stresses, including heat (47°c), cold (4°c and -20°c), ethanol (8%), high salt (20% nacl), and hydrogen peroxide (20 ppm) were examined. results showed that acid adaptation increased the thermal tolerance of the three test strain ...201424410096
multiple enzymatic profiles of vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from oysters.the enzymatic characterization of vibrios has been used as a virulence indicator of sanitary interest. the objective of this study was to determine the enzymatic profile of vibrio parahaemolyticus strains (n=70) isolated from crassostrea rhizophorae oysters. the strains were examined for the presence of gelatinase (gel), caseinase (cas), elastase (elas), phospholipase (phos), lipase (lip), amilase (aml) and dnase. all enzymes, except elastase, were detected in more than 60% of the strains. the m ...201424401782
genetic characterization of trh positive vibrio spp. isolated from norway.the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and/or tdh-related hemolysin (trh) genes are carried by most virulent vibrio parahaemolyticus serovars. in norway, trh+ v. parahaemolyticus constitute 4.4 and 4.5% of the total number of v. parahaemolyticus isolated from blue mussel (mytilus edulis) and water, respectively. the trh gene is located in a region close to the gene cluster for urease production (ure). this region was characterized in v. parahaemolyticus strain th3996 and it was found that a nic ...201324400227
experimental infection of brown-marbled grouper, epinephelus fuscoguttatus (forskal), with vibrio parahaemolyticus identifies parvalbumin beta-2 subunit i, alpha-2-macroglobulin, nattectin and immunoglobulin light chain, differentially expressed in resistant grouper.the mechanisms through which brown-marbled grouper accomplishes resistance to infection, particularly against vibrios, are not yet fully understood. in this study, brown-marbled grouper fingerlings were experimentally infected with vibrio parahaemolyticus, to identify disease resistance grouper, and the serum proteome profiles were compared between resistant and susceptible candidates, via two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de). the results showed that putative parvalbumin beta-2 subunit i, ...201524397626
parp prevents dissociation of chea from chemotactic signaling arrays and tethers them to a polar anchor.bacterial chemotaxis proteins are organized into ordered arrays. in peritrichous organisms, such as escherichia coli, stochastic assembly processes are thought to account for the placement of chemotaxis arrays, which are nonuniformly distributed. in contrast, we previously found that chemotactic signaling arrays in polarly flagellated vibrios are uniformly polar and that array localization is dependent on the para-like atpase parc. however, the processes that enable parc to facilitate array loca ...201324379357
distribution and dynamics of epidemic and pandemic vibrio parahaemolyticus virulence factors.vibrio parahaemolyticus, autochthonous to estuarine, marine, and coastal environments throughout the world, is the causative agent of food-borne gastroenteritis. more than 80 serotypes have been described worldwide, based on antigenic properties of the somatic (o) and capsular (k) antigens. serovar o3:k6 emerged in india in 1996 and subsequently was isolated worldwide, leading to the conclusion that the first v. parahaemolyticus pandemic had taken place. most strains of v. parahaemolyticus isola ...201324377090
presence of t3ss2β genes in trh⁺ vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from seafood harvested along mangalore coast, india.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a seafood-borne pathogen autochthonous to the marine and estuarine ecosystem, responsible for gastroenteritis when contaminated raw seafood is consumed. the pathogenicity has been associated with thermostable direct haemolysin (tdh) and tdh-related haemolysin (trh). of late, the presence of t3ss2α and t3ss2β gene clusters has been well documented in clinical isolates of vibrio parahaemolyticus and known to play an essential role in pathogenesis. however, reports on the ...201424372411
molecular cloning, sequence analysis and expression of fein-penaeidin from the haemocytes of indian white shrimp fenneropenaeus indicus.penaeidins are members of a special family of antimicrobial peptide existing in penaeid shrimp and play an important role in the immunological defense of shrimp. here, we report a penaeidin sequence cloned from the indian white shrimp fenneropenaus indicus (fein-penaeidin). the fein-penaeidin open reading frame encodes a 77 amino acid peptide including a 19 amino acid signal peptide. the deduced amino acid sequences of fein-penaeidin include a proline rich n-terminal domain and a carboxyl-domain ...201224371565
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