Publications

borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato prevalence and diversity in ticks and small mammals in a lyme borreliosis endemic nature reserve in north-western spain. incidence in surrounding human populations.	to determine the prevalence and diversity of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) in an endemic nature reserve (sierra del sueve) in north-western spain, and the risk of human exposure to infected ticks in asturias, 1013 questing ticks and 70 small mammals were collected between 2012 and 2014. a retrospective descriptive analysis was also carried out on human lyme borreliosis (lb) cases reported to the local hospital (cabueñes). samples were screened for b. burgdorferi s.l. presence by a neste ...	2016	27445175
diurnal dynamic behavior of microglia in response to infected bacteria through the udp-p2y6 receptor system.	it has long been believed that microglia morphologically transform into the activated state by retracting their long processes and consuming pathogens when bacteria infect into the brain parenchyma. in the present study, however, we showed for the first time that murine cortical microglia extend their processes towards focally injected porphyromonas gingivalis. this p. gingivalis-induced microglial process extension was significantly increased during the light (sleeping) phase than the dark (wak ...	2016	27445174
rickettsia raoultii in dermacentor reticulatus ticks, chernobyl exclusion zone, ukraine, 2010.		2016	27442796
unique expression of chronic lyme disease and jarisch-herxheimer reaction to doxycycline therapy in a young adult.	i am a 24-year-old male who was diagnosed with chronic lyme disease after 4 years of multiple, non-specific symptoms. i have written this case as first author with my faculty mentor listed as the coauthor. the objective of this report is to highlight the experience with doxycycline treatment. in 2007, at around age 19 years, i had an acute onset of sore throat, tonsillitis, low-grade fever, stiff upper back and neck muscles, migraines and severely stiff, cracking jaw joints. this led to >24 medi ...	2016	27440843
evidence for personal protective measures to reduce human contact with blacklegged ticks and for environmentally based control methods to suppress host-seeking blacklegged ticks and reduce infection with lyme disease spirochetes in tick vectors and rodent reservoirs.	in the 1980s, the blacklegged tick, ixodes scapularis say, and rodents were recognized as the principal vector and reservoir hosts of the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi in the eastern united states, and deer were incriminated as principal hosts for i. scapularis adults. these realizations led to pioneering studies aiming to reduce the risk for transmission of b. burgdorferi to humans by attacking host-seeking ticks with acaricides, interrupting the enzootic transmission cycle by ki ...	2016	27439616
cholangiocarcinoma associated with limbic encephalitis and early cerebral abnormalities detected by 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-d-glucose integrated with computed tomography-positron emission tomography: a case report.	limbic encephalitis was originally described as a rare clinical neuropathological entity involving seizures and neuropsychological disturbances. in this report, we describe cerebral patterns visualized by positron emission tomography in a patient with limbic encephalitis and cholangiocarcinoma. to our knowledge, there is no other description in the literature of cerebral positron emission tomography findings in the setting of limbic encephalitis and subsequent diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma.	2016	27439460
vaccines and immunization strategies for dengue prevention.	dengue is currently the most significant arboviral disease afflicting tropical and sub-tropical countries worldwide. dengue vaccines, such as the multivalent attenuated, chimeric, dna and inactivated vaccines, have been developed to prevent dengue infection in humans, and they function predominantly by stimulating immune responses against the dengue virus (denv) envelope (e) and nonstructural-1 proteins (ns1). of these vaccines, a live attenuated chimeric tetravalent denv vaccine developed by sa ...	2016	27436365
human tick-borne encephalitis and characterization of virus from biting tick.	we report a case of human tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) in which the tbe virus was isolated from the biting tick. viral growth and sequence were characterized and compared with those of a reference strain. virus isolation from ticks from patients with tbe may offer a new approach for studies of epidemiology and pathogenicity.	2016	27434395
allosteric regulation of fibronectin/α5β1 interaction by fibronectin-binding mscramms.	adherence of microbes to host tissues is a hallmark of infectious disease and is often mediated by a class of adhesins termed mscramms (microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules). numerous pathogens express mscramms that specifically bind the heterodimeric human glycoprotein fibronectin (fn). in addition to roles in adhesion, fn-binding mscramms exploit physiological fn functions. for example, several pathogens can invade host cells by a mechanism whereby mscramm-bound f ...	2016	27434228
borrelia miyamotoi infection in patients from upper midwestern united states, 2014-2015.	we confirmed borrelia miyamotoi infection in 7 patients who had contracted an illness while near la crosse, wisconsin, usa, an area where ixodes scapularis ticks are endemic. b. miyamatoi infection should now be considered among differential diagnoses for patients from the midwestern united states who have signs and symptoms suggestive of tickborne illness.	2016	27434048
lyme disease.		1990	27433826
lyme disease.		1990	27433822
substance p and antagonists of the neurokinin-1 receptor in neuroinflammation associated with infectious and neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system.	this review addresses the role that substance p (sp) and its preferred receptor neurokinin-1 (nk1r) play in neuroinflammation associated with select bacterial, viral, parasitic, and neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system. the sp/nk1r complex is a key player in the interaction between the immune and nervous systems. a common effect of this interaction is inflammation. for this reason and because of the predominance in the human brain of the nk1r, its antagonists are attractive p ...	2016	27430034
presumed masitinib-induced nephrotic syndrome and azotemia in a dog.	masitinib mesylate is a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of nonresectable or recurrent, grade 2 or 3 mast cell tumors in dogs. this report describes nephrotic syndrome and acute kidney injury attributed to masitinib and illustrates the need for regular monitoring of serum creatinine concentration, urinalysis, and urine protein:creatinine ratio during its use.	2016	27429464
long-term antibiotics after ceftriaxone did not improve quality of life in persistent lyme disease.		2016	27429317
how to detect lyme disease.	if patients lack the characteristic sign of lyme disease-a red rash with a pale center-diagnosing the disease can be challenging. a thorough workup and history should alert physicians when patients' flulike symptoms are the result of this tick-borne infection.	1992	27424646
diagnostic lumbar puncture among children with facial palsy in a lyme disease endemic area.	we identified 620 children with peripheral facial palsy of which 211 (34%) had lyme disease. the 140 children who had a lumbar puncture performed were more likely to be hospitalized (73% lp performed vs 2% no lp) and to receive parenteral antibiotics (62% lp performed vs 6% no lp).	2017	27422867
first case of lyme arthritis involving a prosthetic knee joint.	borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto is the most common tick-borne illness in the united states. arthritis is usually a mani-festation of late dis-ease but has not been associated with cases of periprosthetic joint infections. we report on a patient who was first diagnosed with periprosthetic joint infection and subsequently lyme arthritis.	2016	27419168
did garin and bujadoux actually report a case of lyme radiculoneuritis?	a 1922 report by garin and bujadoux is widely regarded as describing the first case of neurologic lyme borreliosis. although the patient reported had a tick bite followed by the development of a rash and radiculoneuritis, there were a number of highly atypical features, raising the question of whether the patient, in fact, had neurologic lyme borreliosis. the paper may not deserve the historic recognition that it has received.	2016	27419161
will global climate change alter fundamental human immune reactivity: implications for child health?	the human immune system is an interface across which many climate change sensitive exposures can affect health outcomes. gaining an understanding of the range of potential effects that climate change could have on immune function will be of considerable importance, particularly for child health, but has, as yet, received minimal research attention. we postulate several mechanisms whereby climate change sensitive exposures and conditions will subtly impair aspects of the human immune response, th ...	2014	27417487
spirochetes flagellar collar protein flbb has astounding effects in orientation of periplasmic flagella, bacterial shape, motility, and assembly of motors in borrelia burgdorferi.	borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease, is a highly motile spirochete, and motility, which is provided by its periplasmic flagella, is critical for every part of the spirochete's enzootic life cycle. unlike externally flagellated bacteria, spirochetes possess a unique periplasmic flagellar structure called the collar. this spirochete-specific novel component is linked to the flagellar basal body; however, nothing is known about the proteins encoding the collar or their functio ...	2016	27416872
host, habitat and climate preferences of ixodes angustus (acari: ixodidae) and infection with borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma phagocytophilum in california, usa.	the holarctic tick ixodes angustus is a competent vector for borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease, and possibly anaplasma phagocytophilum, the etiologic agent of granulocytic anaplasmosis, as well. from 2005 to 2013, we collected host-feeding i. angustus individuals from live-trapped small mammals and by flagging vegetation from 12 study sites in northern and central california, and tested for b. burgdorferi sensu lato, a. phagocytophilum, and rickettsia spp. dna by real-tim ...	2016	27416728
vectors as epidemiological sentinels: patterns of within-tick borrelia burgdorferi diversity.	hosts including humans, other vertebrates, and arthropods, are frequently infected with heterogeneous populations of pathogens. within-host pathogen diversity has major implications for human health, epidemiology, and pathogen evolution. however, pathogen diversity within-hosts is difficult to characterize and little is known about the levels and sources of within-host diversity maintained in natural populations of disease vectors. here, we examine genomic variation of the lyme disease bacteria, ...	2016	27414806
immunopathological features of canine myocarditis associated with leishmania infantum infection.	myocarditis associated with infectious diseases may occur in dogs, including those caused by the protozoa neospora caninum, trypanosoma cruzi, babesia canis, and hepatozoon canis. however, although cardiac disease due to leishmania infection has also been documented, the immunopathological features of myocarditis have not been reported so far. the aim of this study was to examine the types of cellular infiltrates and expression of mhc classes i and ii in myocardial samples obtained at necropsy f ...	2016	27413751
parasitic infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.	parasitic infections are rarely documented in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. however they may be responsible for fatal complications that are only diagnosed at autopsy. increased awareness of the possibility of parasitic diseases both in autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplant patients is relevant not only for implementing preventive measures but also for performing an early diagnosis and starting appropriate therapy for these unrecognized but fatal infectious complication ...	2016	27413527
insights into borrelia miyamotoi infection from an untreated case demonstrating relapsing fever, monocytosis and a positive c6 lyme serology.	we describe a patient from the united states with pcr- and serology-confirmed borrelia miyamotoi infection who recovered without antibiotics. our findings suggest that b. miyamotoi infection may cause relapsing fever, blood monocytosis and antibody reactivity to the c6 peptide. further studies are required to better define the spectrum of clinical and laboratory findings for this emerging tick-transmitted infection.	2016	27412815
a presentation of lyme disease: pseudotumor cerebri.	lyme disease is caused by a tick-transmitted spirochete, b. burgdorferi. it can present with both central and peripheral nervous system manifestations, including aseptic meningitis, meningoencephalitis, bell's palsy and other cranial neuropathies, radiculoneuritis, and myelitis. however, pseudotumor cerebri associated with lyme disease is rare. here, we report a eight-year-old girl with the unusual manifestation of pseudotumor cerebri associated lyme disease.	2017	27411423
seroprevalence of borrelia burgdorferi in north eastern india.	there is paucity of data on lyme disease in india. a seroprevalence study of b burgdorferi infection was carried out in north-eastern states of india to assess the same.	2008	27408074
post-lyme disease syndrome.	about 10% of patients with lyme disease continue to experience musculoskeletal pain and cognitive dysfunction after recommended antibiotic treatment. this condition is called post-lyme disease syndrome (plds) or post-treatment lyme disease syndrome. these two terms are used interchangeably. the pathogenesis of plds has been controversial. the hypothesis that patients with plds may harbor hidden reservoirs of borrelia burgdorferi after their initial antibiotic treatment is difficult to accept. th ...	2015	27407225
health technology assessment of pathogen reduction technologies applied to plasma for clinical use.	although existing clinical evidence shows that the transfusion of blood components is becoming increasingly safe, the risk of transmission of known and unknown pathogens, new pathogens or re-emerging pathogens still persists. pathogen reduction technologies may offer a new approach to increase blood safety. the study is the output of collaboration between the italian national blood centre and the post-graduate school of health economics and management, catholic university of the sacred heart, ro ...	2016	27403740
circular helix-like curve: an effective tool of biological sequence analysis and comparison.	this paper constructed a novel injection from a dna sequence to a 3d graph, named circular helix-like curve (chc). the presented graphical representation is available for visualizing characterizations of a single dna sequence and identifying similarities and differences among several dnas. a 12-dimensional vector extracted from chc, as a numerical characterization of chc, was applied to analyze phylogenetic relationships of 11 species, 74 ribosomal rnas, 48 hepatitis e viruses, and 18 eutherian ...	2016	27403205
orbital pseudotumor as a rare extrahepatic manifestation of hepatitis c infection.	hepatitis c is frequently accompanied by immune-related extrahepatic manifestations affecting the skin, kidneys, central and peripheral nervous system and exocrine glands. we present the case of a 40-year-old man with left-sided ptosis, exophthalmos and headache. mri demonstrated left-sided orbital pseudotumor with lacrimal and retro-orbital contrast enhancement extending to the cavernous sinus and the vestibulocochlear nerve. immunological tests of serum and cerebrospinal fluid identified hepat ...	2016	27403111
lyme disease guidelines.		2016	27402647
consensus computational network analysis for identifying candidate outer membrane proteins from borrelia spirochetes.	similar to gram-negative organisms, borrelia spirochetes are dual-membrane organisms with both an inner and outer membrane. although the outer membrane contains integral membrane proteins, few of the borrelial outer membrane proteins (omps) have been identified and characterized to date. therefore, we utilized a consensus computational network analysis to identify novel borrelial omps.	2016	27400788
identification, functional characterization and regulon prediction of a novel two component system comprising bas0540-bas0541 of bacillus anthracis.	two component systems (tcss) can be envisaged as complex molecular devices that help the bacteria to sense its environment and respond aptly. 41 tcss are predicted in bacillus anthracis, a potential bioterrorism agent, of which only four have been studied so far. thus, the intricate signaling network contributed by tcss remains largely unmapped in b. anthracis and needs comprehensive exploration. in this study, we functionally characterized one such system composed of bas0540 (response regulator ...	2016	27392063
immunomodulatory effects of tick saliva on dermal cells exposed to borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of lyme disease.	the prolonged feeding process of ixodid ticks, in combination with bacterial transmission, should lead to a robust inflammatory response at the blood-feeding site. yet, factors present in tick saliva may down-regulate such responses, which may be beneficial to spirochete transmission. the primary goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that tick saliva, in the context of borrelia burgdorferi, can have widespread effects on the production of immune mediators in skin.	2016	27391120
underreporting of lyme and other tick-borne diseases in residents of a high-incidence county, minnesota, 2009.	lyme disease (ld), anaplasmosis, babesiosis and other tick-borne diseases (tbds) attributed to ixodes ticks are thought to be widely underreported in the united states. to identify tbd cases diagnosed in 2009, but not reported to the minnesota department of health (mdh), diagnostic and procedural billing codes suggestive of tick-borne diseases were used to select medical charts for retrospective review in medical facilities serving residents of a highly endemic county in minnesota. of 444 illnes ...	2016	27390047
is localized scleroderma caused by borrelia burgdorferi?	despite considerable achievements in the study of localized scleroderma, the etiology of the disease has not been investigated completely. borrelia burgdorferi-the agent of lyme disease-is suggested to be one of the possible etiological factors of localized scleroderma. however, among scientists, this hypothesis is quite controversial. we have conducted investigations of the level of igm and igg class antibodies to b. burgdorferi in the serum of patients with localized scleroderma. to rationally ...	2016	27387068
newcastle disease virus as a vaccine vector for development of human and veterinary vaccines.	viral vaccine vectors have shown to be effective in inducing a robust immune response against the vaccine antigen. newcastle disease virus (ndv), an avian paramyxovirus, is a promising vaccine vector against human and veterinary pathogens. avirulent ndv strains lasota and b1 have long track records of safety and efficacy. therefore, use of these strains as vaccine vectors is highly safe in avian and non-avian species. ndv replicates efficiently in the respiratory track of the host and induces st ...	2016	27384578
evaluation of a protective effect of in ovo delivered campylobacter jejuni omvs.	campylobacter jejuni is the most prevalent cause of a food-borne gastroenteritis in the developed world, with poultry being the main source of infection. campylobacter jejuni, like other gram-negative bacteria, constitutively releases outer membrane vesicles (omvs). omvs are highly immunogenic, can be taken up by mammalian cells, and are easily modifiable by recombinant engineering. we have tested their usefulness for an oral (in ovo) vaccination of chickens. four groups of 18-day-old chicken em ...	2016	27383607
inflammatory cardiomyopathy: a current view on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.	inflammatory cardiomyopathy is defined as inflammation of the heart muscle associated with impaired function of the myocardium. in our region, its etiology is most often viral. viral infection is a possible trigger of immune and autoimmune mechanisms which contributed to the damage of myocardial function. myocarditis is considered the most common cause of dilated cardiomyopathy. typical manifestation of this disease is heart failure, chest pain, or arrhythmias. the most important noninvasive dia ...	2016	27382566
infection resistance and tolerance in peromyscus spp., natural reservoirs of microbes that are virulent for humans.	the widely-distributed north american species peromyscus leucopus and p. maniculatus of cricetine rodents are, between them, important natural reservoirs for several zoonotic diseases of humans: lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, babesiosis, erhlichiosis, hard tickborne relapsing fever, powassan virus encephalitis, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, and plague. while these infections are frequently disabling and sometimes fatal for humans, the peromyscines display little pathology and ap ...	2017	27381345
human granulocytic anaplasmosis and lyme disease--reply.		2016	27380351
human granulocytic anaplasmosis and lyme disease.		2016	27380349
cxcl13 chemokine as a promising biomarker to diagnose neurosyphilis in hiv-negative patients.	chemokine ligand 13 (cxcl13) is believed to play a role in the recruitment of b cells in the central nervous system during neuroinflammation. neurosyphilis is a group of clinical syndromes of the central nervous system caused by treponema pallidum (t. pallidum) infection. the relationship between cxcl13 and neurosyphilis still needs further study. in our study, csf and serum cxcl13 concentrations were detected among 40 neurosyphilis patients, 31 syphilis/non-neurosyphilis patients, 26 non-syphil ...	2016	27376011
cross-species interferon signaling boosts microbicidal activity within the tick vector.	evolution of hematophagy in blood-sucking parasites likely involves communication with their hosts. we find that ixodes ticks are responsive to ifnγ acquired in a blood meal from mice infected with the lyme disease-causing bacteria borrelia burgdorferi, leading to induction of antimicrobial responses. ixodes ticks parasitizing b. burgdorferi-infected mice upregulated an i. scapularis rho-like gtpase (igtpase). igtpase knockdown enhanced b. burgdorferi levels in post-fed ticks, suggesting this pr ...	2016	27374407
5-hydroxytryptamine and lyme disease. opportunity for a novel therapy to reduce the cerebellar tremor?	lyme boreliosis is caused by the spirochete borrelia burdorferi, which is transmitted by ticks. a 59 year-old woman developed pyrexia, strong headaches, ataxia, dysarthria and tremor of the limbs after a tick bite. she was unable to work and eat on her own. she was hospitalized three times and diagnosed with cerebellar intention tremor, cerebellar ataxia, dysarthria, bilateral horizontal gaze paralysis and a central lesion of the left facial nerve. there were no pyramidal, sensory or psychiatric ...	2016	27373127
borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodes cf. neuquenensis and ixodes sigelos ticks from the patagonian region of argentina.	this study was conducted to detect borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection in ixodid ticks from the patagonia region in the south of argentina. therefore, ticks were collected on rodents in the provinces of chubut, río negro and santa cruz. these ticks were identified as nymphs of ixodes cf. neuquenensis and ixodes sigelos. the b. burgdorferi s.l. infection was tested by a battery of pcr methods targeting the gene flagellin (fla) and the rrfa-rrlb intergenic spacer region (igs). three pools of ...	2016	27372197
erratum to: bilateral vestibular hypofunction and lyme disease: a causal link?		2016	27369691
comparative genomics reveals multiple pathways to mutualism for tick-borne pathogens.	multiple important human and livestock pathogens employ ticks as their primary host vectors. it is not currently known whether this means of infecting a host arose once or many times during evolution.	2016	27368698
seroprevalence of borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in white-tailed deer from texas.	lyme disease is caused by the bacterial pathogen borrelia burgdorferi, and is transmitted by the tick-vector ixodes scapularis. it is the most prevalent arthropod-borne disease in the united states. to determine the seroprevalence of b. burgdorferi antibodies in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) from texas, we analyzed serum samples (n = 1493) collected during the 2001-2015 hunting seasons, using indirect elisa. samples with higher sero-reactivity (0.803 and above) than the negative con ...	2016	27366674
the interplay between the microbiome and the adaptive immune response in cancer development.	the data from different studies suggest a bacterial role in cancer genesis/progression, often modulating the local immune response. this is particularly so at the mucosal level where the bacterial presence is strong and the immune system is highly reactive. the epithelial surfaces of the body, such as the skin and mucosa, are colonized by a vast number of microorganisms, which represent the so-called normal microbiome. normally the microbiome does not cause a proinflammatory response because the ...	2016	27366226
extragenital lichen sclerosus with aetiological link to borrelia.		2011	27365852
[occurrence of occupational diseases in poland, 2014].	the aim of the annual analysis of the incidence of occupational diseases in poland is to evaluate the extent of the incidence and to identify its causes as well as activities involving factors that are harmful or annoying to such an extent that they result in occupational diseases.	2017	27364107
evaluation of the c6 lyme enzyme immunoassay for the diagnosis of lyme disease in children and adolescents.	the commercially-available c6 lyme enzyme immunoassay (eia) has been approved to replace the standard whole-cell sonicate eia as a first-tier test for the diagnosis of lyme disease and has been suggested as a stand-alone diagnostic. however, the c6 eia has not been extensively studied in pediatric patients undergoing evaluation for lyme disease.	2016	27358358
ccl19 as a chemokine risk factor for posttreatment lyme disease syndrome: a prospective clinical cohort study.	approximately 10% to 20% of patients optimally treated for early lyme disease develop persistent symptoms of unknown pathophysiology termed posttreatment lyme disease syndrome (ptlds). the objective of this study was to investigate associations between ptlds and immune mediator levels during acute illness and at several time points following treatment. seventy-six participants with physician-documented erythema migrans and 26 healthy controls with no history of lyme disease were enrolled. sixty- ...	2016	27358211
antibodies in multiple sclerosis oligoclonal bands target debris.		2016	27357674
exposure to vector-borne pathogens in candidate blood donor and free-roaming dogs of northeast italy.	many vector-borne pathogens including viruses, bacteria, protozoa and nematodes occur in northeast italy, representing a potential threat to animal and human populations. little information is available on the circulation of the above vector-borne pathogens in dogs. this work aims to (i) assess exposure to and circulation of pathogens transmitted to dogs in northeast italy by ticks, sandflies, and mosquitoes, and (ii) drive blood donor screening at the newly established canine blood bank of the ...	2016	27357128
hospitalized children with encephalitis in the united states: a pediatric health information system database study.	given the paucity of data on resource utilization among children with encephalitis, the objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology and evaluate resource utilization and discharge data of children with encephalitis admitted to us hospitals from 2004 to 2013.	2016	27353693
seroprevalence of west nile virus, crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus, francisella tularensis and borrelia burgdorferi in rural population of manisa, western turkey.	zoonotic diseases are well recognised threat to public health globally. the information of regional prevalence and associated risk factors allow the national programmes to determine and frame better strategies for their control, as they also provide the actual status of zoonosis in the region. the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of west nile virus (wnv), crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv), francisella tularensis and borrelia burgdorferi among the rural residents ...	2017	27353580
tick-borne relapsing fever in dogs.	in the united states, tick-borne relapsing fever (tbrf) in dogs is caused by the spirochete bacteria borrelia turicatae and borrelia hermsii, transmitted by ornithodoros spp. ticks. the hallmark diagnostic feature of this infection is the visualization of numerous spirochetes during standard blood smear examination. although the course of spirochetemia has not been fully characterized in dogs, in humans infected with tbrf the episodes of spirochetemia and fever are intermittent.	2016	27353196
toll-like receptors: the swiss army knife of immunity and vaccine development.	innate immune cells have a critical role in defense against infection and disease. central to this is the broad specificity with which they can detect pathogen-associated patterns and danger-associated patterns via the pattern recognition receptors (prrs) they express. several families of prrs have been identified including: toll-like receptors (tlrs), c-type lectin-like receptors, retinoic acid-inducible gene-like receptors and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors. tlrs are ...	2016	27350884
a method to distinguish morphologically similar peromyscus species using extracellular rna and high-resolution melt analysis.	a method applying high-resolution melt (hrm) analysis to pcr products copied and amplified from extracellular rna (exrna) has been developed to distinguish two morphologically similar peromyscus species: peromyscus leucopus and peromyscus maniculatus. p. leucopus is considered the primary reservoir host of borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent for lyme disease in north america. in northern minnesota the habitat ranges of p. leucopus overlaps with that of p. maniculatus. serum samples from li ...	2016	27349513
[lyme-arthritis--a case report].	lyme disease is a serious infectious disease which, if untreated, does not recover and leads to further complications that might be severe. this exemplary case report describes a possible secondary borrelia infection. it underlines that early antibiotic therapy in the correct dosage is essential. furthermore, problems are discussed that might occur in context of the decision process concerning the best antibiotic substance and the optimal application route. last but not least, possible problems ...	2016	27348897
[lyme disease--clinical manifestations and treatment].	lyme disease (lyme borreliosis) is a systemic infectious disease that can present in a variety of clinical manifestations. the disease is caused by a group of spirochaetes--borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato or lyme borrelia--that are transmitted to humans by the bite of ixodes ticks. lyme disease is the most common arthropode-borne infectious disease in many european countries including germany. early localized infection is typically manifested by an erythema migrans skin lesion, in rarer cases as ...	2016	27348896
challenges with using names to link digital biodiversity information.		2016	27346955
borrelia sp. phylogenetically different from lyme disease- and relapsing fever-related borrelia spp. in amblyomma varanense from python reticulatus.	species of the genus borrelia are causative agents of lyme disease and relapsing fever. lyme disease is the most commonly reported vector-borne disease in the northern hemisphere. however, in some parts of the world lyme borreliosis and relapsing fever may be caused by novel borrelia genotypes. herein, we report the presence of a borrelia sp. in an amblyomma varanense collected from python reticulatus.	2016	27342652
hyperglycemia impairs neutrophil-mediated bacterial clearance in mice infected with the lyme disease pathogen.	insulin-insufficient type 1 diabetes is associated with attenuated bactericidal function of neutrophils, which are key mediators of innate immune responses to microbes as well as pathological inflammatory processes. neutrophils are central to immune responses to the lyme pathogen borrelia burgdorferi. the effect of hyperglycemia on host susceptibility to and outcomes of b. burgdorferi infection has not been examined. the present study investigated the impact of sustained obesity-independent hype ...	2016	27340827
chloroplast genomes: diversity, evolution, and applications in genetic engineering.	chloroplasts play a crucial role in sustaining life on earth. the availability of over 800 sequenced chloroplast genomes from a variety of land plants has enhanced our understanding of chloroplast biology, intracellular gene transfer, conservation, diversity, and the genetic basis by which chloroplast transgenes can be engineered to enhance plant agronomic traits or to produce high-value agricultural or biomedical products. in this review, we discuss the impact of chloroplast genome sequences on ...	2016	27339192
pre-exposure prophylaxis with ospa-specific human monoclonal antibodies protects mice against tick transmission of lyme disease spirochetes.	tick transmission of borrelia spirochetes to humans results in significant morbidity from lyme disease worldwide. serum concentrations of antibodies against outer surface protein a (ospa) were shown to correlate with protection from infection with borrelia burgdorferi, the primary cause of lyme disease in the united states.	2016	27338767
neuroborreliosis-associated cerebral vasculitis: an uncommon manifestation of lyme disease in a 9-year-old boy.		2015	27335977
mycoplasma pneumoniae infection: risk factor for childhood stroke.		2015	27335969
live attenuated borrelia burgdorferi targeted mutants in an infectious strain background protect mice from challenge infection.	borrelia burgdorferi, b. garinii, and b. afzelii are all agents of lyme disease in different geographic locations. if left untreated, lyme disease can cause significant and long-term morbidity, which may continue after appropriate antibiotic therapy has been administered and live bacteria are no longer detectable. the increasing incidence and geographic spread of lyme disease are renewing interest in the vaccination of at-risk populations. we took the approach of vaccinating mice with two target ...	2016	27335385
borrelial lymphocytoma in adult patients.	information on the course and outcome of borrelial lymphocytoma (bl) is limited.	2016	27334446
fluorescent membrane markers elucidate the association of borrelia burgdorferi with tick cell lines.	this study aimed to describe the association of borrelia burgdorferi s.s. with ixodid tick cell lines by flow cytometry and fluorescence and confocal microscopy. spirochetes were stained with a fluorescent membrane marker (pkh67 or pkh26), inoculated into 8 different tick cell lines and incubated at 30°c for 24 h. pkh efficiently stained b. burgdorferi without affecting bacterial viability or motility. among the tick cell lines tested, the rhipicephalus appendiculatus cell line ra243 achieved th ...	2016	27332772
toll-like receptor cascade and gene polymorphism in host-pathogen interaction in lyme disease.	lyme disease (ld) risk occurs in north america and europe where the tick vectors of the causal agent borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato are found. it is associated with local and systemic manifestations, and has persistent posttreatment health complications in some individuals. the innate immune system likely plays a critical role in both host defense against b. burgdorferi and disease severity. recognition of b. burgdorferi, activation of the innate immune system, production of proinflammatory cyt ...	2016	27330321
structures of the orthosomycin antibiotics avilamycin and evernimicin in complex with the bacterial 70s ribosome.	the ribosome is one of the major targets for therapeutic antibiotics; however, the rise in multidrug resistance is a growing threat to the utility of our current arsenal. the orthosomycin antibiotics evernimicin (evn) and avilamycin (avi) target the ribosome and do not display cross-resistance with any other classes of antibiotics, suggesting that they bind to a unique site on the ribosome and may therefore represent an avenue for development of new antimicrobial agents. here we present cryo-em ...	2016	27330110
critical evaluation of the linkage between tick-based risk measures and the occurrence of lyme disease cases.	the nymphal stage of the blacklegged tick, ixodes scapularis say, is considered the primary vector to humans in the eastern united states of the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto. the abundance of infected host-seeking nymphs is commonly used to estimate the fundamental risk of human exposure to b. burgdorferi, for the purpose of environmental risk assessment and as an outcome measure when evaluating environmentally based tick or pathogen control methods. however, as thi ...	2016	27330093
detection of selected pathogens in ticks collected from cats and dogs in the wrocław agglomeration, south-west poland.	tick-borne infections are no longer confined to rural areas, they are documented with increasing frequency in urban settlements across the world. they are known to cause diseases in humans as well as in their companion animals.	2016	27329450
no serological evidence for borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy in northern france.		2016	27329434
retrospective evaluation of horses diagnosed with neuroborreliosis on postmortem examination: 16 cases (2004-2015).	equine neuroborreliosis (nb), lyme disease, is difficult to diagnose and has limited description in the literature.	2016	27327172
autophagy and urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: a review.	the incidence of urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder (bladder cancer) remains high. while other solid organ malignancies have seen significant improvement in morbidity and mortality, there has been little change in bladder cancer mortality in the past few decades. the mortality is mainly driven by muscle invasive bladder cancer, but the cancer burden remains high even in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer due to high recurrence rates and risk of progression. while apoptosis deregulation h ...	2016	27326411
distinct oligoclonal band antibodies in multiple sclerosis recognize ubiquitous self-proteins.	oligoclonal ig bands (ocbs) of the cerebrospinal fluid are a hallmark of multiple sclerosis (ms), a disabling inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (cns). ocbs are locally produced by clonally expanded antigen-experienced b cells and therefore are believed to hold an important clue to the pathogenesis. however, their target antigens have remained unknown, mainly because it was thus far not possible to isolate distinct ocbs against a background of polyclonal antibodies. to overcome t ...	2016	27325759
molecular survey of arthropod-borne pathogens in sheep keds (melophagus ovinus), central europe.	in the study, we screened a total of 399 adult sheep keds (melophagus ovinus) for the presence of rna and dna specific for arboviral, bacterial, and protozoan vector-borne pathogens. all investigated keds were negative for flaviviruses, phleboviruses, bunyaviruses, borrelia burgdorferi, rickettsia spp., anaplasma phagocytophilum, "candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis," and babesia spp. all ked pools were positive for bartonella dna. the sequencing of the amplified fragments of the glta and 16s-23s ...	2016	27325400
evidence that bosr (bb0647) is a positive autoregulator in borrelia burgdorferi.	borrelia burgdorferi survives in nature through a complex tick-mammalian life cycle. during its transit between ticks and mammalian hosts, b. burgdorferi must dramatically alter its outer surface profile in order to interact with and adapt to these two diverse niches. it has been established that the regulator bosr (bb0647) in b. burgdorferi plays important roles in modulating borrelial host adaptation. however, to date, how bosr expression itself is controlled in b. burgdorferi remains largely ...	2016	27324485
acute isolated partial oculomotor nerve palsy due to lyme neuroborreliosis in a 5 year old girl.	lyme neuroborreliosis is a frequent cause of facial nerve palsy in children, isolated oculomotor nerve palsy due to borrelia-associated nervous system infection however is rarely seen. here we report a case of isolated oculomotor nerve palsy due to a nervous system infection with borrelia burgdorferi in childhood and restitutio in integrum after intravenous antibiotic therapy.	2016	27323659
current guidelines, common clinical pitfalls, and future directions for laboratory diagnosis of lyme disease, united states.	in the united states, lyme disease is caused by borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted to humans by blacklegged ticks. patients with an erythema migrans lesion and epidemiologic risk can receive a diagnosis without laboratory testing. for all other patients, laboratory testing is necessary to confirm the diagnosis, but proper interpretation depends on symptoms and timing of illness. the recommended laboratory test in the united states is 2-tiered serologic analysis consisting of an enzyme-linked i ...	2016	27314832
bacterial amyloid and dna are important constituents of senile plaques: further evidence of the spirochetal and biofilm nature of senile plaques.	it has long been known that spirochetes form clumps or micro colonies in vitro and in vivo. cortical spirochetal colonies in syphilitic dementia were considered as reproductive centers for spirochetes. historic and recent data demonstrate that senile plaques in alzheimer's disease (ad) are made up by spirochetes. spirochetes, are able to form biofilm in vitro. senile plaques are also reported to contain elements of biofilm constituents. we expected that aβpp and aβ (the main components of senile ...	2016	27314530
comparison of growth of borrelia afzelii, borrelia garinii, and borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto at five different temperatures.	lyme borreliosis is caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, a fastidious bacterium that replicates slowly and requires special conditions to grow in the laboratory. borrelia isolation from clinical material is a golden standard for microbiological diagnosis of borrelial infection. important factors that affect in vitro borrelia growth are temperature of incubation and number of borrelia cells in the sample. the aim of the study was to assess the influence of temperature on borr ...	2016	27310556
clinical decision rules for acute bacterial meningitis: current insights.	acute community-acquired bacterial meningitis (bm) requires rapid diagnosis so that suitable treatment can be instituted within 60 minutes of admitting the patient. the cornerstone of diagnostic examination is lumbar puncture, which enables microbiological analysis and determination of the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) cytochemical characteristics. however, microbiological testing is not sufficiently sensitive to rule out this diagnosis. with regard to the analysis of standard csf cytochemical chara ...	2016	27307768
bilateral facial paralysis: a 13-year experience.	bilateral facial palsy is a rare clinical entity caused by myriad disparate conditions requiring different treatment paradigms. lyme disease, guillain-barré syndrome, and leukemia are several examples. in this article, the authors describe the cause, the initial diagnostic approach, and the management of long-term sequelae of bilateral paralysis that has evolved in the authors' center over the past 13 years.	2016	27307336
contrasting emergence of lyme disease across ecosystems.	global environmental changes are causing lyme disease to emerge in europe. the life cycle of ixodes ricinus, the tick vector of lyme disease, involves an ontogenetic niche shift, from the larval and nymphal stages utilizing a wide range of hosts, picking up the pathogens causing lyme disease from small vertebrates, to the adult stage depending on larger (non-transmission) hosts, typically deer. because of this complexity the role of different host species for emergence of lyme disease remains co ...	2016	27306947
novel borrelia species detected in echidna ticks, bothriocroton concolor, in australia.	to date, little has been documented about microorganisms harboured within australian native ticks or their pathogenic potential. recently, a borrelia sp. related to the relapsing fever (rf) group was identified in a single tick removed from a wild echidna (tachyglossus aculeatus). the present study investigated the presence of borrelia in 97 bothriocroton concolor ticks parasitizing echidnas in queensland, new south wales, and victoria, australia, using nested pcr with borrelia-specific primers ...	2016	27301754
treatment of lyme disease.		2016	27299621
acute borrelia infection inducing an apmppe-like picture.	acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (apmppe) is an uncommon disorder of unknown etiology affecting the retina, the retinal pigment epithelium, and the choroid. although several etiological factors have been suggested, none has been confirmed. we report a case of apmppe associated with acute infection of borreliosis. a 30-year-old man presented with a decrease in vision in the right eye of about 1-week duration. his visual acuity in the right eye was 6/36. fundus exam reveal ...	2016	27294731
symptomatic co-infection with babesia microti and borrelia burgdorferi in patient after international exposure; a challenging case in poland.	the report presents a well-documented case of symptomatic co-infection of babesia microti and borrelia burgdorferi in a polish immunocompetent patient after travelling to canada and the usa.	2016	27294655
palisaded neutrophilic and granulomatous dermatitis - cutaneous manifestation of lyme disease or connected with ctd? case report.	palisaded neutrophilic and granulomatous dermatitis (pngd) are terms which include such diseases as rheumatoid nodules, churg-strauss granuloma, and interstitial granulomatous dermatitis with arthritis. this heterogeneous group was first described in 1965. it is associated with immunological diseases. there are reported cases of coexistence with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, wegener's granuloma, inflammatory bowel disease, generalized vascular inflammation, and lymphoprolif ...	2016	27294654
synthesis of th17 cytokines in the culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato.	th17 lymphocytes and their cytokines, interleukin 17a (il-17a), il-17f and il-22, participate in the response to extracellular bacteria and in the autoimmunity and may be engaged in the pathogenesis of lyme borreliosis. concentrations were measured of il-17a, il-17f and il-22 in the supernatant of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) culture stimulated with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (b. burgdorferi).	2016	27294626
the characterization of escherichia coli cpdb as a recombinant protein reveals that, besides having the expected 3´-nucleotidase and 2´,3´-cyclic mononucleotide phosphodiesterase activities, it is also active as cyclic dinucleotide phosphodiesterase.	endogenous cyclic diadenylate phosphodiesterase activity was accidentally detected in lysates of escherichia coli bl21. since this kind of activity is uncommon in gram-negative bacteria, its identification was undertaken. after partial purification and analysis by denaturing gel electrophoresis, renatured activity correlated with a protein identified by fingerprinting as cpdb (cpdb gene product), which is annotated as 3´-nucleotidase / 2´,3´-cyclic-mononucleotide phosphodiesterase, and it is syn ...	2016	27294396
dramatic response to a 3-week course of ceftriaxone in late neuroborreliosis mimicking atypical dementia and normal pressure hydrocephalus.		2016	27288794