Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| [virus-specific proteins of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever]. | a variant of asian strain hodzha of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (hodzha-a), adapted to vero-e6 culture and yielding high harvest in it, was used for analysis of the synthesis of virus-specific proteins and protein composition of virions. major virus-specific proteins with mol. weights 110, 83, 78, 55, 57, and 45 kd and minor low-molecular-weight proteins of 42, 36, 23, and 21 kd were detected by immunoprecipitation with hyperimmune ascitic fluid and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in infe ... | 2001 | 11450138 |
| [sequencing and comparative analysis of the complete glycoprotein gene of three crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus chinese isolates]. | to determine the complete sequences of glycoprotein (m) gene of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) chinese isolates (xinjiang hemorrhagic fever virus, xhfv) ba66019, ba8402 ba88166 and to compare and analyze the relationships among the viruses. | 2001 | 11436635 |
| effects of heating plasma at 56 degrees c for 30 min and at 60 degrees c for 60 min on routine biochemistry analytes. | 2000 | 11085629 | |
| [introduction to sterilization and disinfection of medical wastes contaminated with human virus]. | in this paper, we describe sterilization and disinfection of medical wastes contaminated with blood borne-virus, such as ebola virus, marburg virus, crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus, lassa virus, hepatitis b virus and human immunodeficiency virus. | 2000 | 10901040 |
| [crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in rostov province: the epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak]. | the results of the epidemiological analysis of the outbreak of hemorrhagic fever which was caused by crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus and occurred during the period of july 3-19, 1999, in the oblivskaya district of rostov province are presented. the specific epidemiological features of the outbreak have been determined. the possible versions of the appearance of the focus of infection and the role of ixodes ticks in the circulation of the infective agent are discussed. | 2000 | 10808571 |
| [the laboratory diagnosis of an outbreak of hemorrhagic fever at oblivskaya village, rostov province: proof of the etiological role of the crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus]. | the results of the molecular biological detection of the etiologic agent of hemorrhagic fever in rostov province are presented. the role of the causative agents of astrakhan rickettsial fever, hemorrhagic fever with the renal syndrome, q fever, leptospirosis and listeriosis has been excluded by means of such immunochemical reactions as the direct and indirect immunofluorescent tests, the solid-phase immunoenzyme assay, the complement fixation test and the agglutination test. the relationship bet ... | 2000 | 10808570 |
| crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever: a seroepidemiological and tick survey in the sultanate of oman. | in 1995 and 1996, 4 persons from the sultanate of oman were confirmed with clinical crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf). to assess the prevalence of cchf virus infection in oman, a convenience sample of imported and domestic animals from farms, abattoirs and livestock markets was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies to cchf virus. ticks were collected from selected animals, identified, pooled by species, host and location and tested for ... | 2000 | 10747269 |
| an outbreak of west nile fever among migrants in kisangani, democratic republic of congo. | in february 1998, an outbreak of acute febrile illness was reported from the kapalata military camp in kisangani, the democratic republic of congo. the illness was characterized by an acute onset of fever associated with severe headache, arthralgia, backache, neurologic signs, abdominal pain, and coughing. in 1 individual, hemorrhagic manifestations were observed. the neurologic signs included an altered level of consciousness, convulsions, and coma. malaria was initially suspected, but the pati ... | 1999 | 10674664 |
| experimental infection of vaccinated slaughter ostriches in a natural, open-air feedlot facility with virulent newcastle disease virus. | the presence of virulent newcastle disease virus (ndv) since the 1993-94 epidemic in southern africa holds major implications for the export of ostrich products from this region. a challenge experiment with this field strain was conducted in open-air feedlot facilities under strict biosecurity measures. the experiment was designed to follow vaccination and preslaughter quarantine regulations currently enforced in south african export ostrich facilities in order to determine the viremia period an ... | 1999 | 10494412 |
| [experimental transmission of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus by rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (acarina:ixodidae)]. | we have conducted experiments to assess the ability of rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi tick to transmit the crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) and determine their reproductive cycle. the rh. e. evertsi was infected by intracoelomic (transparietal and intra-anal) inoculation during the imaginal stases and by oral feeding on an infected viremic goat during imaginal and nymphal stases. the infection rate, transovarial and trans-stasial cchf virus transmission were monitored for virus reisolation ... | 1999 | 10472436 |
| [experimental transmission of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus: role of 3 vector species in the maintenance and transmission cycles in senegal]. | in this article, we published the role of three species of ticks amblyomma variegatum (fabricius, 1974), hyalomma marginatum rufipes (koch, 1844) and hyalomma truncatum (koch, 1844) in the maintenance and transmission of the cchf virus. the imagos of these species were infected by intracoelomic route. vertical transmission (transtasial and transovarial) and horizontal transmission for different stases were studied by isolation on newborn mice, polymerase chain reaction, indirect immunofluorescen ... | 1999 | 10229934 |
| [crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever]. | 1999 | 10088346 | |
| biological and clinical responses of west african sheep to crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus experimental infection. | west african sheep appear to play a central role as virus hosts in the maintenance cycle of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus in endemic areas and also because of their role as a principal host of the cchf virus tick vector. in an effort to clarify cchf epidemiological significance in sheep, we studied the biological and clinical aspects of sheep experimentally infected with cchf virus. west african sheep breeds were infected either by intraperitoneal inoculation or by infestation wi ... | 1998 | 9923021 |
| experimental infection of ostriches with crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus. | following the occurrence of an outbreak of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) among workers at an ostrich abattoir in south africa in 1996, 9 susceptible young ostriches were infected subcutaneously with the virus in order to study the nature of the infection which they undergo. the ostriches developed viraemia which was demonstrable on days 1-4 following infection, with a maximum intensity of 4.0 log10 mouse intracerebral ld50/ml being recorded on day 2 in 1 of the birds. virus was detecta ... | 1998 | 9825796 |
| the use of a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for the detection of viral nucleic acid in the diagnosis of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever. | a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was applied retrospectively to 80 stored serum samples from 45 confirmed crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) patients in southern africa, and it was found that viral rna could be detected in a proportion of samples up to day 16 of illness. early in the disease there is relatively good correlation between the results obtained by rt-pcr and virus isolation, but after the first week it appears that infective virus is progressively clear ... | 1998 | 9562407 |
| [adaptation of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus to culture in vero-e6 cells]. | adaptation of the crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus to continuous culturing in vero-e6 cells was studied by coculturing of infected and intact cells. adapted strain hoja-a exerted a complete cytocidal effect and was characterized by a high level of virus accumulation in the early period of the infection. the resultant strain survived through more than 80 passages and retained the newly acquired properties; lyophilized, it can be stored for a long time. availability of such a strain op ... | 1997 | 9499243 |
| detection of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus antibodies in humans and imported livestock in saudi arabia. | a survey of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus antibody, using the reversed passive haemagglutination inhibition test, was carried out in saudi arabia on sera from imported livestock at jeddah seaport, as well as humans who had contact with imported animals on farms and in quarantine stations. antibodies were detected in 3/354 (0.8%) humans, 88/2162 (4.1%) sheep, 14/432 (3.2%) goats and 1/182 (0.6%) cattle. camel and horse sera were negative. the sudanese small ruminants had the highest sero ... | 1997 | 9463660 |
| an outbreak of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in the united arab emirates, 1994-1995. | a multi-faceted investigation was conducted in the united arab emirates to characterize the epidemiologic and ecologic factors underlying an outbreak of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) noted in november 1994 among abattoir workers. a chart review was conducted among hospitalized suspected cases of viral hemorrhagic fever with onset between january 1994 and march 1995 coupled with serologic testing of available specimens for the presence of virus antigen and igg and igm antibodies by elisa ... | 1997 | 9392589 |
| molecular investigation of a multisource outbreak of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in the united arab emirates. | during the investigation of an outbreak of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) in the united arab emirates (uae) between 1994 and 1995, blood samples from suspected cchf cases and ticks collected from livestock were tested for cchf virus by antigen-capture elisa and by a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. phylogenetic analysis of partial small (s) segment nucleotide sequences from four ticks and five human samples showed that with one exception, all the human and tick viruses cl ... | 1997 | 9392588 |
| immunohistochemical and in situ localization of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus in human tissues and implications for cchf pathogenesis. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a potentially fatal disease that occurs in parts of africa, asia, and eastern europe, and that is caused by a recently emerged bunyavirus. rapid laboratory diagnosis of cchf infection is essential and is currently performed by virus isolation and serology. histopathologic studies have been limited to a small number of cases, and little is known about the cellular tropism of cchf virus and the pathogenesis of this disease. | 1997 | 9278612 |
| crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus infection in the western province of saudi arabia. | in 1990, an outbreak of suspected viral haemorrhagic fever involving 7 individuals occurred in mecca in the western province of saudi arabia. congo-crimean haemorrhagic fever (cchf), not previously known to be present in saudi arabia, was incriminated. a study of the epidemiology of this virus was therefore carried out in mecca, and in nearby jeddah and taif in 1991-1993; 13 species of ixodid ticks (5 hyalomma spp., 5 rhipicephalus spp., 2 amblyomma spp., 1 boophilus sp.) were collected from liv ... | 1997 | 9231193 |
| [serologic diagnosis of crimean hemorrhagic fever in kosovo and metohia]. | in the period june-november 1995, 292 sera from 159 patients and 80 healthy persons from kosovo and metohia were tested for the presence of antibodies against the causative agents of crimean hemorrhagic fever (chf) and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). diffusion precipitation test in agar gel and indirect immunofluorescence assay were used. specific antibodies against chf virus were found in 6.9% and against hfrs virus in 15.1 patient's sera. antibodies against chf virus were proved ... | 1996 | 9229966 |
| transmission of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus by hyalomma impeltatum (acari:ixodidae) after experimental infection. | we examined the potential for hyalomma impeltatum schulze & schlottke ticks to transmit crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus. after feeding on 1-d-old mice that had been inoculated with cchf virus, larval h. impeltatum became infected with and subsequently transmitted cchf virus transstadially to nymphs. these nymphs transmitted virus horizontally to guinea pigs and transstadially to adults. a minimum of 13% of the adult h. impeltatum, exposed to virus as larvae, transmitted virus by bit ... | 1996 | 8840695 |
| travel-related vector-borne virus infections in germany. | laboratory diagnosis of imported, vector-borne virus diseases during a 22-month-period in munich, germany, is summarized. in 13/317 germans returning from the mediterranean with suspected sandfly fever, acute sandfly fever, serotype toscana, was confirmed serologically: 84.6% of the infections were acquired in italy. of 249 german tourists with febrile disease returning from the tropics, acute infection with dengue virus was diagnosed serologically in 26 (10.4%): most infections were acquired in ... | 1996 | 8800806 |
| polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis and identification of distinct variants of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in the united arab emirates. | viral hemorrhagic fever has re-emerged in the united arab emirates (uae) since november 1993. genomic rna of crimean-congo hemorrhagic virus (c-chfv) was detected by a newly developed, nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) in the sera of four (25.0%) of 16 suspected cases of viral hemorrhagic fever. the rt-pcr was based on oligonucleotide primers deducted from the small rna segment encoding the nucleoprotein of the virus. by comparison with a nucleotide sequence of a c- ... | 1996 | 8780459 |
| crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever in oman. | 1996 | 8758080 | |
| seroprevalence of five arboviruses in zebu cattle in the central african republic. | sequential blood samples taken from 237 adult and 147 young zebu cattle in the central african republic (car) were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of antibodies to rift valley fever (rvf), dugbe (dug), crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf), chikungunya (chik) and wesselsbron (wsl) viruses. antibodies to dug and cchf viruses were detected in 70% and 61% respectively, of the sera from adult cattle, probably due to common antigens. this hypothesis is supported by th ... | 1996 | 8730305 |
| transmission of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in two species of hyalomma ticks from infected adults to cofeeding immature forms. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus was transmitted from infected adult hyalomma ticks to uninfected larval and nymphal hyalomma ticks while cofeeding on a guinea pig host that did not have a detectable viremia. when tested after feeding with infected adults, three (0.8%) of 370 h. truncatum larvae contained detectable cchf virus (mean virus titer 10(1.6) plaque-forming units [pfu]/tick). the virus was transmitted transstadially from infected larvae and was detected in 15 (1.2%) of 1,25 ... | 1993 | 8480867 |
| experimental vector incompetence of a soft tick, ornithodoros sonrai (acari: argasidae), for crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus. | adults and nymphs of a soft tick, ornithodoros sonrai sautet & witkowski, were allowed to feed on suckling mice that had been experimentally infected with crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus (ibar 10200 strain). the mean viral titer of mouse blood at the time of tick feeding was 10(3.2) plaque-forming units (pfu) per ml. samples of ticks were assayed on 12 occasions between days 0 and 31 after the viremic blood meal. mean cchf viral titers were 10(2.1) pfu per tick immediately after the ... | 1993 | 8459431 |
| antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection and quantification of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in the tick, hyalomma truncatum. | a viral antigen-capture elisa was compared to a viral plaque-assay on human cell monolayers for detection and quantification of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in triturated experimentally infected hyalomma truncatum ticks. in suspensions of ticks exposed as larvae to viremic mice, the elisa detected 13% positive as compared to 3% (n = 721) positive by plaque-assay. adult ticks inoculated with virus and sampled up to 102 days later were 84% positive by elisa compared to 36% (n = 273) posit ... | 1993 | 8320308 |
| ribavirin efficacy in an in vivo model of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchf) infection. | after intraperitoneal (i.p.) infection of infant mice with cchf virus, virus titers in liver remained significantly higher than in other organs except blood (serum). within the liver, virus antigen was first found by immunofluorescence (ifa) in kupffer cells followed by more extensive hepatic spread. later, virus was found in other organs including brain and heart. ribavirin treatment significantly reduced infant mouse mortality and extended the geometric mean time to death. ribavirin treatment ... | 1993 | 8279818 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of antibody to crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus in the sera of livestock and wild vertebrates. | igm antibody response to crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus was monitored in experimentally infected sheep and cattle by an igm capture enzyme-linked immunoassay (elisa). specific binding of antigen was detected by a rabbit anti-cchf horseradish peroxidase conjugate or a sandwich technique with hyperimmune mouse anti-cchf ascitic fluid and commercially available anti-mouse immunoglobulin peroxidase conjugate. the persistence of igm antibody activity was found to be of shorter duration ... | 1993 | 8270014 |
| [surveillance of the circulation of arbovirus of medical interest in the region of eastern senegal]. | a study about the circulation of arboviruses of medical interest in southeastern senegal was conducted from 1988 to 1991, during and around the periods of transmission. specific igm antibodies were detected by elisa test in human sera, as a sign of a recent infection within 2 to 5 months. the comparison of the serological igm results from human surveys in different villages, and the isolations of arboviruses from mosquitoes during the same period of time permitted a rapid and global evaluation o ... | 1993 | 8099299 |
| detection of human antibodies to crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus using expressed viral nucleocapsid protein. | diagnosis of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus infections is hampered by the problems of handling this human pathogen, which requires the highest levels of biological containment. recombinant antigens were examined for their potential as non-hazardous diagnostic reagents. the nucleocapsid (n) gene of the greek ap92 isolate of cchf virus was sequenced from cloned pcr products and the open reading frame was identified by homology to the n protein of a chinese isolate of cchf virus. the ... | 1994 | 8077915 |
| crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus infection in birds: field investigations in senegal. | in senegal, wild ground-feeding birds are frequently infested with immature ticks. in two areas where numerous crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus isolations were obtained from hyalomma marginatum rufipes adult ticks collected on ungulates, 175 birds were captured and sera collected. cchf antibodies were detected by elisa in 6/22 red-beaked hornbills (tockus erythrorhynchus), 2/11 glossy starlings (lamprotornis sp.) and 1/3 guinea fowls. the virus was isolated from h. m. rufipes nymphs ... | 1994 | 8059064 |
| experimental transmission of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus by west african wild ground-feeding birds to hyalomma marginatum rufipes ticks. | hyalomma (h.) marginatum rufipes ticks commonly infest birds and are potential vectors of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus in west africa. an experimental model for investigating the role of birds in the cchf virus transmission cycle was developed. following cchf virus inoculation, antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in one red-beaked hornbill and one glossy starling, but not in two laughing doves and six domestic chickens. none of the birds showed a detecta ... | 1994 | 8024058 |
| [crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in senegal. latest data on the ecology of the cchf virus]. | the authors finalize the knowledge on the ecology of the cchf virus in senegal, west africa. they specify two new major data for the understanding of the viral ecology in west africa. the recognition of a bird species, common and widely distributed in senegal (tockus erythrorhynchus, coraciiformes, bucerotidae), that replicates the virus and infects the immature stages of its current parasite hyalomma marginatum rufipes in more than 90% of the cases, explains why the minimum infection rate of th ... | 1994 | 8003897 |
| serodiagnosis of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever. | several methods for demonstrating antibody to crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus were compared on serum samples taken from 101 patients during the acute stage of illness and at intervals for up to 59 months thereafter, with emphasis on early detection of the immune response. the deaths of 23 patients on days 5-14 of illness were ascribed to the effects of the disease; two patients died later from other causes. very few of the patients who died from the acute illness mounted an antibody respo ... | 1994 | 7995364 |
| update: management of patients with suspected viral hemorrhagic fever--united states. | in 1988, cdc published guidelines for managing patients with suspected viral hemorrhagic fever (vhf) (1). pending a comprehensive review of the 1988 guidelines, this notice provides interim recommendations that update the 1988 guidelines for healthcare settings in the united states. this update applies to four viruses that cause syndromes of vhf: lassa, marburg, ebola, and congo-crimean hemorrhagic fever viruses; although the risk and/or mode of nosocomial transmission differs for each of these ... | 1995 | 7783731 |
| host-passage-induced phenotypic changes in crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus. | changes in virulence of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus toward intracerebrally inoculated suckling mice (sm) were studied in relation to different host-passage histories. two cchf virus strains, one isolated from a human and the other from a tick, were passaged through various vertebrate and tick hosts and then reisolated and tested for their virulence toward sm. in various experiments, sm were inoculated with 12 different viral suspensions, each having a specific passage history. ... | 1995 | 7638437 |
| crimean congo-haemorrhagic fever treated with oral ribavirin. | crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) is an often-lethal haemorrhagic fever caused by a tick-borne virus. there are no published data on ribavirin treatment of cchf-infected patients, despite established in-vitro and in-vivo sensitivity. we report three health workers--two surgeons and a hospital worker--infected with cchf virus in pakistan who were treated with oral ribavirin 4 g/day for four days, then 2.4 g/day for six days. intravenous ribavirin was unavailable. all three patients were sev ... | 1995 | 7637481 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. update: management of patients with suspected viral hemorrhagic fever--united states. | 1995 | 7616624 | |
| antibodies to hemorrhagic fever viruses in domestic livestock in niger: rift valley fever and crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever. | a repository of domestic animal sera collected in niger between 1984 and 1988 was assayed for antibody against two zoonotic hemorrhagic fever viruses known to be present in the west african sahel. a total of 2,540 serum samples from 2,324 cattle, sheep, goats, and camels were tested by an igg-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and the 80% plaque reduction neutralization test (prnt80) for rift valley fever (rvf) virus antibody. of the 2,540 sera tested for rvf-specific igg antibod ... | 1995 | 7573699 |
| crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever in oman. | 1995 | 7475685 | |
| serological evidence of human infection with congo-crimean hemorrhagic fever virus in greece. | 1982 | 6812443 | |
| laboratory characteristics of the "yarmouk" strain of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus. | the "yarmouk" strain of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus lost 78% and 42% of its infective titers after treatment with ether and chloroform respectively. it lost completely its infectivity property after treatment with sodium deoxycholate. the virus was completely inactivated by heating at 56, 60 and 70 degrees c for 30, 10 and 5 minutes respectively. neither virus growth nor viral antigen were detected in primary cell cultures of lamb testis, rabbit kidney and chicken embryo fibrol ... | 1981 | 6806206 |
| antibodies to crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus in domestic animals in iraq: a seroepidemiological survey. | a seroepidemiological survey to determine the prevalence of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus and its circulation among animals in iraq was carried out in 1980. sera were collected from 2205 animals of different species in three different faunal areas of the country. sera were tested by complement fixation test for quantitative determination of antibodies to cchf virus. among 769 sheep tested 443 (57.6%) were positive; 279 of 562 (49.64%) goat sera; 122 of 411 (29.28%) cattle sera; 1 ... | 1981 | 6806205 |
| immunosorbent assays for diagnosis of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf). | utilization of direct and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and solid-phase radioimmunoassay (spria) for the diagnosis of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) allows the detection of low amounts of infectious virus (2 log ld50) or inactivated antigen and antibody to cchf within 5-6 hours. these methods were shown to be more sensitive, specific, rapid, and reproducible than the complement-fixation test, immunofluorescence, hemagglutination, or radial diffusion in gel. the exper ... | 1982 | 6800272 |
| congo/crimean haemorrhagic fever virus from iraq 1979: i. morphology in bhk21 cells. | congo-crimean haemorrhagic fever virus, isolated from a patient in iraq, was grown, after passage in suckling mouse brain, in bhk cells. the particles matured after 8-9 days in these cells by budding, usually singly, into cytoplasmic vacuoles throughout the host cells. the virions had an overall diameter of 115 to 125 nm, including rounded surface spikes 15 nm long and 10 nm wide. the viral cores, surrounded by a lipid unit membrane, contained discrete electron-dense elements. it is suggested th ... | 1981 | 6798952 |
| [crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus antibodies in people living in natural reservoirs]. | 1981 | 6798753 | |
| congo/crimean haemorrhagic fever in iraq. | congo/crimean haemorrhagic fever was recognized for the first time in iraq in 1979. the first case was reported on 3 september 1979 and since then a further 9 patients have been investigated. eight patients gave a history of previous contact with sheep or cattle, while 2 patients, a resident doctor and an auxiliary nurse, acquired their infections in hospital by direct contact with patients. the causal virus was isolated from patients' blood and postmortem liver specimens. the virus isolates wer ... | 1981 | 6790183 |
| congo/crimean haemorrhagic fever in iraq: a seroepidemiological survey. | a seroepidemiological survey to determine the prevalence of congo/crimean haemorrhagic fever virus activity in iraq was carried out during 1979 and 1980. sera were collected from 1680 people including contacts of known patients, abattoir workers and animal husbandry workers in various parts of the country. these were tested by complement fixation and agar gel precipitin tests. among patients' relatives and contacts, 29% had antibodies to congo/crimean haemorrhagic fever; 11% of hospital staff, 7 ... | 1981 | 6787211 |
| [crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever: epidemiology, symptomatology, management and prognosis]. | 1980 | 6771445 | |
| [pathogenic microbiology of international communicable diseases]. | 1980 | 6771443 | |
| [growth characteristics of xinjiang hemorrhagic fever virus propagating in primary kidney cells of mouse]. | 1984 | 6443073 | |
| [etiology and serology of xinjiang hemorrhagic fever]. | 1984 | 6442623 | |
| [detection of the antigens of the virus of congo-crimean hemorrhagic fever by solid-phase immunoenzyme analysis and by the indirect hemagglutination reaction]. | from a batch of immunoglobulin to crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus, an immunosorbent and a conjugate with peroxidase (rz-2.7) for solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (eia) as well as erythrocyte diagnostic preparation for indirect hemagglutination test (iha) were obtained. direct eia and iha were used to study the time course of accumulation of virus antigen in brain tissue of newborn white mice. antigen titres by eia were 4-8 times as low as by iha. no functional relationship was found between ... | 1984 | 6442044 |
| [rapid diagnosis of crimean hemorrhagic fever in the indirect reaction to hemagglutination]. | the possibility of using indirect hemagglutination test (iha) with erythrocyte immunoglobulin diagnosticum for detection of chf virus in the blood of patients early after the onset was studied. it was shown that viremia could be detected by the iha test within 2-3 hours provided the blood was collected not later that 8 days after the onset of the disease. the sensitivity of the test for the detection of viremia is as high as that of bioassays. the iha test may also be used for the detection of c ... | 1984 | 6440359 |
| preliminary report on arbovirus-antibody prevalence among patients in kuwait: evidence of congo/crimean virus infection. | from two major hospitals in kuwait 502 sera were randomly selected from patients during the period december 1979 to october 1982. serological investigations demonstrated flavivirus activity in the area and antibody to congo/crimean haemorrhagic fever virus was found in 4% of the samples. clinical data indicate that some cases may have been due to recent congo/crimean virus infection. | 1984 | 6435292 |
| prevalence of antibodies to crimean-haemorrhagic fever-congo virus in cattle in northern nigeria. | a seroepidemiological survey was carried out to determine the prevalence of antibodies to crimean-haemorrhagic fever - congo(chf-c) virus among cattle in 3 ranches with varying degree of tick infestation. sera were collected from 1164 animals and were tested by agar gel diffusion precipitation test (agpt) for antibodies to chf-c virus. about 25.7% of the sera had precipitating antibodies against chf-c virus. there was no significant difference in the prevalence of antibodies between the ranches ... | 1983 | 6427128 |
| antibodies against haemorrhagic fever viruses in kenya populations. | human sera from lodwar (77 sera), nzoia (841 sera), masinga (251 sera), laisamis (174 sera) and the malindi/kilifi area (556 sera) in kenya were tested by indirect immunofluorescence for antibodies against marburg, ebola (zaire and sudan strains), congo haemorrhagic fever, rift valley fever and lassa viruses. antibodies against ebola virus, particularly the zaire strain, were detected in all regions and were, over-all, more abundant than antibodies against the other antigens. ebola and marburg a ... | 1983 | 6419422 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in south africa. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus was isolated for the first time in south africa in february 1981, from the blood of a 13-year-old boy who died in johannesburg after attending a camp in a nature reserve in the western transvaal. virus was isolated from 21/120 pools of questing ticks from the nature reserve, the infected species being hyalomma marginatum rufipes and h. truncatum. virus was also isolated from 4/38 pools of partially engorged ticks and other ectoparasites collected off hosts, ... | 1983 | 6418019 |
| [characteristics of xinjiang hemorrhagic fever virus. iii. electron microscopic observation of xinjiang hemorrhagic fever virus]. | 1983 | 6414713 | |
| [characteristics of xinjiang hemorrhagic fever virus. ii. physicochemical properties of xinjiang hemorrhagic fever virus]. | 1983 | 6414712 | |
| [studies on the characteristics of xinjiang hemorrhagic fever virus. i. serological relationship between crimian-congo hemorrhagic fever virus and xinjiang hemorrhagic fever virus]. | 1983 | 6414711 | |
| [preliminary study on antigenicity of xinjiang hemorrhagic fever virus]. | 1983 | 6411347 | |
| reversed passive hemagglutination and inhibition with rift valley fever and crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever viruses. | reversed passive hemagglutination (rpha) tests were performed by coating glutaraldehyde-fixed and tannic acid-treated sheep erthrocytes with antibodies to rift valley fever (rvf) and crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) viruses. cells coated with crude antibody, in the form of mouse immune ascitic fluid, reacted with high specificity and sensitivity in rpha tests with live or inactivated virus antigens. in inhibition (rphi) tests, rvf antibody titers in human and sheep sera were similar to tho ... | 1983 | 6407347 |
| biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae) and human health. | 1983 | 6312046 | |
| exotic viral diseases. | marburg virus disease, lassa fever, monkeypox, and ebola virus diseases of humans have all been recognized since 1967. these are examples of some of the exotic virus diseases which through importation may present a potential public health problem in the united states. some of these viruses are also highly hazardous to laboratory and medical personnel. this paper is a review of the general characteristics, the epidemiology, and laboratory diagnosis of the exotic viruses which have been described ... | 1980 | 6246685 |
| a method for increasing the surface details of resin embedded viruses using congo/crimean haemorrhagic fever virus as a model. | the surface details of resin embedded viruses can be greatly enhanced by the use of uranyl acetate block staining. the virions are embedded in agar immediately after fixation and block stained with 3% uranyl acetate in methanol during dehydration. this technique allows those particles outside their host cells to show clearly the spikes normally seen only by the separate use of negative staining. | 1984 | 6200490 |
| close relationship of crimean hemorrhagic fever-congo (chf-c) virus strains by neutralizing antibody assays. | strains of crimean hemorrhagic fever-congo (chf-c) virus originating in widely separated points representing diverse zoogeograhiczl and ecological areas were compared by a neutralization of fluorescent foci of infection-test, in an attempt to determine whether antigenic differences could be detected among the strains. minor differences were found which could be confirmed by reciprocal kinetic neutralization tests with one-injection immune sera if the results were analyzed by linear regression. h ... | 1980 | 6157333 |
| isolation of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever and rift valley fever viruses in upper volta. | 1984 | 6144896 | |
| taxonomic features of causative agent of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. | 1982 | 6121241 | |
| crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus in iraq: isolation, identification and electron microscopy. | crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus was isolated for the first time in iraq from the blood of three patients. it caused a cytopathic effect in lamb kidney and bhk-21 cell cultures. the virus particles were spherical, enveloped and had 90 nm in diameter similar particles were found in ultrathin sections of the liver from two fatal cases. the isolated virus proved to be antigenically closely related to cchf virus. | 1980 | 6111209 |
| congo/crimean haemorrhagic fever in dubai. an outbreak at the rashid hospital. | a hospital outbreak of haemorrhagic fever took place in dubai in november, 1979. the index case died in the casualty department shortly after admission. there were five secondary cases among hospital staff, two of whom died. when, 3 months after this outbreak, a patient with symptoms characteristic of haemorrhagic fever was admitted, immediate barrier nursing prevented further secondary cases. | 1980 | 6107588 |
| [rapid solid-phase immunoenzyme analysis for detecting viral antigens]. | a method of rapid direct solid-phase enzyme immunoassay cutting the time of the test down to 50 min has been developed using immunoglobulin from mouse immune ascitic fluid to crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus. | 1984 | 6098999 |
| seroepidemiology of congo virus (related to the virus of crimean haemorrhagic fever) in nigeria. | a survey for neutralizing antibodies to congo virus was carried out in nigeria. of a total sample population of 250, comprising 141 males and 109 females, 9 males and 15 females had antibody levels >/= 1.5 log neutralization index. in the age group 0-10 years 4 of 84 males and 14 of 79 females had antibody levels >/= 1.5 log neutralization index. there was no evidence of nonspecific antiviral activity in the sera tested. | 1974 | 4219295 |
| haemorrhagic fever caused by crimean congo haemorrhagic fever virus in mauritania. | 1985 | 4002301 | |
| [recognition of natural foci of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in yugoslavia]. | 1985 | 3939701 | |
| investigations following initial recognition of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever in south africa and the diagnosis of 2 further cases. | sera from 124 cattle herds were tested, and antibodies to crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) were found in 93 herds. the prevalence of antibodies was high in the interior of the country, in excess of 90% in some herds, but was less than 4% in cattle along the coast from cape town to east london. only 17 out of 1109 (1,5%) human residents of 55 farms had antibodies to cchf, while none of 164 veterinary research workers or 98 veterinarians engaged in farm animal practice had them. specimens f ... | 1985 | 3933132 |
| a common-source outbreak of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever on a dairy farm. | an outbreak of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) on a dairy farm in the orange free state in 1984 is described. forty-six cows were purchased from the western cape province in january 1984; 2 died from the tick-borne disease anaplasmosis in march and a labourer who helped butcher the carcasses became ill a few days later. another cow died at the end of april and within 9 days 4 people who had come into contact with its blood became ill. antibodies to cchf virus were found in the sera of th ... | 1985 | 3933131 |
| a nosocomial outbreak of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever at tygerberg hospital. part v. virological and serological observations. | a nosocomial outbreak of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever occurred in tygerberg hospital near cape town in september 1984 when 7 medical personnel became ill after admission of an index patient. the disease was fatal in the index and 1 secondary case, and was confirmed in the index and 6 secondary cases by isolation of the virus. an antibody response was demonstrated in the remaining patient, thought to be a tertiary case, but the fact that the patient received immune plasma therapy raises doubt ... | 1985 | 3933129 |
| a nosocomial outbreak of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever at tygerberg hospital. part iii. clinical pathology and pathogenesis. | crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) was diagnosed in 8 patients; 7 were staff members at tygerberg hospital who had been infected by a patient in whom the disease had not initially been diagnosed. two patients, the initial case and a staff member, died and 4 became seriously ill. the immunopathogenesis of cchf appears to be multifactorial. certain features were common to all patients--leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated liver enzyme values and low serum total protein levels. ultrastructur ... | 1985 | 3933128 |
| use of heat inactivated viral haemorrhagic fever antigens in serological assays. | heating for 1 h at 60 degrees c completely destroyed the infectivity of sucrose-acetone-extracted antigen of rift valley (rvf) and congo crimean haemorrhagic fever (cchf), as well as of rvf- and cchf-infected mouse brain. these antigens could be successfully used, however, for complement fixation and igm-capturing enzyme immunoassay. vero e6 cell suspensions infected with hantaviruses such as hantaan 76-118, tchoupitoulas, sr 11, gb-b, cg 18-20, hällnäs, cg 13891, seoul and prospect hill, as wel ... | 1988 | 3146583 |
| first isolation of congo-crimean haemorrhagic fever virus in madagascar. | 1988 | 3144994 | |
| field and laboratory investigation of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus (nairovirus, family bunyaviridae) infection in birds. | in november 1984 a case of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf) occurred in a worker who became ill after slaughtering ostriches (struthio camelus) on a farm near oudtshoorn in the cape province of south africa. the diagnosis was confirmed by isolation of cchf virus from the patient's serum and by demonstration of a specific antibody response. it was suspected that infection was acquired either by contact with ostrich blood or by inadvertently crushing infected hyalomma ticks while skinning o ... | 1987 | 3140434 |
| viral hemorrhagic fever antibodies in nigerian populations. | using the immunofluorescence test, a serosurvey for antibodies to five viral agents associated with hemorrhagic febrile infections was conducted with 1,677 human sera from different parts of nigeria. three hundred fifty-seven (21.3%) were positive for lassa virus antibody, while antibodies to rift valley fever virus were detected in 42 (2.5%) of the sera. testing for rift valley fever virus antibody was confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization test. antibodies to ebola and marburg viruses we ... | 1988 | 3128130 |
| evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reversed passive hemagglutination for detection of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus antigen. | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and a reversed passive hemagglutination (rpha) test were evaluated for rapid detection of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus antigens. both rpha and elisa detected cchf antigen in the brains of infant mice 2 to 3 days after infection, several days before the animals sickened and died. antigen was also detected after 1 to 2 days in infected cell culture extracts and after 2 to 4 days in culture supernatant fluids. both tests detected cchf antige ... | 1988 | 3125221 |
| preparation and use of monoclonal antibodies for identifying crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus. | seven monoclonal antibodies were prepared against a south african strain of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus and were found to be directed against viral nucleocapsid protein. five of the monoclonal antibodies reacted to high titer in indirect immunofluorescence (if) tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) with 22 strains of cchf virus and failed to cross-react with the closest antigenic relative of cchf, hazara virus, or with 4 other nairoviruses which need to be disting ... | 1987 | 3116871 |
| could crimea-congo haemorrhagic fever be a biohazard in the central african republic? | 1986 | 3111034 | |
| rapid diagnosis of human crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever and detection of the virus in naturally infected ticks. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to detect crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus-specific immunoglobulin m (igm) in human serum samples. for this test, a heat-inactivated antigen was prepared from the brains of suckling mice infected with cchf virus. the igm-capture elisa proved more sensitive than indirect fluorescence tests for igm to this virus. a human serum containing high-titer igm to cchf virus was used for an antigen-capture elisa to detect this virus in ... | 1987 | 3108314 |
| antibody to crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in wild mammals from southern africa. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus is becoming increasingly recognized as an important human pathogen in southern africa. in order to determine the role of wild mammals in the natural ecology of the virus, sera from 3,772 wild mammals of 87 species and from 1,978 domestic dogs collected in south africa and zimbabwe between 1964 and 1985 were tested for antibody to cchf virus by reversed passive hemagglutination inhibition (rphi) and by indirect immunofluorescence (if). antibody was fou ... | 1987 | 3101526 |
| epidemiologic and clinical features of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in southern africa. | following the diagnosis in 1981 of the first case of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) in south africa, an antibody survey was undertaken on cattle sera to determine the distribution of the virus and specific diagnostic tests were routinely applied to specimens from suspected cases of hemorrhagic fever to establish the medical significance of its presence. antibody to cchf virus was demonstrated by reversed passive hemagglutination-inhibition technique in 2,460/8,667 (28%) cattle sera and i ... | 1987 | 3101525 |
| [antiviral and immunostimulating effect of maleic anhydride copolymers in experimental neuroviral infections]. | the virus-inhibiting and immunostimulating activity of soviet preparations, maleic anhydride copolymers, was demonstrated in alpha-, flavi-, and bunyavirus infections. positive results were obtained in subcutaneous and intraperitoneal inoculations of the preparations used in prophylactic and therapeutic-prophylactic schedules. stimulation of vaccination immunity was observed after combined use of copolymers and the vaccine against eastern equine encephalomyelitis. | 1986 | 3099477 |
| comparison of methods for isolation and titration of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus. | the fluorescence focus assay and the plaque assay in cer cells were compared with mouse inoculation for the isolation and titration of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus. the fluorescence focus assay and the plaque assay were of similar sensitivity, but both produced 10- to 100-fold lower titers than did mouse inoculation. for specimens from 26 crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever patients in south africa, virus was isolated from 20 by mouse inoculation and from only 11 by cell culturing. although ... | 1986 | 3095367 |
| prevalence of crimean haemorrhagic fever--congo virus in jammu & kashmir state. | 1986 | 3093378 | |
| hemorrhagic fever virus infections in an isolated rainforest area of central liberia. limitations of the indirect immunofluorescence slide test for antibody screening in africa. | serum samples from 119 healthy individuals and 106 epilepsy patients inhabiting grand bassa county, liberia, were tested for antibodies to hemorrhagic fever viruses (hfv) by indirect immunofluorescence. e6 vero cells infected with lassa fever virus (las), rift valley fever virus (rvf), congo hemorrhagic fever virus (con), marburg virus (mbg) and the ebola (ebo) virus strains mayinga (may) and boniface (bon) were used as antigen. to obtain reproducible and specific test results sera had to be abs ... | 1986 | 3092415 |
| antibodies to congo-crimean haemorrhagic fever, dhori, thogoto and bhanja viruses in southern portugal. | dhori and thogoto viruses have been isolated from ticks in portugal. in this country favourable ecologic conditions exist for other tick-borne viruses such as bhanja and congo-crimean haemorrhagic fever (c-chf) viruses. a serological survey for antibodies to these 4 tick-borne viruses in 258 human and 141 goat sera was done using the plaque reduction neutralization (prn) and indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) tests. six human sera were found with antibodies to dhori (2), thogoto (2) and c-chf ( ... | 1985 | 2864836 |
| detection of crimean haemorrhagic fever virus antigen by solid phase enzyme immunosorbent assay. | solid phase enzyme immunosorbent assay (speia) is described for detection of the crimean haemorrhagic fever (chf) virus antigen in suspensions of ticks collected in the natural focus. | 1985 | 2859768 |
| crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever and rift valley fever in south-eastern mauritania. | 1985 | 2857020 |