Publications

in vitro synthesis of beta-galactosidase with ilv-lac fusion deoxyribonucleic acid as template.	an in vitro protein-synthesizing system has been developed to study the mechanism of induction of ilvc gene in escherichia coli strain k-12. deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) from a lambda phage carrying an ilvc-lac fusion was employed as a template for the in vitro synthesis of beta-galactosidase under the control of the ilvc promoter. the use of this template allowed an investigation of the components required for induction of the ilvc gene and the kinetics of the induction. the in vitro synthesis o ...	1977	411784
[repair of recombinant plasmids].	comparative analysis of uv-sensitivity was carried out on plasmids of various molecular weight. recombinant plasmids containing fragments of prokaryotic dna (e. coli, phage lambda) are repaired in e. coli cells more effectively than those containing eukaryotic dna fragments. it was also shown that uv-sensitivity of recombinant plasmids is independent of their molecular weight provided that the active repair process in fact occurs. uv-sensitivity was strongly proporational to dna size only when e ...	1979	398000
construction and characterization of a plasmid coding for a fragment of the escherichia coli reca protein.	the e. coli reca gene was cloned from the phage lambda preca into the vector pbr313. a plasmid, pjl3, was also isolated by cloning a portion of the reca gene into the vector pbr322. pjl3 coded for a fragment of the reca protein 34 kd (kilodaltons) in size (compared to 40 kd for the intact protein). this fragment was antigenically related to the reca protein and its synthesis was subject to the same controls as that of the reca protein. the fragment did not express any detectable reca function. w ...	1979	395410
physical characterisation of the "rac prophage" in e. coli k12.	we confirm the hypothesis of low (1973) that many e. coli k12 strains contain a prophage (the rac prophage) located a few minutes clockwise of the trp operon on the genetic map. we have used restriction endonucleases and 32p-labelled probes to construct a physical map of this prophage. some e. coli k12 strains, including ab1157, have lost the entire prophage, apparently by a specific deletion. this is consistent with prophage excision by site-specific recombination. lambda reverse (lambda rev) p ...	1979	390313
interaction of bacteriophage k10 with its receptor, the lamb protein of escherichia coli.	the lamb protein of escherichia coli was initially recognized as the receptor for bacteriophage lambda. it is now shown also to constitute the receptor for phage k10. the lamb protein interacts with phage k10 in vitro, but this interaction does not lead to phage inactivation. most lambda-resistant labb mutants are also resistant to k10, and vice versa. however, a significant proportion of the mutants resistant to one of the phages is sensitive to the other. nineteen k10-resistant lambda-sensitiv ...	1979	387746
in vitro transcription by wheat germ ribonucleic acid polymerase ii: effects of heparin and role of template integrity.	double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) from bacteriophage lambda is a good template for wheat germ dna-dependent ribonucleic acid (rna) polymerase ii. we delineated conditions for obtaining maximum polymerase activity using as template both the relatively intact dna extracted from the the lambda phage and dna into which single-strand nicks have been introduced by deoxyribonuclease (dnase) i digestion. the deliberate introduction of nicks produces a modest increase in transcription. the nacl ...	1979	387073
transduction of bacteriophage lambda by bacteriophage t1.	when bacteriophage t1 was grown on bacteriophage lambda-lysogenic cells, phenotypically mixed particles were formed which had the serum sensitivity, host range, and density of t1 but which gave rise to lambda phage. t1 packaged lambda genomes more efficiently both when the length of the prophage was less than that of wild-type lambda and when the host cell was polylysogenic. expression of the red genes of lambda or the rece system of escherichia coli during t1 growth enhanced pickup of lambda by ...	1979	381686
inactivation of bacteriophage lambda by combined x-ray and u.v.-light exposure.	extracellular phage lambda has been successively exposed to x-rays and u.v. light. the plaque-forming ability of the irradiated phages was determined on host cells with different repair capacities. no change in sensitivity was found with a pre-treatment of one type of radiation to lethal damage inflicted by the other. this indicates that a prerequisite for an interaction of different types of radiation is either an active metabolism or repair process occurring during the two radiation exposures.	1979	381227
cole1 plasmid incompatibility: localization and analysis of mutations affecting incompatibility.	deletion mutants of plasmid cole1 that involve the replication origin and adjacent regions of the plasmid have been studied to determine the mechanism by which those mutations affect the expression of plasmid incompatibility. it was observed that (i) a region of cole1 that is involved in the expression of plasmid incompatibility lies between base pairs -185 and -684; (ii) the integrity of at least part of the region of cole1 dna between base pairs -185 and -572 is essential for the expression of ...	1979	378980
bacteriophage lambda carrying the escherichia coli chromosomal region of the replication origin.	a transducing phage lambdaasn was isolated. the late gene region of its genome was found to have been substituted by an escherichia coli chromosomal segment containing the genes bgir, bgic, glms, unca, and asn. restriction endonuclease cleavage mapping and electron microscopic analysis of the lambdaasn dna revealed that the size of the bacterial segment is approximately 1.75 x 10(7) daltons, corresponding to about 26.4 kilobases. the circular dna of lambdaasn was digested with restriction endonu ...	1978	368808
[molecular cloning of the structural genes of the escherichia coli deo-operon in plasmid rsf2124].	a specialized phage lambda ddeo carrying the deo operon of escherichia coli is analyzed by exposing the dna to the specific restriction endonucleases ecori and bamhi. using the lambda ddeo dna fragment, obtained by digestion with bamhi and plasmid rsf2124 as a vehicle, the hybrid plasmid pam1 carrying all the genes of the deo operon is constructed and cloned in e. coli cells. it is shown that the activity of thymidine phosphorylase in the strain am061, which contains hybrid plasmid pam1 is 30-fo ...	1978	363516
correlation between uv dose requirement for lambda bacteriophage induction and lambda repressor concentration.	escherichia coli k-12 wild type and a uvra mutant derivative were used to construct isogenic strains bearing one, two, three, or more phage lambda ci genomes and containing increasing concentration of lambda repressor as measured by in vitro operator dna-binding assays. the survival and phage induction in response to uv irradiation were determined. in both strains, dose-response relationships were obtained as a function of the cellular repressor concentration. the uvra lysogens required one-tent ...	1978	353300
transfection of escherichia coli spheroplasts: infectious lambda prophage dna.	high mol. wt. dna was extracted from escherichia coli lambda lysogens and was shown to be infectious. its infectivity was due to prophage dna integrated into the host chromosome rather than to dna released from mature phage particles, as established by the following criteria: the titre of infectious dna exceeded by 100-fold the titre of infectious units present before dna extraction; mild shear selectively reduced prophage dna infectivity to 2% of the unsheared dna while lambda phage dna infecti ...	1978	351139
genes for the hook-basal body proteins of the flagellar apparatus in escherichia coli.	of the more than 30 genes required for flagellar function, 6 are located between pyrc and ptsg on the escherichia coli genetic man. this cluster of genes is called flagellar region i. four-point transductional crosses were used to establish the position and order of the region i flagellar genes with respect to the outside markers ptsg and pyrc. bacteriophage lambda-e. coli hybrids that contained most of the genes necessary for flagellar formation were constructed. the properties of specific hybr ...	1978	350831
restoration of polarity by n-deficiency in lambda phage containing a translocated trp operon segment.	when translation of trp mrna is terminated by a nonsense codon or by antibiotics like chloramphenicol, the amount of the mrna distal to the blocked ribosomes is found at much lower levels ("polarity"). polarity is alleviated when the trp mrna is formed as part of a long transcript from the phage lambda promoter pl (segawa and imamoto, 1974; franklin, 1974); but the relief of polarity is itself largely dependent on the lambda protein n. in a phage that joins the trp operon segment (trpd, c, b a) ...	1978	345080
insertion sequence is2 associated with int-constitutive mutants of bacteriophage lambda.	we have examined mutations in bacteriophage lambda called int-c, which confer elevated constitutive expression on the int gene for prophage integration. one class of mutations, which map between the b538 and bio386 endpoints, does not appear to be associated with any major chromosomal modification, whereas the second class has the is2 insertion sequence in orientation ii within the region between gene int and the b538 endpoint, all int-c mutations are within gene xis, with the possible exception ...	1977	344135
initiation of lambda dna replication in vitro promoted by isolated p-gene product.	the product of the p gene of bacteriophage lambda was isolated from heat-induced lambda-lysogenic escherichia coli cells. it was found to bind to dna, to be devoid of nuclease activity acting on double-stranded lambda dna and of nicking/closing activity. initiation of lambda dna replication promoted by the p-gene product in a complementation assay in vitro was sensitive to rifampicin. sedimentation analysis of the products and their hybridization to separated lambda dna strands indicate that lam ...	1978	342246
repressor and int synthesis of bacteriophage lambda in the e. coli host mutant er437.	analysis of lambda phage infection of the host mutant er437 by sds polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography has revealed altered expression of repressor and integration function (int). we show that in this host int as well as repressor synthesis is not dependent upon the lambdaciii gene product in the usual manner, nor is their synthesis turned off in the normal way.	1977	340886
the thirteenth colworth medal lecture: the construction in vitro and exploitation of transducing derivatives of bacteriophage lambda.		1977	340298
dna replication--bacteriophage lambda.		1977	340149
maximizing gene expression on a plasmid using recombination in vitro.	recombination in vitro has been used to place one or more copies of a strong promoter, the lac promoter, at varying distances from the cl (repressor) gene of bacteriophage lambda on the e. coli plasmid pmb9. in all constructions, lambda repressor synthesis is driven wholly or predominantly by the inserted lac promoter. one of our fusions directs the synthesis of very high levels of lambda repressor. in this case, the fused dna encodes a ribosome binding site which is a "hybrid" of lambda and lac ...	1978	340049
in vitro packaging of a lambda dam vector containing ecori dna fragments of escherichia coli and phage p1.	in this report we describe a coliphage lambda vector system for cloning endo r. ecori dna fragments. this system differs significantly from those previously described in two ways. first, restricted and ligated dna is encapsidated in vitro. second, with increasing lambda dna size in the range 78 to 100% that of wild-type, the efficiency of dna encapsidation into infectious phage particles markedly increases. for lambda wild-type dna the efficiency of in vitro packaging (10(6) to 10(7) plaques pro ...	1977	338419
kinetics of induction of error-prone repair of bacteriophage lambda by temperature shift in an escherichia coli dnab mutant.	preincubation at 42 degrees, before infection at permissive temperature by phage lambda, of an escherichia coli dnab mutant, provokes a significant increase in survival and mutagenesis of ultraviolet irradiated phage as well as mutagenesis of untreated phage. similarly to uv irradiation and many chemical mutagens, the inhibition of dna synthesis by temperature shift of this dnab mutant induces sos repair. this work shows that replication blockage in bacterial dna is not only mutagenic for bacter ...	1977	337133
the mechanism of action of nitro-heterocyclic antimicrobial drugs. primary target of 1-methyl-2-nitro-5-vinylimidazole is dna.	the antimicrobial drug 1-methyl-2-nitro-5-vinylimidazole (mev) preferentially blocked dna synthesis, was mutagenic and induced coliphage lambda in escherichia coli. the antibacterial effects of mev are the consequences of repairable damage to dna, as shown by hypersensitivity of reca and uvr strains to mev and related drugs, stimulation by mev of dna turnover which was dependent on the product of the uvra gene, and the presence of cross-links in dna from mev-treated bacteria.	1977	330809
[the action of selected herbicides on bacteriophages and escherichia coli (author's transl)].	the effect of eight herbicides on the multiplication of bacteria and bacteriophages was tested with escherichia coli, strains w1665f+ and c600, and with the rna-phage m12 and the dna-phage lambda in turbidimetric investigations and one-step growth experiments. e. coli is inhibited by seven of the herbicides investigated in concentrations of 10(-3)m, partly of 10(-4)m, too, and is promoted by some compounds in weaker concentrations. naphthylacetic acid, (nes) largely independent of its concentrat ...	1977	327728
a specialized transducing lambda phage carrying the escherichia coli genes for phenylalanyl-trna synthetase.	a lambda phage has been isolated which specifically transduces the escherichia coli phes and phet genes coding for the alpha and beta subunits of the phenylalanyl-trna synthetase (prs). this phage transduces with high frequency (i) several temperature-sensitive prs mutants to thermoresistance and (ii) a p-fluorophenylalanine resistant prs mutant to sensitivity against this amino-acid analog. the in vitro prs activities of such lysogens suggest that the alpha and beta subunits coded by the transd ...	1977	327276
analysis of the phase variation in lambda reduced immunity lysogens.	two distinct phases characterized by different levels of immunity that appear in some e. coli strains lysogenic for reduced immunity mutants of bacteriophage lambda are identified as single and tandem double lysogens respectively on the basis of dna-dna hybridization experiments and the requirement of the phage xis function for the transition from a single to a double, and of the host reca function for the transition from a double to a single lysogen (in a xis- condition). rim lysogens with a fu ...	1977	327265
genetic characterization of plasmid formation by n- mutants of bacteriophage lambda.		1977	325881
transcription in vitro of bacteriophage lambda 4s rna: studies on termination and rho protein.	when bacteriophage lambdapga18 dna is transcribed in a purified in vitro system by e. coli rna polymerase (nucleoside triphosphate: rna nucleotidyl-transferase, ec 2.7.7.6), several major transcripts are synthesized. we have investigated transcriptional termination of one of these transcripts, the 4s, or "oop" rna. analysis by two-dimensional "fingerprinting" of t1 oligonucleotides reveals that transcription of the 4s rna terminates at a specific site on the lambdapga18 dna template, t-l with an ...	1977	325526
isolation and characterization of plaque-forming lambdadnaz+ transducing bacteriophages.	the escherichia coli dnaz gene, a deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) polymerization gene, is located 1.2 min counterclockwise from pure, at approximately min 10.5 on the e. coli map. from a lysogen with lamdaci857 integrated at a secondary attachment site near pure, transducing phages (lambdadnas+) that transduced a dnazts (lambda+) recipient to temperature insensitivity (ts+) were discovered. three different plaque-forming transducing phages were isolated from seven primary heterogenotes. genetic test ...	1977	323235
isolation and characterization of conditional-lethal rho mutants of escherichia coli.	temperature-sensitive nita (rho) mutants of e. coli were isolated; one of them was characterized as an amber mutant. these strains show the nit phenotype (transcription of phage lambda dna independent of the n gene) at low temperatures and are inviable at high temperatures. the mutated sites appear to be between cya and mete on the chromosome. temperature-sensitive nita bacteria not only permit leftward transcription of the lambda genome at a high rate in the absence of the lambda n protein, but ...	1977	322147
isolation and characterization of lambda pleu bacteriophages.	in the escherichia coli lysogen hfrh73 described by shimada et al. (1973), none of the enzymes coded for by the leucine operon is synthesized due to an insertion of phage lambda into cistron leua. the orientation of lambda in the chromosome is ara leudcb lambda jan leua. after heat induction of the lysogen, plaque-forming transducing phages of two types are formed at low frequency. one type (e.g., lambda pleu9) transduces leud, leuc, and leub strains to prototrophy. the other type (e.g., lambda ...	1977	320178
genetic inversion in the formation of an hfr strain from a temperature-sensitive f' gal strain.	an hfr strain (pb15) that carries a duplicated copy of the galactose operon genes flanking the integrated sex factor is unusually stable since it does not show excision of the repeated deoxyribonucleic acid segment. the right-hand galactose operon is in the normal orientation. deletion mutations that eliminate the right-hand galactose genes, the sex factor, and some of the left-hand operon have been isolated. mutants believed to have their left-hand galactose operon inverted were able to be indu ...	1977	318642
a single base-pair change creates a chi recombinational hotspot in bacteriophage lambda.	x4+ mutations, responsible for the chi phenotype in phage lambda, locally increase the rate of recombination promoted by the escherichia coli recombination system (rec). x+ mutations in the cii gene, one of a few sites in lambda at which such mutations arise, were located genetically and physically with overlapping deletions. dna sequence analysis of the deletion segment containing the x+ c mutations showed that two independent x+ c mutations arose by the same a-t to t-a transversion. presumably ...	1978	282634
enzymatic breakage of the cohesive end site of phage lambda dna: terminase (ter) reaction.	an in vitro system is described for measuring the endonucleolytic conversion of the phage lambda cohesive end sites in concatemeric dna to the cohesive chromosomal ends of the mature molecule. this enzymic process, known as the ter reaction, is catalyzed by purified lambda a gene protein. the reaction is markedly stimulated by atp, mg2+, spermidine, and one or more uncharacterized factors present in extracts of uninfected escherichia coli cells. in vitro, the ter reaction proceeds in the absence ...	1978	279909
identification of the n gene protein of bacteriophage lambda.	the n gene protein, pn, of bacteriophage lambda stimulates early gene transcription by allowing mrna chain elongation to proceed into genes distal to transcription termination sites normally recognized by the escherichia coli transcription termination protein rho. pn has previously eluded detection on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gels because of its small size, its instability, and the difficulty of distinguishing pn itself both from host proteins and from other early lambda proteins wh ...	1978	276863
[integration of lambda phage (author's transl)].		1979	233426
molecular cloning of polyoma virus dna in escherichia coli: oncogenicity testing in hamsters.	inoculation of suckling hamsters with 2 x 10(8) live cells of escherichia coli k12 strain chi1776, carrying the complete genome of polyoma virus in a recombinant plasmid, failed to induce tumors in any of 32 recipients. also, lambda phage dna and particles with a monomeric insert of polyoma dna did not induce tumors. purified recombinant plasmid dna, as well as phage particles and dna containing a head-to-tail dimer of polyoma dna, showed a low degree of oncogenicity, comparable to that of polyo ...	1979	224458
multiple steps during the interaction between coliphage lambda and its receptor protein in vitro.		1976	180667
the fate of phage lambda dna in lambda-infected minicells.	the fate of phage lambda dna in lambda-infected escherichia coli minicells harboring the plasmid cole1, and in plasmid-free minicells, were studied. binding of lambda dna to the minicell membrane, and formation of the supercoiled covalently-closed circular structure has been demonstrated. phage infection abolishes plasmid dna synthesis. only a very slight, non-replicative lambda dna synthesis occurs, soon after infection. this synthesis is associated with fragments of lambda dna arising during, ...	1979	161175
a rightward promoter to the left of the att site of lambda phage dna: possible participant in site-specific recombination.	the binding has been studied of escherichia coli rna-polymerase to the fragments of lambda dna obtained by digestion with restriction endonucleases bsui, hindiii, bamhi, ecori and hindii + iii. there are at least six sites of rna-polymerase binding in the b2-region. in vitro transcription of those bsui-fragments of the b2-region which contain six binding sites is rightward. therefore, the fragments contain promoters rather than mere rna-polymerase binding sites. one of the promoters of the b2 re ...	1979	160359
nucleotide sequence of a secondary attachment site for bacteriophage lambda on the escherichia coli chromosome.	the nucleotide sequence of a secondary attachment site for bacteriophage lambda was determined in a region near the rrnb gene at 88 min on the e. coli chromosome. the sequence has a 8 base pair interrupted homology gct tttta to the common core of the primary attachment site (attb) and the corresponding phage sequence (attp). the site of crossover during integration lies probably between nucleotides -3 and +1. the flanking regions have no obvious homology to the arms of either attp or attb.	1979	160033
site-specific recombination of bacteriophage lambda: the role of host gene products.		1979	158465
[cloning of the hepatitis b virus genome in escherichia coli].	the whole genome of the hepatitis b virus (dane particles) was inserted in vitro in the genome of the bacteriophage lambda gtwes . lambda b. the recombinant dna molecule was cloned in e. coli. amplification of the hybrid bacteriophage enables the preparation of large amounts of hepatitis b virus dna. the possibilities offered by the utilization of this recombinant bacteriophage are discussed.	1978	158442
organization of the ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene cluster of neurospora crassa by means of restriction endonucleases and cloning in bacteriophage lambda [proceedings].		1978	154424
the organization of ribosomal rna genes in the mitochondrial dna of tetrahymena pyriformis strain st.	1. we have constructed a physical map of the mtdna of tetrahymena pyriformis strain st using the restriction endonucleases ecori, psti, saci, hindiii and hhai. 2. hybridization of mitochondrial 21 s and 14 s ribosomal rna to restriction fragments of strain st mtdna shows that this dna contains two 21-s and only one 14-s ribosomal rna genes. by s1 nuclease treatment of briefly renatured single-stranded dna the terminal duplication-inversion previously detected in this dna (arnberg et al. (1975) b ...	1978	102353
regulation of glutamine synthetase formation in escherichia coli: characterization of mutants lacking the uridylyltransferase.	a lambda phage (lambdank55) carrying the translocatable element tn10, conferring tetracycline resistance (tetr), has been utilized to isolate glutamine auxotrophs of escherichia coli k-12. such strains lack uridylyltransferase as a result of an insertion of the tn10 element in the glnd gene. the glnd::tn10 insertion has been mapped at min 4 on the e. coli chromosome and 98% contransducible by phage p1 with dapd. a lambda transducing phage carrying the glnd gene has been identified. a glnd::tn10 ...	1978	26660