Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| salmonella enterica typhimurium sipa induces cxc-chemokine expression through p38mapk and jun pathways. | the role of salmonella typhimurium type iii secretion system (t3ss-1)-translocated proteins in chemokines' expression and protein phosphorylation was investigated in hela cells. infection of hela cells with s. typhimurium activated il-8 and gro-alpha expression at higher levels than infection with a s. typhimurium sipasopabde2 mutant, confirming that t3ss-1-secreted proteins are required to fully induce chemokine expression in hela cells. a s. typhimurium sipasopabde2 mutant complemented with si ... | 2009 | 19114119 |
| reaction of adomet with thic generates a backbone free radical. | thic is an [4fe-4s] cluster protein that catalyzes the formation of 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine. epr spectroscopic studies demonstrate that, upon interaction with adomet, active thic from salmonella enterica generates a persistent free radical on the alpha-carbon of an amino acid residue. the epr properties of the radical are consistent with any residue other than a gly or ala. exposure to oxygen was accompanied by a fission of the radical-carrying polypeptide chain between the gl ... | 2009 | 19113839 |
| cmy-31 and cmy-36 cephalosporinases encoded by cole1-like plasmids. | two cmy-2 derivatives, cmy-31 (gln(215)-->arg) from salmonella enterica serotype newport and cmy-36 (ala(77)-->cys and gln(193)-->glu) from klebsiella pneumoniae, were characterized. both cephalosporinases functionally resembled cmy-2. bla(cmy) alleles occurred as parts of a putative transposon comprising isecp1b and a citrobacter freundii-derived sequence carried by cole1-like plasmids similar to cmy-5-encoding ptkh11 from klebsiella oxytoca. | 2009 | 19104021 |
| multiple regulatory pathways associated with high-level ciprofloxacin and multidrug resistance in salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis: involvement of rama and other global regulators. | mechanisms of antibiotic resistance were examined in nalidixic acid-resistant salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis field isolates displaying decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and in in vitro-derived ciprofloxacin-resistant mutants (104-cip and 5408-cip). all field isolates harbored a single gyra mutation (d87y). deletion of acrb and complementation with wild-type gyra increased quinolone susceptibility. selection for ciprofloxacin resistance was associated with the development of an a ... | 2009 | 19104017 |
| salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains with regulated delayed attenuation in vivo. | recombinant bacterial vaccines must be fully attenuated for animal or human hosts to avoid inducing disease symptoms while exhibiting a high degree of immunogenicity. unfortunately, many well-studied means for attenuating salmonella render strains more susceptible to host defense stresses encountered following oral vaccination than wild-type virulent strains and/or impair their ability to effectively colonize the gut-associated and internal lymphoid tissues. this thus impairs the ability of reco ... | 2009 | 19103774 |
| salmonella-containing vacuoles display centrifugal movement associated with cell-to-cell transfer in epithelial cells. | intracellular salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (serovar typhimurium) occupies a salmonella-containing vacuole (scv) where bacterial effector proteins are secreted into the host cell using type iii secretion systems (t3ss). cytoskeletal motor proteins and t3ss-delivered effector proteins facilitate scv positioning to juxtanuclear positions where bacterial replication occurs. here, we show that this characteristic scv positioning is not maintained by all scvs during infection of hela cells. ... | 2009 | 19103768 |
| [increased liver enzymes and fever]. | 2008 | 19100197 | |
| [invasive salmonella dublin infection in a case]. | 2008 | 19099872 | |
| mucosal immunization with attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhi expressing protective antigen of anthrax toxin (pa83) primes monkeys for accelerated serum antibody responses to parenteral pa83 vaccine. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi vaccine strain cvd 908-htra was genetically engineered for stable plasmid-based expression of protective antigen of anthrax toxin (pa83) fused with the export protein clya (clya-pa83). the priming potential of cvd 908-htra expressing clya-pa83 was assessed in 12 rhesus and 20 cynomolgus macaques that were immunized mucosally (i.e., intranasally) on days 0 and 14. a parenteral booster with purified pa83 plus alum was given to rhesus macaques on days 42 and 225; c ... | 2009 | 19099487 |
| characterization of antimicrobial resistance in salmonella enterica serotype heidelberg isolated from food animals. | fifty-eight salmonella enterica serovar heidelberg isolates isolated from food animals were tested for antimicrobial susceptibilities and further characterized for select antimicrobial resistance genes, plasmid carriage, class 1 integrons, and genetic relatedness using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). seventy-two percent of isolates displayed resistance to at least one of the antimicrobial agents tested, while 24% exhibited resistance to eight or more antimicrobial agents. resistance was ... | 2009 | 19099358 |
| a simple screen to identify promoters conferring high levels of phenotypic noise. | genetically identical populations of unicellular organisms often show marked variation in some phenotypic traits. to investigate the molecular causes and possible biological functions of this phenotypic noise, it would be useful to have a method to identify genes whose expression varies stochastically on a certain time scale. here, we developed such a method and used it for identifying genes with high levels of phenotypic noise in salmonella enterica ssp. i serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium). ... | 2008 | 19096504 |
| analysis of the role of 13 major fimbrial subunits in colonisation of the chicken intestines by salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis reveals a role for a novel locus. | salmonella enterica is a facultative intracellular pathogen of worldwide importance. over 2,500 serovars exist and infections in humans and animals may produce a spectrum of symptoms from enteritis to typhoid depending on serovar- and host-specific factors. s. enteritidis is the most prevalent non-typhoidal serovar isolated from humans with acute diarrhoeal illness in many countries. human infections are frequently associated with direct or indirect contact with contaminated poultry meat or eggs ... | 2008 | 19091138 |
| genomic analysis of bacteriophage epsilon 34 of salmonella enterica serovar anatum (15+). | the presence of prophages has been an important variable in genetic exchange and divergence in most bacteria. this study reports the determination of the genomic sequence of salmonella phage epsilon 34, a temperate bacteriophage that was important in the early study of prophages that modify their hosts' cell surface and is of a type (p22-like) that is common in salmonella genomes. | 2008 | 19091116 |
| molecular characterisation of class 1 integrons in salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis isolates from southern taiwan. | integron-mediated multidrug resistance in salmonellaenterica serovar choleraesuis poses a major concern in human salmonellosis in taiwan. in this study, 71 strains of s. choleraesuis harbouring a class 1 integron from humans and animals were characterised for detection of integrons, gene cassettes and the spvc virulence gene using molecular genetic techniques. all 71 strains tested were negative for class 2 and 3 integrons. fifty-eight (81.7%) of the isolates harboured a class 1 integron with di ... | 2009 | 19084383 |
| granulomatous myocarditis and coelomic effusion due to salmonella enterica arizonae in a madagascar dumerili's boa (acrantophis dumerili, jan. 1860). | a granulomatous myocarditis due to salmonella enterica arizonae was diagnosed in an 8-year-old madagascar dumerili's boa (acrantophis dumerili) based on positive coelomic effusion culture, ultrasound visualization of abnormal ventricular myocardium, necropsy and cardiac histological examination. | 2003 | 19081357 |
| a dynamic view of the spread and intracellular distribution of salmonella enterica. | the events that determine the dynamics of proliferation, spread and distribution of microbial pathogens within their hosts are surprisingly heterogeneous and poorly understood. we contend that understanding these phenomena at a sophisticated level with the help of mathematical models is a prerequisite for the development of truly novel, targeted preventative measures and drug regimes. we describe here recent studies of salmonella enterica infections in mice which suggest that bacteria resist the ... | 2009 | 19079353 |
| subversion of antimicrobial calprotectin (s100a8/s100a9 complex) in the cytoplasm of tr146 epithelial cells after invasion by listeria monocytogenes. | expressed by squamous mucosal keratinocytes, calprotectin is a complex of two ef-hand calcium-binding proteins of the s100 subfamily (s100a8 and s100a9) with significant antimicrobial activity. calprotectin-expressing cells resist invasion by porphyromonas gingivalis, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium). to understand the interactions between calprotectin and invasive bacteria, we studied the distribution of calprotectin in the cytoplasm of tr146 ... | 2009 | 19079333 |
| downregulation of rpon-controlled genes protects salmonella cells from killing by the cationic antimicrobial peptide polymyxin b. | salmonella enterica polymyxin b (pm) resistance is modulated mainly by substitutions of the acyl chains and the phosphate groups on the lipid a moiety of lipopolysaccharide. these modifications are mediated by genes under the control of the pmra/pmrb and phop/phoq two-component regulatory systems. in this study, a deletion in the gene encoding the alternative sigma(54) factor, rpon, was shown to increase pm resistance without affecting protamine sensitivity. the results presented here showed tha ... | 2009 | 19076233 |
| characterization of bacteriophages used in the salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis phage-typing scheme. | the 16 salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) typing phages (setps) used in the laboratory of enteric pathogens (health protection agency, london, uk) phage-typing scheme have not previously been characterized in detail. we have examined the adsorption properties of the phages with respect to a number of s. enterica serovars and defined phage morphology with electron microscopy. pfge was used to estimate overall genome size and banding patterns generated by electrophoresis foll ... | 2009 | 19074657 |
| a mixture containing galactooligosaccharide, produced by the enzymic activity of bifidobacterium bifidum, reduces salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection in mice. | the prebiotic bimuno is a mixture containing galactooligosaccharide, produced by the galactosyltransferase activity of bifidobacterium bifidum ncimb 41171 in the presence of lactose. previous studies have implicated prebiotics in reducing infections by enteric pathogens, thus it was hypothesized that bimuno may confer some protection in the murine host from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) infection. in this study, infection caused by s. typhimurium sl1344nal(r) in the pr ... | 2009 | 19074651 |
| identification and characterization of class 1 integron resistance gene cassettes among salmonella strains isolated from imported seafood. | a total of 210 salmonella isolates, representing 64 different serovars, were isolated from imported seafood samples, and 55/210 isolates were found to be resistant to at least one antibiotic. class 1 integrons from three multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica strains (salmonella enterica serovars newport [strain 62], typhimurium var. copenhagen [strain 629], and lansing [strain 803], originating from hong kong, the philippines, and taiwan, respectively) were characterized. southern hybridizatio ... | 2009 | 19074612 |
| association of is26-composite transposons and complex in4-type integrons generates novel multidrug resistance loci in salmonella genomic island 1. | clinical isolates of salmonella enterica serovar haifa and newport, which displayed extended multidrug resistance phenotypes, were investigated for the presence of salmonella genomic island 1 (sgi1) and the genetic organization of its antibiotic resistance gene clusters. | 2009 | 19074421 |
| leucine-responsive regulatory protein (lrp) acts as a virulence repressor in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | leucine-responsive regulatory protein (lrp) is a global gene regulator that influences expression of a large number of genes including virulence-related genes in escherichia coli and salmonella. no systematic studies examining the regulation of virulence genes by lrp have been reported in salmonella. we report here that constitutive expression of lrp [lrp(con)] dramatically attenuates salmonella virulence while an lrp deletion (deltalrp) mutation enhances virulence. the lrp(con) mutant caused pl ... | 2009 | 19074398 |
| molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of salmonella isolates from infections in humans in henan province, china. | we characterized 208 human salmonella isolates from 2006 to 2007 and 27 human salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolates from 1987 to 1993 from henan province, china, by serotyping, by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and, for the most common serovars, by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). the most common serovars among the 2006-2007 isolates were s. enterica serovar typhimurium (27%), s. enterica serovar enteritidis (17%), s. enterica serovar derby (10%), s. enterica serovar in ... | 2009 | 19073874 |
| bacterial dna topology and infectious disease. | the gram-negative bacterium escherichia coli and its close relative salmonella enterica have made important contributions historically to our understanding of how bacteria control dna supercoiling and of how supercoiling influences gene expression and vice versa. now they are contributing again by providing examples where changes in dna supercoiling affect the expression of virulence traits that are important for infectious disease. available examples encompass both the earliest stages of pathog ... | 2009 | 19073701 |
| outbreak of salmonella enterica serotype montevideo infections in france linked to consumption of cheese made from raw milk. | in 2006, an outbreak of salmonella enterica serotype montevideo infections occurred in france. a matched case-control study and microbiological, environmental, and veterinary investigations were conducted to determine the source of this outbreak. a case was defined as a resident of france in whom salmonella montevideo was isolated from a stool or blood specimen between october 16, 2006, and january 6, 2007. patients were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. salmonella montevideo food ... | 2009 | 19072083 |
| oral delivery of dna vaccine encoding vp28 against white spot syndrome virus in crayfish by attenuated salmonella typhimurium. | protective immune responses in shrimp induced by dna vaccines against white spot syndrome virus (wssv) with intramuscular injection have been reported in recent reports. in this study, we investigated the utilities of attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (salmonella typhimurium) as a bactofection vehicle for the oral delivery of a dna vaccine plasmid to crayfish (cambarus clarkii). the dna vaccine plasmid pcdna3.1-vp28, encoding viral envelope protein vp28, was transformed to an at ... | 2009 | 19071178 |
| the immunobiology of avian systemic salmonellosis. | avian systemic salmonellosis is primarily caused by salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum and serovar pullorum causing the diseases fowl typhoid and pullorum disease respectively. during infection interaction with the immune system occurs in three main phases. first is invasion via the gastrointestinal tract. infection with s. pullorum or s. gallinarum does not cause substantial inflammation, unlike s. typhimurium or s. enteritidis. through in vitro models it was found that s. gallinarum does n ... | 2009 | 19070366 |
| variable number of tandem repeats (vntr) and its application in bacterial epidemiology. | molecular epidemiology is the using of molecular techniques to study bacterial distribution in human populations. recently molecular epidemiologist benefit from several techniques such as variable number tandem repeat (vntr) typing method to typing bacterial strains. variable number tandem repeat (vntr) typing is a tool for genotyping and provides data in a simple and numeric format based on the number of repetitive sequences. vntr for first time identified in m. tuberculosis as mycobacterial in ... | 2007 | 19070072 |
| isolasion, identification and antimicrobial resistance patterns of salmonella from meat products in tehran. | the present study was carried out from 400 samples in different slaughterhouses to report the isolation along with the serotypes and antibiogram pattern of salmonella among products in tehran. salmonella was isolated from samples of chicken, beef; veal, mutton, roast beef and sausage fermentive meat collected at slaughterhouses. the isolates were characterized by serotyping and antimicrobial-susceptibility testing. eighty isolates of salmonella enterica belonging to 19 serotypes--s. adelaide, s. ... | 2007 | 19069997 |
| detection of salmonella in finishing pigs on farm and at slaughter in piedmont, italy. | salmonella is one of the most common causes of human gastroenteritis often associated with pork consumption. the aims of this cross-sectional study were to collect preliminary data on the presence of salmonella enterica in pigs in piedmont (italy), through sampling on farm and at slaughter and to gather pilot data on serotypes and phagetypes present in the sampled area and distribution of anti-microbial resistance among isolated strains. salmonella was detected through culture and identified wit ... | 2009 | 19068072 |
| generalized transduction. | transduction is the process in which bacterial dna is transferred from one bacterial cell to another by means of a phage particle. there are two types of transduction, generalized transduction and specialized transduction. in this chapter two of the best-studied systems - escherichia coli-phage p1, and salmonella enterica-phage p22 - are discussed from theoretical and practical perspectives. | 2009 | 19066827 |
| construction of phage mutants. | recent studies have established that the most abundant life form, that of phages, has had major influence on the biosphere, bacterial evolution, bacterial genome, and lateral gene transmission. importantly the phages have served and continue to serve as valuable model systems. such studies have led to a renewed interest and activity in the study of phages and their genomes. in order to determine the details of the involvement of phages in these important processes and activities, it is critical ... | 2009 | 19066824 |
| probiotic bacteria are antagonistic to salmonella enterica and campylobacter jejuni and influence host lymphocyte responses in human microbiota-associated immunodeficient and immunocompetent mice. | a defined human microbiota-associated (hma) mouse model in balb/c and immunodeficient tgepsilon26 mice was used to assess the ability of probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria to enhance colonization resistance to gastrointestinal (gi) tract pathogens. probiotic bacteria (1x10(8) colony forming unit (cfu)/ml) successfully excluded campylobacter jejuni from both strains of mice 7 days after challenge. the probiotic bacteria also reduced the number of salmonella in the large intestines of both ... | 2009 | 19065588 |
| detection of qnr genes in salmonella isolated from humans in denmark. | 2009 | 19056747 | |
| typhoid fever in southern taiwan: a medical center experience. | typhoid fever is caused by salmonella enterica serotype typhi (5. typhi). growing communication between taiwan and neighboring regions in recent years could be an important source of typhoid fever. the aim of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics of typhoid fever treated at a medical center in southern taiwan. | 2008 | 19054916 |
| the survival of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104 and total viable counts on beef surfaces at different relative humidities and temperatures. | the aim of this study was to investigate changes in salmonella and total viable count (tvc) survival on beef carcass surfaces stored for 72 h under different combinations of relative humidity (i.e. rh 75% or 96%) and temperature (5 degrees c or 10 degrees c). | 2009 | 19054240 |
| aroa and arod mutations influence biofilm formation in salmonella enteritidis. | aro mutants of salmonella enterica are frequently used as live vaccines for the oral vaccination of domestic animals. interestingly, besides their auxotrophy, they appear to be of reduced resistance to the components of innate immune response due to a defect in outer membrane and/or cell wall integrity. because different extracellular structures associated with the cell wall or outer membrane are involved in biofilm formation, we were interested in the ability of aroa and arod mutants of s. ente ... | 2009 | 19054077 |
| detection of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium dt104 in mozambique. | the spread of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium definitive phage type dt104 in sub-saharan africa is a public health concern. we obtained two isolates of s. typhimurium dt104 from blood cultures of infants with malaria in mozambique. both isolates contained salmonella genomic island 1a and had the same pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pulsenet pattern (stymxb.0005). results showed the need for continuous surveillance of salmonella spp. serotypes circulating in this area. | 2008 | 19052305 |
| differentially evolved genes of salmonella pathogenicity islands: insights into the mechanism of host specificity in salmonella. | the species salmonella enterica (s. enterica) includes many serovars that cause disease in avian and mammalian hosts. these serovars differ greatly in their host range and their degree of host adaptation. the host specificity of s. enterica serovars appears to be a complex phenomenon governed by multiple factors acting at different stages of the infection process, which makes identification of the cause/s of host specificity solely by experimental methods difficult. | 2008 | 19050757 |
| selection, characterization, and application of dna aptamers for the capture and detection of salmonella enterica serovars. | sensitive and specific pre-analytical sample processing methods are needed to enhance our ability to detect and quantify food borne pathogens from complex food and environmental samples. in this study, dna aptamers were selected and evaluated for the capture and detection of salmonella enterica serovar. typhimurium. a total of 66 candidate sequences were enriched against s. typhimurium outer membrane proteins (omps) with counter-selection against escherichia coli omps and lipopolysaccharides (lp ... | 2009 | 19049862 |
| differential expression from two iron-responsive promoters in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium reveals the presence of iron in macrophage-phagosomes. | the metal status of macrophage-phagosomes during salmonella infection is largely unknown. in this study, we have precisely calibrated the metal-specificities of two metal-responsive promoters, p(irobcde) and p(sodb), from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and used these to directly monitor iron-levels in salmonella-containing macrophage-phagosomes. expression from the p(irobcde) promoter is highly elevated in metal-depleted media but low in media supplemented with iron or cobalt, and to a ... | 2009 | 19049822 |
| dexamethasone modulates salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection in vivo independently of the glucocorticoid-inducible protein annexin-a1. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) infection causes an inflammatory response through activation of toll-like receptor 4 by lipopolysaccharide. dexamethasone, a glucocorticoid analogue, suppresses inflammatory responses by many mechanisms including inhibition of the lipopolysaccharide-induced production of proinflammatory mediators. there is little information on the effect of glucocorticoids on murine salmonellosis. in this study, we treated susceptible balb/c mice by subcu ... | 2008 | 19049646 |
| tlr9-independent effects of inhibitory oligonucleotides on macrophage responses to s. typhimurium. | detection of bacterial cpg-containing dna (cpg dna) by innate immune cells is dependent on toll-like receptor 9 (tlr9). here we show that the expression of tlr9 mrna was induced in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (bmms) upon infection with the facultative gram-negative intracellular bacterium salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium). treatment of bmm with the inhibitory oligonucleotide (odn) 2114, an antagonist of tlr9 signalling, enhanced intracellular s. typhimurium numbe ... | 2009 | 19048019 |
| contamination of chicken meat with salmonella enterica serovar haardt with nalidixic acid resistance and reduced fluoroquinolone susceptibility. | salmonella contamination in chicken meat was studied with 100 chicken meat samples purchased from 55 shops located in various regions. a total of 21 isolates of salmonella enterica were isolated from 21 chicken meat samples from four shops located at open markets, whereas there were none from supermarkets with well-equipped cold systems. among these, 18 isolates were identified as salmonella enterica serotype haardt (s. haardt) and three isolates were s. enterica serotype muenchen. when the mini ... | 2008 | 19047832 |
| salmonella translocates across an in vitro m cell model independently of spi-1 and spi-2. | we have used an in vitro model of intestinal m cells to examine the mechanisms by which salmonella enterica translocates across these specialized cells, which constitute a primary site of infection of the mammalian host. s. enterica can invade cultured cells by deploying a type iii secretion system (ttss) encoded within salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi-1) to translocate effector proteins into the host cell cytoplasm that trigger cellular responses, including prominent cytoskeletal rearrang ... | 2008 | 19047755 |
| burkholderia cenocepacia-induced delay of acidification and phagolysosomal fusion in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr)-defective macrophages. | the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) is a group of opportunistic bacteria chronically infecting the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). several laboratories have shown that bcc members, in particular b. cenocepacia, survive within a membrane-bound vacuole inside phagocytic and epithelial cells. we have previously demonstrated that intracellular b. cenocepacia causes a delay in phagosomal maturation, as revealed by impaired acidification and slow accumulation of the late phagolysosom ... | 2008 | 19047750 |
| public health assessment of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis inactivated-vaccine treatment in layer flocks. | although there have been several reports on the efficacy assessment of a salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis vaccine against intestinal and parenchymatous organ diseases of laying hens, no public health risk characterization of its long-term effect on eggs has been reported. in this study, we attempted to assess the public health effect of an inactivated s. enterica serovar enteritidis vaccine against serovar enteritidis contamination of chicken eggs. we analyzed serovar enteritidis isolatio ... | 2009 | 19047380 |
| the malf p2 loop of the atp-binding cassette transporter malfgk2 from escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium interacts with maltose binding protein (male) throughout the catalytic cycle. | we have investigated the interaction of the uncommonly large periplasmic p2 loop of the malf subunit of the maltose atp-binding cassette transporter (malfgk(2)) from escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium with maltose binding protein (male) by site-specific chemical cross-linking in the assembled transport complex. we focused on possible distance changes between two pairs of residues of the p2 loop and male during the transport cycle. the distance between malf(s205c) and ma ... | 2009 | 19047355 |
| regulation of salmonella-induced membrane ruffling by sipa differs in strains lacking other effectors. | the salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi-1) type three secretion system (ttss) is essential for salmonella invasion of host cells through its triggering of actin-dependent membrane ruffles. the spi-1 effectors sipa, sope, sope2 and sopb all have actin regulating activities and contribute to invasion. the precise role of actin regulation by sipa in salmonella invasion remains controversial since divergent data have been presented regarding the relationship between sipa and membrane ruffling. we ... | 2009 | 19046340 |
| development of unique bacterial strains for use as positive controls in the food microbiology testing laboratory. | nalidixic acid-resistant (nalr) mutants of salmonella enterica serovar berta and escherichia coli o157:h7 were derived from wild-type laboratory cultures to serve as distinguishable control strains for routine use in food microbiology testing programs. the prevalence of the nalr phenotype among different bacteria was verified using panels of related and unrelated strains with the ability to grow vigorously on plating media containing nalidixic acid, being restricted to the nalr mutants. the nalr ... | 2008 | 19044277 |
| inactivation of salmonella enterica serovar senftenberg 775w in liquid whole egg by ultrahigh pressure homogenization. | two batches of samples of liquid whole egg were inoculated with a load of approximately 3 and 7 log cfu/ml, respectively, of salmonella enterica serovar senftenberg 775w and submitted to different ultrahigh pressure homogenization (uhph) treatments at 150, 200, and 250 mpa. the inlet temperature of the samples was 6 degrees c. counts of viable and injured salmonella cells were obtained 2 h after the uhph treatments and after 5, 10, 15, and 20 days of storage at 4 degrees c. the level of pressure ... | 2008 | 19044274 |
| differentiation of salmonella enterica serovars and strains in cultures and food using infrared spectroscopic and microspectroscopic techniques combined with soft independent modeling of class analogy pattern recognition analysis. | detection of pathogenic microorganisms in food is often a tedious and time-consuming exercise. developing rapid and cost-effective techniques for identifying pathogens to subspecies is critical for tracking causes of foodborne disease outbreaks. the objective of this study was to develop a method for rapid identification and differentiation of salmonella serovars and strains within these serovars through isolation on hydrophobic grid membrane filters (hgmfs), examination by infrared (ir) spectro ... | 2008 | 19044269 |
| risk associated with transportation and lairage on hide contamination with salmonella enterica in finished beef cattle at slaughter. | transportation of cattle to the slaughter plant could influence hide contamination with salmonella enterica. fecal and hide samples were obtained from 40 lots of cattle at the feedlot and again at the slaughter plant. potential risk factors for hide contamination were evaluated. a multilevel poisson regression model was used to determine whether transportation and lairage were associated with hide contamination by salmonella. cattle with hide samples positive for salmonella at the feedlot had tw ... | 2008 | 19044266 |
| [antagonistic properties of enterococci isolated from gastrointestinal tract of long-livers]. | the strains with antagonistic activity against indicator strains pseudomonas aeruginosa, proteus vulgaris, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumonia, salmonella enterica were revealed among 58 enterococcus strains isolated from gastrointestinal tract of long-livers. the influence of different components of mrs medium on the antagonistic effect was established. antagonistic activity remained on the medium without glucose in 36% of strains, on the me ... | 2008 | 19044009 |
| csra and csrb are required for the post-transcriptional control of the virulence-associated effector protein avra of salmonella enterica. | the virulence-associated effector protein avra of salmonella enterica is an ubiquitin-like acetyltransferase/cysteine protease, which interferes with the first line of immune response of the target organism. in contrast to translation of the avra protein in s. enterica strains, which takes place either constitutively (class 1 strains), or after acid induction (class 2 strains), or not at all (class 3 strains); the constitutive transcription of the respective avra genes occurs regardless of these ... | 2009 | 19042154 |
| qnrd, a novel gene conferring transferable quinolone resistance in salmonella enterica serovar kentucky and bovismorbificans strains of human origin. | in a previous study, four salmonella isolates from humans in the henan province of china showed reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (mic, 0.125 to 0.25 microg/ml) but were susceptible to nalidixic acid (mic, 4 to 8 microg/ml). all isolates were negative for known qnr genes (a, b, and s), aac(6')ib-cr, and mutations in gyra and parc. plasmid dna was extracted from all four isolates and transformed into escherichia coli tg1 and dh10b cells by electroporation, and transformants were selected on ... | 2009 | 19029321 |
| interaction of enteric bacterial pathogens with murine embryonic stem cells. | embryonic stem (es) cells are susceptible to genetic manipulation and retain the potential to differentiate into diverse cell types, which are factors that make them potentially attractive cells for studying host-pathogen interactions. murine es cells were found to be susceptible to invasion by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and shigella flexneri and to the formation of attaching and effacing lesions by enteropathogenic escherichia coli. s. enterica serovar typhimurium and s. flexneri c ... | 2009 | 19029302 |
| effect of sample preparation and bacterial concentration on salmonella enterica detection in poultry meat using culture methods and pcr assaying of preenrichment broths. | we evaluated the sensitivity of a pcr assay in the detection of salmonella enterica at the broth preenrichment step of poultry meat. a total of 162 retail poultry meat samples, which were prepared by manual massaging, stomacher or no homogenization were compared for salmonella recovery. using these homogenization methods, the pcr assay at the broth preenrichment step detected salmonella in, respectively, 48.9%, 62.2% and 50.0% of meat and giblet samples detected as salmonella-positive using the ... | 2009 | 19028296 |
| mechanisms of rnd multidrug efflux pumps. | rnd (resistance-nodulation-division) family transporters are widespread especially among gram-negative bacteria, and catalyze the active efflux of many antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents. they have very large periplasmic domains, and form tripartite complexes with outer membrane channels and periplasmic adaptor proteins. acrab-tolc complex of escherichia coli, which pumps out a very wide range of drugs, has been studied most intensively. early studies showed that the transporter captures ev ... | 2009 | 19026770 |
| analysis of salmonella enterica with reduced susceptibility to the third-generation cephalosporin ceftriaxone isolated from u.s. cattle during 2000-2004. | over the past decade enteric bacteria in europe, africa, and asia have become increasingly resistant to cephalosporin antimicrobial agents. this is largely due to the spread of genes encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) enzymes that can inactivate many cephalosporins. recently, these resistance mechanisms have been identified in salmonella isolated from humans in the united states. due to the potential for transmission of resistant bacteria to humans via food animals, salmonella anim ... | 2008 | 19025468 |
| salmonella serovar specific upregulation of porcine defensins 1 and 2 in a jejunal epithelial cell line. | defensins are important antimicrobial effector peptides of the innate immune system, which provides protection against bacterial infections in the intestine. salmonella choleraesuis and salmonella typhimurium are the most commonly isolated serovars in pig, but disease outcome is dependent on the salmonella serovar. these infections are a serious problem for the swine industry and are also posing a major threat to public health because of salmonella-related food-borne illnesses in human. to under ... | 2009 | 19019577 |
| in ovo treatment with cpg oligodeoxynucleotides decreases colonization of salmonella enteriditis in broiler chickens. | induction of the innate immune response in newly hatched chickens is important for limiting infections with bacteria, such as salmonella enterica serovar enteriditis (se). cpg oligodeoxynucleotides (cpg-odn) can stimulate the innate immune response of young chickens. therefore, we examined the effectiveness of cpg-odn administered in ovo on intestinal colonization by se and the ability to modulate the function of heterophils in young chickens. heterophils were isolated from 2-day-old chickens an ... | 2009 | 19019459 |
| role of global regulator rma for multidrug efflux-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance in salmonella. | the genetic basis for multidrug resistance (mdr) due to overexpression of mdr efflux pumps in escherichia coli usually includes alterations in genes encoding global regulators, like mara, soxs, and rob. in salmonella, in addition to these regulators, rma, for which no homolog exists in e. coli, seems to play a role in the regulation of efflux pumps. however, the exact mechanisms remain unclear. therefore, this study aimed at investigating the influence of the regulator rma on the expression of m ... | 2008 | 19018673 |
| polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride-based disinfectant: a novel tool to fight meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and nosocomial infections. | polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (phmgh), an antimicrobial biocide of the guanidine family, was tested for efficacy against quality-control strains of staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella choleraesuis, meticillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) and escherichia coli. bactericidal activity against s. aureus, p. aeruginosa and salmonella choleraesuis was determined using the official methods of analysis of the association of official analytical chemists, with modifications ... | 2008 | 19018024 |
| protective immunity to systemic infection with attenuated salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in the absence of il-12 is associated with il-23-dependent il-22, but not il-17. | il-12 is essential for protective t cell-mediated immunity against salmonella infection. to characterize the role of the related cytokine il-23, wild-type (wt) c57bl/6 and p19(-/-) mice were infected systemically with an attenuated strain of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis). il-23-deficient mice controlled infection with s. enteritidis similarly as wt mice. similar ifn-gamma production as compared with wt mice, but defective il-17a and il-22 production was found in the ab ... | 2008 | 19017979 |
| nramp1 drives an accelerated inflammatory response during salmonella-induced colitis in mice. | a recently developed model for enterocolitis in mice involves pre-treatment with the antibiotic streptomycin prior to infection with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium). the contribution of nramp1/slc11a1 protein, a critical host defence mechanism against s. typhimurium, to the development of inflammation in this model has not been studied. here, we analysed the impact of nramp1 expression on the early development of colitis using isogenic nramp1(+/+) and nramp1(-/-) mice. w ... | 2009 | 19016783 |
| a reservoir of drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria in asymptomatic hosts. | the population genetics of pathogenic bacteria has been intensively studied in order to understand the spread of disease and the evolution of virulence and drug resistance. however, much less attention has been paid to bacterial carriage populations, which inhabit hosts without producing disease. since new virulent strains that cause disease can be recruited from the carriage population of bacteria, our understanding of infectious disease is seriously incomplete without knowledge on the populati ... | 2008 | 19015729 |
| variation in salmonella enterica serovar typhi inchi1 plasmids during the global spread of resistant typhoid fever. | a global collection of plasmids of the inchi1 incompatibility group from salmonella enterica serovar typhi were analyzed by using a combination of dna sequencing, dna sequence analysis, pcr, and microarrays. the inchi1 resistance plasmids of serovar typhi display a backbone of conserved gene content and arrangement, within which are embedded preferred acquisition sites for horizontal dna transfer events. the variable regions appear to be preferred acquisition sites for dna, most likely through c ... | 2009 | 19015365 |
| a small-molecule screen identifies the antipsychotic drug pimozide as an inhibitor of listeria monocytogenes infection. | we developed a screening procedure to identify small-molecule compounds that altered infection by listeria monocytogenes to gain insights into bacterial/host cellular processes required for intracellular pathogenesis. a small-molecule library of 480 compounds with known biological functions was screened, and 21 compounds that altered the l. monocytogenes infection of murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (bmm) were identified. the identified compounds affected various cellular functions, such a ... | 2009 | 19015342 |
| truncated tni module adjacent to the complex integron of salmonella genomic island 1 in salmonella enterica serovar virchow. | salmonella genomic island 1 was identified for the first time in salmonella enterica serovar virchow isolated from humans in taiwan. the complex class 1 integron conferring multidrug resistance was shown to be inserted within open reading frame (orf) s023 and contains for the first time a partial transpositional module. the 5-bp target duplication flanking the complex integron suggests that its insertion in orf s023 was by transposition. | 2009 | 19015337 |
| interleukin-15 and nk1.1+ cells provide innate protection against acute salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection in the gut and in systemic tissues. | control of bacterial colonization at mucosal surfaces depends on rapid activation of the innate immune system. interleukin-15 (il-15) directs the development, maturation, and function of a population of cells positive for nk1.1, such as natural killer (nk) cells, which are critical components of the innate immune defense against several viral and bacterial pathogens. using il-15-deficient mice, in vivo depletion of nk1.1(+) cells from wild-type mice, and in vivo overexpression of il-15 from a re ... | 2009 | 19015253 |
| characterisation of antimicrobial resistance-associated integrons and mismatch repair gene mutations in salmonella serotypes. | in this study, we examined the presence of integrons and salmonella genomic island 1 (sgi1) and assessed their contribution to antimicrobial resistance as well as determining the extent of the mutator phenotype in salmonella isolates. a total of 81 salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium isolates were examined for the presence of integrons and sgi1 and for hypermutators using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and the mutator assay, respectively. an additional 336 salmonella isolates were also use ... | 2009 | 19013057 |
| outbreak of salmonella thompson infection in a swedish dairy herd. | salmonella typhimurium was isolated from a faecal sample from a cow in a swedish dairy herd after calving. when investigations were undertaken in the herd, salmonella thompson was isolated from heifers on a separate pasture, and when these heifers were brought into the herd s thompson spread rapidly. control strategies managed to rid the herd of the s typhimurium infection and the prevalence of s thompson was at first substantially reduced. there was a rapid increase in its prevalence when the a ... | 2008 | 19011246 |
| characterization of the myo-inositol utilization island of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | knockout mutation of stm4432 resulted in a growth-deficient phenotype of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in the presence of myo-inositol (mi) as the sole carbon source. stm4432 is part of a 22.6-kb genomic island which spans stm4417 to stm4436 (genomic island 4417/4436) and is responsible for mi degradation. genome comparison revealed the presence of this island in only six salmonella strains and a high variability of the iol gene organization in gram-negative bacteria. upon nonpolar del ... | 2009 | 19011032 |
| risk factors for infection with pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant fecal bacteria in northern elephant seals in california. | the goal of this study was to identify potential environmental and demographic factors associated with campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni), salmonella enterica (salmonella spp.), and antimicrobial-resistant escherichia coli (e. coli) infection in northern elephant seals stranded along the california coastline. | 2008 | 19006978 |
| the solution structure of the monomeric copper, zinc superoxide dismutase from salmonella enterica: structural insights to understand the evolution toward the dimeric structure. | the structure of the sodcii-encoded monomeric cu, zn superoxide dismutase from salmonella enterica has been solved by nmr spectroscopy. this represents the first solution structure of a natural and fully active monomeric superoxide dismutase in solution, providing information useful for the interpretation of the evolutional development of these enzymes. the protein scaffold consists of the characteristic beta-barrel common to the whole enzyme family. the general shape of the protein is quite sim ... | 2008 | 19006322 |
| controlled evaluation of bactec peds plus/f and bactec lytic/10 anaerobic/f media for isolation of salmonella enterica serovars typhi and paratyphi a from blood. | we compared anaerobic lytic (al) and pediatric aerobic resin-containing (peds plus/f) blood culture media for the isolation of salmonella enterica serotype typhi or paratyphi a from children. the yields from al and peds plus/f media were the same with equal volumes of blood, but recovery was faster from al medium than peds plus/f medium (10.7 and 16.4 h, respectively) (p < 0.001). | 2009 | 19005140 |
| influence of promoter, gene copy number, and preexisting immunity on humoral and cellular responses to a vectored antigen delivered by a salmonella enterica vaccine. | attenuated salmonella strains are currently in production as vaccines for protection of animals against salmonellosis. such commercial strains offer the potential to deliver heterologous antigen to protect animals against other diseases. one vaccine strain, attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (stm-1), was tested for the ability to deliver ovalbumin and to induce immune responses in mice. two vaccine trials were performed testing the influence of promoter choice, the location of th ... | 2009 | 19005022 |
| salmonella induces death of cd8alpha(+) dendritic cells but not cd11c(int)cd11b(+) inflammatory cells in vivo via myd88 and tnfr1. | dendritic cells (dcs), whose lifespan influences their ability to stimulate the immune system, are potent apcs that are critical for initiating immunity. here, we show that oral infection with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium induces death of dcs in the gut-draining lymph nodes. although cd8alpha(+) dcs were sensitive to salmonella-induced death, cd8alpha(-) dcs and in particular recruited cd11c(int)cd11b(+) inflammatory cells, were resistant. infecting mice deficient for myd88 revealed t ... | 2009 | 19004989 |
| modelling of the regulation of the hila promoter of type three secretion system of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | one of the most common modes of secretion of toxins in gram-negative bacteria is via the type three secretion system (ttss), which enables the toxins to be specifically exported into the host cell. the hila gene product is a key regulator of the expression of the ttss located on the pathogenicity island (spi-1) of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. it has been proposed earlier that the regulation of hila expression is via a complex feedforward loop involving the transactivators hild, hilc ... | 2007 | 19003447 |
| functional analysis of a large non-conserved region of flgk (hap1) from rhodobacter sphaeroides. | the single subpolar flagellum of rhodobacter sphaeroides shows an enlarged hook-filament junction. one of the two proteins that compose this section of the filament is hap1(rs) (flgk(rs)) it contains a central non-conserved region of 860 amino acids that makes this protein about three times larger than its homologue in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. we investigated the role of this central portion of the unusually large hap1 protein of r. sphaeroides by monitoring the effects of serial ... | 2009 | 19003427 |
| differential mrna expression of the avian-specific toll-like receptor 15 between heterophils from salmonella-susceptible and -resistant chickens. | pattern recognition receptors (prrs) are essential for recognition of conserved molecular constituents found on infectious microbes. toll-like receptors (tlrs) are a critical component of the prr repertoire and are coupled to downstream production of cytokines, chemokines, and antimicrobial peptides by tlr adaptor proteins. our laboratory previously demonstrated a role for tlr function in the differential innate response of two lines of chickens to bacterial infections. the aim of the present st ... | 2009 | 19002681 |
| characterization of plasmids harbouring qnrs1, qnrb2 and qnrb19 genes in salmonella. | the aim of this study was to identify and characterize plasmids carrying qnrs1, qnrb2 and qnrb19 genes identified in salmonella strains from the netherlands. the identification of plasmids may help to follow the dissemination of these resistance genes in different countries and environments. | 2009 | 19001452 |
| the potassium transporter trk and external potassium modulate salmonella enterica protein secretion and virulence. | potassium (k(+)) is the most abundant intracellular cation and is essential for many physiological functions of all living organisms; however, its role in the pathogenesis of human pathogens is not well understood. in this study, we characterized the functions of the bacterial trk k(+) transport system and external k(+) in the pathogenesis of salmonella enterica, a major food-borne bacterial pathogen. here we report that trk is important for salmonella to invade and grow inside epithelial cells. ... | 2009 | 19001074 |
| outbreak of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in switzerland, may-june 2008, implications for production and control of meat preparations. | an increased number of salmonella typhimurium cases were reported in switzerland between may and june 2008. investigations involved 72 cases. results of pfge typing identified several outbreak strains, the dominating one present in 43 of the 72 isolates. strains affecting one third of the cases were also found in animal samples, in particular pork. however, no specific food source could be identified. outbreaks described in this paper highlight the importance of food safety regulations such as t ... | 2008 | 19000565 |
| excess of infections due to a multi-drug sensitive salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium in france in june 2008. | an unusually high number of cases of salmonella typhimurium was reported in france in june 2008. in the course of epidemiological investigations 112 cases were ascertained, of whom 75 were interviewed. subtyping by pfge and mlva identified a strain named "majority profile". subtyping results were available for 45 interviewed cases, 30 of whom (majority below 15 years of age) were found to be infected with the majority profile strain. evidence suggested the occurrence of an outbreak due to a mono ... | 2008 | 19000564 |
| occurrence and characterization of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar 9,12:l,v:- strains from bulgaria, denmark, and the united states. | in 2006, salmonella enterica serovar i 9,12:l,v:- emerged in bulgaria. the aim of this study was to characterize salmonella serovar i 9,12:l,v:- isolates from bulgaria, denmark, and the united states. we compared isolates of salmonella i 9,12:l,v:- and diphasic serovars with similar antigenic formulas by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and antimicrobial susceptibility. the phase 2 flagellin gene (fljb) was also sequenced for selected isolates. by pfge, the salmonella i 9,12:l,v:- isolate ... | 2009 | 18998175 |
| correlating blood immune parameters and a cct7 genetic variant with the shedding of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in swine. | the porcine response to salmonella infection is critical for control of salmonella fecal shedding and the establishment of salmonella carrier status. in this study, 40 crossbred pigs were intranasally inoculated with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (salmonella typhimurium) and monitored for salmonella fecal shedding and blood immune parameters at 2, 7, 14 and 20 days post-inoculation (dpi). using a multivariate permutation test, a positive correlation was observed between salmonella typh ... | 2009 | 18996651 |
| fatal community-acquired pneumonia caused by legionella pneumophila and fluoroquinolone-resistant salmonella enterica serotype choleraesuis bacteraemia. | 2009 | 18993035 | |
| characterization of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar heidelberg isolated from humans and animals. | salmonella enterica serovar heidelberg has been recognized as one of the most common serovar associated with foodborne infections in the united states. it is also frequently isolated from nonhuman sources and has increasingly shown resistance to various antimicrobial agents. the present study was undertaken to identify the predominant antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and genotypes of salmonella heidelberg (n = 95) isolates of human, swine, and turkey origin. antimicrobial susceptibility was d ... | 2008 | 18991546 |
| gene expression profiling in chicken heterophils with salmonella enteritidis stimulation using a chicken 44 k agilent microarray. | salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (se) is one of the most common food-borne pathogens that cause human salmonellosis and usually results from the consumption of contaminated poultry products. the mechanism of se resistance in chickens remains largely unknown. previously, heterophils isolated from broilers with different genetic backgrounds (se-resistant [line a] and -susceptible [line b]) have been shown to be important in defending against se infections. to dissect the interplay between h ... | 2008 | 18990222 |
| the role of interleukin-12 in the heavy metal-elicited immunomodulation: relevance of various evaluation methods. | abstract: | 2008 | 18990205 |
| mutants of the rna-processing enzyme rnase e reverse the extreme slow-growth phenotype caused by a mutant translation factor ef-tu. | salmonella enterica with mutant ef-tu (gln125arg) has a low level of ef-tu, a reduced rate of protein synthesis and an extremely slow growth rate. eighty independent suppressor mutations were selected that restored normal growth. in some cases (n= 7) suppression was due to mutations in tufa but, surprisingly, in most cases (n= 73) to mutations in rne, the gene coding for rnase e. these rne mutations alone had only modest effects on growth rate. fifty different suppressor mutations were isolated ... | 2008 | 18990188 |
| multiple abscesses caused by salmonella enterica and corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in a dromedary camel. | a rare case of arthritis, peri-arthiritis and pleurits associated with salmonella enterica and corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in a dromedary camel is reported. articular infections caused by non-typhoidal salmonella have been exceptionally described in human medicine. to our knowledge, this would be the first description of articular infections associated with non-thyphoidal salmonella in other mammals than humans. possible pathogenesis of the infection is discussed. | 2009 | 18989744 |
| proteolytic inactivation of tissue factor pathway inhibitor by bacterial omptins. | the immune response to infection includes activation of the blood clotting system, leading to extravascular fibrin deposition to limit the spread of invasive microorganisms. some bacteria have evolved mechanisms to counteract this host response. pla, a member of the omptin family of gram-negative bacterial proteases, promotes the invasiveness of the plague bacterium, yersinia pestis, by activating plasminogen to plasmin to digest fibrin. we now show that the endogenous anticoagulant tissue facto ... | 2009 | 18988866 |
| update: recall of dry dog and cat food products associated with human salmonella schwarzengrund infections--united states, 2008. | on may 16, 2008, cdc reported on a 2006-2007 multistate outbreak of infection with salmonella enterica serotype schwarzengrund that was associated with dry dog food. at the time of that report, a total of 70 cases had been reported from 19 states, with the last case identified on october 1, 2007. subsequently, an additional case was identified on december 29, 2007. epidemiologic and environmental investigations have suggested the source of the outbreak was dry pet food produced by one manufactur ... | 2008 | 18987615 |
| porcine in vitro and in vivo models to assess the virulence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium for pigs. | salmonella typhimurium infections in pigs pose an important human health hazard. one promising control measure is the development of live attenuated vaccine strains using defined knockout mutants. preferably, screening of candidate knockout vaccine strains for attenuation should first be done in models allowing testing of a large number of strains. thereafter, a limited number of selected strains should be further characterized in an experimental infection model in pigs. the aim of the present s ... | 2009 | 18987064 |
| characterization of salmonella enterica isolates from infants and toddlers in wuhan, china. | extended-spectrum cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones are important antimicrobials for treating invasive salmonellosis, and emerging resistance to these antimicrobials is of paramount concern. this study reports on the antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular characterization of salmonella enterica isolates recovered in 2006 from 0- to 3-year-old outpatients in china. | 2009 | 18984647 |
| effect of transcriptional activators rama and soxs on expression of multidrug efflux pumps acrab and acref in fluoroquinolone-resistant salmonella typhimurium. | multidrug resistance (mdr) including fluoroquinolone resistance in salmonella typhimurium can result from overexpression of efflux pumps. we examined the mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance among in vitro-induced ciprofloxacin-resistant salmonella typhimurium mutants, ltl and lth, derived from laboratory strain lt2. | 2009 | 18984645 |